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Akshara Malava Handout 01
Akshara Malava Handout 01
zzNdIKh udkisl wkqN+;Ska ksfhdackh lrkakls' f,aLkh NdIKh ksfhdackh lrkakls'ZZ - weßiafgdaÜ,a
ukqIHhd f,aLkh wkdjrKh lr .;af;a NdIdj Ndú;hg yqre ù oS¾> ld,hlg miq j h'
zzñksid NdIKh wrUd f.ù we;s ld,h mE 24la kï f,aLkh wrUd ;j u f.ù we;af;a
ñks;a;= myla muKs'ZZ ^ A. Montagu, Man His First Millenium Years)
lsishï NdIdjla i|yd Ndú; flfrk wlaIr ud,djlska ta NdIdfõ NdIKfhys ,d Ndú; jk
ieu Yíohla u ksfhdackh flfr;s hs mejish fkd yels h' tkï ieu NdIK Yíohla i|yd u
ixfla;hla fyda ieu ixfla;hla i|yd u ksYaÑ; WÉpdrKhla fyda fkdue;s nj fmkajd fokq
,efí' ksoiqka f,i isxy,fha K - k" , - <" Y - I wl=re yd tajdys WÉpdrKh oelaúh yels h'
fuf;la wkdjrKh ù we;s wdÈ u zÑ;% f,aLkhZ (pictography) iqfïßhdkq YsIagdpdrfhka yuq
fjhs' ta l%sia;= mQ¾j 5000 ;rï w;S;fha oS h' wk;=re j ñirfha yd Ökfha o zÑ;% f,aLkhZ
Ndú; ù ;sfí' fï Ñ;% f,aLkh wikaÈ.aO w¾: m%ldYk l%uhla fia ye|skaùu wiSre h'
ksoiqka jifhka fmkajd Èh yelafla ziQ¾hhdZ oelafjk zÑ;% f,aLHhZ (pictogram)
zwdf,dalhZ" z;dmhZ fuka u zn,hZ hk woyia oelaùug fhdod .ekqKq nj hs' tmßoafoka u
zmhZ oelafjk zÑ;% f,aLHhZ (pictogram) zhEuZ" zkej;S isàuZ" zf.k tauZ oelaùug fhdod
f.k ;sfí'
wo o wms we;eï wjia:djkays oS zÑ;% f,aLHZ (pictograms) Ndú; lruq'
f,aLkfha úldikfha ó <`. wjêh zYíodY%s; f,aLkhZ (phonography) fyj;a zwlaIr
f,aLkhZ hs' wo f,dj m%p,s; j we;af;a Ñ;% f,aLkh fyda jpkdlaIr f,aLkh fyda fkd j
fï wlaIr f,aLkh hs'
tys o l%u folls'
m<uq jekak isxy," fou<" yskaoS jeks wdishdkq NdIdjkays Ndú; flfrk l%uh'
tkï wdÈ iajrh tu iajrfha uq,a rEmfhkq;a fiiq ia:dkhkays iajr uq,a rEmfhka fkd olajd
jH[ackdlaIrhg wE|k ,o ixfla; u`.skq;a oelaùfï l%uh fyj;a iuia; YíodlaIr l%uh
(syllabic writing system) hs'
fojekak iajr yd jH[ack ieu úg u fjka fjka j ,sùu fyj;a jHia; YíodlaIr l%uh
(alphabetic writing system) hs' fï l%uh hqfrdamSh NdIdjkays jHjydr fjhs'
tu wlaIr ta ta NdIdjkays oS lsishï rgdjlg fyda wkqms<sfj<lg fyda fm< .iajd ;sfí' tfia
fm< .eiajQ wlaIr iuQyh zwlaIr ud,djZ" zfydaähZ" zwlaIr iudïkdhZ" zwldrdÈhZ" zwwdÈhZ
hkqfjka kï flf¾'
alphabet = Alpha ^we,a*d& + Beta ^îgd& ^.%Sl fydaäfha uq,a wl=re fol&
= A^ta& B ^î& ^frdaudkq fydaäj, uq,a wl=re&
= aleph ^wf,*a& beth ^fn;a& ^ySírE fydaäfha uq,a wl=re fol&
úúO wjëkays w¨;ska wl=re we;s ùfuka yd ixialD;" md,s hk NdIdjkays wl=re tla
lr .ksñka fï wlaIr ud,dj j¾Okh ù we;' we" wE" `." `c" `v" `|" U fuys we;s jQ wl=re
h' uydm%dK wlaIr oyh;a" Y" I yd úi¾.h;a ixialD; yd md,s NdIdj,ska f.k ;sfí' ta
ish,a, we;=<;a j wlaIr rEm 59lska hq;a wlaIr ud,djla 10 jk ishjfia muK isg isxy,h
,sùug fhdod f.k ;sfí' fuh zñY% isxy, wlaIr ud,djZ kñka ye|skafjhs'
2' y%iaj ixjD; w ldrh i|yd zwZ wlaIr rEmh by<ska fldud ,l=Kla o tys u oS¾>h
i|yd zwZ wlaIr rEmh by<ska fldud ,l=Kq folla o ;eîfï l%uh
3' y%iaj ixjD; w ldrh i|yd zwZ wlaIr rEmfhys by< ol=Kq miska flá biams,s
ixfla;h o tys u oS¾>h i|yd zwZ wlaIr rEmfhys by< ol=Kq miska oS¾> biams,s
ixfla;h o ;eîfï l%uh'
^fuh uydpd¾h fÊ' î' Èidkdhlf.a kQ;k isxy, f,aLk jHdlrKh 1( wlaIr
úkHdih kï .%ka:fhys oS y÷kajd fok ,È' tys oelafjk zfydaähgZ o fï ixfla;
fol we;=<;a fldg we;' &
ws wS
óg wu;r j" fï Yío oelafjk ia:dk ksy`v z¾Z u`.ska oelaùfï ms<sfj<la o fjhs'
ksoiqka( w¾kiaÜ fyñxfõ" w¾úka msialefgda¾" fmdgEishï m¾uex.fkaÜ" ú,shï
j¾âiaj¾;a
bx.sßis nfiys o fï Yío i|yd ksYaÑ; ixfla; fkdue;' y%iajh i|yd úê 11la o oS¾>h
i|yd 10la o jHjydr fjhs' ^wod< ixfla; úêh f,dl= we, wl=ßka olajd we;'&
y%iaj ixjD; w Yíoh( along, forward, the, modern, horrible, method, cupboard, error,
minimum, famous, picture
oS¾> ixjD; w Yíoh( her, girl, fur, myrtle, work, earth, colnel, amateur, journey, were
2' jH[ack
Yío W;am;a;s wf>daI f>daI kdislH j¾.dka; mQ¾j wf>daI f>daI wka;#ia:
ia:dkh wkqj j¾.dka; ^wiam¾Y& kdislH$ W!Iau W!Iau $ w¾O
flfrk w,amm%dK uydm%dK w,amm%dK uydm%dK ^iam¾Y& i[a[l ^>¾I& ^>¾I& iajr$
j¾.SlrKh ^w¾O md¾Yaùh
wkqkdisl& wlaIr
lKaGc la Ä .a >a Ù ^w&x `. ^w&# ya
;d¨c É þ Ê Cè [a `c Ya ha
uQ¾Oc Ü Ga â Va Ka `v Ia ¾$<a
oka;c ;a :a oa è ka | ia ,a
´IaGc ma Ma í Na ï U õ