Canton Tower – Engineering the Elegance

Feng Jun LIN, Director, Arup

林奉军，董事，奥雅纳工程顾问

19 October, 2016
Canton Tower

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The Slim Waist Lady 小蛮腰

Canton Tower 600 m Site Area： 175,460 sqm
Total Gross Floor Area (GFA)： 114,054 sqm
Below Plaza GFA： 69,779 sqm
Tower GFA： 44,275 sqm
450 m

The Tower is designed for:

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7,000 visitors on Weekdays and

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15,000 visitors on Festive Days
Bu
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Construction Period: 2005 – 2010

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Architectural Functions

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The World’s Tallest
Amusement Park

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New Icon of Guangzhou

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Design Team
Architect： IBA (Information Based Architecture)

Engineer： Arup
• Structure / Geotechnical
• Wind
• Building Services
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• Fire Engineering
• Special Effect Lighting
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LDI： GZDI (Guangzhou Design Institute)
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 g s
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Form and Shape a
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Form & Shape Evolution

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Densification
of rings
Form & Shape Evolution
Core Size

Top Ellipse

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Form & Shape Evolution

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Aspect Ratio

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Aspect Ratio
@ Base = 7.5
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Total DesignaApproach B
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Total Design
• Geometry 多遇地震人工时程波(竖向)

• Wind climate 0.6

• Wind action 0.5

0.4
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• Temperature effect 0.3

l d in 1

• Stability 0.2
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加速度(m/s
0.1
• Seismic a
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-0.1 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
• Construction
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-0.2

• Fire engineering
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-0.4
• Material -0.5

• Computational fluidan
时间(T)

dynamic
广州太阳轨迹图
• Comfortability
• Performance design
approach
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Structural Design Challenges
- Study and specify the performance
based comfort design and lateral
building deflection limit.
- Accurate assessment of wind loading.
- Structural design to achieve a perfect
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architectural/structural form.
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- Ensure constructability of tower, cost-
effective design and control the
a ll
construction cost to within the project
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budget.
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Structural System : tube in tube

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Dual Defense System for 14 x 17 46

= + Outside = 24 + +
Lateral Stability
Core wall Ring Beams Bracings
Tube Columns
Structural System : Antenna

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Upper Steel Structure

in g （Closed Structure）

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Middle Steel

n c H a Structure (Latticed）

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Structure
Structural System : Eccentric Joint

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 g s
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Wind Engineering a
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Wind Engineering

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Wind Shielding Coefficient Shape Factor Coefficient

Wind Engineering

Sectional Structural load

test
Wind Climate study
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Wind effect analysis Wind force &

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Areoelastic model study

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SectionalcCladding a Study
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Wind Engineering Study Flowchart
Wind Engineering

- ACCURATELY ASSESS THE WIND LOAD, TO ENSURE STRUCTURAL

SAFETY
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- WIND ENGINEERING STUDY INCLUDE:
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(Wind Climate Study)
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- APPOINTED GUANGDONG PROVINCE
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CLIMATE CENTRE
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o DATA t a
iRECORD FROM 1949-2004 TO
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- COLLECT 167 NUMBERiWIND
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CARRY OUT THE MONTE-CARLO
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Wind Engineering Wind Tunnel Test

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Physiognomy Test
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Sectional models to Full aeroelastic model to

measure wind forces measure wind force
Wind Engineering Wind Tunnel Test
Site Topography Test Maximum loads combination (kN) Graph of Tower Top Deflection
-2.00 -1.00 0.00 1.00 2.00
现场地形地貌试验平均风速剖面 限值H/250
0 2.00
34960000 11
700 338 23
GB50009-2001 326 50000 34
(Cat C) 315 45
600 0 deg 40000 1.68m 45°
304 56
45 deg 30000 1.00

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500 293 68 157.5° 22.5°

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90 deg 20000 1.67m
1.07m

in
281 10000 79
400 135 deg
高度 (m)

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1.56m

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270 0 90
180° 0.00

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180 deg 0°
最大位移1.77m

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300 259 101
225 deg

B
248 113

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200 270 deg 1.70m
202.5°
236 124

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315 deg -1.00
1.68m

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100 225 135 1.12m
315 deg 214 146 225° 1.41m

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203 158

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191 169

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180 247.5°

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0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2
-2.00

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270°
平均风速 , Uz /UR

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Results of Tower Acceleration under Wind
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Limiting Acceleration for the Return
Limiting Value

10 years an 0.255m/s 2 0.30m/s2

5 years 0.155m/s2 0.20m/s2

1 year <0.1m/s2 0.15m/s2

 g s
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Thermal Effect a
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Thermal Effects Simulation Analysis
Tower Structure and
physical property

Build model
Parameter
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Climate data
3D modeling
u i • Climate

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calculation T a t
• Wind speed

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Consideration

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Various of structure temperature H Outdoor temperature
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Consideration
Maximum increaseanof Structure temperature Global warming

analysis

Maximum increase of temperature under

the global warming
Thermal Effects Simulation Analysis

+ 30 0C + 20 0C + 20 0C
- 10 0C - 20 0C
- 20 0C

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Case 1 Temperature increase/
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Case 2 Temperature increase/i Case 3 Temperature increase/
decrease on all structural elements
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decrease on exposure elements decrease on one side
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 g s
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Other Structural B
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 Structural Analysis - Elastic

Results of GSA Results of Sap2000

Period
(Including P-Δ effects) (Including P-Δ effects)

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T1 10.23 10.24
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T2 7.09
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Z

Y X

O GSA Sap2000
Mode 1 Mode 2 Mode 3
model model
Structural Analysis – Overall Buckling

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Columns Rings Bracings

Non-linear Analysis under Severe Earthquake

Results of Outside Tube

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Few columns will reach the plastic
stage under rare earthquake load case
Non-linear Analysis under Severe Earthquake

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The elastro–plastic The elastro–plastic response of
response of Inner core Antenna and Transfer Truss
Joint Design and Analysis

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Damper

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TMD
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Structural Health Monitor

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Anemometer
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Seismograph
Seismic Design – Shaking Table Test

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 g s
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Constructability a
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Segmental Erection of Steelwork
1. Column – one section of length of 8-12
metres including the connecting joint with
ring and diagonal.
2. Diagonal – 8-12 metres long.
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3. Ring – 3-6 metres long
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立柱
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Column
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环构件
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a斜撑n 3
Bracing

The tonnage of the segmental column is limited to 30 tones

maximum for lifting weight reason.
Engineer Envisaged Construction Sequence

Estimated completion in May 2009

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Construction Process – Completed on Schedule

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Construction Process – Completed on Schedule

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高度Height: 610m – 10m = 600m
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航空限高原因，天线桅杆缩短10m.
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12 November, 2010
The 16th Asian Games Openning
Ceremony, Guangzhou, China

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 The Three Tallest
Towers in Guangzhou

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The Zhujiang New Town,
Guangzhou

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