This document discusses torque transmission in shaft couplings using flanged bolt couplings. It provides equations to calculate the torque capacity of couplings with bolts arranged in one or two concentric circles. Several example problems are then provided to demonstrate calculating torque capacity, shear stress in bolts, and loads before exceeding allowable stress. Thin-walled tubes and helical springs under torsion are also analyzed with equations provided for shear stress and deformation.
This document discusses torque transmission in shaft couplings using flanged bolt couplings. It provides equations to calculate the torque capacity of couplings with bolts arranged in one or two concentric circles. Several example problems are then provided to demonstrate calculating torque capacity, shear stress in bolts, and loads before exceeding allowable stress. Thin-walled tubes and helical springs under torsion are also analyzed with equations provided for shear stress and deformation.
This document discusses torque transmission in shaft couplings using flanged bolt couplings. It provides equations to calculate the torque capacity of couplings with bolts arranged in one or two concentric circles. Several example problems are then provided to demonstrate calculating torque capacity, shear stress in bolts, and loads before exceeding allowable stress. Thin-walled tubes and helical springs under torsion are also analyzed with equations provided for shear stress and deformation.
In shaft connection called flanged bolt couplings, the torque is transmitted by the shearing force P created in the bolts that is assumed to be uniformly distributed. For any number of bolts n, the torque capacity of the coupling is: If a coupling has two concentric rows of bolts, the torque capacity is,
where the subscript 1 refers to bolts on the outer circle and
subscript 2 refers to bolts on the inner circle. For rigid flanges, the shear deformations in the bolts are proportional to their radial distances from the shaft axis. The shearing strains are related by,
Using Hooke’s law for shear, 𝐺 = 𝜏/𝛾, we have
If the bolts on the two circles have the same area, 𝐴1 = 𝐴2 ,
and if the bolts are made of the same material, 𝐺1 = 𝐺2 , the relation between 𝑃1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑃2 reduces to: PROBLEM 1 A flanged bolt coupling consists of ten 20 mm diameter bolts spaced evenly around a bolt circle 400 mm in diameter. Determine the torque capacity of the coupling if the allowable shearing stress in the bolt is 40 MPa. PROBLEM 1 SOLUTION PROBLEM 2 A flanged bolt coupling consists of eight 10 mm diameter steel bolts on a bolt circle 400 mm in diameter, and six 10 mm diameter steel bolts on a concentric bolt circle 300 mm in diameter, as shown below. What torque can be applied without exceeding a shearing stress of 60 MPa in the bolts? PROBLEM 2 SOLUTION PROBLEM 3 In a rivet group subjected to a twisting couple T, show that the torsion formula 𝜏 = 𝑇𝜌/𝐽 can be used to find the shearing stress 𝜏 at the center of any rivet. Let 𝐽 = 𝐴𝜌2 , where 𝐴 is the area of a rivet at the radial distance 𝜌 from the centroid of the rivet group. PROBLEM 3 SOLUTION PROBLEM 4 Six 7/8 in diameter rivets fasten the plate to the fixed member as shown below. Using the result in Problem 3, determine the average shearing stress caused in each rivet by the 14 kip loads. What additional loads P can be applied before the shearing stress in any rivet exceeds 8,000 psi? PROBLEM 4 SOLUTION PROBLEM 4 SOLUTION PROBLEM 4 SOLUTION TORSION THIN-WALLED TUBE The torque applied to thin-walled tubes is expressed as, The average shearing stress across any thickness t is,
Thus, torque T can also be expressed as,
PROBLEM 5 A torque of 600 N-m is applied to the rectangular section shown below. Determine the wall thickness t so as not to exceed a shear stress of 80 MPa. PROBLEM 5 SOLUTION PROBLEM 6 A tube 2 mm thick has the shape shown below. Find the shearing stress caused by a torque of 600 N.m. PROBLEM 6 SOLUTION TORSION HELICAL SPRINGS When close-coiled helical spring, composed of a wire of round rod of diameter d wound into a helix of mean radius R with n number of turns, is subjected to an axial load P produces the following stresses and elongation: The maximum shearing stress is the sum of the direct shearing stress 𝜏1 = 𝑃/𝐴 and the torsional shearing stress 𝜏2 = 𝑇𝑟/𝐽, with 𝑇 = 𝑃𝑅.
This formula neglects the curvature of the spring. This is used
for light spring where the ratio 𝑑/4𝑅 is small. For heavy springs and considering the curvature of the spring, a more precise formula is given by (A.M. Wahl formula):
The elongation of the bar is,
Notice that the deformation 𝛿 is directly proportional to the
applied load P. The ratio of P to 𝛿 is called the spring constant 𝑘 and is equal to, For two or more springs with springs laid in series, the resulting spring constant 𝑘 is given by, For two or more springs in parallel, the resulting spring constant 𝑘 is given by, PROBLEM 7 Determine the maximum shearing stress and elongation in a helical steel spring composed of 20 turns of 20 mm diameter wire on a mean radius of 90 mm when the spring is supporting a load of 1.5 kN. Use A.M. Wahl formula. PROBLEM 7 SOLUTION PROBLEM 8 Two steel springs arranged in series as shown supports a load P. The upper spring has 12 turns of 25 mm diameter wire on a mean radius of 100 mm. The lower spring consists of 10 turns of 20 mm diameter wire on a mean radius of 75 mm. If the maximum shearing stress in either spring must not exceed 200 MPa, compute the maximum value of P and the total elongation of the assembly. Use A.M. Wahl formula, and G = 83 GPa. Compute the equivalent spring constant by dividing the load by the total elongation. PROBLEM 8 SOLUTION PROBLEM 8 SOLUTION PROBLEM 9 As shown below, a homogenous 50-kg rigid block is suspended by three springs whose lower ends were originally at the same level. Each steel spring has 24 turns of 10 mm diameter on a mean diameter of 100 mm, and G = 83 GPa. The bronze spring has 48 turns of 20 mm diameter wire on a mean diameter of 150 mm, and G = 42 GPa. Compute the maximum shearing stress in each spring. PROBLEM 9 SOLUTION PROBLEM 9 SOLUTION PROBLEM 9 SOLUTION PROBLEM 9 SOLUTION