Transgender Rights

A Study on Transgender Rights
1.INTRODUCTION:
Transgender people are people who have a gender identity, or gender expression, that
differs from their assigned sex.Transgender people are sometimes called transsexual if they
desire medical assistance to transition from one sex to another. Transgender is a term used to
describe people whose gender identity differs from the sex the doctor marked on their birth
certificate. Gender identity is a person's internal, personal sense of being a man or a woman
(or someone outside of that gender binary). For transgender people, the sex they were
assigned at birth and their own internal gender identity do not match.People in the
transgender community may describe themselves using one (or more) of a wide variety of
terms, including (but not limited to) transgender, transsexual, and genderqueer. Always use
the term preferred by the individual.Many transgender people are prescribed hormones by
their doctors to change their bodies. Some undergo surgeries as well. But not all transgender
people can or will take those steps, and it's important to know that being transgender is not
dependent upon medical procedures.
Hijras and other transgender (TG) people in India face a variety of issues. So far,
Hijra/TG communities have been excluded from effectively participating in social and
cultural life; economy; and politics and decision-making processes. A primary reason (and
consequence) of the exclusion is the lack of (or ambiguity in) legal recognition of the gender
status of hijras and other transgender people. It is a key barrier that often prevents them in
exercising their civil rights in their desired gender.
1.1OBJECTIVE:
The main objectives regarding the study of transgender rights can be given below:
 The primary objective is to achieve justice and equity.
 Awareness of issues faced by TG community through education and training to

reduce discrimination and abuse.
 Public attitude towards transgender rights.
Sri Krishna College of Arts and Science Page 1

1.2 SCOPE OF STUDY:
Transgender rights have a scope to come alive if the following solutions are brought
to the society in large:
Advice:
We should consult with the trans-community to understand the issues that matter and
impact their lives. The use of this information will help to inform our work with researchers,
organisations and government committees to achieve best practice when it comes to service
provision and accessibility for trans- communities.
Education:
Schools should provide education on trans- issues in a range of settings, including
workplaces and service providers, across government, community and private sectors
Awareness:
We have to support the work of service providers who want to ensure they are
transgender aware, while seeking ways to provide direct services to the trans-community in
partnership with other organisations and groups. People should promote an understanding of
trans- issues in the broader community through relationships with independent and
mainstream media outlets. it should work closely and regularly with media to communicate
the trans-community’s perspective.
Referral:
It refers individuals seeking support on a range of issues (health, law,
workplace,finance,housing etc) to relevant services.
1.4 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY:
 Transgender people where not approachable to get any clarifications.

 People had many doubts and was not not sure of their answers.
 Time period was limited.

1.5 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY:
The research is based upon primary and secondary data both. The primary data was
collected through a questionnaire designed exclusively for the study. The questionnaire was
designed to collect information about demographic profile of the respondents such as age,
gender, education and family monthly income. In addition to this various questions related to
the knowledge and experience about the society towards transgender were observed.
Secondary data was taken from research papers, Journals, magazines and websites.
Sample Size
Samples were collected from the society ingeneral including school,colleges and
working people Coimbatore and other regions. A target of 150 respondents was set, since the
topic was social there were lot of participation and got nearly 200,filtered it to 173.
Source of Data
For the purpose of analyzing the data it is necessary to collect the vital information.
There are two types of data, they are
 Primary data: Primary data is the information that you collect specifically for the
purpose of research roject. An adavantage of primary datais that it is specifically
authored to your research needs. A disadvantage is that it is expensive to obtain.
 Secondary data: Secondary data is formed that has been collected for a purpose other
than the current research project but has some relevance and utility for the research
Source of primary data :
The study was conducted by the means of personal interview with respondents and the
information given by the respondents were directly recorded on questionnaire
Tools for analysis
For data analysis , percentage analysis, simple charting and tabulation tools are used to
understand the behavior of the respondents towards transgenders.
 Simple percentage analysis:

 Chi-square :

2.REVIEW OF LITERATURE:
Wilson Norman1Existing evidence suggests that trans people experience, and are
badly affected by, transphobia, in a wide range of forms. This includes bullying and
discriminatory treatment in schools, harassment and physical/sexual assault and rejection
from families, work colleagues and friends. Tackling transphobia must be a priority.
Keogh et al 20062 The small amount of evidence available suggests that transphobic
bullying exists and legislative protection for trans people in schools is inadequate.Trans
people faced problems similar to those they may encounter and experienced harassment
from teachers and other students; they had been prohibited from using or vi expelled for
using the “wrong” toilet facilities, and their institutions did not have trans acceptance
policies’
Morton , 20083 Trans people appear to experience high levels of hate crime and hate
incidents found that 62 per cent of respondents had experienced transphobic harassment
from strangers in public places who perceived them to be trans: mostly this had taken the
form of verbal abuse but 40 per cent had experienced transphobic threatening behaviour,
17 per cent had been physically assaulted and 4 per cent had been sexually assaulted.
Eric Pearson, Manager(NHS) 4 Trans people can experience long delays in access
to gender reassignment treatment through the NHS, leading some to pay for expensive
care in the private sector. Some GPs have been reluctant to treat trans people or have
refused to do so. Where they received care related to gender reassignment, trans people
have experienced an unsatisfactory ‘one size fits all’ approach. Trans people may also be
at greater risk of isolation, alcohol abuse, suicide, self-harm, substance abuse and HIV
infection, although these issues require further investigation.
1.
http://www.gaylawnet.com/laws/cases/PantvNepal.pdf
2.
Coleman, E., Bockting, W., Botzer, M., Cohen-Kettenis, P., DeCuypere, G., Feldman, J., . . . Zucker, K. (2012).
Standards of Care for the Health of Transsexual, Transgender, and Gender-Nonconforming People, Version 7.
International Journal of Transgenderism, 13(4), 165-232. doi: 10.1080/15532739.2011.700873
3
.http://ai.eecs.umich.edu/people/conway/TS/PUCL/PUCL%20Report.pdf
4.
http://www.undp.org/content/dam/india/docs/HIV_and_development/the-case-of-tamil-nadu-transgender-welfare-
board--insights-for-d.pdf

Martin Mitchard5 Trans people may be particularly at risk of housing crisis and
homelessness arising from transphobic reactions and harassment by family, neighbours
and members of their local community. It was reported that 25.4 per cent of respondents
had to move out of their home due to transphobic reactions. There were no housing
services specifically addressing the needs of trans people and access to housing services
was not monitored in relation to trans status or gender identity. Trans people fear
disclosing their identity to housing officers for fear that they will not be treated with
dignity and respect. The result can be that they do not receive the housing services that
they need or receive a service inappropriate to their needs.
Richard Philip6 Little attention has been paid to the development of community
capacity or the community engagement of trans people. The voluntary activities and
community support that exists between trans people could be better supported in terms of
funding and advice. Trans people have not been considered in thinking around
community cohesion or good relations. There was no research on the participation or
representation of trans people in the democratic process.
Charlie Howart7 Some trans people may experience a lack of family and social
support as a result of transphobic reactions to their gender identity. They may also
experience compromises to their right to a family life. Yet, there was virtually no
research on the family lives, households and relationships of trans people
5
transphobic reactions and harassment Archives of Sexual Behavior, 34(6), 679-690
6
Human Rights Violations Against Trans People In The Netherlands
7
Sood, N. (2009). Transgender People's Access to Sexual Health and Rights: A Study of Law and Policy in 12 Asian
Countries. Asian-Pacific Resource and Research Centre for Women (ARROW).

William Louis,Lawyer8 A number of pieces of equality legislation have begun to be

implemented to protect trans people from discrimination and accord rights. Key among
these were the Sex Discrimination (Gender Reassignment) Regulations (1999) (SDA),
the Gender Recognition Act (2004) (GRA) and the Equal Treatment Directive
(2004/113/EC), leading to the Sex Discrimination (Amendment of Legislation)
Regulations (2008). These acts and regulations collectively gave a statutory requirement
to examine whether people who were undergoing, planning to undergo, or who had
undergone gender reassignment treatment, were receiving recognition of their acquired
or chosen gender identity and protection from discrimination in employment, and more
recently, protection from discrimination in the provision of goods, facilities and services.
Mitchell Andrews, Journalist9 Trans people are often portrayed as isolated

individuals in the media, with a focus solely on gender reassignment surgery rather than
as whole individuals with lives. However, there has been no systematic monitoring of the
representation of trans people in the media to date. There were particular problems for
trans people in accessing changing facilities that are appropriate to their gender identity
in sports and leisure facilities and in shops. Many trans people did not use these facilities
in order to avoid discrimination, thereby restricting their leisure opportunities.
Whittle Jacob, 200710 There is some evidence to suggest that trans people may
experience discrimination in other areas of leisure. It was found that while only 5.4 per
cent of their respondents had experienced being refused services in a place such as a bar
or restaurant, many more may have avoided putting themselves in a position where this
could happen.
8
.timesofindia. _transgender-community-nalsa-national-legal-services-authority
9
.indiatimes_transgender-community-nalsa-national-legal-services-authority
10
-transgenders-discrimination-the week

George Paul, 200911 In too many cases, this lack of legal protection translates into
unemployment for transgender people. The National Transgender Discrimination Survey
(NTDS) found that 15 percent of respondents were living in severe poverty (making less
than $10,000/year). For transgender people of color, those rates were even higher, with
34 percent of Black and 28 percent of Latina/o respondents reporting a household
income of less than $10,000 a year. As anyone who has experienced poverty or
unemployment understands, being unable to afford basic living necessities can result in
homelessness or lead people to engage in underground economies like drug sales or
survival sex work, which can put people at increased risk for violence and arrest.
Tadashi Hamada12 The LGBTQ community still faces considerable stigma based on
over a century of being characterized as mentally ill, socially deviant and sexually
predatory. While these flawed views have faded in recent years for lesbians and gay men,
transgender people are still often met with ridicule from a society that does not
understand us. This stigma plays out in a variety of contexts – leaving us vulnerable to
lawmakers who attempt to leverage anti-transgender stigma to score cheap political
points; to family, friends or coworkers who reject transgender people upon learning
about our transgender identities; and to people who harass, bully and commit serious
violence against transgender people.
McClendon, Co-founder(NCAVP)13At least 13 transgender women were

murdered in 2014, and 2015 is on track to see even higher numbers. These women were
stabbed, shot, strangled, burned; killed violently by intimate partners or strangers.
According to the 2013 National Coalition of Anti-Violence Programs (NCAVP) report
on hate violence against lesbian, bisexual, transgender, queer and HIV-affected
(LGBTQH) communities, 72 percent of the victims of LGBTQ or HIV-motivated hate
violence homicides in 2013 were transgender women, and 67 percent were transgender
women of color.
11
thehindu on-transgender-issue/article3956185
12
http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/court-notice-to-centre-states-on-transgender-issue/article3956185.ece
13
India today transsexuals-given-third-gender

Walch et al, 201214 The widespread lack of accurate identity documents among
transgender people can have an impact on every area of their lives, including access to
emergency housing or other public services. To be clear, without identification, one
cannot travel, register for school or access many services that are essential to function in
society. Many states require evidence of medical transition – which can be prohibitively
expensive and is not something that all transgender people want – as well as fees for
processing new identity documents, which may make them unaffordable for some
members of the transgender community.
Reynold Parker,201415At present, there is no official estimate of the trans

population. The England/Wales Census and Indian Census have not asked if people
identify as trans and do not plan to include such a question in 2015. No major
Government or administrative surveys collect data on trans people.
14
Gender_Recognition_(Jersey)_Law_2009
15
England/Wales Census-_ the week

3.OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY:
In our society today there are many discriminations the children of lesbian, bisexual,
gay, or transgender persons face certain challenges such as they are often the subject of
prejudice because of their sexual orientation. The children of LGBT parents face problems
unique to their situation. The children are frequently the subject of sexual orientated prejudice
that turns many professionals, court systems, and the general public against them. They face
negative consequences ranging from loss of parental custody, restrictions on visitations,
prohibitions on adoption, to school teasing and aggression are all common in the everyday
lives.
The unique challenges which the parents of lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender
persons face are their children having name calling their child dropping out of school and
suicide. Parents have to deal with the fact that their children are ignored by the social
institutions such as religious organizations, schools and peer groups, that routinely provide
emotional support and positive reinforcement for children and adolescents. Parents have to
deal with their child's possible mental health and risky behaviors of LGBT youth . The
challenges they face in school such as discrimination, verbal harassment, sexual harrasment,
physical harassment, physical assault and suicide issues. Because of their sexual orientation
and gender identity. Their children might not want to attend school out of fear of their safety.
They are more likely to engage in a physical fight.
3.1 Importance:
Equal impotanance and basic rights should be given to transgenders inorder to to

meet basic needs like housing, employment, health care and more. Some of the points
regarding to thier importanace can be discussed below:

 Transgender people are four times more likely to live in poverty.
 Transgender people experience unemployment at twice the rate of the general

population, with rates for people of color up to four times the national unemployment
rate.
 90% of transgender people report experiencing harassment, mistreatment or

discrimination on the job.
 22% of respondents who have interacted with police reported harassment by police,
with much higher rates reported by people of color. Almost half of the respondents
(46%) reported being uncomfortable seeking police assistance.
 41% of respondents reported attempting suicide, compared to 1.6% of the general

population.
 Transgender people still cannot serve in the society.
Transgender people, particularly transgender women of color, face shockingly high

rates of murder, homelessness, and incarceration. Most states and countries offer no legal
protections in housing, employment, health care, and other areas where individuals
experience discrimination based on their gender identity or expression.
3.2 Legal rights:
The International Bill of Gender Rights also establishes the right to self-determination of
one’s gender identity and to medical care that allows individual to realise this.

 The Right To Free Expression Of Gender Identity:
Given the right to define one’s own gender identity, all human beings have the corresponding
right to free expression of their self-defined gender identity. Therefore, all human beings
have the right to free expression of their self-defined gender identity; and further, no
individual shall be denied Human or Civil Rights by virtue of the expression of a self-defined
gender identity.
 The Right To Control And Change One's Own Body:
All human beings have the right to control their bodies, which includes the right to change
their bodies cosmetically, chemically, or surgically, so as to express a self-defined gender
identity. Therefore, individuals shall not be denied the right to change their bodies as a means
of expressing a self-defined gender identity; and further, individuals shall not be denied
Human or Civil Rights on the basis that they have changed their bodies cosmetically,
chemically, or surgically, or desire to do so as a means of expressing a self-defined gender
identity.
 The Right To Competent Medical And Professional Care:
Given the individual's right to define one's own gender identity, and the right to change one's
own body as a means of expressing a self-defined gender identity, no individual should be
denied access to competent medical or other professional care on the basis of the individual's
chromosomal sex, genitalia, assigned birth sex, or initial gender role. Therefore, individuals
shall not be denied the right to competent medical or other professional care when changing
their bodies cosmetically, chemically, or surgically, on the basis of chromosomal sex,
genitalia, assigned birth sex, or initial gender role.

3.3 The Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Bill 2016:
The Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Bill, 2016, which puts in place
provisions for stringent punishment, including imprisonment up to two years, for offences
against them.
According to the 2011 Census, India has 6 lakh people belonging to the transgender
community.
After the new law comes into force, forcing a transgender to leave a village or
residence, forcibly removing their clothes and parading them naked, or inciting them to beg
or do similar forms of bonded labour, will be treated as atrocities and violence against them.
These acts will be punishable with imprisonment up to two years, along with a fine.
The Social Justice and Empowerment Ministry, headed by Thaawar Chand Gehlot,
had circulated a draft Cabinet note on the ‘Rights of Transgender Persons Bill, 2016’ to all
ministries for their comments on March 23.
It proposed imprisonment of at least six months — and not more than two years —
along with a penalty for people found guilty of compelling a transgender person to beg,
denying them access to a public place, forcing or causing a transgender person to leave
his/her house or village, and harming or injuring their physical or mental well-being.
The draft Bill included a chapter detailing a series of offences that will be treated as
atrocity and violence against transgenders.
The draft Bill also said that transgenders who by birth do not belong to Scheduled
Castes or Scheduled Tribes may be declared members of the Backward Classes, and would
be entitled to reservation under the existing ceiling for OBCs.
The legislation is modelled on the private members’ Bill moved by Rajya Sabha MP
Tiruchi Siva and passed by the Upper House on April 24, 2015.
The new law also proposes to create a National Council of Transgender Persons and
start schemes to provide them scholarships, textbooks and hostel accommodation. It calls for
necessary amendments in the Indian Penal Code to cover cases of sexual offence against
transgender persons.

This was the first time in 45 years that a private members’ Bill had been passed by the
House, forcing the government to assure the House that it would bring its own law in Lok
Sabha after “correcting infirmities” in Siva’s Bill. The ministry had held several rounds of
consultations and has finally moved a Cabinet note.
3.4 Challenges
Everyone has a gender; it is a thing affects everything in our lives. It affects how we act like
and look like every day. Gender is the thing that describes the characteristics that a society or
culture delineates as masculine or feminine . Today, most of the countries define gender base
on the physical and genetic sexuality at birth. There is at least one transgender person, whose
self-gender identity is different from the assigned gender sex at birth, in each 100 people .
Under the rules of our society, there are at least 70 million people living in the world without
their identity. Lost of identity also comes with life-threatening discriminations and inequities
to them. To solve this serious problem and to improve the harmony of the society, gender’s
definition should be redefined to include transgender and not only base on the physical
sexuality at birth.
Transgender people are facing many problems. From the research on transgender youth and
life-threatening behaviours, transgender youth would have a 4-times higher risk in attempting
life-threatening behaviours . It is mainly because of the experiences of past parental verbal
and physical abuse. As many families still have the traditional idea of binary sex catalouge,
seeking parental consent could put the youth at risk for exposing their gender identity or lead
to harm. Most of the discussions between the transgender youth and their parents have also
transformed into verbal fights and arguments. Moreover, because of the unacceptable and

traditional thinking sharped from the media, transgender youth would experience
victimization from their peers, and negative parental reactions to their gender nonconforming
expression. Besides, transgender people are not equally protected from the law:
Transgender are not actually enjoying the same basic rights as others, like health cares
and discrimination protection in schools and workplaces. Furthermore, as there are only male
and female identities on the ID cards, and there are only male and female’s washrooms, many
transgender people have faced serious insults and discriminations in the public. These serious
insults happen almost every day in their life and it has caused severe mental stress on them,
which would lead them to have emotional disorders and depressions
Besides discriminations, they are also facing unequally in the public utilities and
services. Nearly half of the transgender people have refused to be provided regular care from
medical providers. People do not really realize the serious problems that transgender people
are facing just because we are lucky. We are lucky that our self-gender identities match with
our physical appearance. The problems that the transgender people are facing are not just
some emotional harmfulness; it is some problems and inequalities that would seriously
endanger their lives, like health care's and life-threatening behaviours which are caused by
the ongoing discriminations.

4.ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
The process by which sense and meaning are made of the data gathered in qualitative
research, and by which the emergent knowledge is applied to clients' problems. This data
often takes the form of records of group discussions and interviews, but is not limited to
this. Tables and figures, which include graphs, pictures, and drawings, are used to further
support findings. Tables and figures display the most important findings. When using tables
and figures in reports, mention them within the text of the report, and tell readers what
information to they should look for in the tables/figures. Using tables and figures can enhance
and simplify how you communicate findings in your assessment report. Tables are useful in
providing exact values and presenting complex results and an analysis of your findings.
Figures, which include, bar graphs, line graphs, pie charts, pictures, and drawings, are visual
interpretations of the results. Figures help when comparing data and illustrating relationships
in data.
4.1 SIMPLE PERCENTAGE ANALYSIS:
The percentage method is used for comparing certain feature. The collected data represented
in the form of tables and graphs in order to give effective visualization of comparison made.
Percentage is used to compare the relative terms and distributions of two or more series of
data. A simple calculation of the frequencies from the data collected was the bases for
calculating the percentage of different factors. Through the use of percentage: the data
reduced in the standard form with base equal to 100% which facilitates relative comparisons.
Also a more descriptive form of percentage analysis in the form of charts.
Percentage = Number of respondents

x 100
Total no: of respondents

4.1.1 TABLE SHOWING AGE GROUPS OF THE RESPONDENTS:
PARTICULARS NO: OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE
14-18 13 7.5
19-29 134 77.5
30-40 13 7.5
40-50 6 3.5
50 and above 7 4
INTERPRETATION:
The above table indicates that a majority of the respondents are in the age of 19-29 years at
77.5%,followed by the age groups 14-18 and 30-40 years at 7.5% and above 50 years at
4%.Thus it can be ascertained that a majority of the respondents are in the age group of 19-29
4.1.1 CHART SHOWING AGE GROUPS OF THE RESPONDENTS:
14-18
19-29
30-40
40-50
50 and above

4.1.2 TABLE SHOWING MARITAL STATUS OF THE RESPONDENTS:
PARTICULARS NO:OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE
Single 139 80.3

Married 34 19.7
INTERPRETATION:
The above table indicates that a 80.3% of the respondents are single,followed by 19.7%of
respondents who are married.Thus it can be ascertained that a majority of the respondents are
single with 80.3%..
4.1.2 CHART SHOWING MARITAL STATUS OF THE RESPONDENTS:
Single
Married

4.1.3 TABLE SHOWING CURRENT STATUS OF THE RESPONDENTS:
Working 56 32.4
Student 102 59
Business 5 2.9
Homemaker 10 5.9
INTERPRETATION:
The above table indicates that 59% of the respondents are students, followed by working
which is 32.4%, 5.9% are homemakers and 2.9% are doing bussiness. Thus it can be
ascertained that a majority of the respondents are students with 59%.
4.1.3 CHART SHOWING CURRENT STATUS OF THE RESPONDENTS:
120
100
80
60
NO: OF RESPONDENTS
40
20

4.1.4 TABLE SHOWING GENDER OF THE RESPONDENTS:
PARTICULARS NO:OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTANGE

Male 58 33.5
Female 115 66.5
Transgender - -
INTERPRETATION:
The above table indicates that 66.5% of the respondents are female,followed by a 33.5%of
respondentsof male.Thus it can be ascertained that a majority of the respondents are female
with 66.5%.
4.1.4 CHART SHOWING GENDER OF THE RESPONDENTS:
Male
34%
Female
66%

4.1.5 TABLE SHOWING WHETHER TRANSGENDER BEHAVIOUR SHOULD BE

KEPT PRIVATE NOT REVELEAD TO ANYONE GIVEN BY THE RESPONDENTS:
Strongly agree 32 18.5

Somewhat agree 36 20.8
Strongly disagree 79 45.7
Somewhat disagree 26 15
INTERPRETATION:
The above table indicates that a majority of the respondents strongly disagree at 45%,
followed by somewhat agree at 20.8%,18.5% at strongly disagree and 15% at somewhat
disagree. Thus it can be ascertained that a majority of the respondents strongly disagree with
45.7%.
4.1.5 CHART SHOWING WHETHER TRANSGENDER BEHAVIOUR SHOULD BE

KEPT PRIVATE NOT REVELEAD TO ANYONE GIVEN BY THE RESPONDENTS:
NO: OF RESPONDENTS
Strongly agree
Somewhat agree
Strongly disagree
Somewhat disagree

4.1.6 TABLE SHOWING DEFINING A TRANSGENDER OF THE RESPONDENTS:
PARTICULARS NO: OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTANGE

Homeless 60 34.7
Poor 41 23.7
Survival sex workers 17 9.8
All the above 55 31.8
INTERPRETATION:
From above it can be intepreted that 34.7% of respodents have given homeless,followed by
all the above for 31.8%,23.7 are poor and 9.8% are survival sex workers. Thus majority of
respondents given are 34.7% which comes under homeless.
4.1.6 CHART SHOWING DEFINING A TRANSGENDER OF THE RESPONDENTS:
Homeless
Poor
Survival sex workers
All the above

4.1.7 TABLE SHOWING PEOPLE MAKING FUN OF TRANSGENDERS OPINION

GIVEN BY RESPONDENTS:
PARTICULARS NO:OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

Behaviour 55 34.7
Body language 76 43.9
Cross dress 23 13.3
Others 19 11
INTERPRETATION:
The above table indicates that a majority of the respondentsgave body language at 43.9%,
followed by behaviour at 34.7%,13.3% at cross dress and 19% at others. Thus it can be
ascertained that a majority of the respondents are for body language at 43.9%.
4.1.7 CHART SHOWING PEOPLE MAKING FUN OF TRANSGENDERS OPINION

Behaviour
Body language
Cross dress
Others

4.1.8 TABLE SHOWING WHETHER TRANSGENDERS ARE PREFERRED IN

YOUR PLACE GIVEN BY RESPONDENTS:

Yes 108 62.4
No 65 37.6
INTERPRETATION:
The above table indicates that 62.4% of the respondents have positive responses whereas
37.4% have negative responses.Thus it can be ascertained that a majority of 62.4% of
respondents have chosen yes.
4.1.8 CHART SHOWING WHETHER TRANSGENDERS ARE PREFERRED IN

YOUR PLACE GIVEN BY RESPONDENTS:
Yes No
65
37.6
108
62.4
NO: OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

4.1.9 TABLE SHOWING TRANSGENDERS NEED TO UNDERGO SURGICAL

GENITAL REASSIGNMENT FOR THE SOCIETY BY THE RESPONDENTS:
PARTICULARS NO: FO RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

Agree 15 8.7
Not necessary 137 79.2
INTERPRETATION:
The above table indicates that 79.2% of the respondents have given not necessary, whereas
12.1% have given somewhat agree and 8.7% have given agree..Thus it can be ascertained that
a majority of 79.2% of respondents have given not necessary.
4.1.9 CHART SHOWING TRANSGENDERS NEED TO UNDERGO SURGICAL

GENITAL REASSIGNMENT FOR THE SOCIETY BY THE RESPONDENTS:
160
140
120
100
80
NO: FO RESPONDENTS
60
40
20
0
Agree Not necessary Somewhat
agree

4.1.10 TABLE SHOWING EDUCATION ON TRANSGENDERS GIVEN BY THE

RESPONDENTS:

Parents 22 12.9
Students 10 5.8
Employees 1 0.6
INTERPRETATION:
The above table indicates that 80.9% of the respondents have given all the above, whereas
12.9% have given parents,5.8% are students and 0.6% for employees.Thus it can be
ascertained that a majority of 80.9% of respondents have given all the above.
4.1.10 CHART SHOWING EDUCATION ON TRANSGENDERS GIVEN BY THE

RESPONDENTS:
Parents
Students
Employees
All the above

4.1.11 TABLE SHOWING THE RIGHTS THAT TRANSGENDER DESERVE GIVEN

BY THE RESPONDENTS:

Gender identity 77 44.5
Medical care 7 4
Employment 51 29.5
Education 38 22
INTERPRETATION:
The above table indicates that 45% of the respondents have given gender identity, whereas
29%% have given employees 22% for education and 4% for medicare..Thus it can be
ascertained that a majority of 45% of respondents have given gender identity.
4.1.11 CHART SHOWING THE RIGHTS THAT TRANSGENDER DESERVE

GIVEN BY THE RESPONDENTS:
Gender identity Medical care Employment Education
22%
45%
29%
4%

4.1.12 TABLE SHOWING WHETHER TRANSGENDER MUST BE ACCCEPTED

OR NOT OPINION GIVEN BY RESPONDENTS:

Strongly agree 144 83.2
Strongly disagree 4 2.3
Somewhat disagree 2 1.2
INTERPRETATION:
The above table indicates that a majority of the respondents strongly agree at 83.2%,
followed by somewhat agree at 13.3%,2.3% at strongly disagree and 1.2% at somewhat
disagree. Thus it can be ascertained that a majority of the respondents strongly agree with
83.2%.
4.1.12 CHART SHOWING WHETHER TRANSGENDER MUST BE ACCCEPTED

OR NOT OPINION GIVEN BY RESPONDENTS:
Strongly agree
Somewhat agree
Strongly disagree
Somewhat disagree

4.1.13 TABLE SHOWING PROBLEM FACED BY TRANSGENDERS USUALLY


Insult 69 39.9
Sexual harassment 20 11.6
Abuse 25 14.5
Discrimination 59 34.1
INTERPRETATION:
The above table indicates that a majority of the respondents given insult at 39.9% followed
by 34.1% for discrimination, 14.5% for abuseand 11.6% at sexual harrasement.Thus it can be
ascertained that a majority of the respondents have chosen insult at 39.9%.
4.1.13 CHART SHOWING PROBLEM FACED BY TRANSGENDERS USUALLY

GIVEN BY RESPONDENTS :
120
100 39.9
80 34.1
60
40 69 14.5 59
11.6
20 20 25
0
Insult Sexual Abuse Discrimination
harassment
NO: OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

4.1.14 TABLE SHOWING FEELINGS TOWARDS TRANSGENDERS IF MET


Scared 47 27.2
Disgusting 1 0.6
Excited 25 14.5
Pity 100 57.8
INTERPRETATION:
The above table indicates that a majority of the respondents feel pity at 57.8%, followed by
27.2%for scared,14.5% for excited and 0.6% for disgusting. Thus it can be ascertained that a
majority of the respondents pity wit 57.8%.
4.1.14 CHART SHOWING FEELINGS TOWARDS TRANSGENDERS IF MET

Scared
Disgusting
Excited
Pity

4.1.15 TABLE SHOWING PEOPLES ATTITUDE TOWARDS TRANSGENDERS

MUST BE CHANGED GIVEN BY RESPONDENTS:

Yes 165 95.4
No 8 4.6
4.1.15 CHART SHOWING PEOPLES ATTITUDE TOWARDS TRANSGENDERS

MUST BE CHANGED GIVEN BY RESPONDENTS:
180
160
140
120
100
80 NO: OF RESPONDENTS
60
40
20
0
Yes No
INTERPRETATION:
4.6% have negative responses.Thus it can be ascertained that a majority of 95.4% of
respondents have chosen yes.

4.1.16 TABLE SHOWING CHANGES TO BE MADE IN THE SOCIETY FOR

TRANSGENDERS GIVEN BY RESPONDENTS:
PARTICULARS NO: OF RESPONDENTS PERECENTAGE

Law 26 15
Traditional thinking 17 9.9
Mentality 97 56.1
Negative parental reaction 33 19.1
4.1.16 CHART SHOWING CHANGES TO BE MADE IN THE SOCIETY FOR

TRANSGENDERS GIVEN BY THE RESPONDENTS:
15%
19%
Law
10% Traditional thinking
Mentality
Negative parental
reaction
56%
INTERPRETATION:
The above table indicates that a majority of the respondents gave mentality at 56%, followed
by 19% for negative parental reaction,15% for law and 10% for traditional thinking. Thus it
can be ascertained that a majority of the respondents are 56% for mentality.

4.1.17 TABLE SHOWING TRANSGENDER BEHAVIOUR GIVEN BY

RESPONDENTS:

Good 18 10.4
Bad 20 11.6
Mental illness 34 19.7
None of the above 101 58.4
4.1.17 CHART SHOWING TRANSGENDER BEHAVIOUR GIVEN BY

RESPONDENTS:
Good
Bad
Mental illness
None of the above
INTERPRETATION:
The above table indicates that a 58.4% of the respondents gave none of the above ,19.7 for
mental illness,11.6% for bad and 10.4% for good.Thus it can be ascertained that a majority of
the respondents are 58.4% for none of the above.

4.1.18 TABLE SHOWING WAYS TO PROMOTE AWARENESS ON


Education 89 51.4
Media 52 30.1
Campaign 26 15
Workshops 6 3.5
4.1.18 CHART SHOWING WAYS TO PROMOTE AWARENESS ON

100
90
80
70
60
50 NO: OF RESPONDENTS
40 PERCENTAGE
30
20
10
0
Education Media Campaign Workshops
INTERPRETATION:
The above table indicates that a majority of the respondents gave education at 51.4%,
followed by media at 30.1%,campaign for 15% and 3.5% forworkshops. Thus it can be
ascertained that a majority of the respondents are 51.4% for education.

4.1.19 TABLE SHOWING WHETHER IT IS TIME FOR PUBLIC TO ACCEPT

TRANSGENDER GIVEN BY RESPONDENTS:

Yes 133 76.9
No 3 1.7
Maybe 37 21.4
4.1.19 CHART SHOWING WHETHER IT IS TIME FOR PUBLIC TO ACCEPT

TRANSGENDER GIVEN BY RESPONDENTS:
Yes
No
Maybe
INTERPRETATION:
421.4 % are not probably sure and 1.7% have negative responses.Thus it can be ascertained
that a majority of 76.9% of respondents have chosen yes.

4.1.20 TABLE SHOWING WHETHER IF BORN AS INTERSEX(TRANSGENDER)
WHAT WOULD THEY REACT GIVEN BY RESPONDENTS:
PARTICULARS NO: OF PERCENTAGE

RESPONDENTS
Run away 6 3.5
Suicide 1 0.6
Face it 157 90.8
Hide 9 5.2
4.1.20 CHART SHOWING WHETHER IF BORN AS INTERSEX(TRANSGENDER)
WHAT WOULD THEY REACT GIVEN BY RESPONDENTS:
Run away
Suicide
Face it
Hide
INTERPRETATION:
The above table indicates that a90.8% of the respondents gave face it, followed by 5.2% for
hide,3.5% for runaway and 0.6% for sucide. Thus it can be ascertained that a majority of the
respondents gave face it at 90.8% .

4.1.21 TABLE SHOWING NUMBER OF YEARS TO BE TAKEN FOR INDIA TO
ACCEPT TRANSGENDER GIVEN BY RESPONDENTS:

5-10 69 39.9
10-15 50 28.9
15-20 19 11
20 & above 35 20.2
4.1.21 CHART SHOWING NUMBER OF YEARS TO BE TAKEN FOR INDIA TO
ACCEPT TRANSGENDER GIVEN BY RESPONDENTS:
INTERPRETATION:
The above table indicates that 39.9% of the respondents gave 5-10 years, followed by 10-15
years for 28.9,20.2% for above 20 years and 11% for 15-20 years. Thus it can be ascertained
that a majority of the respondents gave 5-10 years at 39.9% .

4.1.22 TABLE SHOWING IN INDIA WHERE TRANSGENDERS COULD BE
FOUND THE MOST GIVEN BY RESPONDENTS:
PARTICULARS NO: OF PERCENTAGE

RESPONDENTS
Bombay 136 78.6
Madras 20 11.6
Banglore 12 6.9
Delhi 5 2.9
4.1.22 CHART SHOWING IN INDIA WHERE TRANSGENDERS COULD BE
FOUND THE MOST GIVEN BY RESPONDENTS:
Bombay
Madras
Banglore
Delhi
INTERPRETATION:
The above table indicates that 78.6% of the respondents gave bombay, followed by 11.6%
for madras,6.9% for banglore and 2.9% for delhi. Thus it can be ascertained that a majority of
the respondents gave bombay at 78.6% .

4.1.23 TABLE SHOWING TRANSGENDERS ACTUAL REQUIREMENTS GIVEN
BY RESPONDENTS:

Safety 4 2.3
Respect 36 20.8
Employment 23 13.3
4.1.23 CHART SHOWING TRANSGENDERS ACTUAL REQUIREMENTS GIVEN
BY RESPONDENTS
Safety
Respect
Employment
All the above
INTERPRETATION:
The above table indicates that 63.6% of the respondents gave all the above, followed by
20.8% for respect,13.3% for employment and 2.3% for safety. Thus it can be ascertained that
a majority of the respondents gave face it at 63.6%. .

4.2 CHI- SQUARE TEST:
A chi-squared test, also written as χ2 test, is any statistical hypothesis test wherein the
sampling distribution of the test statistic is a chi-squared distribution when the null
hypothesis is true. Without other qualification, 'chi-squared test' often is used as short for
Pearson's chi-squared test.
How to calculate the chi-square statistic by hand. First we have to calculate the expected
value of the two nominal variables. We can calculate the chisquare test of independence
using the formula:
Degree of freedom is calculated by using the following formula:
DF = (r-1)(c-1)
Where
DF = Degree of freedom
r = number of rows
c = number of columns
Hypothesis:
Null hypothesis: Assumes that there is no association between the two variables.
Alternative hypothesis: Assumes that there is an association between the two variables.
Hypothesis testing: It is the same for the Chi-Square test of Independence as it is for other
tests like ANOVA, t-test, etc. If the calculated value of the Chi-Square test is greater than the
table value, we will reject the null hypothesis. If the calculated value is less, then we will
accept the null hypothesis.

4.2.1 TABLE SHOWING AGE AND AGREENESS LEVEL OF THE

SOCIETY TOWRDS TRANSGENDERS :
Agreeness level Somewhat Somewhat Strongly Strongly Total

Age agree disagree agree disagree
14-18 4 0 9 0 13
19-29 18 2 110 4 134
30-40 0 0 13 0 13
40-50 1 0 5 0 6
50 and above 0 0 7 0 7
Total 23 2 144 4 173
O E O-E (O-E)2 (O-E)2/E

4 1.7 2.3 5.29 3
0 0.2 -0.2 0.04 0
9 10.8 -1.8 3.24 0
0 0.3 -0.3 0.09 0
18 17.8 0.2 0.04 0
2 1.5 0.5 0.25 0
110 111.5 -1.5 2.25 0
4 3.1 0.9 0.81 0
0 1.7 -1.7 2.89 1
0 0.2 -0.2 0.04 0
13 10.8 2.2 4.84 0
0 0.3 -0.3 0.09 0
1 0.8 0.2 0.04 0
0 0.1 -0.1 0.01 0
5 5 0 0 0
0 1 -1 1 1
0 0.9 -0.9 0.81 0
0 0.1 -0.1 0.01 0
7 5.8 1.2 1.44 0

0 2 -2 4 2
173 175.6 27.18 7
INTERPRETATION:
Chi Square = 7
Degrees of Freedom = (5 - 1)(4 - 1) = 4(3) = 12
Reject H1because 21.026 is greater than 7 (for alpha 
Thus, we would accept the null hypothesis that there is no relationship between the
age and agreeness level. The data tells reject H1.
4.2.2 TABLE SHOWING GENDERWISE OPINION OF SOCIETY

REGARDING TRANSGENDERS
Opinion Bad Good Mental None of the Total

Gender illness above
Female 7 13 17 78 115
Male 13 5 17 23 58
Total 20 18 34 101 173
O E O-E (O-E)2 (O-E)2/E

7 13.3 -6.3 39.69 2
13 12 1 1 0
17 22.6 -5.6 31.36 1
78 67.1 10.9 118.81 1
13 6.7 6.3 39.69 5
5 6 -1 1 0
17 11.4 5.6 31.36 2
23 33.9 -10.9 118.81 3

173 173 0 381.72 14
INTERPRETATION:
Chi Square = 14
Degrees of Freedom = (c - 1)(r - 1) = 1(3) = 3
Reject Ho because 14 is greater than 7.815 (for alpha 
Thus, we would reject the null hypothesis that there is no relationship between
opinions and type of gender. The data tells there is a significance relationship
between type of genders and opinion.
4.2.3 TABLE SHOWING AGE AND EXPERIENCE ABOUT THE

SOCIETY TOWARDS TRANSGENDERS:
Experience Disgusting Excited Pity Scared Total

Age
14-18 0 1 10 2 13
19-29 1 19 71 43 134
30-40 0 1 11 1 13
40-50 0 2 4 0 6
50 and above 0 2 4 1 7
Total 1 25 100 47 173
O E O-E (O-E)2 (O-E)2/E

0 0.1 -0.1 0.01 0
1 1.9 -0.9 0.81 0
10 7.5 2.5 6.25 0
2 3.5 -1.5 2.25 0
1 0.8 0.2 0.04 0
19 19.4 -0.4 0.16 0

71 77.5 -6.5 42.25 0

43 36.4 6.6 43.56 1
0 0.1 -0.1 0.01 0
1 1.9 -0.9 0.81 0
11 7.5 3.5 12.25 1
1 3.5 -2.5 6.25 1
0 0 0 0 0
2 0.9 1.1 1.21 1
4 3.5 0.5 0.25 0
0 1.6 -1.6 2.56 1
0 0 0 0 0
2 1 1 1 1
4 4 0 0 0
1 1.9 -0.9 0.81 0
173 173 120.48 6
INTERPRETATION:
Chi Square = 6
Degrees of Freedom = (5 - 1)(4 - 1) = 4(3) = 12
Reject H1because 21.026 is greater than 6 (for alpha 
Thus, we would accept the null hypothesis that there is no relationship between the
age and expression level. The data tells there is no significance relationship.

FINDINGS,SUGGESTION AND CONCLUSION
Findings of simple percentage analysis
 Majority of the respondents are in the age group of 19-29

 Majority of the respondents are singlewith 80.3%
 Majority of the respondents are female with 66.5%.
 Majority of the respondents strongly disagree with 45.7%.
 Majority of respondents given are 34.7% which comes under homeless.
 Majority of the respondents are for body language at 43.9%.
 Majority of 62.4% of respondents have chosen yes.
 Majority of 79.2% of respondents have given not necessary.
 Majority of 80.9% of respondents have given all the above.
 Majority of 45% of respondents have given gender identity.
 Majority of the respondents strongly agree with 83.2%.
 Majority of the respondents have chosen insult at 39.9%.
 Majority of the respondents pity wit 57.8%.
 Majority of the respondents are 56% for mentality.
 Majority of the respondents are 58.4% for none of the above.
 Majority of the respondents are 51.4% for education.
 Majority of the respondents gave face it at 90.8% .
 Majority of the respondents gave 5-10 years at 39.9% .
 Majority of the respondents gave bombay at 78.6% .
 Majority of the respondents gave face it at 63.6%. .
Findings of chisquare test:
 There is no significance relationship between age group and agreeness level.

 There is a significance relationship between type of genders and opinion.
 There is no significance relationship between age group and experience.

SUGGESTIONS
 Protect from harassment! Immediately protect transgenders from harassment in any
form, whether perpetrated by other youth, staff, or others. Make it clear that harassing
and/or abusive behaviour toward anyone will not be tolerated.
 Allow transgenders to use the bathroom that fits them best, join the appropriate
athletic team, and in other ways live as the gender they are. Trans people have the
right to feel comfortable in their daily lives and shouldn't be isolated or forced to use
facilities inconsistent with their gender expression.
 Know when and where to seek help. Be aware of appropriate referral agencies for
crisis intervention, mental and physical health services, emergency assistance, etc.
Transgenders are often subject to abuse, homelessness, suicide, harassment, and
physical violence.

CONCLUSION
This background document, hopefully will lead to further consultations with trans
communities and other stakeholders, could be an essential first step towards achieving the
legal rights of hijras/transgender people in India.
The overall purpose of the assignment was to build an evidence-base for improving rights and
social protection services for hijras/transgender people.
The specific objective for legal recognition of gender status of hijras and other transgender
people in India; and potential models for India-relevant laws for legal recognition of the
gender status of hijras and other transgender people
In the world that almost everyone is talking about freedoms and rights, there are 70 millions
transgender people living without their identities, facing serious life-threatening
discriminations and difficulties in their everyday life; 70 million people are not enjoying the
same rights, benefits, and even basic protections as others. We should strengthen the
importance of equality and the program welcomes different people no matter what genders
they are. because it cares what people need and what they are facing; it is not caring the dead
rules and definitions from the law or dictionary; it cares about the real and alive human
beings. The meaning and definition of gender is just a dead thing that the media and
government have shaped for us. Love, freedom and rights should never be restricted through
the gender category that has been fixed on the paper. To protect and give back the basic rights
to the transgender people, we should redefine the gender’s definition to include them and
should not be restricted on the physical sexuality at birth. No matter what religions, they told
people to do right things. I also believed that none of the religions would agree people to lose
their own identities and face unfair discriminations every day. When we mean a human, we
mean the person inside his body. Besides the physical body is born this way, the humanity
inside the body is also born this way.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. http://ai.eecs.umich.edu/people/conway/TS/PUCL/PUCL%20Report.pdf
2. http://www.undp.org/content/dam/india/docs/HIV_and_development/the-case-
of-tamil-nadu-transgender-welfare-board--insights-for-
3. http://infochangeindia.org/200804147036/Human-Rights/News/TN-
constitutes-welfare-board-fortransgenders.html
4. http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/court-notice-to-centre-states-on-
transgender-issue/article3956185.ece
5. http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-10-
02/india/34217135_1_transgender-community-nalsa-national-legal-services-
authority
6. http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-10-
02/india/34217135_1_transgender-community-nalsa-national-legal-services-
authority
7. http://www.deccanherald.com/content/249637/over-19000-transgenders-
issued-aadhaar.html
10. http://lgbtqnews.com/gaynews/eunuchs-transsexuals-given-third-gender
11. http://www.jerseycommunityrelations.org/library/document/185310_Gender_
Recognition_(Jersey)_Law_2009.pdf
12. http://www.yogyakartaprinciples.org/

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Transgender Rights

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A Study on Transgender Rights

 The primary objective is to achieve justice and equity.

 Awareness of issues faced by TG community through education and training to

 Public attitude towards transgender rights.

Sri Krishna College of Arts and Science Page 1

1.2 SCOPE OF STUDY:

1.4 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY:

 Transgender people where not approachable to get any clarifications.

Sri Krishna College of Arts and Science Page 2

1.5 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY:

There are two types of data, they are

Source of primary data :

Tools for analysis

 Simple percentage analysis:

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Sri Krishna College of Arts and Science Page 4

Sri Krishna College of Arts and Science Page 5

William Louis,Lawyer8 A number of pieces of equality legislation have begun to be

Mitchell Andrews, Journalist9 Trans people are often portrayed as isolated

Sri Krishna College of Arts and Science Page 6

McClendon, Co-founder(NCAVP)13At least 13 transgender women were

Sri Krishna College of Arts and Science Page 7

Reynold Parker,201415At present, there is no official estimate of the trans

Sri Krishna College of Arts and Science Page 8

3.OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY:

Equal impotanance and basic rights should be given to transgenders inorder to to

Sri Krishna College of Arts and Science Page 9

 Transgender people are four times more likely to live in poverty.

 Transgender people experience unemployment at twice the rate of the general

 90% of transgender people report experiencing harassment, mistreatment or

 41% of respondents reported attempting suicide, compared to 1.6% of the general

 Transgender people still cannot serve in the society.

Transgender people, particularly transgender women of color, face shockingly high

3.2 Legal rights:

Sri Krishna College of Arts and Science Page 10

 The Right To Free Expression Of Gender Identity:

 The Right To Control And Change One's Own Body:

 The Right To Competent Medical And Professional Care:

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3.3 The Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Bill 2016:

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Sri Krishna College of Arts and Science Page 13

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4.ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

4.1 SIMPLE PERCENTAGE ANALYSIS:

Percentage = Number of respondents

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4.1.1 TABLE SHOWING AGE GROUPS OF THE RESPONDENTS:

PARTICULARS NO: OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

19-29 134 77.5

4.1.1 CHART SHOWING AGE GROUPS OF THE RESPONDENTS:

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4.1.2 TABLE SHOWING MARITAL STATUS OF THE RESPONDENTS:

PARTICULARS NO:OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

Single 139 80.3

4.1.2 CHART SHOWING MARITAL STATUS OF THE RESPONDENTS:

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4.1.3 TABLE SHOWING CURRENT STATUS OF THE RESPONDENTS:

PARTICULARS NO: OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

4.1.3 CHART SHOWING CURRENT STATUS OF THE RESPONDENTS:

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4.1.4 TABLE SHOWING GENDER OF THE RESPONDENTS:

PARTICULARS NO:OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTANGE