MY PROPOSALS & REPORT

FOR
GROUP - CLEAN GANGA.
TASK - 10 ACTIONABLE POLICY MEASURES TOWARDS
THE CLEANING OF THE GANGA.

WRITTEN BY :-
SANJAY MALVIYA
E-mail : chartering@access-group.in

"GANGA MAA" - THE MOST SACRED RIVER IN WORLD & NATIONAL RIVER OF INDIA. SHE IS
THE SOUL OF INDIAN CIVILIZATION, WHICH ESTABLISHED AFTER COLLAPSE OF INDUS VALLY
CIVILIZATION. THE BASIN IS INHABITED SINCE LAST 4 - 5000 YEARS, PROPER IRRIGATION
SYSTEMS ARE USED SINCE LAST 2700 YEARS. GANGA IS IMPORTANT FOR OUR - RELIGION,
HISTORY, CULTURE, TRADITIONS, TOURISM, EDUCATION, LIVELIHOOD, ECONOMY,
AGRICULTURE, INDUSTRIES, ENERGY, TRANSPORT & OVERALL SURVIVAL. LIFE WITHOUT HER IS
IMPOSSIBLE IN GANGA BASIN. HER CATCHMENT BASIN COVERS ABOUT 1,000,000 SQ KM,
AVERAGE DEPTH IS 52 FEET & MAXIMUM DEPTH IS 100 FEET. SHE HAVE MANY TRIBUTARIES. IN
HER JOURNEY OF ABOUT 2525 KMS, SHE FLOWS THROUGH UTTARAKHAND, UTTAR PRADESH,
BIHAR, JHARKHAND, AND WEST BENGAL - VIA 29 LARGE CITIES, 23 SMALL CITIES, 48 TOWNS &
COUNTLESS VILLAGES. SHE ALSO FEEDS MORE THEN 400 MILLION PEOPLE.

HISTORICALLY / RELIGIOUSLY / TRADITIONALLY & CULTURALLY WE HAVE ALWAYS SHOWN

GREAT RESPECT & AFFECTION FOR GANGA MAA. BUT EVER SINCE INDUSTRIAL & GREEN
REVOLUTION WE STARTED USING HER AS A COMMODITY. NOW WITH GROWING -
URBANIZATION, INDUSTRIALIZATION & COMMERCIALIZATION, WE HAVE ACTUALLY STARTED
ABUSING HER.

IF WE LOOK AT CURRENT STATE OF OUR NATIONAL RIVER, IT IS SHOCKING TO FIND THE

AMOUNT OF MESS WE HAVE CREATED. WE DUMP ABOUT 2900000000 LITERS OF SEWAGE
INTO GANGA AND HER TRIBUTARIES EVERY DAY, WHICH IS LOADED WITH POLLUTANTS,
TOXINS, HAZARDOUS MATERIALS & HEAVY METALS. WE ALSO DUMP THOUSANDS OF TONS OF
MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE IN & AROUND HER EVERY DAY. IF THAT'S NOT ENOUGH WE ALSO
IMMERSE DEAD ANIMALS, PARTIALLY BURNED / UN BURNED HUMAN BODIES IN HER.

THE POLLUTION IS AT DISCOURAGINGLY HIGH LEVELS. FOR EXAMPLE - SAFE LEVELS OF FECAL
COLIFORM BACTERIA IN WATER IS LESS THEN 500 PER 100 ML. BUT BEFORE SHE REACHES
VARANASI IT IS ALREADY 120 TIMES AT 60000 PER 100 ML, WHICH REACHES TO A STAGGERING
LEVEL OF 60000 TO 1500000 [WITH MAXIMUM RECORDED AT 100000000] FECAL COLIFORM
BACTERIA PER 100 ML. I MEAN WHAT THE HELL ARE WE DOING & WHERE ARE WE HEADING
TO, THIS IS DISGUSTING. PEOPLE LIVING AROUND GANGA HAVE THE HIGHEST RISK OF
INFECTION & DISEASES. AS PER WORLD BANK, HEALTH COST DUE TO WATER POLLUTION IN
INDIA CONSUMES ABOUT 3% OF GDP, 80% OF ALL ILLNESS & ONE THIRD OF DEATHS ARE
CAUSED BY WATER-BORN DISEASES.

HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, MAINLY AGRICULTURE & SETTLEMENTS HAVE ALREADY REPLACED

NEARLY 95% OF ORIGINAL NATIVE VEGETATION, ONLY RESERVE FORESTS [RAJAJI NATIONAL
PARK, JIM CORBETT NATIONAL PARK, AND DUDHWA NATIONAL PARK] NOW HAVE ORIGINAL
VEGETATION, SO MANY WILD ANIMALS INCLUDING ASIATIC LIONS [WHO LIVED HERE ONCE]
ARE ALREADY LOST.

THOUSANDS & THOUSANDS OF CRORS OF RUPEES ARE ALREADY SPEND BUT STILL WITHOUT
SUCCESS. THIS IS MAINLY BECAUSE OF MISMANAGEMENT OF MONEY, CORRUPTION, LACK OF
SCIENTIFIC / TECHNICAL KNOWLEDGE & BAD ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING, WITHOUT
ACTUALLY UNDERSTANDING HOW HEALTHY ECOSYSTEMS WORK & IF PROPERLY NURTURED
ECOSYSTEMS CAN RECOVER QUICKLY.

THERE ARE MANY THREATS, WHICH WE HAVE TO CAREFULLY UNDERSTAND, PLAN & PROPOSE
MOST SUITABLE SOLUTIONS REQUIRED FOR CLEAN & HEALTHY GANGA. WE HAVE TO ADDRESS
ALL THE PROBLEMS EFFECTIVELY, SUCH AS - EFFICIENT TREATMENT & DISPOSAL OF SEWAGE,
PROPER MANAGEMENT OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE, CONTROL & ELIMINATION OF
INDUSTRIAL / COMMERCIAL POLLUTION, CHECK & STOP ILLEGAL SAND & STONE MINING &
LAST BUT NOT THE LEAST - THE MOST IGNORED SUBJECT OF ALL - CONTROL & SEQUESTRATION
AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF IN GANGA.

EVEN THE SUBJECT OF THIS GROUP - "CLEAN GANGA", ACTUALLY EMPHASIZES ON CLEAN
WATER OF GANGA WHICH WE CAN USE WITHOUT ANY SHAME OR FEAR. WE HAVE TO
UNDERSTAND VERY CLEARLY THAT CLEAN GANGA IS NOT POSSIBLE WITHOUT HEALTHY
GANGA, WHICH IS ONLY POSSIBLE IF ALL THE ECOSYSTEMS INVOLVED IN HER JOURNEY ARE
HEALTHY & THRIVING. SO LET'S ANALYZE & UNDERSTAND EACH SUBJECT CAREFULLY & WORK
ON SUITABLE SOLUTIONS COLLECTIVELY.

EUTROPHICATION IS A NATURAL PROCESS OF RECYCLING NUTRIENTS IN AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM

BY VARIOUS LIVING ORGANISMS. BUT DUE TO ADDITION OF LARGE QUANTITY OF NUTRIENTS
MAINLY - PHOSPHATES, NITRATES, ETC FROM SOURCES LIKE - MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE,
WASTEWATER, SLUDGE, ANIMAL HUSBANDRY, DETERGENTS, FERTILIZERS, DEAD ANIMALS, ETC
THE RATE OF EUTROPHICATION INCREASES EXPONENTIALLY. WHICH LEAD TO ALGAL BLOOMS,
THIS CHANGES AQUATIC NATURAL FOOD WEB, REDUCES DISSOLVED OXYGEN, INCREASES
TURBIDITY - WHICH DAMAGES AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM, RESULTING IN DEAD ZONES, CAUSED BY
DEPLETION OF OXYGEN [HYPOXIA]. THIS ALSO LEADS TO INCREASE OF PATHOGENIC
ORGANISMS. IN ADDITION TO THIS TOXINS & HAZARDOUS MATERIALS [FROM - PESTICIDES,
INSECTICIDES, HERBICIDES, FUNGICIDES, INDUSTRIES, COMMERCIAL ORGANIZATIONS,
INSTITUTIONS, HOUSEHOLDS], DIRECTLY INFECT & KILL AQUATIC FLORA & FAUNA. DESPITE ALL
THIS BLUNDERS & ECOLOGICAL CRIME, OUR MOTHER GANGA- IS STILL SURVIVING & FEEDING
MORE THEN 400 MILLION PEOPLE. THIS IS WHY WE CALL IT GANGAJAL [DIVINE - HOLY WATER],
THIS UNIQUE QUALITY OF GANGAJAL IS TESTED & CONFIRMED BY MANY SCIENTISTS IN INDIA &
AROUND THE WORLD.

MY 10 PROPOSALS FOR ACTIONABLE POLICY MEASURES TOWARDS THE CLEANING

OF THE 'GANGA MAA".

1. ARTIFICIAL AERATION / COMPRESSED AIR INJECTION, IN ORDER TO INCREASE

DISSOLVED OXYGEN & BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES TO IMPROVE QUALITY OF
GANGAJAL.

THE BEST SOLUTION IS TO INCREASE DISSOLVED OXYGEN LEVELS IN GANGA. WE HAVE TO

CHECK VARIOUS SOURCE POINTS WHERE MAXIMUM AMOUNT OF NUTRIENTS, POLLUTANTS &
TOXINS, ETC ARE ADDED [RIGHT FROM RISHIKESH & UPTO KOLKATTA], THEN INSTALL THESE
AERATION UNITS ACCORDINGLY.

INCREASED QUANTITY OF DISSOLVE OXYGEN BY ARTIFICIAL AERATION WILL AUTOMATICALLY

INCREASE BIOLOGICAL OXIDATION OF ORGANIC MATTER, ALSO CALLED MICROBIAL
TREATMENT OF POLLUTED WATER BIOLOGICALLY. WHERE THE BIODEGRADABLE SOLIDS IN THE
WATER ARE DECOMPOSED BY HETEROTROPHIC MICROBES & UTILIZED BY AUTOTROPHIC
MICROBES, WHICH WILL AUTOMATICALLY INCREASE RECYCLING OF NUTRIENTS TO KICK START
OTHER BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES AND ARE CONSUMED BY FILTER FEEDER & OTHER ORGANISMS,
LIKE - FISH, SHRIMPS, KRILLS, CRABS, ETC. THIS WILL ESTABLISH FOOD CHAIN [TROPHIC LEVELS]
& THE WATER QUALITY WILL ENHANCE VERY EFFECTIVELY.

THERE ARE MAINLY TWO METHODS FOR AERATING : MOTOR DRIVEN RO WINDMILL DRIVEN.
THERE ARE TWO TYPES OF AERATION TECHNIQUES.
- FLOATING SURFACE AERATION.
FLOATING AERATORS ACHIEVE ABOUT 80 TO 90% REMOVAL OF BOD WITHIN 1 TO 10 DAYS, IN
THE RANGE OF 1.5 TO 5 METER DEPTH. THIS SYSTEM PROVIDES TWO FUNCTIONS - TRANSFER
OF AIR INTO WATER FOR BIOLOGICAL OXIDATION REACTIONS & MIX OF NUTRIENTS FOR
ENHANCED BIOLOGICAL CONTACT BETWEEN - WATER, OXYGEN & MICROBES. TYPICALLY
FLOATING SURFACE AERATORS DELIVER OXYGEN EQUIVALENT TO 1.8 TO 2.7 KG / KWH. BUT
THESE ARE RELATIVELY LESS EFFICIENT COMPARED TO SUBMERGED DIFFUSED AERATION.
- SUBMERGED DIFFUSED AERATION.
THIS SYSTEM WILL BE MORE EFFICIENT SINCE THE DEPTH OF GANGES IS MORE THEN 5 METER
IN MOST OF PLACES & POLLUTION REACHES TILL BOTTOM OF RIVER. SUBMERGED DIFFUSED
AIR IS ESSENTIALLY A FORM OF A DIFFUSER GRID INSIDE A RIVER. THERE ARE TWO MAIN TYPES
SYSTEMS - FLOATING LATERAL AND SUBMERGED LATERAL. BOTH THESE SYSTEMS UTILIZE FINE
OR MEDIUM BUBBLE DIFFUSERS TO PROVIDE AERATION AND MIXING TO THE WATER &
NUTRIENTS. THE DIFFUSERS CAN BE SUSPENDED SLIGHTLY ABOVE THE RIVER FLOOR OR MAY
REST ON THE BOTTOM. FLEXIBLE AIRLINE OR WEIGHTED AIR HOSE SUPPLIES AIR TO THE
DIFFUSER UNIT FROM THE AIR LATERAL (EITHER FLOATING OR SUBMERGED). EFFICIENCY
DEPENDS UPON THE LEVEL OF POLLUTION & DEPTH OF WATER.

THESE TECHNOLOGIES & PRACTICES HAVE BEEN TRIED & TESTED ACROSS THE WORLD & WILL
YIELD GOOD RESULTS IN IMPROVING QUALITY OF "GANGAJAL".

2. RECLAMATION, RESTORATION, CONSERVATION AND MAINTENANCE OF INLAND

NATURAL - RIPARIAN ZONES & WETLANDS ON GANGA RIVER.

RIPARIAN [RIVERBANK] ZONE IS THE THIN STRIP OF DIVERSE RIPARIAN VEGETATION

[HYDROPHILIC] WHICH IS AN INTERFACE BETWEEN DRYLAND & WATERBODIES. INLAND
WETLANDS IS THE AREA OF PARTIALLY OR FULLY, PERMANENTLY OR SEASONALLY SUBMERGED
LAND & VEGETATION GENERALLY FOUND BETWEEN RIPARIAN ZONE & WATERBODIES. TYPES
OF INLAND RIPARIAN ZONES & WETLANDS IN GANGA BASIN ARE - MAIN RIVER, TRIBUTARIES,
STREAMS, RIVERINE WETLANDS, CREEKS, OX-BOW LAKES / CUT-OFF MEANDERS, MARSHES,
HIGH-ALTITUDE WETLANDS, WATERLOGGED PONDS, ETC. THE VEGETATION IS DIVERSE THAT
GROWS ALONG WATERFRONTS, IT IS VERY IMPORTANT IN MAINTAINING RIPARIAN &
WETLAND ECOSYSTEMS, PROTECTS HABITAT FOR NATIVE FLORA & FAUNA. SPECIALLY RIVER
SYSTEMS FLOW THROUGH VARIETY OF GEOLOGIC & CLIMATE REGIONS. GANGA RIVER IN HER
JOURNEY OF ABOUT 2525 KM, STARTS FROM GANGOTRI, FLOWS THROUGH 29 BIG CITIES, 23
MEDIUM SIZE CITIES, 48 TOWNS & MANY MORE VILLAGES.& ENDS VIA SUNDARBANS IN BAY OF
BENGAL. FLORA & FAUNA VARIES WIDELY FROM PLACE TO PLACE AS SHE PROCEEDS HER
JOURNEY THROUGH - MOUNTAINS, FORESTS, MARSHES, SWAMPS, FIELDS, VILLAGES, TOWNS &
CITIES.

BENEFITS :- RIPARIAN & WETLAND FLORA & FAUNA ARE SPECIALLY ADOPTED TO LOCAL
CONDITIONS, BUT ARE SENSITIVE TO CHANGES. THE BENEFICIAL ECOLOGICAL SERVICES
PROVIDED ARE EXTREMELY IMPORTANT FOR HEALTHY ENVIRONMENT WHICH ARE OFTEN
OVERLOOKED. ONLY IN LAST FEW DECADES WE HAVE STARTED REALIZING IMPORTANCE OF
SUCH ECOSYSTEMS. THESE BENEFICIAL SERVICES ARE :- INCREASE WATER INFILTRATION,
GROUNDWATER / AQUIFER RECHARGE, REDUCES RUNOFF, SEDIMENT FILTRATION, WATER
FILTRATION, DEEP & EXTENSIVE ROOTS PREVENT EROSION AND UNDERCUTTING OF BANKS,
BANK STABILIZATION, WATER STORAGE & RELEASE SLOWLY, REDUCE RISK OF FLOODING,
WATER CONSERVED FOR DRYER PERIODS, HEALTHY SOIL, HIGH RATE OF MICROBIAL LIFE /
PHOTOSYNTHESIS, RECYCLES NUTRIENTS, SUPPORTS SYMBIOTIC LIVING ORGANISMS,
RESTRICTS AIR, WATER, SOIL & NOISE POLLUTION, SEQUESTER GREENHOUSE GASES, CONTROL
CLIMATE CHANGE & ALSO CONTRIBUTE TO THE NATURAL BEAUTY. SUCH ZONES ARE ALSO
VERY EFFECTIVE IN - PYTORAMIDIATION [BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT] OF WASTEWATER, CHECK
EUTROPHICATION, REDUCE DEAD ZONES. THESE RIPARIAN ZONES & WETLANDS HAVE HIGHEST
BIODIVERSITY AMONG ALL THE TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS. THESE HABITATS ARE BUFFER
ZONES WHICH PROVIDE - FOOD [LEAVES, FLOWERS, SEEDS, FRUITS], SHELTER, SHADE TO WIDE
VARIETY OF WILDLIFE, SUCH AS - BIRDS, MAMMALS, AMPHIBIANS, REPTILES, FISH, CLAMS,
OYSTERS, SNAILS, MILLIPEDES, CENTIPEDES, INSECTS, SPIDERS, SCORPIONS, CRABS,
LOBSTERS,SHRIMP; EARTHWORMS, LEECHES, ETC. WHERE NUTRIENTS ARE RECYCLED &
BALANCE OF FOOD CHAIN IS MAINTAINED.

THE THREAT :- OUR RIPARIAN ZONES & WETLANDS ARE THREATENED BY - URBANIZATION,
INDUSTRIALIZATION, COMMERCIALIZATION, ENCROACHMENT, BUILDING DAMS / BARRAGES,
MSW DISPOSAL IN & NEARBY, DISCHARGE OF UNTREATED WASTEWATER, UNRESTRICTED
GRAZING, ETC. IN ADDITION TO ABOVE THREATS - THE MOST NEGLECTED & IT SEEMS
DELIBERATELY IGNORED ASPECT IS POLLUTION FROM MODERN NON SUSTAINABLE
AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES, WHERE HUGE QUANTITY OF - ARTIFICIAL / CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS
[NPK & OTHERS], TOXIC - PESTICIDES, INSECTICIDES, HERBICIDES, FUNGICIDES DEPOSITED ON
SOIL, ACTUALLY LEACH IN GROUND & THEN RUNOFF ALONG WITH STORM WATER WHICH
ULTIMATELY ENDS UP IN GANGA. THIS IS VERY DANGEROUS & IS ONE OF THE BIGGEST
ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEM ASSOCIATED WITH AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS. ACCUMULATION OF
THESE ELEMENTS EXPONENTIALLY INCREASE EUTROPHICATION [HYPERTROPHICATION]
RESULTING IN ALGAL BLOOMS, DEAD ZONES, HYPOXIA. WHICH MAKES IT DIFFICULT FOR
AQUATIC LIFE TO SURVIVE. IN ADDITION TOXIC - PESTICIDES, INSECTICIDES, HERBICIDES,
FUNGICIDES DIRECTLY DESTROY RIPARIAN, WETLAND & MARINE ECOSYSTEMS.

THE MANTRA FOR SUCCESS IN RESTORATION, CONSERVATION & SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

IS TO USE NATIVE TREES, PLANTS & VEGETATION ONLY. BECAUSE - THEY ARE WELL ADOPTED
TO LOCAL RESOURCES, CLIMATE, RESISTANCE TO PESTS & DISEASES. PROVIDE HABITAT FOR
SYMBIOTIC WILDLIFE. NEED MINIMUM EFFORTS TO MAINTAIN [NO FERTILIZERS, NO
PESTICIDES] & PREVENTS SPREAD OF INVASIVE SPECIES.

ACTUAL AREA USED BY RIPARIAN ZONE IS ONLY ABOUT 1% OF THE SPECIFIC REGION - WHICH
ALSO PROTECTS WETLANDS, SO INVESTING 1% LAND PLUS SERIOUS EFFORTS FOR 100%
BENEFITS IS NOT A BAD BARGAIN, PROVIDED WE TAKE CORRECT STEPS TO RESTORE & PROTECT
SUCH VALUABLE ECOSYSTEMS. RESTORATION OF THESE ECOSYSTEMS IS THE MOST
IMPORTANT & EFFECTIVE STEP FOR "CLEAN & HEALTHY GANGA".

SOLUTIONS - FOR RECLAMATION, RESTORATION, CONSERVATION AND MAINTENANCE OF

GANGA'S ECOSYSTEMS.
SPECIFIC LEGISLATION WITH FOLLOWING INCLUSIONS SHOULD BE PASSED IN PARLIAMENT &
ALL STATES MUST ALSO PASS SUCH LAWS & PRACTISE IT STRICTLY. REQUIRED BUDGETARY
PROVISIONS MUST ALSO BE MADE. THE JOB OF MONITORING & MANAGEMENT SHOULD BE
DONE BY - NATIONAL GANGA RIVER BASIN AUTHORITY, STATE & CENTRAL MINISTRIES. ALONG
WITH EXECUTION OF OTHER PROJECTS, THEY MUST ALSO MONITOR & ENSURE THAT
EXECUTION OF SUCH RECLAMATION, RESTORATION & MAINTENANCE WORK IS DONE
EFFICIENTLY.
- 20 - 100 METER [DEPENDING UPON TERRANE & CURRENT LANDUSE, EXCEPT INHABITED
AREAS] DRYLAND STRIP SHOULD BE DECLARED - RIPARIAN / WETLAND ZONE, RESERVED ONLY
FOR RESTORATION & DEVELOPMENT OF NATIVE RIPARIAN VEGETATION. FIRST THIS LAND
SHOULD BE SLIGHTLY ELEVATED 20 - 100 CM, WITH DRAINAGE VIA MECHANICAL FILTERS TO
RESTRICT LARGE DEBRIS / OBJECTS & THEN SPECIFIC NATIVE TREES, PLANTS, SHRUBS & GRASS
SPECIES SHOULD BE IDENTIFIED, GROWN & MAINTAINED.
- ANY / ALL TYPE OF DEFORESTATION, LOGGING SHOULD BE COMPLETELY PROHIBITED IN THIS
ZONE.SIMILAR TO RESERVE FORESTS.
- EVEN IN CASE IF ANY AGRICULTURE LAND IS FALLING WITHIN THIS ZONE, THE LAND WILL STILL
BE OWNED BY FARMERS, BUT THEY SHOULD FOLLOW THE GUIDELINES & GROW PERENNIAL
TREES & PLANTS ONLY. SPECIFIC TREES & PLANTS OF ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE, GUIDANCE TO
GROW & MAINTAIN SHOULD BE PROVIDED TO THESE FARMERS FREE OF COST.
- THESE FARMERS SHOULD ALSO GET 5 - 10 YEAR COMPENSATION FOR RESERVING LAND FOR
RIPARIAN ZONE, TILL THE TIME THESE TREES GROW & GENERATE INCOME FOR THEM. THE
COMPENSATION CAN BE BASED UPON AREA OF LAND USED & POTENTIAL INCOME FROM
LAND.
- FALLING LEAVES, BRANCHES, UNUSED FRUITS SHOULD NOT BE REMOVED [AT LEASE FOR
FIRST 5 - 10 YEARS AFTER PLANTATION] FROM THE ZONE. THIS WILL HELP IN BUILDING
HEALTHY HUMUS SOIL, ENRICHED BY MICROBES, WHICH WILL HOLD THE SOIL, REDUCE
RUNOFF, INCREASE INFILTRATION & HARBORS NATIVE WILDLIFE.
- KILLING NATIVE WILD ANIMALS SHOULD BE PROHIBITED. FISHING CAN BE ALLOWED BUT
WITH STRICT GUIDELINES OF PRESERVING WILDLIFE & NOT CATCHING JUVENILE FISH.
- ONE OF THE BEST SOLUTION IS THAT ARTIFICIAL / CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS IN THE 2-3
KILOMETER STRIP ADJOINING GANGA RIVER & MAIN TRIBUTARIES SHOULD BE RESTRICTED OR
REDUCED TO MAXIMUM INPUT LEVEL OF 25% AS COMPARED TO EARLIER [AS BOOSTER], AS AN
ALTERNATE ONLY ORGANIC FERTILIZERS SHOULD BE ALLOWED TO BE USED. GOVT SHOULD
ALSO ENSURE THAT SUCH ORGANIC FERTILIZER IS EASILY AVAILABLE AT REASONABLE PRICE [IF
REQUIRED SUBSIDISED] TO FARMERS & PROPER TRAINING IS GIVEN.
- IN ADDITION TO ABOVE USE OF TOXIC & HAZARDOUS - PESTICIDES, INSECTICIDES, HERBICIDES
& FUNGICIDES SHOULD BE COMPLETELY PROHIBITED IN THIS 2-3 KILOMETER STRIP, RESEARCH
SHOW THAT ONLY ABOUT 2 - 5 % PESTICIDE IS USED & REST 95 - 98 % IS COMPLETELY
UNUTILIZED & CREATE ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS. AS AN ALTERNATE ONLY NATURAL & SAFE
[SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE] OPTIONS SHOULD BE USED, SUCH AS - INDIAN TRADITIONAL
SYSTEM CALLED "PANCHAGAVYA" [GOOD FOR PEST CONTROL, INCREASES PRODUCTIVITY &
ENHANCE RESISTANCE OF PLANTS], NON-PESTICIDAL MANAGEMENT (NPM - USING - NEEM,
PAPAYA LEAVES, TULSI LEAVES, TOBACCO LEAVES, CITRUS OIL, EUCALYPTUS OIL, ONION SPRAY,
GARLIC SPRAY, GREEN CHILLI SPRAY, ETC) , IPM [INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT],
BIOLOGICAL PEST CONTROL, MULTIPLE CROPPING, CROP ROTATION, ETC. PLEASE NOTE THIS IS
A VERY DIFFICULT TASK & WILL REQUIRED EXTENSIVE HARDWORK IN CONVINCING, TRAINING
& PROMOTING SUCH PRACTICES.
- USE OF ORGANIC FERTILIZERS & NON TOXIC PEST CONTROL PRACTICES SHOULD PROMOTED
ON ALL INDIA BASIS TO IMPROVE ENVIRONMENT.
- STORAGE & ACCUMULATION OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE SHOULD BE COMPLETELY
PROHIBITED IN THIS ZONE [20 - 100 METERS], EVEN IN URBAN AREAS MANAGEMENT OF MSW
SHOULD BE CLOSELY MONITORED & MANAGED. IF LOCAL MUNICIPALITIES ARE NOT CAPABLE
OF DOING THIS JOB, SUCH JOB MUST BE ALLOTTED TO PRIVATE SECTOR ON PPP BASIS.
- A DETAILED SURVEY & INVESTIGATION MUST BE DONE TO IDENTIFY, HOW MUCH UNTREATED
WASTEWATER IS CURRENTLY DISCHARGED IN RIPARIAN ZONES IN EACH AREA ALONG THE
GANGA RIVER. WHEREVER THERE IS SHORTFALL IN TREATMENT FACILITY. NEW STP [SEWARAGE
TREATMENT PLANTS] SHOULD BE ESTABLISHED, IF MUNICIPALITIES ARE NOT CAPABLE OF
MAINTAINING, ESTABLISHING NEW PLANTS - SUCH WORK CAN BE GIVEN TO PRIVATE SECTOR
ON PPP BASIS. DISCHARGE OF UNTREATED WASTEWATER SHOULD BE PROHIBITED.
- INDUSTRIES & COMMERCIAL ORGANIZATIONS SHOULD BE ASKED TO FOLLOW SYSTEM OF ZLD
[ZERO LIQUID DISCHARGE] OF POLLUTANTS. FOR THIS THEY SHOULD RECYCLE & REUSE
WASTEWATER OR CAN ONLY BE ALLOWED TO DISCHARGE WATER AFTER TERTIARY LEVEL
TREATMENT FROM THEIR PLACE.
- PERMISSION FOR BUILDING OF NEW DAMS, RESERVOIR, BARRAGES SHOULD ONLY BE GIVEN
AFTER CAREFUL ANALYSIS & IDENTIFICATION OF DAMAGES TO LOCAL ECOLOGY. BARRAGES
MAY BE ALLOWED ON ECO-PARTNERSHIP BASIS. WHERE BARRAGES ARE LEFT OPEN FOR 12 HRS
FOR WILDLIFE TO MOVE & CAN BE USED FOR 12 HRS FOR COMMERCIAL ACTIVITIES - RIVER
TRANSPORT.
- NO NEW BUILDING / CONSTRUCTION PERMISSION SHOULD BE GIVEN IN THIS RESERVED
ZONE.
- ALL UNAUTHORIZED CONSTRUCTIONS & ENCROACHMENTS IN SUCH ZONE MUST BE
REMOVED ASAP. THIS IS A VERY SENSITIVE ISSUE BECAUSE MOST OF ENCROACHMENT,
SPECIALLY IN URBAN AREAS IS DONE BY VERY POOR PEOPLE. BUT WITH PROPER RESEARCH &
CAREFUL PLANNING IT IS POSSIBLE TO REHABILITATE SUCH PEOPLE. PROVIDED GOVT HAVE
POLITICAL WILL TO DO SO.

3. REMOVAL OF CHIR PINE TREES & REPLANTATION OF BANJ OAK & OTHER NATIVE
VEGETATION IN LOWER TO MIDDLE HIMALAYA.

IN RECENT PAST THE LOWER TO MIDDLE HIMALAYA, INCLUDING GARHWAL REGION HAVE
OBSERVED HEAVY RUNOFF & MUDSLIDE EVENTS WHICH IS CAUSING HAVOC IN THE REGIONS -
INCIDENTS SUCH AS KEDARNATH 2013 ECOLOGICAL CATASTROPHE & MANY OTHERS
HAPPENING ON REGULAR BASIS. THIS HEAVY SILTATION IS NOT CONDUCIVE FOR ECOLOGICAL
BALANCE OF GANGA. AS PER SOME SCIENTISTS THIS IS DUE ECOLOGICAL DESTRUCTION
CAUSED BY REMOVAL OF NATIVE VEGETATION & PLANTATION OF ALIEN PLANT - CHIR PINE.

ECOLOGICAL DISASTER CAUSED BY CUTTING BANJ OAK FORESTS & PLANTING ALIEN /
INVASIVE - CHIR PINE TREES BY BRITISHERS. FOR QUICK COMMERCIAL GAINS [FAST GROWTH,
RESINS, TIMBER] BRITISHERS STARTED REMOVING NATIVE INDIAN OAK [BANJ] TREES &
PLANTED ALIEN CHIR PINE TREES IN HUGE AREAS OF GARHWAL REGION, THIS ADVERSELY
EFFECTED WIDE & RICH BIODIVERSITY OF GARHWAL REGION.
BANJ OAK IS VERY IMPORTANT IN MAINTAINING ECOLOGICAL BALANCE OF THE REGION.
BENEFITS OF BANJ OAK - HAVE BROAD LEAVES, HIGH RATE OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS, GOOD
MULCH ON GROUND, CREATES CARPET OF HUMUS SOIL, MAINTAINS PH LEVEL OF SOIL,
CONDUCIVE FOR OTHER SMALL PLANTS & BUSHES, IMPROVES WATER INFILTRATION,
INCREASES WATER TABLE, RETAINS NUTRIENTS, RETAINS WATER, RESTRICTS SOIL EROSION,
HARBORS HEALTHY MICROBES [WHO ALSO HELP IN INCREASE OF RAIN & SNOW FALL],
PREVENTS LANDSLIDE / FLASHFLOODS. OTHER BENEFITS OF BANJ OAK ARE - ACORNS ARE USED
AS FOOD, LEAVES ARE USED AS FODDER, BRANCHES USED AS FIREWOOD, HIGHEST RHIZOME
YIELD OF PLANTS, BUSHES - TURMERIC [12 T/HA], GINGER [7.9 T/HA] UNDER IT'S CANOPY, BANJ
BARK & LEAVES HAVE HIGHEST CONCENTRATION OF TANNINS WHICH CAN BE USED AS TOXIN
FREE ECO-FRIENDLY MATERIAL IN LEATHER TANNERY, ALREADY USED EFFECTIVELY FOR LAND
RECLAMATION IN DEGRADED MINING LAND IN CENTRAL HIMALAYA.
BUT CHIR PINE DESTROYED LOCAL ECOSYSTEM BECAUSE - IT IS NOT SUITABLE FOR SYMBIOTIC
ECOLOGY, INEFFICIENT MULCH [THIN / NEEDLE SHAPED LEAVES], RESULTED IN LOW HUMUS
CREATION, SOIL BECAME ACIDIC RESULTED IN NO GROWTH OF SHRUBS, BUSHES & OTHER
PLANTS, SURROUNDING LAND BECAME BARREN, LOW RETENTION / ABSORPTION OF
WATER,RESULTED IN VERY LOW INFILTRATION TO SOIL WHICH LED TO HIGH RUNOFF, SOIL
EROSION, FLASHFLOODS, LANDSLIDES, AQUIFERS & SPRINGS BECAME DRY VERY SOON, DUE TO
LOW MICROBIAL ACTIVITY IT DID NOT HELP RAINS OR SNOW.

SOME SCIENTISTS HAVE CLEARLY NAMED PLANTATION OF CHIR PINE & DESTRUCTION OF BANJ
OAK FORESTS FOR ONE OF THE CAUSED OF KEDARNATH DISASTER IN 2013 & MANY OTHER
FLASHFLOODS & MUDSLIDES IN GARHWAL & HIMALAYAN REGIONS WHERE CHIR PINE IS
FLOURISHING.

BEGINNING & IMPORTANCE OF "CHIPKO MOVEMENT" THE GRADUAL REDUCTION OF FUEL

WOOD & DEPLETION IN GROUND WATER WAS OBSERVED BY PAHADI WOMEN [WHO LIVE IN
HARMONY WITH NATURE], THEY REALIZED THIS IS DUE TO REMOVAL OF NATIVE BANJ OAK
FOREST, FOR PLANTING CHIR PINE TREES. IN ORDER TO PROTECT REMAINING BANJ OAK TREES
THEY RALLIED ROUND, CREATED HUMAN CHAINS & HUGGED THE BANJ TREES FROM BEING
CUT DOWN BY FOREST CONTRACTORS. THIS WAS NAMED "CHIPKO MOVEMENT" WHICH
STARTED IN 1974 & BY 1980 SPREAD ALL ACROSS INDIA. THIS MADE GOVT TO AGREE &
FORMULATE PEOPLE-SENSITIVE FOREST POLICIES, WHICH STOPPED DEFORESTATION & TODAY
WE CAN STILL BREATH FRESH AIR PROVIDED BY OUR RICH FORESTS - WE SHOULD THANKS
PAHADI WOMEN FOR THEIR GREAT CONTRIBUTION TO ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION. TODAY
"CHIPKO MOVEMENT" IS SEEN AS AN INSPIRATION ACROSS THE WORLD FOR PROTECTION OF
FORESTS.

IT IS HIGH TIME, NOW GOVT SHOULD SERIOUSLY CONSIDER REMOVAL OF THESE CHIR PINE
TREES IN A SYSTEMATIC - PHASE OUT MANNER & START REPLANTATION OF BANJ OAK & OTHER
NATIVE VEGETATION. WHICH WILL ENSURE HEALTHY ENVIRONMENT & ECOLOGY ON HILLS &
CLEANER WATER IN GANGA & HER TRIBUTARIES.

4. WATER & WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT & IMPORTANCE OF "CONSTRUCTED

WETLAND".

WATER IS THE BASE OF ALL LIFE ON EARTH. IN INDIA WE HAVE SUFFICIENT AMOUNT OF WATER
BUT NOT UTILIZED EFFICIENTLY & DISCHARGE OF FULLY / PARTLY UNTREATED WASTEWATER
[SEWAGE] IS POLLUTING - SURFACE WATER OF GANGA, GROUNDWATER, SOIL & AIR OF GANGA
BASIN.
- SURFACE WATER. FIRST WE HAVE TO PLAN & INCREASE OUR SURFACE WATER RESERVES. BY
INCREASE CAPACITY & EFFICIENCY OF EXISTING ONES, BECAUSE BUILDING NEW RESERVOIRS IS
NOT A GOOD OPTION SPECIALLY FOR GANGA. WHERE OUR INTENTION IS TO MAINTAIN
NATURAL FLOW WITHOUT HARMING FLORA & FAUNA.
- DURING MONSOON PERIOD THERE IS ALWAYS EXCESS WATER IN GANGA WHICH CAUSES
HEAVY FLOODING, LOSS OF LIFE & DAMAGE TO PROPERTY. THERE IS A SCOPE TO DIVERT SOME
OF THIS EXCESS WATER DURING MONSOON BY BUILDING DIVERSION CHANNELS, DIVERSION
CANALS & PIPELINES TO TRANSFER WATER TO WATER SCARES AREAS.
- GROUNDWATER. IS THE BEST OPTION FOR STORING WATER. DUE TO ENVIRONMENTAL
RESTRICTION & LIMITATION OF LAND. WE SHOULD ALWAYS CONCENTRATE MORE ON
INCREASING GROUND WATER RESERVES BY WATERSHED DEVELOPMENT [RECHARGE
WELLS,RECHARGE PONDS, SMALL EARTHEN DAMS, RECHARGE LAKES, ETC SHOULD BE BUILT &
MAINTAINED]. IN RECENT PAST GOOD EFFORTS ARE MADE, FOR EXAMPLE IN RAJASTHAN [BY
MR. RAJENDRA SINGH], GUJARAT, ETC. BUT THERE ARE NO EXAMPLES OF SUCH SERIOUS
EFFORTS MADE IN GANGA BASIN. SUCH PROJECTS MUST BE TAKEN ON PRIORITY BASIS IN
GANGA BASIN. WHICH WILL INCREASE AVAILABILITY OF WATER, WITHOUT EXTRACTING FROM
GANGA RIVER, THUS REDUCING PRESSURE ON LIMITED WATER IN GANGA DURING DRYER
PERIOD, ENHANCE ECOLOGY & ALSO INCREASE AGRICULTURE OUTPUT.
- ON HOUSEHOLD LEVEL - SAVE WATER, USE MORE ECONOMICALLY [USE WATER SAVING TAPS,
SHOWERS, FLUSH, ETC], RAINWATER HARVESTING & USE OF GRAYWATER [FOR FLUSHING,
GARDENING, IRRIGATION, STREET CLEANING, ETC] IS A VERY GOOD OPTION. GOVT SHOULD
PROMOTE THESE ACTIVITIES BY GIVING INCENTIVES FOR EXISTING BUILDINGS & ALSO BY
MAKING SUCH PRACTICES MANDATORY WHILE GRANTING PERMISSION TO NEW BUILDINGS &
CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS.

- WASTEWATER. IF USED PROPERLY IS A VERY USEFUL RESOURCE, BECAUSE IT IS STILL ABOUT

99% WATER WITH ONLY ABOUT 1% POLLUTANTS, MOST OF THESE POLLUTANTS ARE BASIC
NUTRIENTS REQUIRED BY PLANTS TO GROW. IF TOXINS, HEAVY METALS & PATHOGENS ARE
REMOVED THEN THIS WATER IS DIRECTLY USEFUL IN AGRICULTURE. EVEN THE SEWAGE
SLUDGE CAN BE EASILY COMPOSTED TO ORGANIC FERTILIZER.
THERE ARE SO MANY VERY EFFECTIVE & ECONOMICAL SEWAGE TREATMENTS PROCESS
AVAILABLE, WHICH USE - BIOLOGICAL, CHEMICAL, MECHANICAL AND / OR COMBINATION OF
THESE TECHNOLOGIES. THE WASTE WATER TREATMENT HAVE MANY LEVELS - PREPRIMARY,
PRIMARY, SECONDARY & TERTIARY LEVEL TREATMENT. GOVT SHOULD TRY TO PROMOTE MOST
SUITABLE TECHNOLOGIES APPLICABLE IN SPECIFIC AREA, DEPENDING UPON POLLUTANTS,
REQUIRED USE OF WASTEWATER AFTER TREATMENT, AVAILABILITY OF POWER & LAND. KINDLY
NOTE CAREFUL SELECTION OF SPECIFIC TECHNOLOGY IS VERY IMPORTANT IN WASTEWATER
TREATMENT. PLEASE FIND MY SUGGESTIONS AS BELOW.

- THE CURRENT SITUATION OF WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT IN GANGA BASIN IS NOT VERY

ENCOURAGING, BECAUSE - FIRST OF ALL THERE IS HUGE SHORTAGE OF TREATMENT FACILITIES
AGAINST WASTEWATER GENERATED, MANY PLANTS ARE CLOSED FOR TECHNICAL -
COMMERCIAL REASONS, MUNICIPALITIES DO NOT HAVE FUNDS / TRAINED STAFF, EVEN THE
GOOD ONES ARE SHUT DOWN EVERY DAY BECAUSE OF POWER SHORTAGE, EVEN DURING THE
TIME WHEN THEY ARE RUNNING THEY ARE HEAVILY LOADED, WHICH RESULTS IN PARTIALLY
TREATED WASTEWATER DISCHARGED IN STREAMS & GANGA RIVER [EFFLUENT QUALITY
HARDLY REACHES SECONDARY LEVEL TREATMENT], IN MOST OF CASED THE EFFLUENT IS
HIGHLY POLLUTED & THEREAFTER LOADED WITH DISINFECTANTS LIKE CHLORINE. KINDLY NOTE
ONCE HIGHLY CHLORINATED WATER [POISON FOR MICROORGANISMS, PLANTS & SMALL
ANIMALS] REACHES GANGA IT DESTROYS AQUATIC FLORA & FAUNA, THIS IS ONE OF THE
REASONS GANGA WATER IS NOT ABLE TO RECOVER. SO DISINFECTANTS MUST BE PROPERLY
NEUTRALIZED BEFORE DISCHARGE IN GANGA RIVER.
- FIRST WE MUST INCREASE EFFICIENCY OF EXISTING PLANTS BY - REPAIRING, INCREASING
CAPACITY, ADD NEW TECHNOLOGIES, CONVERTING BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT TO CHEMICAL OR
COMBINATION OF BIOLOGICAL + CHEMICAL TREATMENT, ENSURE CONTINUOS POWER SUPPLY,
ETC.
- THEN WE MUST INVESTIGATE & PLAN THE SHORTFALL BASED ON HIGHEST LOAD TIME OF
MONSOON PERIOD. THEN INCREASE NUMBER OF STP IN ENTIRE GANGA BASIN. IF
MUNICIPALITIES ARE NOT CAPABLE SUCH JOB CAN BE GIVEN TO PRIVATE PLAYERS ON PPP
BASIS.
- SEPTIC TANKS. WHICH IS THE SIMPLEST & MOST ECONOMICAL TOOL WITH PROVEN RECORD
CAN DO WONDERS IN WASTEWATER TREATMENT. SINCE MOST OF TREATMENT PLANTS ARE
OVERLOADED & THERE IS A SHORTFALL IN TREATMENT CAPACITY. GOVT SHOULD ASK ALL THE
INDUSTRIES [NON TOXIC, NON HAZARDOUS WASTEWATER], COMMERCIAL ORGANIZATIONS,
SHOPPING MALLS, INSTITUTIONS, HOUSING SOCIETIES, ALL NEW BUILDINGS UNDER
CONSTRUCTION TO INSTALL SEPTIC TANKS OF SUFFICIENT CAPACITY AT THEIR PREMISES &
THEN SEND PARTIALLY TREATED WASTEWATER [MOST OF BIOSOLIDS REMOVED] TO NORMAL
SEWERAGE SYSTEM. THIS WILL AUTOMATICALLY REDUCE LOAD / INCREASE EFFICIENCY OF
EXISTING PLANTS, REDUCING NEED TO INCREASE TREATMENT CAPACITY, EVEN IF SOME PART
OF THIS PARTIALLY TREATED WATER REACHES GANGA RIVER IT WILL BE FAR BATTER THEN
CURRENT SITUATION WHERE RAW SEWAGE IS DISCHARGED IN GANGA. THIS IS POSSIBLE ONLY
IF GOVT GIVE SUPPORT, TECHNICAL & FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE TO USERS. SLUDGE REMOVAL
SHOULD BE DONE FREE OF COST BY MUNICIPALITIES ON REGULAR BASIS, WHICH CAN BE
CONVERTED TO ORGANIC FERTILIZER.
- TOXIC, HAZARDOUS WASTEWATER SHOULD NOT BE ALLOWED FOR DISCHARGE IN NORMAL
WASTEWATER. SUCH WATER MUST ALWAYS BE TREATED AT SOURCE ONLY. THERE SO MANY
TECHNOLOGIES AVAILABLE FOR TREATMENT OF SUCH WATER.
- SPECIFICALLY FOR KANPUR LEATHER INDUSTRY WASTEWATER. WE MUST ALWAYS USE
ADDITIONAL UNIT [LIKE ELECTROCOAGULATION, ELECTRODEIONIZATION, ETC.] IN EXISTING
TREATMENT PLANT FOR REMOVAL & RECOVERY OF TOXINS & HEAVY METALS. LIKE -
CHROMIUM, LEAD, MERCURY, ETC.
- IF SPACE IS LIMITED BUT NO SHORTAGE OF FUNDS THEN COMPACT UNITS SUCH AS MBR /
MBBR, MICRO / ULTRAFILTRATION SYSTEMS SHOULD BE INSTALLED. THESE SYSTEMS CAN ALSO
BE ADDED TO EXISTING ONES TO INCREASE CAPACITY & THE EFFLUENT QUALITY IS VERY GOOD.
- SBR [SEQUENCING BATCH REACTOR]. HAVE GIVEN GOOD RESULTS BECAUSE IT IS VERY
EFFICIENT, COMPACT IN SIZE, COMBINES BIOLOGICAL + CHEMICAL PROCESS IN SAME TANK/S,
LESS INVESTMENT, BUT REQUIRE WELL TRAINED STAFF.
- WHEREVER SPACE IS EASILY AVAILABLE, WE CAN SIMPLIFY THE PROCESS BY ADDING VARIOUS
TYPE OF - PONDS [TREATMENT, STABILIZATION], LAGOONS [AERATED, ANEAROBIC] &
RETENTION BASINS AFTER PRIMARY LEVEL TREATMENT.BECAUSE SUCH SYSTEMS DO NOT NEED
TOO MUCH ENERGY, MACHINERY & HIGHLY TRAINED STAFF.
- INSTEAD OF OPEN DRYING, SLUDGE SHOULD BE TREATED IN ANAEROBIC DIGESTION PLANT,
WHICH CAN GENERATE SOME BIOGAS & DISINFECTED ORGANIC FERTILIZER.
- FOR TERTIARY LEVEL TREATMENT ALSO THERE ARE SO MANY TECHNOLOGIES, LIKE - UV
DISINFECTION, MBR, ACTIVATED CARBON BED, ACTIVATED SILICA BED, MEDIA FILTERS,
MICROFILTRATION, ULTRAFILTRATION, ETC.
- THERE ARE MANY MORE VERY PROMISING TECHNOLOGIES AVAILABLE WHICH CAN BE
APPLIED AS PER SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS - ADVANCED OXIDATION PROCESS, AEROBIC
GRANULAR SLUDGE TECHNOLOGY, ANAEROBIC CLARIGESTER, ANAEROBIC FILTER, BIOFILTERS,
COARSE / FINE BUBBLE DIFFUSERS, DISSOLVED AIR / GAS FLOTATION, EXPANDED GRANULAR
SLUDGE BED DIGESTION, MEMBRANE BIOREACTOR, MEMBRANE DISTILLATION, UPFLOW
ANAEROBIC SLUDGE BLANKET DIGESTION, ETC.
"CONSTRUCTED WETLAND" IS ONE OF THE MOST ECONOMICAL & EFFICIENT WASTEWATER
TREATMENT PROCESS, WHICH CAN YIELD GOOD RESULTS IN A COUNTRY LIKE INDIA WHERE
FINANCIAL & TECHNICAL RESOURCES ARE LIMITED. THIS TECHNOLOGY IS VERY USEFUL
SPECIALLY IN SMALL CITIES, TOWNS & RURAL AREAS WHERE THE LAND IS EASILY AVAILABLE.
THIS PROCESSED WATER CAN BE USED IN AGRICULTURE BECAUSE THE EFFLUENT QUALITY IS
FREE FROM TOXINS, HEAVY METALS & IS EQUIVALENT TO SECONDARY LEVEL TREATMENT. IF
REQUIRED WE CAN ADD ANOTHER VERY SIMPLE SYSTEM "SLOW SAND FILTERS" THIS
COMBINED SYSTEM CAN EASILY GENERATE POTABLE QUALITY WATER FROM WASTEWATER.
THIS PROCESS IS ONE OF THE BEST BECAUSE IT DOSE NOT REQUIRE ELECTRICITY, HIGHLY
TRAINED STAFF, EXPENSIVE & HIGHTECH MACHINERY. THIS IS THE MOST ECO-FRIENDLY
PROCESS BECAUSE ALL OTHER PROCESS NEED POWER, EMIT HUGE AMOUNT OF GREENHOUSE
GASES, IN CONTRAST CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS ABSORB HUGE AMOUNT OF CARBON & IS THE
BEST PROCESS FOR CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION, SO CARBON CREDIT CAN BE ENJOYED.
CONSTRUCTED WETLAND CAN ALSO BE COMBINED WITH OTHER TYPE OF PRIMARY LEVEL
TREATMENT PROCESS, LIKE - SEPTIC TANKS, ADVANCED AERATED SEPTIC TANKS, PRIMARY
SETTLEMENT TANK & OTHER SIMILAR PROCESS.

5. EFFECTIVE & SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE IN BIG

CITIES AT "SPECIAL RECYCLING ZONES [SRZ]".

"SPECIAL RECYCLING ZONE [SRZ]" IS NOT AN EXISTING CONCEPT, AFTER ANALYZING &
UNDERSTANDING ISSUE OF MSW MANAGEMENT, CONSIDERING VARIOUS PROCESSES
INVOLVED, I HAVE COME UP WITH THIS ORIGINAL CONCEPT.

MISMANAGEMENT OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE IS ONE OF THE MAJOR ENVIRONMENTAL

PROBLEM IN GANGA BASIN BECAUSE THOUSANDS OF TONS OF MSW IS DUMPED IN & AROUND
GANGA & HER TRIBUTARIES EVERY DAY. BUT MSW IS ALSO A VERY VALUABLE RESOURCE FOR
MAKING - CLEAN RENEWABLE ENERGY, ORGANIC FERTILIZER, SPECIALITY CHEMICALS &
VARIOUS PRODUCTS MADE FROM RECYCLED MATERIALS, SUCH AS - PLASTICS, METAL, GLASS,
PAPER, TEXTILES, RUBBER, ETC. FOR THIS WE HAVE TO ADOPT AN APPROACH OF "WASTE TO
WEALTH". WHILE CONVERTING WASTE TO WEALTH WE ALSO - GENERATE FRESH
EMPLOYMENT, ADDRESS FOOD SECURITY, ENERGY INDEPENDENCE, IMPROVE ENVIRONMENT,
IMPROVE ECOLOGY, CONTROL CLIMATE CHANGE, REDUCE FOREIGN DEPT [IMPORT
SUBSTITUTION], STRENGTHEN ECONOMY, IMPROVE GDP, IMPROVE PUBLIC HEALTH, CONTROL
DISEASES, IMPROVE HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX [HDI], SUSTAINABLE FUTURE & LAST BUT
NOT LEASE IMPROVE AESTHETICS / BEAUTY OF GANGA BASIN.

FOR THIS, WE MUST ENSURE - COLLECTION OF EACH GRADE [WET, DRY, BIOMEDICAL, TOXIC,
HAZARDOUS, ETC], IS DONE SEPARATELY BY DIFFERENT PEOPLE IN DIFFERENT VEHICLES. THIS
WILL ADDRESS MANY PROBLEMS AT ONCE & ALSO INCREASE REVENUE GENERATION ON PPP
BASIS. GOVT MUST ALSO PROCURE ALL ORGANIC FERTILIZERS ON MINIMUM SUPPORT PRISE.
WE ALSO HAVE TO STRICTLY FOLLOW THE SYSTEMS OF PROTECTING BELT ON RIPARIAN ZONE
WHERE MSW IS NOT ALLOWED TO BE DUMPED W/I 20 - 100 METERS FROM THE BANK OF
GANGA RIVER. EVEN IN URBAN PLACES MSW IS COLLECTED EVERYDAY EFFICIENTLY BY
BROUGHT TO "SRZ" ASAP. IF REQUIRED THIS WORK OF COLLECTION CAN BE GIVEN TO PRIVATE
SECTOR ON PPP BASIS.

TYPES OF MSW IN INDIA :- WET [BIODEGRADABLE, INCLUDING DRY WOODY WASTE WHICH IS
BIODEGRADABLE], DRY [NON BIODEGRADABLE- RECYCLABLE], DRY [NON BIODEGRADABLE -
INERT], BIOMEDICAL, TOXIC & HAZARDOUS, RADIOACTIVE. 40%, FOOD & GARDEN WASTE, 5%
GLASS & CERAMICS , 3% METAL, 15% INERT, 4% PLASTIC/ RUBBER, 6 %, TEXTILE, 27 % PAPER.

"SPECIAL RECYCLING ZONE [SRZ]"

BETTER TECHNOLOGY SELECTION, TRAINED MAN-POWER, PUBLIC AWARENESS,
STRENGTHENING INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISM, ENFORCEMENT OF LAW PROVISION, AND
PARTICIPATION OF ALL STAKEHOLDERS ARE THE KEY ELEMENTS IN SOLID WASTE
MANAGEMENT. BUT DESPITE SERIOUS EFFORTS BY MOST OF WASTE MANAGEMENT
ORGANIZATIONS, MUNICIPALITIES, GOVT, NGOS & RESEARCH ORGANIZATIONS ACROSS THE
WORLD INCLUDING EVEN MOST DEVELOPED COUNTRIES. THE EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT OF
MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE & SPECIALLY MANAGEMENT OF - BIOMEDICAL WASTE, E-WASTE,
TOXIC & HAZARDOUS WASTE IS STILL A SERIOUS ISSUE, THE SUCCESS RATE IS VERY LOW
ACROSS THE WORLD. SUITABLE TECHNOLOGIES ARE NOW AVAILABLE BUT THE COST INVOLVED
IS VERY HIGH, THE PROCESS INVOLVED IS RISKY FOR HEALTH & VERY HARMFUL FOR
ENVIRONMENT. THIS HAS LED TO MISMANAGEMENT OF VARIOUS TYPE OF WASTE - RESULTING
IN FURTHER DAMAGE TO ENVIRONMENT & PUBLIC HEALTH.
WE HAVE TO ADOPT AN APPROACH OF - "WASTE TO WEALTH". SIMILAR TO SEZ [SPECIAL
ECONOMIC ZONE], WE SHOULD ALSO PLAN & HAVE "SPECIAL RECYCLING ZONE [SRZ]" FOR
GENERAL, BIOMEDICAL, E-WASTE, TOXIC & HAZARDOUS WASTE MATERIALS, SPECIALLY IN
METROS & BIG CITIES WHERE VARIOUS TYPE OF TOXIC & HAZARDOUS MATERIAL ARE IN
LARGER QUANTITY.

WHERE ALL TYPE OF WASTES ARE BROUGHT [PREFERABLLY COLLECTED BY DIFFERENT PEOPLE
IN DIFFERENT VEHICLES], SEGREGATED, CLEANED, RECOVERED, RECYCLED, PROCESSED &
UTILIZED TO MANUFACTURE FINAL MARKETABLE PRODUCTS IN SAME RECYCLING ZONE. SO ALL
TYPE OF WASTE COMES IN & IS CONVERTED TO FINAL MARKETABLE PRODUCTS, SPECIALITY
CHEMICALS, RENEWABLE ENERGY, VALUABLE METALS RECOVERED & REMAINING MATERIALS
ARE DISTRACTED TO ELEMENTAL FORM. RESULTING IN ZERO DISCHARGE TO LANDFILLS. THE
MSW WILL BE MANAGED AS PER GUIDELINES GIVEN IN -MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE
(MANAGEMENT & HANDLING) RULE, 2000.
- WET [BIODEGRADABLE] WASTE. WILL BE COLLECTED [PREFERABLLY IN SEGREGATED FORM],
WILL BE SEGREGATED & MOST OF RECOVERED MATERIAL WILL BE FURTHER CRUSHED,
HYDRATED, COOKED & SEND TO ANAEROBIC DIGESTION UNIT FOR GENERATING RENEWABLE
ENERGY & ORGANIC FERTILIZER. THE RECOVERED FERTILIZER WILL BE FURTHER MATURED &
MIXED WITH BIOCHAR.
- DRY [RECYCLABLE, WITH SOME INERT MATERIALS] - THIS WASTE WILL BE COLLECTED
SEPARATELY BY DIFFERENT PEOPLE IN DIFFERENT TRUCKS. THIS IS THE MOST PRECIOUS WASTE
& WILL BE FURTHER SEGREGATED, CLEANED, PROCESSED & SEND TO MANUFACTURING UNIT/S
FOR PRODUCING DIFFERENT MARKETABLE PRODUCTS IN SAME ZONE.
- RUBBER TYRE, TUBE RECYCLING. FOR IT'S GROWING POPULATION & VARIOUS NEEDS INDIA
NEEDS HUGE QUANTITY OF RUBBER. ALL THESE PRODUCTS CAN BE EASILY BE MANUFACTURED
FROM RECYCLED TYRE, TUBES, ETC, WHICH GIVES - RUBBER, STEEL & TEXTILE AS RECYCLED
PRODUCT. IN ADDITION TO GENERAL RUBBER PRODUCTS USED IN AUTOMOBILE & OTHER
INDUSTRIES. THIS RECYCLED RUBBER CAN ALSO BE USED IN MAKING SYNTHETIC - RUNNING,
ATHLETICS, TRACK & FIELD TRACKS. THIS SRZ WILL HAVE A COMPLETE TYRE, TUBE RECYCLING
PLANT.
- E-WASTE. ELECTRONIC & ELECTRIC WASTE. WILL BE RECYCLED SPECIFICALLY AS PER THE
GUIDELINES MENTIONED IN - E-WASTE (MANAGEMENT & HANDLING) RULES, 2011. ALL THE E-
WASTE WILL BE DISMANTLED, SEGREGATED, REPROCESSED, RECYCLED & FINAL PRODUCTS,
LIKE - CHIPS, NEW CABINETS, FURNITURES, OTHER PRODUCTS WILL BE MADE, REUSABLE ITEMS
SUCH AS WORKABLE TRANSISTORS, MOTORS, ETC WILL BE RECOVERED & SEND TO USERS IN
SAME ZONE. REMAINING TOXIC MATERIALS & VALUABLE METALS WILL BE SEPARATED BY -
CHEMICAL, CHEMICAL SYNTHESIS, THERMAL & OTHER PROCESSES. WHICH WILL BE SAFELY
PACKED & SOLD TO BUYERS. SUCH AS - LITHIUM, GOLD, SILVER, LEAD, MERCURY, ARSENIC,
CADMIUM, HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM, POLYBROMINATED BIPHENYLS, ETC.
- BIOMEDICAL WASTE WILL MANAGED AS PER LEGAL GUIDELINES - COLLECTED BY SPECIAL
STAFF IN SPECIALLY DESIGNED VEHICLES [ZERO CONTAMINATION] & WILL BE DIRECTLY SEND
TO - PLASMA ARC GASIFICATION UNIT FOR TOTAL DESTRUCTION & RECOVERY.
- TOXIC & HAZARDOUS WASTE. WILL BE MANAGED BY SPECIALISTS IN MOST SCIENTIFIC WAY,
WITHOUT ANY HARM TO ENVIRONMENT, THE COST WILL BE RECOVERED FROM WASTE
GENERATORS. MANAGEMENT OF TOXIC & HAZARDOUS IS A HIGHLY SPECIALIZED SUBJECT
SINCE DIFFERENT WASTE WILL REQUIRE A DIFFERENT PROCESS.
THE FINAL DESTRUCTION & DISPOSAL PROCESS - REMAINING ITEMS WHICH IS NOT
RECYCLABLE, TOO TOXIC, TOO HAZARDOUS, MEDICAL WASTES , ETC SHOULD BE DELIVERED TO
CENTRALIZED UNIT - WHICH IS ABLE TO CONVERT ALL THESE ITEMS TO NON TOXIC, NON HAZ
MATERIALS. CURRENTLY PLASMA ARC GASIFICATION IS THE BEST OPTION AVAILABLE FOR SUCH
ACTIVITIES. SO THE END PRODUCT FROM THIS PROCESS WILL BE - FUEL GAS [WHICH CAN BE
USED FOR ENERGY, MATERIALS RECOVERY + INERT SLAG WHICH CAN BE USED AS
CONSTRUCTION OR ROAD BUILDING AGGREGATE MATERIAL.
- RADIOACTIVE WASTE. CONSTRUCTION WASTE & OTHER INERT / NON RECYCLABLE ITEMS WILL
NOTE BE RECEIVED IN THIS SRZ.

- AFTER CAREFUL ANALYSIS & UNDERSTANDING VARIOUS PROCESS INVOLVED, SUCH "SRZ"
WILL NEED APROX - 5 TYPES OF LARGE SCALE SEGREGATION MACHINERY / UNITS, 3 - 5 TYPE
OF CLEANING / WASHING / PRIMARY RECOVERY MACHINERY / UNITS, 7 - 12 TYPE OF
PROCESSING / RECYCLING MACHINERY / UNITS. COMPLETE LARGE SCALE ANAEROBIC
DIGESTION UNIT WITH ALL COMPONENTS, COMPOST MATURATION / PACKING / DISTRIBUTION
UNIT, 1 MICROWAVE PYROLYSIS UNIT FOR MANAGEMENT OF WOODY BIOMASS, COMPLETE
RUBBER [TYRE, TUBE, ETC] RECYCLING PLANT, 5- 10 TYPE OF SMALL CHEMICAL, CHEMICAL
SYNTHESIS, THERMAL UNITS FOR RECYCLING / RECOVERING / PROCESSING & DISPOSAL OF
TOXIC & HAZARDOUS WASTE. 1 UNIT WITH PLASMA ARC GASIFICATION SYSTEM FOR TOTAL
DESTRUCTION & RECOVERY OF ITEMS IN ELEMENTAL FORM [GAS SYNTHESIS & SOLID [SLAG]
RECOVERY]. IN ADDITION TO ABOVE THE SRZ WILL ALSO REQUIRE - MANAGEMENT
BUILDING/UNIT WITH REQUIRED STAFF WITH -A SECURITY & ADMINISTRATION UNIT,
MONITORING [BY CCTV, ETC] UNIT, MEDICAL SUPPORT UNIT, BANKING FACILITY, CENTRAL
POWER GENERATION & DISTRIBUTION UNIT, WATER TREATMENT UNIT, ETC. THIS IS ONLY THE
HALF PROCESS - NOW IN ORDER TO CREATE "WASTE TO WEALTH", WE WILL HAVE TO CONVERT
ALL THESE RAW MATERIALS TO MARKETABLE PRODUCTS IS SAME RECYCLING ZONE, FOR
WHICH WE WILL REQUIRE VARIOUS - VERY SMALL, SMALL & MEDIUM SIZE ANCILLARY /
MANUFACTURING UNITS, SUCH AS - PLASTIC ITEMS, BOTTLES, FURNITURE, BOX & CABINET FOR
VARIOUS ELECTRONIC / ELECTRONIC ITEMS, METAL PROCESSING, FOUNDRY, INDUSTRIAL
TEXTILE, GEOTEXTILE, PIPES, SCREWS, NUT/BOLTS, ETC. WE HAVE TO FURTHER RESEARCH &
PLAN HOW MANY SUCH UNITS ARE FEASIBLE & WHAT SHOULD BE THE OPTIMUM SIZE OF SUCH
"SRZ". BUT IN ORDER TO MAKE IT FEASIBLE WE MUST RECEIVE MINIMUM 500 M.TON OF DRY +
WET WASTES + BIOMEDICAL + E-WASTE + TOXIC/HAZ WASTES EVERYDAY.

THESE SPECIAL RECYCLING ZONES [SRZ] SHOULD BE AN ENCLOSED INDUSTRIAL AREA, CLOSELY
MONITORED BY POLLUTION CONTROL & OTHER GOVT BODIES. THIS IS WHERE - DRY MSW
[NON BIODEGRADABLE], WET [BIODEGRADABLE] WASTE, E-WASTE, MEDICAL WASTE, TOXIC &
HAZARDOUS WASTE IS BROUGHT IN [PREFERABLLY IN SEGREGATED CONDITION] & PROCESSED.
BY MAKING IT AN ENCLOSED AREA IT WILL BE EASY TO MONITOR & CONTROL THE INCOMING
& OUTGOING MATERIAL,CONTROL EMISSIONS, MAKING IT FEASIBLE & SAFER FOR
ENVIRONMENT. SUCH UNITS CAN BE PROPOSED & BUILT ON PPP MODEL & FACILITIES OF
MANAGING GENERAL DRY MSW [NON TOXIC, NON HAZARDOUS] ARE FURTHER GIVEN TO
SMALL & MEDIUM SIZE VENDORS WHO ARE ALREADY INVOLVED IN THE BUSINESS OF
RECYCLING [SUCH AS - WASTE PROCESSING UNITS, RAG PICKERS, NGOS, KABADIWALAS &
OTHER COMMERCIAL ORGANIZATIONS], E-WASTE MANAGEMENT SHOULD BE GIVEN ONLY TO
SPECIALISTS AS PER LAW [E-WASTE (MANAGEMENT & HANDLING) RULES, 2011], WITH PROPER
LICENSES. HANDLING & MANAGEMENT OF TOXIC & HAZARDOUS WASTE [ALSO RECOVERED
FROM E-WASTE SECTOR] SHOULD ONLY BE GIVEN TO HIGHLY SCIENTIFIC PROCESSING UNITS &
WHO SHOULD BE PAID SUITABLY FOR THE PROCESSING & FINAL DISPOSAL.

SUCH SRZ'S MUST ALSO HAVE : - SUFFICIENT ACCIDENT & DISASTER CONTROL MECHANISM -
SUCH AS FIREFIGHTING, HEALTH & OTHER FACILITIES. THEIR OWN WASTEWATER TREATMENT
FACILITY, WHO EITHER REUSE THE TREATED WASTEWATER OR DISCHARGE ONLY AFTER
TERTIARY LEVEL TREATMENT, OWN POWER GENERATION PLANT, PEOPLE FROM VERY POOR
BACKGROUND, RAG PICKERS ETC, SHOULD BE BROUGHT IN THEN PROPERLY TRAINED,
EMPLOYED & UTILIZED AS PRODUCTIVE WORKFORCE. NEEDLESS TO SAY THEY SHOULD ALSO
GET HOUSING, HEALTH, EDUCATION, FOOD & RECREATION FACILITIES IN SAME VICINITY.

THIS WILL REQUIRE GOVT TO PROVIDE WITH - FREE LAND, POLITICAL, TECHNICAL POLICIES &
FINANCIAL SUPPORT. ALL THE PRODUCTS COMING OUT OF SUCH SRZ MUST BE MADE
COMPLETELY TAX FREE, NOT ONLY BECAUSE WE ARE SAVING ENVIRONMENT FROM DAMAGES
CAUSED BY BAD MANAGEMENT OF MSW, LESS GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS. BUT SIMPLY
BECAUSE GOVT HAVE ALREADY EARNED REQUIRED TAXES APPLIED ON ALL THESE RECYCLABLE
ITEMS. THIS WILL ALSO HELP IN RECOVERING RELATIVELY HIGH COST INVOLVED IN
SEGREGATION & PROCESSING, BUT WILL ALSO ENCOURAGE ENTREPRENEURS TO TAKE
INTEREST IN INVEST IN SUCH NEW CONCEPT.

6. MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE [MSW] MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR SMALL CITIES &
TOWN IN GANGA BASIN.

THERE IS A LONG LIST OF SMALL & MEDIUM SIZE MUNICIPALITIES WHO HAVE
COMPLETELY FAILED TO ADDRESS THE SERIOUS ISSUE OF MSW MANAGEMENT. THE
TRASH IS SPREAD ALL OVER THE PLACE & IN MOST OF CASES DUMPED IN & NEAR
GANGA RIVER. WHERE MORE THEN 40% MSW IS LEFT UNATTENDED. BECAUSE
THESE MUNICIPALITIES ARE NOT PROPERLY ORGANIZED & THEY HAVE SHORTAGE OF
FUNDS, EQUIPMENTS & TRAINED STAFF TO MANAGE MSW. WE CAN ADOPT
DIFFERENT APPROACH FOR SUCH PLACES. HERE THE ENTIRE JOB OF WASTE
MANAGEMENT, SUCH AS - COLLECTION, PREFERABLY IN SEGREGATED CONDITION,
WHICH THEY SHOULD PLAN & MANAGE THEMSELF, RECYCLING, PROCESSING IS
DONE BY ONE COMPANY. SUCH COMPANY SHOULD ALSO HAVE THEIR OWN
WASTEWATER TREATMENT FACILITY, WHO EITHER REUSE THE TREATED
WASTEWATER OR DISCHARGE ONLY AFTER TERTIARY LEVEL WATER TREATMENT.
THIS SHOULD BE DONE WITH STRICT GUIDELINES, SUCH AS - ALL BIODEGRADABLE
WASTE SHOULD ONLY BE USED IN - ANAEROBIC DIGESTION PLANT OR COMPOSTING
PLANT [AT THE SAME TIME GOVT [STATES, CENTRAL, AGRICULTURAL BODIES, OTHER
GOVT N PRIVATE FERTILIZER COMPANIES, ETC] SHOULD PROCURE ALL THE ORGANIC
FERTILIZER AT AN AGREED MSP. ALL THE DRY [NON BIODEGRADABLE - RECYCLABLE]
MSW IS FURTHER SEGREGATED & PROCESSED, ONLY INERT / NON RECYCLABLE
MATERIAL [ABOUT 15 -25%] IS ALLOWED TO BE SEND TO LANDFILL & OTHER PLACES
WITH PRIOR PERMISSION FROM MUNICIPALITIES. SUCH PRIVATE WASTE
MANAGEMENT COMPANIES SHOULD ALSO GUARANTEE THAT THEY WILL EMPLOY
ALL OR A SPECIFIED NUMBER TO PEOPLE CURRENTLY INVOLVED IN WASTE
MANAGEMENT, SUCH AS RAG PICKERS, KABADIWALAS, PLASTIC RECYCLERS, ETC.

IN MOST OF MUNICIPALITIES THERE IS A SERIOUS PROBLEM WITH TRASHBINS. THEY

ARE NOT SUFFICIENT IN NUMBERS, EXISTING TRASHBINS ARE TOO OLD, BROKEN,
NON FUNCTIONAL, TOO DIRTY, UNHYGIENIC & MOSTLY OVERLOADED. THIS IS ONE
OF THE MAJOR REASON WHY PUBLIC IS THROWING GARBAGE ANYWARE ON
STREETS, IN / NEAR GANGA RIVER. THE WASTE MANAGEMENT COMPANY MUST
PROMISES & PLACES MINIMUM NUMBER OF TRASHBINS [SEPARATE FOR WET & DRY
WASTE] IN AREAS SPECIFIED BY MUNICIPALITY.

FINANCE & INCOME. ESTABLISHING & OPERATING SUCH INFRASTRUCTURE WILL

COST A LOT OF MONEY, UNLESS SUFFICIENTLY COMPENSATED NO ONE WILL TAKE
UP THE JOB. THE MUNICIPALITIES SHOULD TRANSFER RIGHTS [FULL OR PARTIAL] OF
ADVERTISEMENTS, HOARDINGS, ETC TO SUCH COMPANIES. SUCH COMPANIES CAN
ALSO RECOVER SOME COST FROM SELLING PRODUCTS RECOVERED & PROCESSED
FROM MSW. SUCH AS - ENERGY, COMPOST, PLASTICS, METALS, GLASS, PAPER, ETC.

7. INDUSTRIAL & COMMERCIAL POLLUTION CONTROL.

POLLUTION CONTROL. IS A SERIOUS ISSUE WHICH DIRECTLY EFFECTS NATURAL ENVIRONMENT

& GANGA RIVER. CURRENTLY MOST OF DISEASES ARE CAUSED DUE TO POLLUTED WATER, AIR
& SOIL. MORE PEOPLE DIE BECAUSE OF IT THEN ANY OTHER CAUSE. THERE ARE 3 MEDIUMS
OF POLLUTIONS NAMELY - AIR, WATER & SOIL. WHICH IS GENERATED BROADLY BY -
TRANSPORTATION, POWER GENERATION, LEATHER TANNING INDUSTRY, OTHER INDUSTRIES,
COMMERCIAL ORGANIZATIONS, INSTITUTIONS, AGRICULTURE, MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE,
INCINERATION, LANDFILLS & WASTEWATER, ETC. EACH TYPE OF POLLUTION HAVE DIFFERENT
CHARACTERISTICS & THEREFORE EACH POLLUTANT IN DIFFERENT MEDIUMS WILL REQUIRE A
DIFFERENT PROCESS & APPROACH TO FIX THE PROBLEM.
THE BEST OPTION IS TO SEQUESTER ANY TYPE POLLUTION IS AT SOURCE ONLY. BECAUSE WHEN
IT REACHES ENVIRONMENT [AIR, WATER, SOIL] IT BECOMES VERY EXPENSIVE & MOST OF
TIMES PRACTICALLY IMPOSSIBLE TO REMOVE. WE ALREADY HAVE LAWS TO PROTECT OUR
ENVIRONMENT FROM VARIOUS TYPE OF POLLUTIONS. BUT THE BIGGEST PROBLEM IS STRICT
APPLICATION OF THESE LAWS. IN MOST OF DEVELOPED COUNTRIES. STRICT LAWS ARE IN
PLACES WITH VERY CLEAR GUIDELINES, WHERE YEARLY EMISSION & DISCHARGE PERMITS ARE
GIVEN, WHICH ARE PERIODICALLY INSPECTED & CERTIFIED BY GOVT AUTHORIZED LABS. IT IS
VERY IMPORTANT TO ADOPT SUCH WELL PLANNED, SYSTEMATIC & STRICT PRACTICES IN INDIA
AS WELL. LAWS WITHOUT COMPREHENSIVE, FINANCIALLY VIABLE & WORKABLE PLAN IS AN
INCOMPLETE APPROACH, WHICH ULTIMATELY LEADS TO HIDING THE CASES & INCREASE IN
CORRUPTION.

ONE OF THE MAJOR HURDLE IN FOLLOWING ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION LAWS - SPECIALLY

BY INDUSTRIAL & COMMERCIAL ORGANIZATIONS IS LIMITATION OF EFFICIENT TECHNOLOGIES,
PRODUCTS & SOLUTIONS, WHICH ARE SIMPLE TO OPERATE AT AFFORDABLE COST. IN CASE OF
DEALING WITH TOXIC & HAZARDOUS POLLUTANTS TECHNOLOGICAL OPTIONS ARE LIMITED,
DIFFICULT TO OPERATE & ARE VERY EXPENSIVE. FOR EACH TYPE OF POLLUTION THERE ARE
MANY SUCCESSFUL TECHNOLOGIES AVAILABLE IN INDIA & ACROSS THE WORLD. GOVT IS
ALREADY AWARE OF - POLLUTERS, POLLUTANTS, POLLUTION TYPES, EXTENT & IMPACT. BUT
VERY LITTLE WORK IS DONE BY GOVT TO SOLVE THESE PROBLEMS, WHAT GOVT SHOULD DO IS
TO IDENTIFY & PROMOTE THESE POLLUTION CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES, GIVE SUBSIDIES &
INCENTIVES. ALSO MAKE A LIST OF THESE TECHNOLOGIES & EDUCATE EACH POLLUTER ABOUT
WHICH SPECIFIC TECHNOLOGY TO BE USED BY THEM. GOVT MUST ALSO GIVE FINANCIAL
SUPPORT, SUCH AS - EASY LOANS / INSTALMENTS, SOME KIND OF TAX / VAT / EXCISE BENEFIT
FOR POLLUTERS TO RECOVER ADDITIONAL COST & PROPER TECHNICAL TRAINING FOR EASY
OPERATIONS. WHEN A POLLUTERS BECOME ECO-FRIENDLY, THEY CAN GENERATE SOME
ADDITION INCOME BY MARKETING THEIR PRODUCTS & PROCESS AS ECO-FRIENDLY. LAST BUT
NOT THE LEAST WE SHOULD TRY N ELIMINATE OR REDUCE USE OF TOXIC & HAZARDOUS RAW
MATERIALS. WE SHOULD ALSO TRY TO EXPLORE PROCESSES WHERE EMISSIONS & DISCHARGE
OF TOXIC & HAZARDOUS MATERIALS IS ELIMINATED OR MINIMIZED.

8 INCREASE GREEN / FOREST COVER - BY ORGANIC FARMING, AFFORESTATION,

AGROFORESTRY, URBAN FORESTRY & NATURAL PERMACULTURE.

- INDIA IS ONE OF THE FEW COUNTRIES WHO HAVE ACHIEVED GREAT SUCCESS IN INCREASING
& MAINTAINING FOREST COVER. FROM 40.48 MILLION HECTARE IN 1950 [AFTER BRITISHERS
LEFT] TO 69 MILLION HECTARE IN 2007, WHICH COVERS ABOUT 23% OF LAND, BUT LOOKING
AT NATIVE FLORA & FAUNA DURING PRE-INDUSTRIAL ERA THERE IS STILL SCOPE TO INCREASE
FURTHER.
- ONE SOLUTION OF MANY PROBLEMS IS TO PLANT AS MANY TREES AS POSSIBLE, BECAUSE
TREES ARE THE BASE OF HEALTHY ECOSYSTEMS & SOLDERS OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION.
WHEREVER WE HAVE TREES SMALL PLANTS, SHRUBS, GRASSES, HEALTHY MICROBES, HUMUS
SOIL & SYMBIOTIC LIVING ORGANISMS [BIRDS, INSECTS & OTHER ANIMALS] AUTOMATICALLY
PROSPER. TREES ALSO EXTRACT NUTRIENTS FROM DEEP SOIL, HOLD SOIL, REDUCE - RUNOFF /
LANDSLIDES / POLLUTION / BAD ODOR / DUST / NOISE POLLUTION, SEQUESTER / STORE
CARBON, IMPROVE WATER INFILTRATION, SOIL FERTILITY, BIODIVERSITY / WILDLIFE, PROVIDE
FOOD, IMPROVE BEAUTY, FODDER & LIVELIHOOD, ETC. WHILE PLANTING WE SHOULD FIRST
SELECT MOST SUITABLE NATIVE TREES ONLY, ALSO ENSURE THAT NUTRIENTS & WATER IS
AVAILABLE IN SOIL, SUFFICIENT DISTANCE IS MAINTAINED. PLANTATION IS ITSELF IS NOT
SUFFICIENT, WE SHOULD ENSURE THAT TREES GROW & SURVIVE FOR LONG TIME.
- ORGANIC FARMING IS THE INDIAN TRADITIONAL NATURAL FARMING, WHICH HAVE MANY
BENEFITS [YIELD IS GOOD, BATTER TASTE, HEALTHY, PAYS MORE MONEY, ECOFRIENDLY]. BUT
THEN CAME SO CALLED GREEN REVOLUTION - WHICH WAS A SUCCESS IN BEGINNING BUT
THEN WITH INCREASED USE CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS, PESTICIDES, INSECTICIDES, HERBICIDES,
FUNGICIDES, SOIL FERTILITY WAS LOST, MICROBES DIED, HUMUS LOST, SOIL LOST CAPACITY TO
HOLD WATER & NUTRIENTS, WHICH FURTHER RESULTED IN RUNOFF, INCREASED
EUTROPHICATION OF GANGA RIVER, RESULTING IN DEAD ZONES, THAT DEVASTATED LIFES OF
INNOCENT FARMERS - & MANY OF THEM HAD NO OPTION BUT TO COMMIT SUICIDE. NOW WE
ARE SLOWLY UNDERSTANDING BENEFITS OF ORGANIC FOODS. IF COMBINED WITH IPM
[INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT] WHICH DOSE NOT USE TOXIC CHEMICAL PESTICIDES, ETC.
THE CONCEPT OF ORGANIC FARMING WILL YIELD VERY GOOD RESULTS. IN INDIA WE GENERATE
ABOUT 160000 MT OF MSW EVERYDAY, WHICH HAVE ABOUT 40% BIODEGRADABLE WASTE
WHICH CAN BE EASILY CONVERTED TO ORGANIC FERTILIZER AT LOW COST IN ECO-FRIENDLY
WAY. BUT THE BIGGEST PROBLEM IS MARKETING OF ORGANIC FERTILIZER. MY SUGGESTION IS
GOVT SHOULD PROCURE THIS ENTIRE ORGANIC FERTILIZER AT A MINIMUM SUPPORT PRICE,
THEN THEY SHOULD MARKET IT OR BARTER [SAY 5 - 15% OF GRAINS THEY PROCURE ON MSP]
THIS FERTILIZER WITH FARMERS AGAINST GRAINS THEY HAVE TO PROCURE ON MSP. BY DOING
THIS EVERYONE WILL BE BENEFITED. THE BIGGEST BENEFIT WILL BE BATTER ENVIRONMENT
BECAUSE IT WILL AUTOMATICALLY SOLVE PROBLEM OF ORGANIC MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE
MANAGEMENT, KEEP INDIA FREE FROM GARBAGE & ALSO HEALTHY, HYGIENIC & BEAUTIFUL.
- AFFORESTATION. WHICH MEANS TO PLANT TREES IN PLACES WHERE THERE ARE NOT TREES
AVAILABLE PRESENTLY. ONE OF THE BEST OPTION IS TO RESERVE [WHEREEVER POSSIBLE] 20 -
40 FEET STRIP ON BOTH SIDES OF NATIONAL & OTHER HIGHWAYS, MAIN ROADS FOR TREE
PLANTATION. IN ADDITION WE SHOULD PLANT TREES WHEREVER POSSIBLE.
- AGROFORESTRY IS A PRACTICE WHERE FARMING OF SEASONAL CROPS IS DONE IN
COMBINATION WITH PERENNIAL TREES [GENERALLY IN ROWS], THIS WAS ALREADY PRACTICED
IN INDIAN TRADITIONAL AGRICULTURE, BUT AFTER GREEN REVOLUTION SUCH PRACTICES
WERE REDUCED, SO THEY SHOULD BE PROMOTED AGAIN. IN ADDITION TO GENERAL BENEFITS
FROM TREES MENTIONED ABOVE. IF MANAGED PROPERLY SOME SCIENTISTS SUGGEST THAT
AGROFORESTRY CAN INCREASE YIELD & PROFITABILITY FROM SAME LAND FROM 20 - 60%.
- URBAN FORESTRY IS NOT A NEW CONCEPT BUT NOW WITH INCREASING LEVELS OF
POLLUTION IT HAS BECOME MORE IMPORTANT TO INCREASE GREEN COVER. EACH & EVERY
CITY, TOWN & VILLAGE MUST HAVE A PLAN TO INCREASE GREENERY, WHERE THEY SHOULD FIX
MINIMUM NUMBER OF TREES TO BE PLANTED AT VARIOUS LOCATIONS EACH YEAR & ENSURE
THESE SURVIVE FOR LONG TIME.
- PERMACULTURE. IS ALSO INTERPRETED AS PERMANENT AGRICULTURE. WHICH MEANS
FARMING MIXED AGRICULTURE CROPS ALONG WITH VARIOUS TREES, SOMEWHAT SIMILAR A
FOREST ECOSYSTEM. KINDLY NOTE PERMACULTURE FARMING PRACTICES HAVE SHOWN VERY
GOOD SUCCESS, THIS CAN BE VERY BENEFICIAL FOR SMALL FARMERS WITH SMALL LAND.

9. STOPPING & CONVERTING LANDFILL SIGHTS FOR POLLUTION CONTROL &

RENEWABLE POWER GENERATION.

LANDFILLS & OPEN DUMPING IS THE EASIEST & OLDEST PROCESS FOR GETTING RID OF MSW, IN
MANY CITIES, TOWNS & VILLAGES IN GANGA BASIN MSW IS DISPOSED IN LANDFILLS OR OPEN
DUMPING GROUNDS. BUT THIS IS ONE OF THE WORST PRACTICE. SPECIALLY NEAR GANGA
MOST OF THIS MSW ENDS UP IN RIVER AFTER HEAVY RAINS & RUNOFF, VALUABLE MATERIAL
[WET, DRY - RECYCLABLE] ARE LOST, IT CREATES VISUAL, SOIL, WATER & AIR POLLUTION. EMITS
HUGE AMOUNT OF GREENHOUSE GASES SUCH AS METHANE, HYDROGEN SULFIDE, ETC.
LEACHATE CAUSES ENVIRONMENTAL HAVOC, POLLUTES - SOIL, GROUNDWATER & SURFACE
WATER OF GANGA. HARBORS VARIOUS TYPE OF DISEASES. EVEN THE MOST ADVANCED
SANITARY LANDFILL SIGHTS ARE NOT VERY SAFE FOR ENVIRONMENT. BECAUSE IT STILL EMIT
HUGE AMOUNT OF METHANE & OTHER TOXIC GASES. RECENTLY RESEARCHERS HAVE FOUND
THAT EVEN THE BEST GEOTEXTILE LINING MATERIALS USED HAVE FAILED & LEACHATE HAVE
ACTUALLY CONTAMINATED SOIL & GROUNDWATER. BECAUSE THE LEACHATE IS HIGHLY
CONDENSED [WITH - HEAVY METALS, TOXIC, ACIDIC COMPONENTS]. THE MOST
ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY OPTION IS TO GO FOR COMPLETE RECYCLING & REUSE OF MSW.
ALL LANDFILLS & DUMPING SIGHTS IN GANGA BASIN MUST BE STOPPED QUICKLY IN A PHASED
OUT WAY. ALL LANDFILLS SHOULD BE COVERED WITH CLAY & SYNTHETIC GEOTEXTILE & THE
LANDFILL GAS EXTRACTION SHOULD BE PROMOTED. LANDFILL GAS IS GENERATED BY
DECOMPOSING MICROBES BY ANAEROBIC / AEROBIC DIGESTION PROCESS, WHICH IS MOSTLY
METHANE & CARBONDIOXYDE. MOST OF LANDFILL SIGHTS CAN EFFICIENTLY PRODUCE GAS
FOR 15 - 50 YEARS. THERE ARE MANY TECHNOLOGIES AVAILABLE - BOILERS, INTERNAL
COMBUSTION ENGINES, TURBINES, MICROTURBINES. FUEL CELL. IN ALL THESE PROCESS GAS
CLEANING PRIOR TO COMBUSTION IS MOST IMPORTANT. THESE TECHNOLOGIES ARE READILY
AVAILABLE & SCALABLE. EACH SIGHT FOR LANDFILL GAS GENERATION SHOULD BE PROPERLY
INVESTIGATED & BEST TECHNOLOGY SHOULD BE USED TO DEAL WITH PROBLEM OF "NMOC'
COMPOUNDS WHICH ARE HARMFUL TO ENVIRONMENT. BY STOPPING & CONVERTING ALL
EXISTING LANDFILL & OPEN DUMPING SIGHTS TO LANDFILL GAS RECOVERY & RENEWABLE
ENERGY GENERATION UNIT WE ENJOY MANY BENEFITS - RENEWABLE ENERGY AT LOW COST,
WITH FURTHER PROCESSING QUALITY OF LANDFILL GAS CAN ALSO BE IMPROVED TO LPG /
LNG, GET FREEDOM FROM AIR, SOIL, WATER & VISUAL POLLUTION CAUSED BY LANDFILLS &
DUMPING YARDS. GOVT. SHOULD PROMOTE THESE ACTIVITIES AGGRESSIVELY.

10. LOCAL ADMINISTRATION - PUBLIC PARTNERSHIP FOR - EDUCATION, PUBLIC

AWARENESS, SURVEILLANCE & DISCIPLINE MANAGEMENT IN RIPARIAN ZONE.
MAINTAINING CLEANLINESS, LAW & ORDER IS THE MOST IMPORTANT ISSUE - WHICH WILL
REQUIRE ACTIVE PARTICIPATION & SUPPORT FROM - CENTRAL / STATE GOVT, NATIONAL
GANGA RIVER BASIN AUTHORITY, LOCAL ADMINISTRATION, MUNICIPALITIES, POLICE,
RELIGIOUS LEADERS, PUBLIC, NGOS, STUDENTS, SOCIAL GROUPS, ETC. WE ALREADY HAVE
LAWS, GUIDELINES & COURT RULINGS BUT THE PROBLEM IS LOCAL ADMINISTRATIONS &
MUNICIPALITIES ARE UNABLE TO ENFORCE THEM, DUE TO -
LIMITED RESOURCE, INSUFFICIENT SURVEILLANCE, NO MONITORING, LACK OF POLITICAL WILL
& VERY LITTLE ACTIVE PARTICIPATION & INVOLVEMENT OF PUBLIC [THE MOST IMPORTANT
LINK]. FIRST WE MUST DECLARE ALL THE WARDS WITHIN 20 - 100 METERS FROM BANKS OF
GANGA AS SPECIAL AREA RIPARIAN ZONE POLICE STATIONS / WARDS. WHO SHOULD BE GIVEN
ADDITIONAL RESPONSIBILITY, RESOURCES, EQUIPMENTS, MANPOWER & AUTHORITY TO
APPOINT PUBLIC REPRESENTATIVES FROM EACH WARD, LOCALITY ON PART / FULL TIME BASIS
TO HELP THEM MONITOR, MANAGE CLEANLINESS, LAW & ORDER.
- JOB OF THESE PUBLIC REPRESENTATIVES SHOULD BE TO RUN REGULAR PUBLIC AWARENESS /
EDUCATION CAMPAIGN,TEACH PROCEDURE, WHAT ARE THE LAWS,
BENEFITS OF HYGIENE, MONITOR CLEANLINESS, REPORT ANY MISCONDUCT TO MUNICIPALITY
WITH COPY TO POLICE. THERE SHOULD BE DAILY ONLINE REPORTING & ACTION TAKEN
SYSTEM.
SPECIAL CARE MUST BE TAKEN TO ENSURE FOLLOWING.
- THAT CCTV CAMERA ARE INSTALLED & ARE IN WORKING CONDITION AT ALL IMPORTANT
PUBLIC PLACES [GHATS, RIVERSIDES, MARKETS, RELIGIOUS PLACES OR WHEREVER PUBLIC
ACTIVITY IS HIGH], CONNECTED TO MUNICIPALITIES, LOCAL POLICE STATIONS & PUBLIC
REPRESENTATIVES. THIS WILL NOT ONLY IMPROVE CLEANLINESS BUT WILL ALSO IMPROVE LAW
& ORDER SITUATION BECAUSE OF BATTER SURVEILLANCE.
- THEY MUST MONITOR & ENSURE THAT VARIOUS PEOPLE, SWEEPERS, GARBAGE COLLECTORS,
VEHICLES & ORGANIZATIONS INVOLVED IN CLEANLINESS ARE WORKING EFFICIENTLY EVERY
DAY. REQUIRED NUMBER & TYPE [WET / DRY SEPARATE] OF CLEAN TRASHBINS ARE PLACED IN
SPECIFIED LOCATIONS.
- MONITOR THAT. NO ONE IS LITTERING IN OPEN PUBLIC PLACES, GARBAGE IS DISPOSED IN
CORRECT MANNER, NO ONE IMMERSING - HALF BURNED / PARTIALLY BURNED BODIES IN
GANGA [ALLOW ONLY ELECTRIC CREMATION ON GHATS], NO ONE IS IMMERSING DEAD
ANIMALS IN GANGA, NO ONE IS USING RIVER BANKS AS OPEN TOILET [PROPER PUBLIC TOILETS
MUST BE BUILD], ILLEGAL RIVER SAND / STONE MINING IS STOPPED, NO UNAUTHORIZED
CONSTRUCTION TAKES PLACE IN RIPARIAN ZONE, NO ONE IS DISCHARGING RAW SEWAGE IN
GANGA, WASHING CLOTHS ON RIVER BANKS IS STOPPED [BUILD MODERN LAUNDRIES -
SIMILAR TO AHAMADABAD].
- IN ORDER TO STOP FURTHER SPREAD OF DISEASES. A SYSTEM [SIMILAR TO SWIMMING
POOLS] OF PRE DIP INSPECTION TO ENSURE PEOPLE ARE CLEAN & HAVE NO SKIN DISEASES
[LAPROSY, CHICKEN POX, INFECTION, ETC] CAN BE TRIED ON TRIAL BASIS ON SOME GHAT TO
CHECK PUBLIC SUPPORT & RESPONSE.
- DURING FESTIVALS & SPECIAL OCCASIONS ADDITIONAL ARRANGEMENTS SHOULD BE MADE
FOR CLEANLINESS. LOCAL PUBLIC, STUDENTS CAN BE ASKED TO JOIN AS VOLUNTEERS FOR
SUCH TIME.