Chapter 1 : Relations

1. A relation connects elements in set A (domain) to elements in set B

(codomain) according to the definition of the relation.
2. Relation can be represented in 3 forms:
a. Ordered pair
b. Arrow diagram
c. Graph
 Relation – Domain and Codomain
Domain and Codomain

1. In the relation between one set and another, the first set is known as
the domain and the second set is known as the codomain.
2. Elements in the domain is called objects, whereas elements in the codomain
mapped to the objects is called the image.
3. Elements in the codomain not mapped to the objects are not the image.
4. All images in codomain can be written as a set known as range.

Example:

Domain = {3, 4, 5}
Codomain = {7, 9, 12, 15}
Range = {9, 12, 15}

[Note: 7 is not an image because it is not mapped to any object].

3 is the object of 9, 12 and 15.

4 is the object of 12.
5 is the object of 15.

9, 12 and 15 are the images of 3.

12 is the image of 4.
15 is the image of 5.
Types of Relation

Relation can be classified into 4 types:

1. One-to-one relation
2. Many-to-one relation
3. One-to-many relation
4. Many-to-many relation

Function

1. A function is a relation in which every element in the domain has a unique

image (exactly one) in the codomain.
2. One-to-one relation and many-to-one relation are examples of a special kind
of relation which we call function.
 Notation of Function

As shown in figure above, for a function f:X→Y , each element x in the domain X
has a unique image y in the codomain Y.

The function can be written as:

y=f(x)
or
f:x ↦ f(x)
1. For y=f(x) , we say y is a function of x.
2. f(x) is also called the value of the function f at x.
3. f(x) is read as "f of x".

Example:
Given the function f:x↦5x+1 , find the value of
a. f(2)
b. f(−3)
2
c. f( )
5
Answer: