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Title

Automated Two size ice crushing machine

INTRODUCTION

Ice is water that has been frozen into ice. Typically shape into a cube, due to

its composition a brittle solid or a visco-elastic ductile material ice can be crushed

finely and coarsely. Crushed ice has more area needed than ice in a cube shape.

Consequently it will cool things more quickly. It is also useful for packing around

a drum when making ice cream.

These diamonds of crushed ice are perfect for making smoothies, juice and

cocktails or blend in a milkshake for extra thickness or use to chill food and

drinks, add a special touch with the countless use for crushed ice though the

drink will also get watery more quickly. Restaurants, hotels and hospitals have

special machine that churn crush ice out as if you can bought a crush ice in a

most major supermarket , cash and carry’s and in some local shops, you can

make it at home by using machines or appliances for crushing ice that you need.

Some businesses manufactured and supply of tube, crushed and block ice.

One of them is Entrepreneur Philippines a manufacturer and supplier of tube,

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crushed and block ice catering to the top malls and convenience stores in Metro

Manila. They have been 30 years, supplying premium ice cubes to their partners

SM Megamall, Goldilocks, KFC, Manila Peninsula Hotel, EDSA Shangrila Hotel,

And 7-Eleven and more. They supplied and deliver to establishments in Metro

Manila for the price of PHP.160.00 (50kg) per sack of tube ice and PHP.16.00

(5kg) per bag of crushed ice.

Crushed ice is a lot uses that will satisfy to your daily needs at affordable price

and easily to buy. The ice is an important ingredient or substance for making our

perishables fresh. Moreover, this project will focus on the small scale design and

prototype of the machine that will crush ice in easy and quick way.

Background of the problem

The ice trade also known as the frozen water trade, the trade was started by

Frederic Tudor in 1806 a New England entrepreneur. At 19 th century and early

20th century industry, centering on the east coast of the United States and

Norway, involving the large scale harvesting, transport and sale of natural ice,

and that time the making and sale of artificial ice, for their domestic consumption

and commercial purposes. Ice was cut from the surface of ponds and streams,

and then stored in ice houses, before being sent on by ship, barge or railroad to

its final destination around the world. Ice Trade revolutionized the US meat,
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vegetable and fruit industries, enabled significant growth in the fishing industry,

and encouraged the introduction of a range of new drinks and food.

Ice trade era because these era a large demand of ice for a lot of perishables

a small scale Ice Crusher designed to support specialized 19th century drinks and

wines. Ice milk also popular and German lager. Traditionally drunk chilled also

used ice. There more distinct differences in 19th century American and European

attitudes to adding ice directly to drinks, based on Europeans regarding this is an

unpleasant habit. Some Hindus in India regarded ice as an unclean for religious

reason and an inappropriate to ate as food.

Large scale of Ice Cream production also resulted from the ice trade. Ice

cream had been produce in small quantities since at least at the 17th century but

this depended both on having large quantities of ice available, and a substantial

amount of labor to manufacture it. Using ice to freeze ice cream relies both on

the application of salt to ice mixture and serve as a coolant to the ice cream by

producing a cooling effect. This ice mixture produce the light texture associated

with ice cream.

Blueice Inc. a Philippine base company supply over 100 metric tons of tube

ice and crushed ice daily in 40 years in the Philippine industries and consumer

markets. The company prides itself in knowing that ice products they produce

have been always use to help a lot of people by keeping their perishables fresh
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Their packaged ice products are 100% hygienic and are usually used by

establishments that require edible, cold preserving products.

The Bluice Inc. used purified water for their ice. The water passes through a

stringent filtration and disinfection process. The final stage of the filtration they

using a UV disinfection to eradicate any bacteria present in the water. The

resulting ice product has no off taste in order to the safety and satisfaction of

their consumer.

Theoretical Foundations

The researcher applies the principle of Machine Design, Strength of Materials

and Chemistry to decide and achieve the best parameter for designing and

fabricating the automated two size ice crushing machine.

Problem Statement

General Problem

What kind of machine can crush a large size of ice in a quick way?

Specific Problem

1. What is the size capacity of ice the machine can crushed?

2. What is the time needed in to crush a block of ice?

3. What are the products that use crushed ice?

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4. What are the average sizes for the two result product of crushed ice machine?

5. How finely crushed ice can the machine can do?

Statement of the Objective

This study aimed to fabricate a machine that will crushed ice automatically

that result in two different sizes product of crushed ice accordance to the needs

of consumer, in a process that safe and easy way.

Specific Objectives

1. To determine the other important uses of crushed ice.

2. To determine the buying and selling price of ice when it turns to a crush ice per

pack.

3. To determine the time to crush a block of ice in a second.

4. To enumerate the materials or parts needed to fabricate the automated two

size ice crushing machine.

5. To determine the possible price of the parts needed to fabricate this machine.

6. To determine the power consumption of the machine when crushing a block of

ice.
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7. To determine the safety hazards needed when the machine is operational.

8. To know the potential help of this machine in the industry.

Significance of the Research

This Automated coarse and fine Ice Crushing Machine is design to crush the

ice in two sizes that appropriate for the uses of the consumers that will benefit

the following.

Ice Cream Vendors- The machine can help the ice cream makers for crushing

the blocks of ice coarsely in safely and easily procedure. The crushed ice will put

to the outside of the soft serve container to make it flange.

Bar and Restaurants- This business used a lot of ice for their cocktails, juices,

shakes and other cooled drinks. Ice can add an aesthetic effect for the drinks

they sold.

The Market Vendors- For the fishes and meats and vegetables they sold to

slowly the product spoilage or decay in a day of selling in the market by using a

coarsely crushed ice.

Medical Centre’s- Immediate first aid use for strains, sprains and decent

bruises, to the lump especially for the children playing when accidentally it

happen.
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Chapter II

RELATED LITERATURES AND STUDIES

The purpose of this chapter is to study the parameters that are involved in

designing the automated fine and coarse ice crusher machine. The scope of the

project is based on the objectives that are stated in the first chapter. The relevant

subjects are studied to be used as a guide for this project. This chapter is also

focus on the principle operation of ice crusher machine. A few examples of the

existing ice crusher machines will be studies in order to design the ice crusher

machine.

Related Literatures

Ramfauzan Bin Ramlee (2006), the forms of the ice commonly can be divided

into three categories. Ice block, ice tube and the ice flake. The purpose is to

serve as cold drink and beverage applications.

The traditional form of ice is the ice block. It is formed in the can which the

dimension and temperature is usually selected to give a freezing period of

between 8 and 24 hours. Rapid freezing results in brittle ice. The weight can vary

from 12 to 150 kg, depending on requirements. The thicker the block ice would

result of longer freezing time. Blocks ice of less than 150 mm thick are easily
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broken and a thickness of 150 to 170 mm is preferable to prevent the block

toppling. The size of the tank required is related to the daily production. Block ice

are still in use for many applications. With an appropriate ice crushing machine,

the ice block can be reduced to any particle size without the guarantee of

uniformity in size. In some situations, ice block may also be reduced in size by a

manually picking the ice block using an ice-pick.

Another shape of ice is the ice tube. It is formed on the inner surface of

vertical tubes and is produced in the form of small hollow cylinders of about 50 x

50 mm with a wall thickness of 10 to 12 mm. The ice tube plant arrangement is

similar to a shell. The condenser with water on the inside of the tubes and the

refrigerant will fill the space between the tubes. The machine is operated

automatically on a time cycle and the tubes of ice are released by a hot gas

defrost process. As the ice drops from the tubes a cutter chops the ice into

suitable lengths, nominally 50 mm. However, the size can be adjustable. Ice tube

is usually stored in the form it is harvested, but the particle size is rather large

and unsuitable for use with fish. The discharge system from the plant therefore

incorporates an ice crusher which can be adjusted to give an ice particle size to

suit the customer's requirement.

Ice flake is formed on one face of a refrigerated vertical plate and released by

running water on the other face to defrost it. The optimum ice thickness is usually
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10 to 12 mm and the particle size is variable. An ice breaker is required to break

the ice into a suitable size for storage and use.

Traditional Ice Block Crusher

The traditional method to crush the block ice is shown in Figure. The body is

made from wood and the blade is made from metal. The ice block holder also

made from the wood. The ice is hold by using nails that being punch through the

ice holder. The operator pushes the ice block on the machine body where the

blade is located at an angle direction and the ice block is sliced to produce ice

flakes. The blade is adjusted by using hammer. However, the size of the ice

block must be adjusted to fit the width of the ice holder.

Figure 2.1

Manual Ice Block Crusher

The ice block crusher machine as in Figure 2.2 is popular for home use and

small businesses. The body is made from cast steel. For crushing the ice block, a
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single blade is positioned at the copper holder. The blade is fixed in angle

position and can be adjusted manually. Gears are fixed within the body to

transfer the motion from the rotation of spindle by user to the ice holder. The ice

holder is in vertically position and is rotated in counter clockwise to give some

force to the ice block. The blade then crushes the rotation of the ice block and

reduces it into small particle ice.

Figure 2.2

Motorized Ice Block Crusher

The development of the manual ice block crusher machine produced a

new method of the same concepts that is a motorized one. Two pulleys are

fixed in the shafts of the ice holder and the electric motor. Production of the

small particles of the ice becomes much faster and the quantity of the ice

flakes is increased. Therefore, it becomes popular for the medium size

business and shows in Figure 2.3.

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Figure 2.3

Related Studies

Analysis of compressive ice failure and ice crushing dynamics during

medium-scale indentation tests

Birajdar, Pranav Rajshekhar (2017), Medium-scale laboratory tests have been

carried out with an aim to improve the understanding of compressive ice failure

phenomena and links between the formation of high-pressure zones and the

occurrence of ice-induced structural vibrations under controlled conditions. The

tests presented in this thesis focus on the indentation of ice using a single

spherical indenter mounted on rigid and compliant indentation systems. Fifteen

indentation tests were performed to investigate the effects of ice temperature,

indenter size and structural feedback on ice failure processes associated with
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high-pressure zone formation and evolution during dynamic ice crushing tests. It

was observed that ice at warm temperatures was more prone to ductile type

failure with lower, less dynamic pressures.

Ice crushing system

Jerold M. Visin (2016), the invention ice crushing system for a refrigeration unit

employed in connection with selectively dispensing cubed or crushed ice through

a dispenser in a household refrigerator. More particularly, the invention is directed

to changing the consistency of the crushed ice from coarse to fine. The invention

finds specific application to an ice crushing system having multiple sets of

interleaved blades. The consistency function is specifically achieved in accordance

with the invention by providing a series of raised projections or protrusions on one

or more faces of select ones of the blades. With this arrangement, the spacing

between the interleaved blades is reduced and a finer consistency of crushed ice

can be established.

In one form of the invention, the ice crushing system includes both fixed and

rotating blade sets. When crushed ice is desired, the rotating blades are

interposed between the fixed blades. Without altering the basic drive

arrangement for the ice crushing system, the invention provides the raised

protrusions on one of the sets of blades. For instance, in one embodiment, raised

circular protrusions are provided at spaced positions on faces of the fixed crusher
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blades to establish tighter spacing’s or gaps between the fixed and rotating

blades to allow the finer consistency of the crushed ice.

Brief description in the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a front elevational view of a side-by-side refrigerator incorporating the

ice crushing system of the invention.

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FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional view of a portion of the ice crushing system of

FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 is a top view mainly of interleaved blades of the ice crushing system of

FIG. 2
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According to (R. Gagnon 2010) a numerical model for ice crushing has been

constructed that takes into account the physical processes identified in many

experimental studies. These include the presence and evolution of high-pressure

and low-pressure zones, the rapid removal of ice through melting, and the

transformation of relatively intact ice (high-pressure zone material) to low-

pressure pulverized ice through the creation and shattering of spalls. The model

produces cyclic sawtooth load events and pressure distributions that are roughly

characteristic of observed ice behavior. The visual and quantitative results

suggest that the physical principles incorporated in the model are correct. While

still in the early stages of development, with refinements the model has potential

for use in simulations of various ice/structure interaction scenarios.

According to P. S. Reddy Gudimetla (2012), ice under load may respond as a

brittle solid or as a visco-elastic ductile material, depending on loading

conditions, ice morphology and composition, and the ambient physical state

under which the loading occurs. The mechanical properties of pure ice are fairly

well known at laboratory scale. The ductile range of responses has been

sufficiently examined to enable reasonable engineering analysis for most

practical circumstances. The case of brittle failure is less clear and analysis, even

for general engineering applications, requires careful consideration, and

conservative approaches. Further, the confidence with which engineers analyse

structural responses to sea ice - as an extension of pure ice behaviour - is further

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reduced because of the influence of natural salts on the physical properties of

water and ice and the wide range of sea ice encountered. The result of this

situation is that a combination of theoretical and empirical analysis approaches is

often employed when investigating design questions involving the fracture of ice.

According to Herbert E. Fiske, (1950) the crushed ice producing machine

known therefore have been used, for example, in restaurants and motels to

provide a continuing supply of crushed ice and has been satisfactory for many

such applications. It is desirable to provide an ice crushing machine of greater

reliability over long periods of time and capable of producing a consistently

uniform output of crushed ice within a selected range of sizes. Accordingly, it is

an object of this invention to provide an ice crushing apparatus including an

improved mechanism for effecting the production of crushed ice within a

predetermining range of sizes of the pieces.

It is another object of this invention to provide a crushed ice making machine

including an improved form and arrangement of ice breaking elements.

It is a further object of this invention to provide a crushed ice making machine

including an improved arrangement for releasing ice from the freezing surfaces

and for preventing the delivery of water to the accumulated crushed ice.
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Automated Coarse and Fine ice crushing machine.

A Thesis Project Presented to

The Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Department of

Laguna University

In Partial fulfilment

Of the Course Requirements for the Degree

Bachelor Of Science In Mechanical Engineering

Buag, Jhun Jeffrey P.

February 2019
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Chapter III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

The researcher provide information and explanation regarding the process of

constructing the project prototype.

Crushing ice is simply means breaking blocks of ice into desired sizes for

desired application. Ice have a lot of uses some of this is for food preservation

and for cooling other perishables, For that instances there is a needed to design

and develop a machine that cost effective, simply to operate and efficient

machine that can crushed a block of ice in two different sizes. The blocks of ice

could be crushed through the researchers design Automated two size ice

crushing machine.

Research Design

The developmental type of research was utilized in this study to gather the

information needed in the construction of automated two size ice crushing

machine. Richley, Rita C. (1994).

The combination of developmental type of research is important in the field of

instructional technology. This combination is important in developmental

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research. Developmental type of research opposed to simple instructional

development, has been defined as systematic study of designing, developing,

processes, products and evaluating instructional program that must meet the

criteria of internal consistency and effectiveness"

The researcher used this type of research since there is no existing research

about automated ice crushing machine in Laguna University.

The researcher collected data from the studies of other inventor and

researchers through websites.

Sampling Design

The researcher will based on statistic, as instrument the researcher will use

survey questionnaire to gather data. The survey will explore the perceptions on

how the Automated two size ice crushing machine can help the crushed ice

consumer to lessen the time needed for crushing a blocks of ice for large

application.
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Synthesis

The researcher reviewed the data gathered from the related literature were

useful to the research. The researcher reflected the different ideas related to this

study in order to come up a new design.

There’s a lot of way to crushed ice and make it in small sizes, in this research

focus to design an ice block crusher that will produce two different sizes of

crushed ice. All parameters of the ice block is studied. The parameters are the

weight, size, length and other characteristic of ice. Traditional and innovated

machine for crushing the ice is studied for the purpose of the study as reference

to gain an idea for the new innovation and design of ice crusher.

The existing ice crusher needs an improvement in the quantity of ice produce

in certain period and the safety. The limitation of the existing ice crusher is the

capability to crush the blocked ice in one average size. Therefore the operator

will used another crushing machine to get have another size needed to other

application.
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