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Health & Safety Risk Assessment

Guidelines for Wineries
 Table of Contents

1. Introduction…………………………………………………………………………..1

2. Definitions…………………………………………………………………………… 2

3. Health & Safety Risk Assessment Method……………………………………….3

1. Introduction

These guidelines summarize the procedure to be followed when conducting and

annual health and safety risk assessment. This methodology is suitable for the
assessment of most work tasks. It is not suited to the assessment of complex
processing activities. These are assessed using alternative methods such as
Hazard and Operability Studies (HAZOP) or Failure Mode Effect Analysis
(FMEA).

The risk assessment methodology covers all OH&S related hazards. Some
legislation, standards and guidance require more detailed risk assessment for
specific hazards. The following list (non exhaustive) of specific hazards should
be included in the risk assessment however they may also require a more
detailed assessment:
Manual Handling- Manual Handling Risk Assessment
Chemicals- Chemical Use Risk Assessment
DSE / VDU - Display Screen Equipment / Visual Display Unit
Noise- Noise Risk Assessment
Dusts- Atmospheric Hygiene Assessment
Explosive Atmospheres Assessment
Occupational Health- Occupational Health Risk Assessment (GRMS)
Machinery- Machinery Risk Assessment
Fire- Fire Risk Assessment
Ergonomics- Ergonomic Risk Assessment
Legionella Risk Assessment
Process Equipment Risk Assessment (HAZOP)
Lightning Risk Assessment
Work at Heights Risk Assessment
Wellbeing Risk Assessment
FLT Risk Assessment

The guidelines have been developed using the following publications:

 BS 8800:2004 Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems

Guide
 Boyle, T., (2002) Health and Safety Risk Management, IOSH
  HSE, (1997) HSG65 Successful Health and Safety Management
 HSE, (2006) INDG163 5 Steps to risk assessment

The risk assessment should be reviewed and updated on an annual basis or due
to changes in a process, activity, organization or equipment changes. The risk
assessment should also be reviewed if an incident investigation highlights that the
risk has not been appropriately assessed.

2. Definitions

Hazard

Source or situation with a potential for harm (in terms of human injury, ill health or
a combination of these).

Risk

Combination of the likelihood and consequence of a specified hazardous event.

A risk always has two components:

a. The likelihood of a hazardous event.

b. the consequences of the event

Where health is concerned the consequence of a hazardous event may be based

on a number of events. E.g. repeated exposure to noise on separate occasions
may cause noise induced hearing loss.

Risk Assessment

Process of identifying hazards and evaluating the risks to health and safety
arising from these hazards whilst taking account of the existing risk controls.

(For planned activities evaluate risk by taking account of the proposed risk
controls.)

Risk Controls

Workplace precautions, for example physical safe guards, containment of

airborne contaminants, safe systems of work, training / competency and personal
protective equipment. When proposing risk controls to mitigate a hazard due
consideration should be given to the hierarchy of control:

- First:- If practical eliminate hazard altogether

- Second:- Try to reduce the risk at source
- Third:- Reduce the risk through procedures
 - Fourth:- Reduce the risk by providing PPE

3. Health and Safety Risk Assessment Method

The 5 steps to risk assessment are:

9 Determine work activities

10 Identify hazards
11 Identify current risk controls
12 Assess the risk
13 Specify actions to reduce the risk

Risk assessment should be conducted by competent people with practical

knowledge of the work activities. Risk assessment should be conducted by small
teams of individuals who have been trained in the risk assessment methodology.
The teams will need access to OHS specialists to conduct the assessment.

3 a. Determine work activities

Work activities are listed in a workshop session by considering normal every-day

activities and other non-routine activities such as infrequent maintenance tasks,
contractor activities and home-working. It is important to consider different
operational modes of the activity i.e. normal use, change over or CIP. Work
activities can be classified in three ways:

14 Geographical areas
15 Stages in the production process
16 A combination of a. and b. above

To obtain the necessary level of detail for risk assessment it will be necessary to
decompose activities into tasks, see example below.

Process / Area: Bottling line

Activity: Automatic labeling machine
Tasks: Replenish labels
Bottle size change-over
Conduct Autonomous Maintenance
Replenish liquid glue
Relieve blockages
Operate machine
Clean machine & parts

In order to identify the hazards associated with a task those conducting the risk
assessment should have an understanding of the following:
17 The duration, frequency
18 Scope for hazardous interaction with other activities
19 Who carries out the tasks
20 Others who are affected by the task (maintenance, cleaners, contractors)
21 Existing procedures relating to execution of the task
22 Permit-to work systems in place
23 Manufacturers instructions (in the case of work equipment)
24 Substances / Chemicals used
25 The weight / size / shape of materials manually handled during the task
26 Accident / incident records relating to the task

For certain unplanned tasks e.g. the repair of a burst pipe, it is unlikely that this
task would have been risk assessed using this methodology as its occurrence
would not have been anticipated by the risk assessment team. These activities are
risk assessed in a different manner. If the task is being completed by a contractor
it should be risk assessed in the task specific method statement prepared by the
contractor prior to commencement of works. In other instances a permit to work
checklist forms the basis of a risk assessment.

3 b. Identify Hazards

Identify the hazards associated with each task. When identifying the hazards
consider the following:

Is there a source of harm?

Who or what could be harmed?
How could harm occur?

Consider the following physical, chemical, biological & psychological hazards (not
exhaustive):

PHYSICAL

Slippery or uneven ground leading to slips / falls

Work at heights leading to falls
Equipment falling from a height causing injury
Inadequate space e.g. low headroom leading to head injury
Poor ergonomics leading to RSI
Manual handling leading to back injury
Moving parts causing trapping /entanglement injuries
Hot surfaces or substances causing burns e.g. glue / steam
Poor housekeeping leading to fire
Ionizing radiation leading to health effects
Violence to staff
Harmful energy sources e.g. electricity, pneumatic energy, compressed air,
hydraulic energy
Noise leading to hearing defects
Confined spaces with hazardous atmospheres

BIOLOGICAL

Inhalation, ingestion or contact with bodily fluids causing illness

CHEMICAL

Inhalation, ingestion, contact with a chemical which causes injury

PSYCHOLOGICAL

Workplace stress leading to health issues

Physical violence leading to injury

The list above is by no way exhaustive and should only be used to guide thinking.
Care must be taken to ensure all other hazardous scenarios are documented.

3 c. Identify current risk controls

For each identified hazard existing control measures should be specified.

3 d. Determine the Risk

Risk is determined by estimating the potential severity of harm and the likelihood
harm will occur for a given hazard. To estimate the severity of harm consider:

How the person is likely to be affected?

What harm will result?

Severity of harm is categorized into the following levels, see table overleaf:

Harm Category Low Medium High

Health Nuisance and irritation, Partial hearing loss, Acute fatal diseases, severe
temporary ill health leading dermatitis, asthma, WRULD, life shortening diseases,
to discomfort ill health leading to permanent substantial
permanent minor disability disability
Safety Superficial injuries, minor Lacerations, burns, Fatal injuries, amputations,
cuts and bruises, eye concussion, serious sprains, multiple injuries, major
irritation from dust minor fractures fractures

Next consider the likelihood that a hazardous event actually results in harm.

Likelihood is categorized into the following levels:

Likelihood of Harm Category Low Medium High

Typical Occurrence Typically experienced once Typically experienced once Typically experienced at
during the lifetime of an every five years by an least once every six months by
individual individual an individual

Risk level is estimated using the business risk footprint below.

(D) medium (G) high (I) CR

I TI
HIGH CA
L
SEVERITY

(B) low (E) medium (H) high

MEDIUM

(A) low (C) low (F) medium

LOW

LIKELIHOOD
LOW MEDIUM HIGH

3 e. Specify Control Measures

Control measures are specified for each hazard along with owners and completion
dates. Control measures should reduce the hazard to an acceptable risk level.
The table below should be considered in determining the level of action required to
mitigate a given hazard.
Risk Level MATRIX SECTOR ACTION REQUIRED

LOW A, B, C No additional controls required unless they can be implemented

with minimal effort in terms of cost and human resource. Actions to
mitigate these hazards are low priority.

MEDIUM D, E, F Action is required to move this hazard to a lower risk level. These
actions should be progressed within one month.

HIGH G, H, I Substantial efforts should be made to reduce the risk.

Consideration should be given to suspending the activity until
additional controls have been implemented. These actions
should be progressed within one week.