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Speech Act Analysis Used by Hiro As One of Main Characters in Big Hero 6 Movie Script
Speech Act Analysis Used by Hiro As One of Main Characters in Big Hero 6 Movie Script
A. Background of study
Language is system communication that uses a signal, such as a voice sounds,
gesture, or written symbols, (Jendra, 2012:2). Human produce and use them to deliver
communication, human being to express his thought, ideas and emotion. To avoid
misunderstanding the message in the communication, the speaker and the listener
must mutually catch the meaning of the speech, so that the communication runs
cooperatively. The communication does not require only the contextual knowledge, in
which role is very important to understand the meaning of the speech that being
uttered. In linguistics, utterances which have something to do with others and require
and the way people act through their speech. Speech act represent real-life interaction
and require not only knowledge of the language but also appropriate use of that
language within a given culture (Imam Ghozali, 2019:3). It means that when someone
tells something, she also does something accordance with the existing culture. For an
example in Indonesia when someone walks in front of an older person, we have to say
“excuse me”. This is a speech act because when she says something she also does
something.
Speech act has three types included, according to Austin in Imam Ghozali
perlocutionary force is the effect of utterances to hearer. Speech act theory attempts to
explain how speakers use language to accomplish intended actions and how hearers
infer intended meaning from what is said (Austin in Ghozali Imam, 2019:5). It means
speech act is the action performed by language to modify the state of the object on
which the action performed. Sometimes, people use the utterances with implied
meaning in their life communication. To guess that meaning, they should know where
and when the utterance is stated or what the context of the speech in order to achieve
the goal of utterances itself. That is called how the addressee's interpretations of what
speakers really want to the addressees. The context is also important to help the
addressee to interpret the meaning of the utterances because context can stimulate and
contribute to hearer in interpreting the meaning. In many aspect of life, speech acts
can surely always be found. One of them it can be found in the movie.
Movie is one of the ways which used by the speaker to convey the utterance. This
study conducted to give evidence that in a cartoon movie is not only about the syntax
and semantics that can be analysed. But also, the existence of linguistic expertise that
can be analysed deeper based on speech acts theory. In addition, movie is entertain
equip thing which is very interesting that could bring the influence to viewer and also
we get moral values of the movie which can be applied in the real life. Therefore, it is
movie.
One of the cartoon movies which contain speech act is Big Hero 6 movie. This
movie sowed the story of Hiro Hamada is a 14-year-old high school graduate and
robotics genius. He spends much of his free time participating in illegal robot fights.
To redirect Hiro, his older brother Tadashi takes him to the research lab at the San
But, an exploded building makes his brother died and his microbot stolen. Hiro, his
brother’s robot called Baymax and his friends look for someone which stole his
microbot. Besides this film has a popular and iconic robot called Baymax, it also has
many utterances which indicating any kind of speech acts and its function. In this
speech acts, just like the example "Megabot, destroy!" Base on the context that
speaker attempts to get his robot to destroy his enemy in the robot fighting and the
perlocutionary act of its directive act is the hearer doing the thing like the speaker
want. It would be very interesting for the researcher to look for analysing classify into
illocutionary act and what are the perlocutionary act of utterances used by one of the
B. Identification of study
From background of the study above, the writer would like to identify this study
as follows:
1. To identify what types of illocutionary act used by Hiro as one of mine character
the analysis focus to what being focused. This study will be focused on utterances of
Hiro as one of main characters shows speech act in the Big Hero 6 movie script. This
research deals with kinds of illocutionary act of Searle's classification and the
perlocutionary act of Hiro as one of the main characters in Big Hero 6 movie script.
6 movie script?
follows:
1. To identify what types of illocutionary act used by Hiro as one of mine character
study of language, what people do by saying words is called speech act. Speech act
observed that people do things with words and stated that words have meaning
(Ghozali, 2019:2). Yule said in Zamzani (2016:27) that speech act is actions
performed via utterance. It means that the word have the some functions when people
speech act is doing action used utterances. When we state utterances, it is not just we
convey sentence without any purpose. But it's also has got meaning inside utterance
itself. In uttering sentence at the same time we perform action, as the hearer must
which is conveys the particular words and structures that the utterance contains.
Yule in zamzani (2016:28) also defined locutionary act, which is the basic act of
between the meanings and where/when the utterance is stated. For example The
black car, the meaning of that utterance is The black car of the literal meaning.
2. Illocutionary Act
Illocution is what the speaker is doing by uttering those words: commanding,
Austin also defines in Ghozali (2019:7) illocutionary meaning is the real meaning
the speaker intends to express. It can be conclude that illocutionary act is what
speaker meant from what he say base on the context. For example “The black car
is nice”, the meaning of utterance to interpret what speaker intent to the hearer
general categories based on the relation of word and world. There are five basic
kinds of actions that one can perform on utterance, by means of the following
example: I'll think about it. The meaning of the utterance is he promise to
For example: That was my first fight. The meaning of utterance Hiro had never
follows robot fighting before. It is change the situation, from never being ever.
c. Directive
Directive is speech act that has the function of getting the listener to do
bot, destroy. The meaning of utterance Hiro commands his robot to destroy his
enemy.
d. Expressive
Expressing is a speech act in which the speaker expresses feeling and
world, such as an assertion, claim and report. For example: I've got more
money. The meaning of the utterance is Hiro describes he has much money.
3. Perlocutionary Act
Austin in Ghozali (2019:7) define perlocutionary act is an effect on the
feelings, thoughts or actions of either the speaker or the listener because of speech
act. Yule in Zamzani (2016:30) on his book stated assumption that the hearer will
recognize the effect you intended. It means speaker assumes that the hearer would
recognize the effect through the uttering of speaker. Cutting (2002:16) support this
by saying the perlocutionary effect, what is done by uttering the words; it is the
effect on the hearer, the hearer’s reaction. It can be concluded that the
feeling after speaker uttering or illocutionary force. For example: He's dead,
Baymax. The utterance conveys Tadashi is dead and it makes effect to Baymax.
C. Movie
Movie is defined as a motion picture considered especially as a source of
expansion. People build the movie factory in many countries. Furthermore people
watch the movie is not just for entertainment only but also we can get the lesson from
movie.
the futuristic city of San Fransokyo who spends much of his free time participating in
illegal robot fights. To redirect Hiro, his older brother Tadashi takes him to the
research lab at the San Fransokyo Institute of Technology, where Hiro meets Tadashi's
friends, Go Go, Wasabi, Honey Lemon, and Fred. Hiro also meets Professor Robert
Callaghan, the head of the university's robotics program. Amazed, Hiro decides to
microbots, swarms of tiny robots that can link together in any arrangement imaginable
using a neurocranial transmitter. At the fair, Hiro declines an offer from Alistair Krei,
CEO of Krei Tech, to market the microbots, and Callaghan accepts him into the
school. At the end of the day, a fire breaks out among the exhibits and Tadashi rushes
in to save Callaghan, the only person left inside. The building explodes moments later,
killing Tadashi.
Weeks later, a depressed Hiro, in mourning for Callaghan's and Tadashi's death,
inadvertently activates Baymax, the inflatable healthcare robot that Tadashi created;
the two find Hiro's only remaining microbot and follow it to an abandoned
warehouse. There they discover that someone has been mass-producing the microbots,
and are attacked by a man wearing a Kabuki mask who is controlling them. After they
escape, Hiro suspects that the fire that claimed his brother may not have been
accidental and in fact started by the man in the kabuki mask to cover the theft of the
microbots; seeking vengeance, Hiro equips Baymax with armour and a battle chip
containing various karate moves, and they track the masked man to the docks. Go Go,
Wasabi, Honey Lemon, and Fred arrive, responding to a call from Baymax, and the
masked man chases the group. They escape to Fred's mansion, where they decide to
In this chapter, the researcher presents the finding and the analysis of the
finding and analysis data used the theories which have been reviewed before. The data
are presented answer the research questions, (1) the types of illocutionary act used by
Hiro as one of the main characters in the Big hero 6 movie script, (2) the
perlocutionary act of illocutionary act used by Hiro as one of the main characters in
movie that related to this study. Then the researcher writes the part of subtitle movie.
After write the transcription, the researcher categorizes some utterances in the movie
based on Austin and Searle’s theories of speech acts. The next step is analysing speech
act in movie based on the context. In this section, the writer will present, analyse, and
explain the data taken from the movie. The researcher will utilize those
Searle’s (1976) five categories of illocution act point for analysing each utterance.
act categories referring to a number of basic things we can do with language. The
dimensions are based on the purpose of illocutionary point (Tira Nur Fitria: 17).
1. Representatives
Based on Yule representatives are kinds of speech acts that state what the
speaker believes (Tira Nur Fitria: 18). The representatives keywords are:
No Utterance Function
1. I have a robot. Reporting
2. I built it myself. Reporting
3. There's a fight across town. Affirming
4. I appreciate the offer, Mr. Krei, but they're not Denying
for sale.
5. Callaghan blames Krei. Concluding
In (1) and (2) utterance, the speaker said about the fact if he have a robot
and built it by himself. It is fact and can be proven by the others. In utterance
(3), the speaker affirms that there's a fight across town, it is a fact and can be
proved by the hearer. In utterance (4) the speaker said denying to hearer’s
offer and the speaker said the fact if the robot not for sale. And in (5), the
speaker concluded that Callaghan blames Krei after he saw the video, it is fact
2. Commisive
Yule states that commissives are those kinds of acts that speakers
commit themselves to do some in the future (Tira Nur Fitria: 18). Similarly, by
No Utterance Function
1. I have to go here. Promising
2. I'll think about it. Promising
3. They'll get sucked up into the portal. Promising
(signed in the word “Will”), as a commisive speech act that something (action)
3. Directives
Yule states that directives are speech act which speaker attempts to get
hearer to do something (Tira Nur Fitria: 19). The directive keywords are: ask,
order, command, request, advice, beg, plead, pray, entreat, invite, permit, dare,
No Utterance Function
1. Can I try again? Asking
2. Mega-bot, destroy. Commanding
3. What are we doing at your nerd school? Asking
4. Fine, just keep it down. Ordering
5. Kick it down! Commanding
6. Try to keep it together. Ordering
7. Hammerfist! Commanding
8. Knifehand! Commanding
9. Don't scan me. Ordering/forbidding
10. Baymax, get him! Commanding
11. Baymax, palm-heel strike! Commanding
12. Stop the car! Commanding
13. Does this symbol mean anything to you guys? Asking
15. Arms up. Ordering
16. Focus. Commanding
17. Baymax, wings. Commanding
18. Look, let's just take this slow. Ordering
19. Guys, Shh. Ordering
20. Fly! Commanding
The most dominant function of utterance (speech act) above shows as
directive speech acts such as a command, order and ask. The function is order
follow the speaker what to do. The directive speech act usually is signed by
the first word (for example imperative) used in the sentence, which is an
imperative word. In using directive, the speaker attempts to make the world fit
the words (via utterance). The directives can be positive or negative (don’t)
4. Declaratives
Declarations are words and expression of the speaker that change the
No Utterance Function
1. We love you, Aunt Cass. Declaring
2. Tadashi's gone. Declaring
3. I'd like to introduce, Baymax 2.0. Declaring
happen. In uterance (1), the speaker declared he love to his aunt. Speaker
declared his feeling to hearer. It makes the hearer did not know before
becoming know. In (2) utterance, the speaker declared his brother gone. This
utterance can make change the world of hearer because someone who stays
with the hearer before was not stay with now. In (3) utterance, the speaker
declared his robot invention. The speaker introduced his robot with upgrade
5. Expressive
According to Yule, expressive are speech acts that state what the speaker
apology, gratitude, congratulation, thank and greeting (Tira Nur Fitria: 20).
For example:
No Utterance Function
1. Ow! Expression pain
2. Well then, I'm satisfied with my care. Expression satisfied
3. Thanks, Aunt Cass. Thanking
4. I'm so sorry. Appology
to express what the speaker feels. The speaker expressed pain because his
robot fall on his toe. In (2) uterance the speaker expresses pleasant/joy because
he was satisfied the robot has take care of him. In utterance (3) the speaker
a function of expressive speech act to express what the speaker feels (regret).
words, it is the effect on the hearer, the hearer’s reaction. Then, the researcher
Utterance 1
TADASHI : Yeah, going for a non-threatening, huggable kind of thing.
HIRO : Looks like a walking marshmallow. No offense.
BAYMAX : I am a robot. I cannot be offended.
uttering the words, it is the effect on the hearer, the hearer’s reaction. Then based
on the theory above the effect of utterance 1: Baymax as hearer no problem with
Hiro statement.
Utterance 2
BAYMAX : You have been a good boy. Have a lollipop.
HIRO : Nice.
BAYMAX : I cannot deactivate until you say you are satisfied with your
care.
uttering the words, it is the effect on the hearer, the hearer’s reaction. Then based
on the theory above the effect of utterance 2: Hiro as hearer felt very happy.
Utterance 3
BAYMAX : Crying is a natural response to pain.
HIRO : I'm not crying.
BAYMAX : I will scan you for injuries.
uttering the words, it is the effect on the hearer, the hearer’s reaction. Then based
on the theory above the effect of utterance 3: Hiro as a hearer ignored Baymax’s
Utterance 4
BAYMAX : Tadashi.
HIRO : Tadashi's gone.
BAYMAX : When will he return?
HIRO : He's dead, Baymax.
BAYMAX : Tadashi was in excellent health. With a proper diet and
uttering the words, it is the effect on the hearer, the hearer’s reaction. Then based
on the theory above the effect of utterance 4: Baymax as hearer felt sad.
Utterance 5
BAYMAX : "Fist bump" is not in my fighting database.
HIRO : No, this isn't a fighting thing. It's what people do
uttering the words, it is the effect on the hearer, the hearer’s reaction. Then based
on the theory above the effect of utterance 5: Hiro as hearer felt happy.
CONCLUSION
This chapter covers the conclusion based on the result of the analysis of
speech act of utterances of Hiro as one of main character in the dialogues of Big Hero
6 movie script,
A. Conclusion
In appropriate with the data which have been analyzed and interpreted in the
appropriate with what the speaker believes. The researcher found at least 174
The researcher found at least 184 utterances of directives act like some
example: Don't scan me. (act of forbidding), Baymax, get him! (act of
commanding).
d. Declarative
Declarative, which are related with acts having immediately change. The
researcher found at least 126 utterances like example: I'm so sorry. (act of
2) Perlocutionary act of utterances of Hiro as one of the main characters in the Big
Hero 6 movie script which interpreted by researcher like example below: The
utterance of Hiro (He's dead, Baymax.), the perlocutionary act is the effect on
the hearer, then Baymax as the hearer felt sad as the effect of that utterance.
REFERENCES
Cutting, Joan. 2002. Pragmatics and Discourse. London: Rouledge 11 New Fetter Lane.
Ghozali, Imam. 2019. Sosiolinguistic Hand-out. Yogyakarta: Sarjanawiyata Tamansiswa
University.
Jendra, Made Iwan Indrawan. 2010. SOCIOLINGUISTICS: The Study of Societies’ Language.
Tulungagung.