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  • Varna Vichar

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    Raghav Chaudhary
    18 views3 pages
    1. Letters are the smallest units of sound that cannot be further broken down, and are also called phonemes. 2. Letters combine to form alphabets, and there are two types of letters - vowels and consonants. Vowels require no assistance from other sounds during pronunciation, while consonants require assistance from vowels. 3. Consonants are further classified into three categories - oral consonants, nasal consonants, and aspirated consonants - based on the manner and place of articulation in the mouth.

    Original Description:

    VARNA VICHAR

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    1. Letters are the smallest units of sound that cannot be further broken down, and are also called phonemes. 2. Letters combine to form alphabets, and there are two types of letters - vowels and consonants. Vowels require no assistance from other sounds during pronunciation, while consonants require assistance from vowels. 3. Consonants are further classified into three categories - oral consonants, nasal consonants, and aspirated consonants - based on the manner and place of articulation in the mouth.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as pdf or txt
    18 views3 pages

    Varna Vichar

    Uploaded by

    Raghav Chaudhary
    1. Letters are the smallest units of sound that cannot be further broken down, and are also called phonemes. 2. Letters combine to form alphabets, and there are two types of letters - vowels and consonants. Vowels require no assistance from other sounds during pronunciation, while consonants require assistance from vowels. 3. Consonants are further classified into three categories - oral consonants, nasal consonants, and aspirated consonants - based on the manner and place of articulation in the mouth.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 3

    o.

    kZ&fopkj

    og NksVh /ofu ftlds VqdM+s ugha fd, tk ldrs] o.kZ dgykrh gSA o.kZ dks ewy /ofu Hkh
    dgrs gaSA
    o.kZekyk &
    o.k¨Za ds O;ofLFkr lewg dks o.kZekyk dgrs gaSA
    o.kksZa ds nks Hksn gksrs gSa&
    1& Loj ( budh la[;k 11 gS ) v] vk] b] bZ] m] Å]
    _] ,] ,s] vks] vkS
    2&O;atu ( budh la[;k 33 gS )

    Loj%& ftu o.kksZa ds cksyus esa vU; /ofu;ksa dh lgk;rk ugha ysuh iM+rh] mUgsa Loj dgrs gSaA
    Loj ds rhu Hksn gksrs gSa&
    1- âLo Loj (v] b] m] _)
    2- nh?kZ Loj (vk] bZ] Å] ,] ,s] vks] vkSA)
    3- Iyqr Loj (vksss e] jkse vkfn)

    ftu Lojksa ds mPpkj.k esa de&ls&de le; yxrk gS vFkkZr ,d ek=k&dky] mUgsa âLo Loj
    dgrs gSaA bUgsa ewy Loj Hkh dgrs gaSA
    ftu Lojksa ds mPpkj.k esa âLo Lojksa ls nqxquk le; yxrk gS] os nh?kZ Loj dgykrs gSaA
    ftu Lojksa ds mPpkj.k esa âLo Lojksa ls rhu xquk le; yxrk gS os Iyqr Loj dgykrs gSaA
    tSls& vksss e~A ijUrq bldk iz;ksx fgUnh esa cgqr de gksrk gSA

    v;ksxokg& budh fxurh u rks Lojksa esa gksrh gS u O;atu esaAva vkSj v% v;ksxokg dgykrs gSaA
    vuqLokj & tSls&da?kk] vaxwj] canj] panu vkfnA
    vuqukfld& tSls&pkWan] ekW]a vkWa[k] lkWai vkfnA
    folxZ%&tSls& izkr%] vr%] iqu% vkfnA

    2- O;atu &
    ftu o.kksaZ ds mPpkj.k ds fy, Lojksa dh lgk;rk ysuh gS mUgsa O;atu dgrs gSAa budh
    eq[; la[;k 33 gSA
    O;atuksa ds Hksn & O;atukas dks rhu Hkkxksa esa ck¡Vk tkrk gS&
    1- Li'kZ O;atu
    2- var%LFk O;atu
    3- Å"e O;atu

    1- Li'kZ O;atu%& ftu o.kksZa ds mPpkj.k ds fy, thHk eqWag ds fdlh u fdlh Hkkx dk
    Li'kZ djrh gS] mUgsa Li'kZ O;atu dgrs gSaA tSls%&
    doxZ d~ [k~ x~ ?k~ M~- (daB @ xyk) &&&&&mPpkj.k LFkku
    poxZ p~ N~ t~ >~ ´~ (rkyq)
    VoxZ V~ B~ M~ <~ .k~ (ew/kkZ)
    roxZ r~ Fk~ n~ /k~ u~ (nUR; )
    ioxZ i~ Q~ c~ Hk~ e~ (vks"B )

    2&var%LFk O;atu%& ftu o.kksZa ds mPpkj.k ds fy, thHk eqWag ds fdlh Hkkx dk iwjh rjg
    Li'kZ ugha djrh gS] mUgsa Li'kZ O;atu dgrs gSaA tSls%& ;~ j~ y~ o~

    3 Å"e O;atu%& ftu o.kksZa ds mPpkj.k ds le; eqWag esa ok;q ds rhoz xfr ls jxM+ [kkus
    ds dkj.k Å"ek mRiUu gksus dk vuqHko gksrk gS] mls Å"e O;atu dgrs gSAa
    tSls%&'k~ "k~ l~ g~

    la;qDr O;atu%& {k] =] K] J


    la;qDr O;atu 'kCn
    = ¾ r~ $ j~ $ v f=Hkqt] f=yksd] =srk] i=] N=
    {k ¾ d~ $ "k~ $ v {k;] {k.k] {kf=;] j{kd] fHk{kk
    K ¾ t~ $ ´~ $ v Kkuh] Kkr] ;K] izKk] Kku
    J ¾ 'k~ $ j~ $ v Jh] Je] Jfed] ifjJe] Jheku
    fo'ks"k
    1- fyf[kr O;atuksa ds vfrfjDr fganh Hkk"kk esa ^M+* vkSj ^<+* bu nks O;atuksa dk Hkh iz;ksx
    gksrk gS(
    tSls & <+ & i<+] p<+] x<+
    M+ & ?kM+k] isM+k] tksM+

    vkxr /ofu;k¡ &


    fons'kh Hkk"kkvksa ds 'kCn fganh esa vk tkus ds dkj.k dqN fons'kh /ofu;k¡ Hkh fganh esa
    vk xbZ gSaA
    vkxr Loj % ^vWk*( tSls& MkWDVj] dkWih] jkWdsV vkfnA
    vkxr O;atu % T+k vkSj +Q( tSls& tgkT+k] T+k:j] lQ+ns ] +Qly vkfnA

    n~foRo O;atu&
    tSls& dPpk] feV~Vh] iRrk] PkDdj] xUuk] [kn~nj] fgLlk] lTtu vkfnA

    la;qDrk{kj & tSls & jE;] fnO;] iz'u] izfln~/k vkfnA

    ^j* ds fofHkUu :i &


    ¼d½ ¼&Z½jsQ tSls& deZ] tqeZ] o.kZ] la?k"kZ] ekxZ] ioZr vkfnA
    ¼[k½ ¼@½ frjNk ¼insu½ tSls & izdkÓ] Øe] lezkV] leqnz vkfnA
    i~ $ j ¾ iz n~ $ j ¾ nz
    d~ $ j ¾ Ø e~ $ j ¾ ez
    ¼x½ ¼ ª½
    M~ $ j ¾ Mª V~ $ j ¾ Vª
    ¼?k½ gyar yxs O;atu ij ^b* dh ek=k bl izdkj yxsxh&
    fpV~fB;k¡] cqn~f/k] fpg~fur vkfnA
    ¼M-½ j~ $ m ¾ #] tSls &#Ik;k] #duk] xq#eq[kh vkfnA
    j~ $ Å ¾ :] tSls& :i] :[kk&lw[kk] :ilh vkfnA

    o.kZ&foPNsn& 'kCn esa iz;qDr o.kksaZ dks vyx&vyx djuk o.kZ&foPNsn


    dgykrk gS( tSls &
    Hkkjr & Hk~ $ vk $ j~ $ v $ r~ $ v
    cPpk & c~ $ v $ p~ $ p~ $ vk
    fon~;ky; & o~ $ b $ n~ $ ;~ $ vk $ y~ $ v $ ;~ $ v
    bfrgkl & b $ r~ $ b $ g~ $ vk $ l~ $ v

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