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Dapus Sig Dan Analisis Spasial
Dapus Sig Dan Analisis Spasial
Dapus Sig Dan Analisis Spasial
To determine if the final models adequately accounted for spatial autocorrelation, semivariograms
were created based on the village random intercepts for each given model. Semivariograms
describe how data are related with respect to distance and direction, with a
semivariogram presenting the similarity between observations (semivariance) at different
separation distances. [39] Omni-directional semivariograms based on the village random
intercepts were developed in R using the geoR package.[40] Lack of distinctive spatial patterns
in these semivariograms (S1 Fig) supported that the final models adequately accounted for spatial
clustering at the village level.
Due to the large number of observed zero prevalence data, we additionally fitted zeroinflated
binomial models with invariant probability of zero-inflation. These models have
shown better predictive ability in geostatistical modeling of malaria. [33]. In the present study,
the zero-inflated models did not improve predictions (based on the cross-validated logarithmic
score). Hence, we report results from the binomial models.
Georeferencing of barangays
The unit of analysis was the barangay, the smallest administrative unit in the Philippines. The
mean length of the longest axis of barangays was 11km (SD:10.3). Barangay centroids were estimated
using the geographical information system (GIS) software QuantumGIS (QGIS) version
1.7.3 (QGIS Development Team, 2011). This procedure was based on combined information
from shapefiles of the barangays of the Philippines, which were obtained from the geographic
data warehouses DIVA GIS (www.diva-gis.org/Data) and PhilGIS (www.philgis.org) for the
Philippines. A total of 214 barangays in Luzon, the Visayas and Mindanao were included in the
analysis (Fig 1).