POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES

COLLEGE OF LAW

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW, ELECTION LAW AND

THE LAW ON PUBLIC OFFICERS

PART A. ADMINISTRATIVE LAW

I. GENERAL PRINCIPLES

§ Definitions
a. Administrative Law
b. Government of the Republic of the Philippines (see Administrative
Code of 1987, Section 2)
c. National Government (see Administrative Code of 1987, Section 2)
d. Local Government (see Administrative Code of 1987, Section 2)
e. Agency of the Government (see Administrative Code of 1987, Section
2)
f. Department (see Administrative Code of 1987, Section 2)
g. Bureau (see Administrative Code of 1987, Section 2)
h. Office (see Administrative Code of 1987, Section 2)
i. Instrumentality (see Administrative Code of 1987, Section 2)
j. Regulatory agency (see Administrative Code of 1987, Section 2)
k. Chartered institution (see Administrative Code of 1987, Section 2)
l. Government-owned or controlled corporation (see Administrative Code
of 1987, Section 2)
§ GOCC Governance Act of 2011 (Republic Act No. 10149)
§ Kinds of Administrative Law
§ Scope of Administrative Law
§ Sources of Administrative Law

Cases:

1. Mecano v. COA, 216 SCRA 500

2. Leveriza v. IAC 157 SCRA 282
3. Luzon Development Bank v. Association of Luzon Dev. Bank Employees,
64 SCAD 918 or 249 SCRA 162
4. Iron and Steel Authority v. Court of Appeals, 65 SCAD 261 or 249 SCRA
538

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II. ADMINISTRATIVE AGENCIES

§ Creation, Establishment and Abolition of Administrative Agencies

Cases:
1. Crisostomo v. Court of Appeals, 258 SCRA 134
2. Viola v. Alunan, III, 277 SCRA 409 (1997)
3. Biraogo v. The Philippine Truth Commission of 2010, G.R. No.
192935, Dec. 7, 2010

§ Reorganization of Administrative Agencies

a. Definition of Reorganization
b. President’s power to reorganize; basis
c. Power of other agencies to reorganize; limitations
Cases:
1. Anak Mindanao Party-List Group v. The Executive Secretary, G.R. No.
166052, August 29, 2007
2. Bagaoisan v. National Tobacco Administration, G.R. No. 152845,
August 5, 2003
3. Kapisanan ng mga Kawani ng Energy Regulatory Board v.
Commissioner Fe Barin, G.R. No. 150974, June 29, 2007
4. National Land Titles and Deeds Registration Administration v. Civil
Service Commission, 221 SCRA 145
5. Eugenio v. Civil Service Commission, 60 SCAD 262 or 242 SCRA 196
(1995)

§ Reasons/purposes for creating administrative agencies

§ Common types of administrative agencies

III. POWER OF ADMINISTRATIVE AGENCIES

§ General Principles

Cases:
1. Makati Stock Exchange, Inc. v. Securities and Exchange Commission, 16
SCRA 623 (1965)
2. Kilusang Bayan, etc. v. Dominguez, 205 SCRA 92 (1992)
3. Senator Robert S. Jaworksi v. PAGCOR, G.R. No. 144463, January 14,
2004
4. Radio Communications of the Phils., v. National Telecommunications
Commission, 215 SCRA 455 (1992)
5. Cooperative Development Authority v. Dolefil Agrarian Reform
Beneficiaries Cooperative, Inc., 382 SCRA 552 (2002)
6. Matienzo v. Abellera, 162 SCRA 11 (1988)
7. Laguna Lake Development Authority v. Court of Appeals, 49 SCAD 649 or
231 SCRA 292 (1994)

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§ Quasi-Legislative Power (Rule-Making)

a. Legislative power
b. Doctrine of Separation of Powers
c. Non-delegation of legislative power
d. Exceptions to the doctrine of non-delegation of legislative power

Cases:
1. US v. Barrias, 11 Phil. 327 (1908)
2. People v. Vera, 65 Phil 327 (1937)
3. Eastern Shipping Lines, Inc. v. POEA, 166 SCRA 533 (1988)
4. Rabor v. CSC, 244 SCRA 614 (1995)
5. Re: Entitlement to Hazard Pay of SC Medical and Dental Clinic Personnel,
A.M. No. 03-9-02-SC, Nov. 27, 2008

e. Kinds of Administrative Rules and Regulations

o Supplementary or detailed legislation

o Interpretative legislation
o Contingent legislation

Cases:
1. ABAKADA Guro Party List v. Purisima, G.R. No. 166715, August 14,
2008
2. Gutierrez v. DBM, G.R. No. 153266, March 18, 2010 (and other
allied cases)
3. BPI Leasing v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 127624, Nov. 18, 2003
4. Board of Trustees v. Velasco, G.R. No. 170436, February 2, 2011

f. Requisites for Validity of Administrative Rules and Regulations

Cases:
1. Dagan v. Philippine Racing Commission, G.R. No. 175220, February
12, 2009
2. Smart Communications Inc., v. NTC, G.R. No. 151908, August 12,
2003
3. Conte v. Commission on Audit, 76 SCAD 16 or 264 SCRA 19 (1996)

g. Penal Rules and Regulations

Cases:

1. People v. Santos, 63 Phil. 300 (1936)

2. People v. Que Po Lay, 94 Phil. (1954)
3. People v. Maceren, 79 SCRA 450 (1977)

h. Force and effect of administrative rules and regulations

Cases:
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1. Peralta v. Civil Service Commission, 212 SCRA 425 (1992)
2. Javellana v. DILG, 212 SCRA 475 (1992)

i. Requirements of notice and hearing or publication

Case:

1. Commissioner of Internal Revenue v. Court of Appeals, 261 SCRA 236

(1996)
2. Commissioner of Customs v. Hypermix Feeds Corp., G.R. No. 179579,
Feb. 1, 2012

j. Construction of administrative rules and regulations

Case:

1. Victorias Milling Co v. Social Security Commission, 4 SCRA 627

2. National Food Authority v. MASADA Security Agency, G.R. No. 163448,
March 8, 2005
3. SGMC Realty Corporation v. Office of the President, G.R. No. 126999,
August 30, 2000

k. Prospective or retroactive operation of rules and regulation

Case:

1. Commissioner of Internal Revenue v. Azucena T. Reyes, G.R. No.

159694, January 27, 2006
2. Rosario Dadulo v. Honorable Court of Appeals, Office of the
Ombudsman, et al, G.R. No. 175451, Sept. 28, 2007

l. Amendment or repeal of administrative rules and regulations

Case:

1. Republic of the Philippines v. Express Telecommunications Company,

Inc., G.R. No. 147096, January 15, 2002

m. Administrative rule and interpretation distinguished

o. Kinds of executive interpretations of the law

Case:
1. San Miguel Corp. v. Inciong, 103 SCRA 139 (1981)

p. Weight accorded to contemporaneous construction

Case:
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 1. Asturias Sugar Central Inc. v. Commissioner of Customs, 29 SCRA
617 (1967)

r. When contemporaneous construction disregarded

s. Erroneous construction creates no right; exception

§ Quasi-Judicial Power (Adjudicatory)

a. Definition

Cases:
1. Carino v. Commission on Human Rights, 204 SCRA 483 (1991)
2. Megaworld Globus Asia, Inc. v. DSM Construction and Development
Corp., GR No. 153310, March 2, 2004
3. NAPOCOR v. Hon. Rose Marie Alonzo-Leasto, GR No. 148318, Nov.
22,2004

b. Distinguished from quasi-legislative functions

Cases:
1. Lupangco v. Court of Appeals, 160 SCRA 848 (1988)

c. Jurisdiction

Cases:
1. Chin v. Land Bank of the Philippines, 201 SCRA 190 (1991)
2. Azarcon v. Sandiganbayan, 268 SCRA 747 (1997)

d. Administrative Due Process

Administrative Procedure (1987 Administrative Code, Book VII)

a. Definition of "contested case"

b. Institution of proceedings
c. Forum shopping
d. Acquisition of jurisdiction of quasi-judicial agency
e. Default in administrative case
f. Hearing
g. Subpoena
h. Contempt power
i. Evidence

e. Due Process in Quasi-Judicial Proceedings

Generally
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 Case:
1. Santiago v. Alikpala, 25 SCRA 356 (1968)
2. NDC v. Collector of Customs, 9 SCRA 429 (1963)

f. Cardinal Primary Requirements of Due Process

Case:
1. Fabella v. CA, 89 SCAD 264 or 282 SCRA 256 (1997)
2. Lupo v. Adminstrative Action Board, 190 SCRA 69 (1990)
3. Madenilla v. CSC, 194 SCRA 278 (1991)

g. Administrative Appeal and Review

Administrative procedure

• Generally

Case:
1. Kanlaon Construction Enterprises Co., Inc. v. NLRC. 87 SCAD 196
or 279 SCRA 337 (1997)

• Rules subject to Supreme Court modification

Case:
1. First Lepanto Ceramics, Inc. v. Court of Appeals, 231 SCRA 30
(1994)

• Technical rules not applicable

h. Administrative Res Judicata

• Definition
• Exceptions

Cases:
1. Exec. Judge Henry Basilla v. Judge Amado L. Becamon, Clerk of
Court Lolita delos Reyes and Junior Process Server Eddie delos
Reyes, MCTC, Placer-Esperanza-Cawayan, Masbate, G.R. No. A.M.
No. MTJ-02-1404, December 14, 2004
2. National Housing Authority v. Segunda Almeida, Court of Appeals
and RTC of San Pedro, Laguna Br. 31, G.R. No. 162784, June 22,
2007
3. Judge Felimon Abelita III, v. P/Supt. German Doria and SPO3
Cesar Ramirez, G.R. No. 170672, August 14, 2009

§ Fact-Finding, Investigative, Licensing, and Rate-Fixing

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 Cases:
1. Securities and Exchange Commission v. Interport Resources Corp.,
et al, G.R. No. 135808, October 6, 2008
2. Vigan Electric Light Co., Inc. v. Public Service Commission, 10
SCRA 46 (1964)
3. Securities and Exchange Commission v. GMA Network, December
23, 2008

IV. JUDICIAL RECOURSE AND REVIEW

§ Doctrine of Primary Administrative Jurisdiction

a. Definition

§ Doctrine of Exhaustion of Administrative Remedies

a. Definition

b. Exceptions

Cases:
1. Marichu Ejera v. Beau Merto and Erwin Vergara, G.R. No. 163109,
Januar 22, 2014
2. Emerson B. Bagonghasa v. Johanna L. Romualdez, G.R. No.
179844, March 23, 2011
3. Nestle Philippines, Inc. v. Uniwide Sales Inc., G.R. No. 174674,
October 20, 2010
4. GSIS v. COA, G.R. No. 138381, November 10, 2004
5. Gregorio Vigilar v. Arnulfo D. Aquino, G.R. No. 180388, January 18,
2011
6. Geraldine Gaw Guy v. The Board of Commissioners of the Bureau
of Immigration, G.R. No. 167824, July 2, 2010
7. New SunValley Homeowners Association v. Sanguniang Barangay
ng Sun Valley, G.R. NO. 156686, July 27, 2011
8. Arlin Obiasca v. Jeane Basallote, G.R. No. 176707, February 17,
2010
9. Republic v. Carlito Lacap, G.R. No. 158253, March 2, 2007
10. Khristine Rea Regino v. Pangasinan Colleges of Science and
Technology, et al, G.R. No. 156109, November 18, 2004

§ Doctrine of Finality of Administrative Action

ELECTION LAW
Course Outline

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A. Suffrage

1. Defined
2. Article V, 1987 Constitution
3. Kinds of Election

B. COMELEC

1. Art. IX-C, 1987 Constitution

2. Composition, Qualification, Appointment and Terms of Office

Case:
a. Brillantes v. Yorac, G.R. No. 93867, Dec. 18, 1990

3. En Banc and Division Cases

Cases:
a. Columbres v. Comelec, G.R. No. 142038, Sept. 18, 2000
b. Soller v. Comelec, G.R. No. 139853, Sept. 5,2000
c. Ambil v. Comelec, G.R. No. 143398, October 25, 2000
d. ABS-CBN Broadcasting Corp. v. Comelec, G.R. No. 133486, Jan. 28,
2000

4. Powers and Functions of the Comelec

5. Jurisdiction of the Comelec and Period to Decide

C. Qualification and disqualification of voters

1. Section 9, RA No. 8189

2. Section 11, RA No. 8189

D. Registration of voters

1. Continuing registration under Section 8, RA No. 8189

2. Registration ban
3. Double registration
4. Challenges to right to register
5. Mandatory Biometrics Voters Registration Act (RA No. 10367)
6. Magna Carta for Persons with Disability (RA NO. 10366)
7. Voter’s Identification Card
8. Deactivation, Reactivation and Cancellation of Registration

Cases:
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 1. Akbayan-Youth v. Comelec, G.R. No. 14706, Match 26, 2001
2. Kabataan Party-List et al, v. Comelec, G.R. No. 189868, December
15, 2009

E. Inclusion and exclusion proceedings

1. Jurisdiction
2. Period for filing
3. Annulment of Book of Voters

Cases:
1. Domino v. Comelec, G.R. No. 134015, July 19, 1999
2.Siawan v. Inopiquez, AM No. MTJ-95-1056, May 21, 2001
3. Srangani v. Comelec, 334 SCRA 379

F. Absentee Voting

1. Republic Act No. 7166

2. Republic Act No. 9189
3. Absentee Voting for Members of Media (RA No. 10380)

G. Political parties

1. Definition
2. Registration
3. Party-List System Act (RA No. 7941)
4. Jurisdiction of the Comelec over political parties

Cases:

1. Ang Bagong Bayani-OFW Labor Party v. Ang Bagong Bayani-OFW

Labor Party Go! Go! Philippines, G.R. NO. 147589 and G.R. No.
147613, June 26, 2001
2. Aklat-Asosasyon Para sa Kaunlaran ng Lipunan at Adhikain para sa
Tao, Inc., v. Comelec, G.R. No. 162203, April 14, 2004

3. Barangay Association for National Advancement and Transparency

v. Comelec, G.R. No. 179295, April 21, 2009

H. Candidacy

1. Qualifications of candidates
2. Filing of certificates of candidacy
a) Effect of filing
b) Substitution of candidates
c) Ministerial duty of COMELEC to receive certificate
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 d) Nuisance candidates
e) Petition to deny or cancel certificates of candidacy
f) Effect of disqualification
g) Withdrawal of candidates

Cases:

1. Penera v. Comelec, G.R. No. 181613, November 25, 2009

2. Quinto v. Comelec, G.R. No. 189698, Feb. 22, 2010
3. Fermin v. Comelec, G.R. NO. 179695 & 182369, Dec. 18, 2008
4. Mitra v. Comelec, G.R. No. 191938, Oct. 19, 2010
5. Codilla v. De Venecia, G.R. No. 150605, Dec. 10, 2002
6. Talaga v. Comel;ec, G.R. No. 196804 and 197015, October 9, 2012

I. Campaign

1. Definition
2. Election Period
3. Premature campaigning
4. Prohibited contributions
5. Lawful and prohibited election propaganda
6. Limitations on expenses
7. Statement of contributions and expenses

J. Board of Election Inspectors and Board of Canvassers

1. Composition
2. Powers

K. Remedies and jurisdiction in election law

1. Petition not to give due course to certificate of candidacy

2. Petition to declare failure of elections
3. Pre-proclamation controversy
4. Election protest
5. Quo warranto

L. Prosecution of election offenses

Law on Public Officers

Course Outline

A. General principles

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B. Modes of acquiring title to public office

C. Modes and kinds of appointment

D. Eligibility and qualification requirements

E. Disabilities and inhibitions of public officers

F. Powers and duties of public officers

G. Rights of public officers

H. Liabilities of public officers

1. Preventive suspension and back salaries
2. Illegal dismissal, reinstatement and back salaries

I. Immunity of public officers

J. De facto officers

K. Termination of official relation

L. The civil service

1. Scope
2. Appointments to the civil service
3. Personnel actions

M. Accountability of public officers

1. Impeachment
2. Ombudsman
a) Functions
b) Judicial review in administrative proceedings
c) Judicial review in penal proceedings
3. Sandiganbayan
4. Ill-gotten wealth

N. Term limits

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