) wdhqrafõoh hkq yqfola Ndr;fha muKlau fkdj iuia: úYajfhau b;du mer◊Ksu Ñls;aidYdia;%h fjhs'

) .iafld,ka yd i;ajfhda fuu mD:súfhys hïosfkl my,jQQfhao wdhqrafõoho t;rïu merKs fjhs'
) hï whqrlska Wm; ,nk .efí orejdf.a fmdaIKh i|yd ujf.a mshjqrej, lsrs my, fjhso ta wdldrfh-
ka f,dalfha fufyhjkakd úiska tys wdrlaIdj i|ydo ish,a, iïmdokh lrkq ,nhs' tys mrsKdu iajrEmh
wdhqrafõohhs' frda." frda.fya;=" yd frda. ÿre lsrSfï Wmdh wdosh f,dalh wdrïNfha mgka Wmkafka úh'
ishÆ wdYdjka w;r m%%dKh wdrlaId lsrSu uq,skau Wmkafkah' by; wdldrhg i;ajhkaf.a Wm;g fmr isgu
wdhqrafõoh Wmkafka fõ'

) flfia jqj;a wdhqrafõoh jI_ oyia.kkl isg fkdkeiS mej;S f.k tk nj fft;sydisl lreKq wkqj
ikd: fõ' tmuKla fkdj Ökh ñirh jeks rgj,;a Y%%S ,xldj we;=Ω¿ w.aksos. wdishd;sl rgj,;a wdh-
qrafõoh jHdma; jQQ njg b;sydih idlaIs orhs'

) nqoaOld,fha isá cSjl" Y%%S ,xldfõ rdjk rc;=ud" nqoaOodi jeks rcjreka fmros. fjolu ;=<ska úialï
fmkajd we;s wdldrh ;%%smsglh" rdudhkh" uydjxYh jeks lD;s idlaIsorKq ,nhs'

) úYaj b;sydifha m%%dÖk;u idys;H .%%ka:h fõohhs'

fõoh i;r wdldr fõ 1 iD.a fõoh 2 hcqra fõoh 3 idu fõoh 4 w:_j fõoh

fuu fõo wOHkh lsrSfuka ffjoslld,Sk fi!LH yd Ñls;aid moaO;sh" foaYmd,k" wd.ñl" iudcsl"
wdra:slh wdosh ms<sn|j wjfndaOhla ,efí'

fõoh ms<sn| rpkd lrk,o ngysr mçjreka w;r uelaiauq,ra" .%%s*sla" flda,anDla" uelafvdk,a" mSgraika wdoS
mçjreka m%%uqLfj;s'

iD.a fõold,h l%%s' mQQ' 6000 - 4000 nj f,daludkH ;s,la u;h fõ' .%%Sl iNH;ajh fyda mraishdkq Ou_
.%%ka:j, fyda fu;rï wE; b;sydihla olakg ke;'
wdhqrafõoh fõofha Wmfõoh nj lshd we;' we;euqka wdhqrafõoh fõofha miafjks fõoh nj mjihs'

— Wm ˜ Yíoh woyi ióm hkak fõ'

ta nj iqY%e;fha fufia lshd we;"
—by L,ajdhqfj–oIIagdx.uqmdrx.u:j– fõoiH˜ fuhska meyeos,s jkqfha wdhqrafõoh w:j–
fõoh yd iïnkaO njh'

prlfhao wdhqrafõo iïNjh isjqfõo i`.u jK–kd lr we;' ta neõ — w:–jfjfo Nla;srdfoYhd˜ tkï Nla;s
Yíofhka w:–j fõoh i`.u ;o iïnkaOhla we;s nj ikd: fõ'

óg wu;rj wdhqrafõofha bmer◊◊Ks nj ikd: lsrSu i|yd ;j;a fndfyda b;sydi lreKq wm i;=j we;'

ukqf,djg wdhqfj_odj;rKh

n%%yauhd m%%cdjf.a {dkh m%%pdrkh lrkakd f,i lshkq ,nhs' ta wkqidrfha uq,skau {dkrEmS isjq fõoh
Wm; ,o nj lshhs' ta ksid wdhqrafõoh ukqf,djg wj;rKh n%%yauhdf.ka u nj ms<s.efka'

fuf,i uydn%%yauhdf.ka olaIm%%cdm;Sg;a ^m%%cdjg Wm; m%%cdm;S úiska lrk ,oS'&

olaIm%%cdm;Sf.ka wYaúkSka fofokdgo ^úfYaIfhka wYaúkSl=udrjreka fofokd m%%isoaOj we;af;a foaj;djkaf-

.a ffjoHjreka jYfhks wYaúks l=udrjre foaj ifydaorjre fofofkls&

fudjqka fofokdf.ka wdhqrafõo {dkh bkaøgo ^fudyq foaj;djkaf.a wdrlaIlhdh' bkaø foaj;djkaf.a rc-
qùu ksid foajrdc hehs lshkq o ,nhs&'

wYaúkSl=urekaf.ka ,enqKq {dkh bkaø úiska N+;,fha i;ajhkaf.a wdrlaIdjg wdhqrafõo {dkh iDIs-
jrekag fok ,oS'
 wdhqrafõo mrïmrdj

n%%yauhd

olaI m%%cdm;S

wYaúkS l=ureka fofokd

bkaø

prl ixys;dj u.ska ^ldhÑls;aid iïm%%odh& iqY%e; ixys;dj u.ska

^Y,H iïm%%odh&
Nroajdc iDIs
^N+;,hg wdhqrafõo {dkh f.ktau& Okajka;rS

YsIH mqkrajiq osfjdaodi Okajka;rS ^ldYsrdc&

wdf;%%ah iDIs
jDoaO iqY%e; - iqY%e; ixys;dj
w.aksfõY - w.aksfõY ixys;dj - prl ixys;dj T!mfèkj
fNa, T!rN%%
c;=lK– ffj;rK
ydrs; fm!Ial,dj;
mrdYr lrùh–
ËdrmdKS f.damqrrlaIs;

wdhqrafõodj;rKfha n%%yauhd mgka bkaø f;la ld,h ffjosl ld,h fjhs'

bkamiq ixys;dld,h wdrïN ù m<uqjeks ishji f;la osjhhs'

Okajka;rSf.a ^Y,H iïm%%odhfha mshd& ld,h ysfmdl%%sgia jI– 1200 fmr hehs ms<s.kq ,nhs'
ysfmdl%%sgiaf.a Wm; l%%s'mQQ' 460 oS ldi kï ia:dkfha isÿ úh' mqkrajiq wdf;%%ah yd Okajka;rSf.a ld,h ys-
fmdl%%sgiag jir 1000lg muK fmrh'

Y%%S ,xld ffjoHuyduKav,fha m%%Odk;ajfhka 1928 ,xldhqrafõo iïfï,k iNdj yd iuia; ,xld wdh-
qrafõo iïfï,k iNd msysgqjk ,oS'
fuu ishÆu ffjoH uKav, yd iïfï,k iNdh;kj, ±ä mrsY%ufhka tjlg rdcHuka;%K iNdj fu-
fyhjd jI– 1935 fya fkdjeïnra ui 06 jkosk wxl 46 ork ffjoHjrhka ,shdmosxÑ lsrSfï rdcd×d-
mk; ia:sr lrjd .kakd ,oS' fuhg fmr ffjoHjrhka ,shdmosxÑ lrkq ,enqfha iuia; ,xldhqfj–o uyd
iïfï,k iNdj úiska fufyhjkq ,enQQ ,xldhqfj–o ffjoHdkqYdil iNdhgf;a uq,ajrg 1933 wf.dia;= ui
26 fjks osk fld<U fnd/,af,a —Y%%SOr˜ j,õfõ ldrahd,hla msysgqjd Bg úfYaI ks,OdrSkao m;afldgf.
kh'
fuu úfYaI ks,OdrSka f,i .re ira' ã' î' ch;s,l weu;s;=ud" weï weia mS iurisxy fjouqo,s" iS ví,sõ
ví,sõ lkakka.r weu;s;=ud cS mS u,,fialr uy;auhd hk wh lghq;= lr we;'

jI– 1941 wxl 17 orK wd{dmK; wkqj .ïmy isoaOdhqfj–o ffjoH úoHd,h wdKavqj ms<s.;a úoHd,hla jY-
fhka o" iuia; ,xld wdhqrafõo iïfï,k iNd úiska mj;ajkq ,nk ,xldhqfj–o úoHdpl%%h ms<s.;a ffjoH
mrSlaIKhla jYfhkao iïu;fldg we;'