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Inflorescence y Ovulos
Inflorescence y Ovulos
Inflorescence y Ovulos
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I9I2] CURRENT LITERATURE 263
The conclusionsare that "the radial structureof the seed, the shortfree
apical portionof the nucellus,the presenceof a pollenchamber,the extension
ofthebundlesystemintothefreeportionoftheinnerintegument, thecomplex
structureof the outerintegument, are all pointsof contrastwithWelwitschia,
and probably indicate the more primitivenature of the Gnetumovule."
Resemblancesto Bennellitesare also pointedout, and the generalimpression
is leftthat Gnetum,Welwitschia, Bennettites,and Lagenostoma, on the basis of
ovule structure,are all fromsome commonancestralstock.-J. M. C.
Annual ring and medullary rays of Quercus.-GROoMo8 has investi-
gated the evolutionof the annual ringand medullaryrays of the oak, using
numerousand widelydistributedspecies,and has reachedthe followingcon-
clusions. The verydistinctannual ringsof the deciduousspeciesbecomeless
markedin evergreenspecies, but may be recognizedby certain structural
featuresthat are enumerated,any one or more of which may be lacking.
There is an interestingcorrespondence betweenthe habit and the arrange-
ment of the large vessels in the annual ring. "Species showingthe most
strikingpore-zoneare deciduous; those showingit regularlyand distinctly,
but not havingso markeda disproportion in size betweenthe innermostand
outermostvessels,are subevergreen;whilstthose species withno trace of a
pore-zoneare trulyevergreen." In addition to these categories,there are
transitionalformswith corresponding transitionsin the pore-zonedisplay.
All specieswere foundto possess uniseriateshallowmedullaryrays,and
somepossessalso broad,highmultiseriate rays; and therearenumeroustransi-
tional stages betweenthese two kinds of rays. The authorwas not able to
decide which type was primitive,the evidence being contradictory as yet.
There are cases, as in seedlingsof Quercusand Alnus (BAILEY and EAMES), in
whichnarrowraysformbroad ones; othercases, as in Fagus (JOST),in which
broad rays divide into smallerones; and still othercases, as in seedlingsof
Fagus (TABOR), in whichboth kinds of changesgo on simultaneously in the
raysof the same annual ring.-J. M. C.
Animal parasites of Nepenthes.-An interestingcase of symbiosis,
somewhatanalogousto thepresenceof intestinalparasitesinanimals,has been
reportedby JENSEN.'9 The pitchersofNepenthes have longbeen knownto be
partiallyfilledwitha fluidcontainingenzymesin whichdead insectsseem to
be digested,but onlywiththeobservationsofthepresentauthorhas attention
been directedto the fact that several species of dipterouslarvae appear to
develop normallyin this fluid. So abundantare they that JENSEN declares
thatofthehundredsofpitchershe has examinedfromyearto yearat Tjibodas,