MaSTEC 2017

Review of Passive Fire Protection Materials

Adopted in Hong Kong

Ir Prof. Yuk Lung WONG

DipCE, PhD, FHKIE, RPE, RI

Department of Civil Engineering

Chu Hai College of Higher Education
WHY PASSIVE FIRE PROTECTION
IS SO IMPORTANT TO US?
CONSEQUENCE ON INADEQUACY OF
PASSIVE FIRE PROTECTION

SHANGHAI RETIRED TEACHERS’ QUARTERS FIRE ON 15

NOVEMEBR 2011 TOOK AWAY 53 LIVES AND INJURED 70 PEOPLE
CONSEQUENCE ON INADEQUANCY OF
PASSIVE FIRE PROTECTION

NO. 4 ALARM FIRE AT FA YUEN STREET ON 1 DECEMBER

2011 TOOK AWAY 9 LIVES AND INJURED 34 PEOPLE
Passive fire protection of a building attempts
to contain fires or slow the fire spread, through
the use of fire protection materials forming
fire –resistant walls/partitions, floors, doors,
shutters and etc, in order to maintain the
fundamental requirements of building
compartmentation, structural stability, fire
separation, and safe means of escape.
DIFFERENT PASSIVE FIRE PROTECTION MATERIALS

STEEL

CEMENTITEOUS
MATERIAL
COATING
TIMBER

FABRIC

BOARD GLASS
 THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY

Steel: 30-55 W/(mK)

Concrete: 1.6 W/(mK)
Glass: 1.1 W/(mK)
Brick: 0.5 W/(mK)
Gypsum board: 0.2 W/(mK)
Calcium silicate board: 0.2 W/(mK)
Construction timber: 0.1 W/(mK)
Rockwool: 0.039 W/(mK)
Air: 0.024 W/(mK)
CEMENTITIOUS MATERALS

NORMAL WEIGHT CONCRETE

LIGHTWEIGHT CONCRETE
CEMENTITIOUS MATERALS

to Insulation Criteria of ASTM-E119

Extracted from PCI

Designer's notebook
 CLAY MASONRY

to Insulation Criteria of ASTM-E119

Extracted from Technical Notes on

Brick Construction, Brick Industry
Association, Virginia
to Insulation Criteria of ASTM-E119 Extracted from Technical Notes on
Brick Construction, Brick Industry
Association, Virginia
 COATINGS

VERMICULATE TYPE INTUMESCENT TYPE

EXPANSION AND CARBONIZATION SWELL TO 25-50 TIMES
ORIGINAL THICKNESS AT ABOUT
200 C

FIRE RETARDING
COATING TO CABLES
 TIMBER

CHAR LAYER FORMED AT ABOUT 300 C

THAT RETARDS HEAT PENETRATION

CHARRING RATE ABOUT 0.7MM/MIN

15mm from carbonization, temp is under 100C

TIMBER
STEEL

PROVIDES FIRE RATING IN

INTEGRITY
STEEL
BOARDS

PROVIDE FIRE RATING IN

INTEGRITY AND INSULATION
FIRE RATED FABRIC

PROVIDES FIRE RATING IN

INTEGRITY

COMPOSITE FABRIC PROVIDES FIRE

RATING IN INTEGRITY AND
INSULATION
 INSULATED FIRE SHUTTER UP TO 4 HOURS

FACE CAN TOUCH TO THE UNEXPOSED

FACE OF THE TESTING SAMPLE AT 114 1050 OC INTERNALLY VS 55 OC
MINUTES OF THE FIRE TEST EXTERNALLY
 FIRE RATED GLASS

PROVIDES FIRE RATING IN

INSULATION
NEW FIRE SAFETY CODES IN HONG KONG

SECTION C – FIRE RESISTING

CONSTRUCTION

SECTION E – FIRE PROPERTIES

OF BUILDING ELEMENTS AND
COMPONENTS
 MAJOR CHALLENGES IN
PASSIVE FIRE PROTECTION IN NEW FIRE CODE

❖ INSULATED CRITERIA FOR FIRE SHUTTERS / CURTAINS

❖ SMOKE SEAL FOR FIRE DOORS
❖ NON-COMBUSTIBILITY CRITERIA FOR LININGS OF
PROTECTED EXITS
❖ NON-COMBUSTIBILITY CRITERIA FOR FURNITURE,
EQUIPMENT, REFUSE BINS, ARTIFICIAL PLANTS / SOIL
OF REFUGE FLOORS USING AS COMMUNAL SKY
GARDEN
❖ SMOKE AND FIRE BARRIERS FOR CURTAIN WALLS
 APPLICABLE TESTING STANDARDS FOR
PASSIVE FIRE PROTECTION MATERIALS
FIRE RESISTING PERFORMANCE
BS 476 PART 20 - 24
BS EN 1363 – GENERAL
BS EN 1364 – NON LOAD- BEARING ELEMENTS
BS EN 1365 – LOAD-BEARING ELEMENTS
BS EN 1366 – SERVICE INSTALLATIONS
BS EN 1634 – DOORS, SHUTTER AND WINDOW ASSEMBIES
BS EN 14600, ISO 5925, UL 1784 – SMOKE LEAKAGE
BS ISO 3009 – GLAZED ELEMENTS
BS ISO 10294 – FIRE DAMPER FOR AIR DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
BS EN 13501-2 – FIRE CLASSIFICATION OF CONSTRUCTION
PRODUCTS (FIRE RESISTING RATING)
 APPLICABLE TESTING STANDARDS FOR
PASSIVE FIRE PROTECTION MATERIALS
FIRE REACTION PERFORMANCE
BS 476 PART 4, 6, 7
BS EN 13501-1 – FIRE CLASSIFICATION OF CONSTRUCTION
PRODUCTS (NON-COMBUSTIBILITY)
BS EN ISO 1182 – NON-COMBUSTIBILITY
BS EN ISO 1716 – HEAT OF COMBUSTION
BS EN 13823 – SINGLE BURNING ITEMS
BS EN 13238 – SELECTION OF SUBSTRATES
BS EN ISO 11925 - IGNITABILITY
PERFORMANCE CRITERIA FOR
PASSIVE FIRE PROTECTION MATERIALS
FIRE RESISTING PERFORMANCE
❖ STABILITY (R)
❖ INTEGRITY (E)
❖ INSULATION (I )
❖ RADIATION (W)
FIRE REACTION PERFORMANCE
❖ NON COMBUSTIBLITY
❖ IGNITABILITY
❖ RATE OF SURFACE FLAME
SPREAD
PROBLEMS IN PASSIVE FIRE PROTECTION
TIMBER CONSTRUCTION OF HERITAGE
BUILDING

TIMBER STAIRCASE

TIMBER FLOOR
 SOLUTIONS TO CURRENT PROBLEMS
FIRE RESISTING COATING SYSTEM FOR TIMBER

Intumescent Paints to enhance

integrity rating
 SOLUTIONS TO CURRENT PROBLEMS
FIRE RESISTING BARRIER FOR TIMBER FLOOR

Intumescent Blanket
PROBLEMS IN PASSIVE FIRE PROTECTION
DEFICIENCIES ON FIRE DOOR
 SOLUTIONS TO CURRENT PROBLEMS
INTUMESCENT SEALS FOR FIRE DOOR
IRONMONGERIES

Intumescent
Liner, strip,
grilles
SOLUTIONS TO CURRENT PROBLEM
SMOKE SEALS FOR FIRE DOOR

BS EN 1634-3 SMOKE LEAKAG E TEST:

1. AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (Sa) – EQUIVALENT
TO BS 476 PART 31.1
2. MEDIUM TEMPERATURE @ 200OC (Sm)
 PROBLEMS ON NON-COMBUSTIBILITY
CRITERIA FOR WALL AND FLOOR LININGS

European Classification British Standard Equivalent

BS EN 13501-1:2007 BS 476 : Parts 4 and 7
A1 Non-combustible
A2 Limited combustibility
B 0
C 1
D 3
E 4
F Unclassifiable or
no performance determined

SOLUTION :
USE OF FIRE RETARDANT PAINT TO ACHIEVE REQUIRED RATING
PROBLEMS IN PASSIVE FIRE PROTECTION
FLOOR/ WALL PENETRATION OF
BUILDING SERVICES
 SOLUTIONS TO CURRENT PROBLEMS
INTUMESCENT SEALS FOR BUILDING SERVICES

Intumescent Pipe Cover,

Sleeves
 SOLUTIONS TO CURRENT PROBLEMS
INTUMESCENT SEALS FOR BUILDING SERVICES
 SOLUTIONS TO CURRENT PROBLEMS
INTUMESCENT SEALS FOR BUILDING SERVICES
PROBLEMS IN PASSIVE FIRE PROTECTION
FIRE CONTAINMENT OF ELECTRIC CABLES
IN OLD BUILDINGS
 SOLUTIONS TO CURRENT PROBLEMS
FIRE COATING SYSTEM FOR ELECTRIC CABLES

Fire Protection
Coating giving a
longer period of
operation in a
fire
 SOLUTIONS TO CURRENT PROBLEMS
INTUMESCENT ELECTRIC BOXES / METERS

Electric Cover
Unit with
Intumescent
Lining
PROBLEMS IN PASSIVE FIRE PROTECTION
WEAK POINT IN FIRE RATED PARTITIONS
 SOLUTIONS TO
CURRENT PROBLEMS
INTUMESCENT GASKETS
FOR ELECTRIC FITTINGS
PARTITION
SOLUTIONS TO FIRE RATED CEILING
FIRE RATED TENT FOR DOWNLIGHTS AND AIR CONDITIONERS
PROBLEMS IN PASSIVE FIRE PROTECTION
LIMITED CAPABILTIES OF METAL FIRE
SHUTTERS
SOLUTIONS TO CURRENT PROBLEMS
FIRE AND SMOKE CURTAIN

SMOKE AND FIRE CURTAIN

❖ LIGHT WEIGHT AND SLIM

❖ GREAT SPAN AND DROP
❖ FAIL SAFE
❖ FREE CORNER POSTS
❖ SPLIT DROP DELAY
❖ PROVISION OF ESCAPE
❖ UP TO 4 HOURS INTREGRITY
AND INSULATION
 PROBLEMS IN PASSIVE FIRE PROTECTION:
POTENTIAL INCOMPLETED FIRE SEPARATION
OF PRECASTED CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION
SOLUTIONS TO CURRENT PROBLEMS
FIRE RATED EXPANSION JOINT

Intumescent Joint Strip

 SOLUTIONS TO SMOKE AND FIRE SEALS FOR
CURTAIN WALL

Intumescent Strip
PROBLEMS IN PASSIVE FIRE PROTECTION
LIMITED SIZE AND FUNCTIONS
OF FIRE RATED GLAZING SYSTEM
 SOLUTIONS TO CURRENT PROBLEMS
BUTT JOINT FOR FIRE RATED GLAZING SYSTEM
SOLUTIONS TO CURRENT PROBLEMS
FIRE RATED GLAZED FLOOR

❖ INTERFIRE
❖ INTERFLAM
❖ PYROCET
❖ PYROBELITE
❖ PYROBEL
APPLICATION OF PASSIVE FIRE PROTECTION
IN PERFORMANCE FIRE ENGINEERING DESIGN

❖ APPLICATION OF FIRE RESISTING

COATING TO TIMBER CABINETS
FOR REDUCTION OF FIRE LOADS

❖ USE OF FIRE AND SMOKE

CURTAIN FOR PROVISION OF
FIRE SEPARATION
 SOLUTION TO TEMPORARY FIRE SEPARATION
WITH FABRIC FIRE RATED PARTITIONING SYSTEM

FOR EASY PENETRATION OF

BUILDING SERVICES
 THANK YOU

FOR ENQUIRY, PLEASE CONTACT

Ir Prof. Y.L. WONG

AT

MOBILE : 64969170
EMAIL : ylwong@chuhai.edu.hk