Metode Pelaksanaan

danAlat Berat

02
Modul ke:

METODE PELAKSANAAN
PADA TANAH DAN SALURAN

Fakultas
Teknik

Program Studi
B. DETTY KUSSUMARDIANADEWI, ST, MT
Teknik Sipil
 Purpose of Dewatering
 During construction stage:-
dry excavation

 proceed efficiently

 Reduce lateral loads

 Improve characteristics of foundation materials

 Increase stability of slopes and side-hill fills

Prevent piping and frost heaving in pavements

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 Purpose of Dewatering
 Post construction stage :-

 Reduce uplift pressures on bottom slabs

Reduce lateral pressures on retaining structures

Control embankment seepage in all dams

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Factors Controlling Selection

 Nature and Permeability of Ground

 Geologic conditions of soil

 Extent of area to be Dewatered

 Depth of Water table below ground level

 Amount by which it has to be lowered

 Proposed methods ofand ground support

excavation

 Proximity of existing structure

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 Permeability of Soil
Soil Permeability Relative Permeability
Coefficient(k)(cm/sec)

Coarse gravel Exceeds 10^-1 High

Clean sand 10^-1 to 10^-3 Medium

Dirty sand 10^-3 to 10^-5 Low

Silt 10^-5 to 10^-7 Very low

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Clay Less than 10^-7 Impervious

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 Methods of Dewatering

 Surface water control

 Sump pumping
 Wellpoint systems with suction
pumps.
Ejector system
 Ground freezing
 Deep (bored) wells with pumps.

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Sump Pumping

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Sump Pumping

 What is Sump?

 Slope

 Pump

 Fines

 Lined 13
14
Advantages of Open Sump and Ditches
 Widely used method
 Most economical method for installation and
maintenance
 Can be applied for most soil and rock
conditions
 Most appropriate where boulders or massive
obstructions are met with in the ground

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Disadvantages of Open Sump and Ditches
Due to more flow of GW towards excavation risk
of collapse of sides occurs.

In open or timbered excavations there is risk

of instability of the base due to seepage towards
pumping sump.

Note:- Greatest depth to which the water table can

be lowered by this method is about 8 m below the
pump.

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Cross section of a typical well-point system
Cross section of a typical well-point system
 Perforated Well
 Material

 Sandy

 Foot – Orifice

 Series of Closely Placed

 Dimension

 Spacing

 Construction steps
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Well point arrangement
1919
19
 Well point arrangement

soil spacing
Silty sand 1.5-2.0
Sandy gravel 1.0-1.5

Fine to coarse 0.5-1.0

gravel 20
Single Stage Well-point system
21

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Multi - Stage Well Point System
22

22
Multi - Stage Well Point System

2323
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 Advantages of Well point System
 Installation is very rapid
 Requires reasonably simple and less costly
equipment
 Water is filtered hence not carries soil
particles.

 There is less danger of subsidence of the

surrounding
ground than with open-sump pumping
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Disadvantages of Well point System
A lowering of about 6 m is possible,
beyond which excessive air required,
resulting in the loss of pumping efficiency.

If large gravel, stiff clay or soil containing

boulders is available then it is not possible
to install well points.

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Eductor Well
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Pump
 Eductor Well
 Vacuum / Ejector

 Control pore pressure

 Fine soil

 Extract GW , Generate vacuum

 Drainage system

 Working
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28
 Advantages of Eductor Well
 They are flexible in level and layout
 Stable in operation
 Able to run dry without damage

 Not limited by depth. Also effective to greater

depths

 Best in low-yielding wells

 Energy intensive

 Venturi in base of well creates vacuum 29

 Ground Freezing

Figure – Formation of frozen earth barrier in different soils 30

31
 Pipes prior to freezing

Following initiation of freeze

Closure of frozen earth wall

Complete frozen earth wall 32

Deep Well

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 Deep Well
Greater than 8m

Pump

Size

Perforated as well as Imperforated pipe - Material

Suitability

Artesian water

Chance of settlement
 Pumping capacity (3000 to 60,000 gallons/min)
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 Summery of dewatering methods

Method Suitability
Gravel or well graded sandy gravel, partially cemented
Sump pumping material , porous rock formation etc

Sandy soil
Well point systems Drawdown limit 15 ft

Fine sand condition

Ejector system Dewater up to depth of 100 ft

groundwater cutoff, stabilization of earth for tunnel

Ground freezing excavation,
arrest landslides and to stabilize mineshafts
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Artesian water
Deep (bored) wells Pumping capacity (3000 to 60,000
gallons/min) Dewater up to depth of 300 ft
 DEWATERING AND GROUNDWATER
CONTROL(HQ.DEPARTMENTS OF ARMY,
AIR FORCE, NAVY WASHINGTON)
 Construction Dewatering and Ground
Freezing (University of Washington)
DAFTAR PUSTAKA

 DEWATERING AND GROUNDWATER

CONTROL(HQ.DEPARTMENTS OF ARMY, AIR FORCE,
NAVY WASHINGTON)
 Construction Dewatering and Ground
Freezing (University of Washington)
 Terima Kasih
B. DETTY KUSSUMARDIANADEWI, ST, MT