CONTENTS

Chapter TitlePage

I. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Status of agricultural mechanization in India
1.2 JUSTIFICATION

1.3 Sprayer
1.4 Description of Agriculture Sprayers
1.5 Agricultural Sprayers
1.6 BasicComponentsofSprayer

II. LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Spraying Methods:

2.1.1 Backpack (knapsack) sprayer :
2.1.2 Lite-Trac:
2.1.3 Motorcycle driven Spraying
2.1.4 Quadcopter Based Pesticide Spraying
2.1.5 Drone Mounted Sprayer
2.1.6 Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Sprayer

2.1.7 Solar Operated Sprayer

 2.2 Attachments of sprayer: Weeders

2.2.1 Exact definition

2.2.2 Weeding or Weed control

2.2.3 Effects on other plants

2.2.4 Methods of Weed Control

i. Manually pulling weeds

ii. Boiling water

iii. Vinegar

iv. Mechanically tilling around plants

v. Ploughing

vi. Crop rotation

III METHODS AND METHODOLOGY

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Objectives

3.3 Spraying technology

3.3.1 High volume spraying

3.3.2 Low volume spraying
3.3.3 Ultra low volume spraying
 3.3.4 Electrostatic Pesticide Spraying System

3.4 Parameters affecting spraying

3.4.1 Spray drift

3.5 Drift Management

IV EXPERIMANTAL DISCUSSION

4.1 Brief Description of Model

4.2 Working
4.3 Detailed Description
4.3.1 Reciprocating pump
4.3.2 Connecting link
4.3.3 Nozzles
4.3.4 Wheel
4.3.5 Crank

V RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

5.1 Selection Of Reciprocating Pump

5.2 SPECIFICATIONS
5.3 TESTING OF MACHINE
VI SUMMARY AND SUGGESTIONS
6.1 Advantages

6.2 Dis Advantages

VII CONCLUSION & REFERENCE

7.1 CONCLUSION

7.2 REFERENCES
 LIST OF TABLES

Table Title page no.

1 Specifications of Machine

2 Testing Results
 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure Title Page

1 Sprayer

2 Backpack Type sprayer

3 Lite-Trace Sprayer

4 Motorcycle driven sprayer

5 Aerial Sprayer

6 Drone Mounted Sprayer

7 Unmaned Aerial Vehicle Sprayer

8 Solar Operated Sprayer

9 Manualy pulling Weed

10 Mechanically Tilling Around Plants

11 Ploughing

12 Boom Type Electrostatic Sprayer

13 Practical Model
14 Reciprocating pump

15 Connecting Link

16 Nozzle

17 Wheel
18 Crank Mechanism

19 Working Model Of Agriculture Pesticide Sprayer

LIST OF SYMBOLS

% Percentage
OC Degree Celsius

Rs Indian Rupees

a.i. Active ingredient

Cc Cubic centimeter

Db Dry basis

Fed Fadden (Egyptian unit for area)

Fig. Figure

H Hour

Ha Hectare

ha/h Hectare per hour

Ha/day Hectare per day

Hp Horse Power

Kg Kilogram

Kg/h Kilogram per hour

Kg/ha Kilogram per hectare

Km Kilometer

Km/h Kilometer per hour

kN Kilo Newton

L Liter
 L/h Liter per hour

Mm Millimeter

m2 Meter square

MJ/ha Mega Joule per hectare

m/sec Meter per second

N Namibian Dollar

No. Number

US$ US Dollars

T Ton

q/ha Quintal per hectare

 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

Abstr: Abstract

Agril: Agricultural

AMA : Agricultural Mechanization in Asia Africa & Latin America

BI : Knife cum peg type blade

82 : L-shaped cross blade

63 : Circular blade

84 : Cross shape blade

cc : cubic centimeter

CCS :ChoudharyCharan Singh

CD : Critical difference

CG : Chhattisgarh

CIAE : Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering

cm : centimeter

DAS : Days after sowing

db : dry basis

Dept : Department
DF : Degree of freedom

Dist : District

Dr.P.D.K. V. : Doctor PanjabraoDeshmukhKrishiVidyapith

Engg : Engineering

et al. :etalibi (and others)

FAE : Faculty of Agricultural Engineering

Fig : Figure

h : hour

ha : hectare

hp : Horse power

Hz : Hertz

ICAR : Indian Council of Agricultural Research

i,e. : that is

IIT Indian Institute of Technology

ISAE : Indian Society of Agricultural Engineers

J : Journal

JNKVV : Jawaharlal Nehru KrishiVishwavidhyalaya

kg : kilogram

km : kilometer

kW : kilowatt

L : liter

m : meter

MJ : Mega Joule

ml : milliliter

mm : millimeter
M.P. : Madhya Pradesh

M.S. : Mean square, Mild steel

N : Newton

NEH : North Eastern Hill

NS : Not significant

Pestic : Pesticide

P.I. : Performance Index

Res. : Research

RNAM : Regional Network for Agricultural Machines

rpm : revolutions per minute

s :second

Sci. : Science

SS : Sum of squares

S.V. : Source of variation

Symp. : Symposium

TNAU :Tamilnadu Agricultural University