Deciles for grouped data

Deciles are the values of arranged data which divide whole data into ten equal parts. They
are 9 in numbers namely D1,D2,⋯,D9. Here D1 is first decile, D2 is second decile, D3 is third
decile and so on.

Formula
For discrete frequency distribution, the formula for ith decile is

Di=(i(N)10)th value, i=1,2,⋯,9

where,

 N is total number of observations.

For continuous frequency distribution, the formula for ith quartile i

Di=l+(iN/10-f</f)×h; i=1,2,⋯,9

where,

 l is the lower limit of the ith decile class

 N=∑f total number of observations
 f frequency of the ith decile class
 F< cumulative frequency of the class previous to ith decile class
 h is the class width

EXAMPLE 1:

Find D9

GIVEN TABLE

Scores Frequency LB <CF

46-50 4 45.5 50
41-45 8 40.5 46
36-40 11 35.5 38
31-35 9 30.5 27
26-30 12 25.5 18
21-25 6 20.5 6
N=50

FIND (kn/10) n=50

D9= (9) (50)/10

= 450/10= 45

LB= 35.5
N= 50

Cfb= 27

Fdk= 11

I= 5

K= 9

D9= 35.5+ (35-27/11) 5

= 35.5 (8/11) 5

= 35.5 (0.72) 5

= 35.5+ 3.63= 39.13

EXAMPLE 2:

The following table gives the amount of time (in minutes) spent on the internet each evening by a group of 56
students.

Time spent on Internet (x) 10-12 13-15 16-18 19-21 22-24

No. of students (f) 3 12 15 24 2

Calculate

a. the maximum time spent on the internet by lower 20 % of the students,

b. the maximum time spent on the internet by lower 50 % of the students,

c. the minimum time spent on the internet by upper 30 % of the students.

Solution

Let X denote the amount of time (in minutes) spent on the internet.

Here the classes are inclusive. To make them exclusive type subtract 0.5 from the lower limit and add 0.5 to
the upper limit of each class.

Class Interval Class Boundries fi cf

10-12 9.5-12.5 3 3

13-15 12.5-15.5 12 15

16-18 15.5-18.5 15 30

19-21 18.5-21.5 24 54

22-24 21.5-24.5 2 56
 Class Interval Class Boundries fi cf

Total 56

a. The maximum time spent on the internet by lower 20 % of the students is second decile D2.

The formula for ith decile is

Di=(i(N)10)th value, i=1,2,⋯,9

where N is the total number of observations.

D2=(2(N)10)th value=(2(56)10)th value=(11.2)th value

The cumulative frequency just greater than or equal to 11.2 is 15, the corresponding class 12.5−15.5 is the 2st decile
class.

Thus

 l=12.5, the lower limit of the 2st decile class

 N=56, total number of observations
 f=12, frequency of the 2st decile class
 F<=3, cumulative frequency of the class previous to 2st decile class
 h=3, the class width

The second decile D2 can be computed as follows:

D2=l+(2(N)10−F<f)×h=12.5+(2∗5610−312)×3=12.5+(11.2−312)×3=12.5+(0.6833)×3=12.5+2.0
5=14.55 minutes

The maximum time spent on the internet by lower 20 % of the students is second decile D2=14.55 minutes.

b. The maximum time spent on the internet by lower 50 % of the students is fifth decile D5.

D5=(5(N)10)th value=(5(56)10)th value=(28)th value

The cumulative frequency just greater than or equal to 28 is 30, the corresponding class 15.5−18.5 is
the 5th decile class.

Thus

 l=15.5, the lower limit of the 5th decile class

 N=56, total number of observations
 f=15, frequency of the 5th decile class
 F<=15, cumulative frequency of the class previous to 5th decile class
 h=3, the class width

The fifth decile D5 can be computed as follows:

D5=l+(5(N)10−F<f)×h=15.5+(5∗5610−1515)×3=15.5+(28−1515)×3=15.5+(0.8667)×3=15.5+2.6
=18.1 minutes
The maximum time spent on the internet by lower 50 % of the students is fifth decile D5=18.1 minutes.

c. The minimum time spent on the internet by upper 30 % of the students is seventh decile D7.

D7=(7(N)10)th value=(7(56)10)th value=(39.2)th value

The cumulative frequency just greater than or equal to 39.2 is 54, the corresponding class 18.5−21.5 is
the 7th decile class.

Thus

 l=18.5, the lower limit of the 7th decile class

 N=56, total number of observations
 f=24, frequency of the 7th decile class
 F<=30, cumulative frequency of the class previous to 7th decile class
 h=3, the class width

The seventh decile D7 can be computed as follows:

D7=l+(7(N)10−F<f)×h=18.5+(7∗5610−3024)×3=18.5+(39.2−3024)×3=18.5+(0.3833)×3=18.5+1
.15=19.65 minutes

The minimum time spent on the internet by upper 30 % of the students is seventh decile D7=19.65 minutes.

EXAMPLE 3:

Please determine the 5th decile from the data below !

Answer :
n = 8 + 10 + 13 + 17 + 14 + 11 + 7 = 80
the location of the 5th decile = Location data : (5(80 + 1)/10)
the location of the 5th decile = Location data : (5(81)/10)
the location of the 5th decile = Location data : (5(81)/10)
the location of the 5th decile = Location data : (405/10)
the location of the 5th decile = Location data : 40,5
So the frequency of 5th decile = 17
f5 = 17
Be = 45 - 0,5 = 44.5
F5 = 8 + 10 + 13 = 31
c = 35 - 30 = 5

So the 5th decile from the above table is 47.15.

EXAMPLE 4
We will calculate fourth, seventh and ninth deciles from the frequency distribution of weights of 120 students,
as provided in Table 18.

I. D4= l + h/f(4n/10-C.F)
=139.5 + 10/28 (48-22)
= 148.79 pounds

II D7= l +h/f (7n/10-C.F)

= 159.5 + 10/18 (84-75)

= 164.5 pounds
 III D9= l + h/f(9n/10-C.F)

= 179.5 + 10/6(108-106)

= 182.83 pounds

From D4,D7,D9… we conclude that 40% students weigh 148.79 pounds or less, 70% students weigh 164.5
pounds or less and 90% students weigh 182.83 pounds or less.

EXERCISES

1) A sample of college students was asked how much they spent monthly on a cell phone plan (to
the nearest dollar).
Monthly Cell Phone Plan Cost ($) Number of Students
10 - 19 8
20 - 29 16
30 - 39 21
40 - 49 11
50 - 59 4

2) The following data represent the difference in scores between the winning and losing teams in a
sample of 15 college football bowl games from 2004-2005.
Point Difference Number of Bowl Games
1-5 8
6 - 10 0
11 - 15 2
16 - 20 3
21 - 25 1
26 - 30 0
31 - 35 1

3) The following table represents the distribution of the annual number of days over 100 degrees
Fahrenheit for Dallas-Fort Worth for a sample of 80 years from 1905 to 2004.
Days Above 100 Degrees Number of Years
0-9 25
10 - 19 33
20 - 29 14
30 - 39 5
40 - 49 2
50 - 59 1
4) The following table shows the distribution of the number of hours worked each week (on
average) for a sample of 100 community college students.
Hours Worked per Week Number of Students
0-9 24
10 - 19 14
20 - 29 39
30 - 39 18
40 - 49 5
5) The following data represents the age distribution of a sample of 100 people covered by health
insurance (private or government). The sample was taken in 2003.
Age Number
25 - 34 23
35 - 44 29
45 - 54 28
55 - 64 20

KEY ANSWER
1) mean = 32.2, std. dev. = 2) mean = 10.7, std. dev. = 9.6
11.1
3) mean = 15.6, std. dev. = 4) mean = 21.1, std. dev. =
10.8 11.7
5) mean = 44.0, std. dev. =
10.6

DECILE FOR UNGROUPED DATA

-Is The data collected in original form. We can say that ungrouped data is an array of
numbers.
-Dividing the data set into 10 parts
FORMULA

( )
Di= i⋅(n+1)10 th value of the observation, where i=1,2,3, ..., 9

Examples
1. Calculate Quartile-1, Deciles-3, Percentiles-20 from the follwing data
3,13,11,11,5,4,2
Arranging Observations in the ascending order, We get :
2,3,4,5,11,11,13
Here, n=7
 ( )
D3= 3(n+1)10 th value of the observation

( ( ))
= 3 810 th value of the observation

=(2.4)th value of the observation

[
=2nd observation +0.4 3rd-2nd ]
=3+0.4[4-3]

=3+0.4(1)

=3+0.4

=3.4

2. Calculate Quartile-2, Deciles-6, Percentiles-45 from the follwing data

85,96,76,108,85,80,100,85,70,95
Arranging Observations in the ascending order, We get :
70,76,80,85,85,85,95,96,100,108

Here, n=10

( )
D6= 6(n+1)10 th value of the observation

( ( ))
= 6 1110 th value of the observation

=(6.6)th value of the observation

=6th observation +0.6 7th-6th [ ]

=85+0.6[95-85]

=85+0.6(10)

=85+6

=91