Art Sinhala Grade 7

Ñ;% l,dj
7 jk fYa%Ksh
.=re ud¾f.damfoaY ix.%yh

^2008 jif¾ isg ls%hd;aul fõ&
fi!kao¾h wOHdmk fomd¾;fïka;=j

cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh
uyr.u'
i
© cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh
m<uq jk uqøKh( 2007
ISBN 978 - 955 - 654 - 096 - 3
—wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ

oaú;Sh wOHdmk kùlrK jHdmD;sh
u.ska uqøKh lrk ,§'˜
fi!kao¾h wOHdmk fomd¾;fïka;=j

cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh
uyr.u
uqøKh (
rcfha uqøK kS;s.; ixia:dj"
mdk¿j" mdÿlal'
ii
fmrjok
kj iyY%fha § isÿl< m<uq úIhud,d ixfYdaOkh jk fuh mdi,a moaO;sh ;=<

oekg mj;sk .eg¨ lsysmhla ksrdlrKh lr.ekSfï m%fõYhla f,i ie,lsh yels h'
fuu úIhud,dj ie,iqï fldg we;af;a ;reK mrmqr wo uqyK
q md isák is;f
S ï iudÔh
yd mqo.
a , ÿ¾j,;d u`.yrjd .ekSfï wNs,dIfhks'
wdishdfõ wOHdmk l%uh i,ld ne,Sfï § fuhg jir lsysmhlg fmr YS% ,xldj
wOHdmk lafIa;%h ;=< fndfyda bÈßfhka isáfha h' kuqÿ j¾;udkfha § wdishdfõ
wfkl=;a rgj,a YS% ,xldj wNsnjd bÈßfhka isáhs' kj oelaulska f;drj mj;sk foh
u; muKla ;SrK .ksñka ta foa muKla u kej; kej; bÈßm;a lsÍu fuu miqnEug tla
fya;j
= ls'
fuu ;;a;j a h u`.yrjd .ekSu msKi

s cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kfha ks,OdÍka meyeÈ,s
oelaulska hq;=j úIh ud,d ixfYdaOkh lsÍug fjr ord we;' kj úIhud,dfõ wruqKq
ilid we;af;a YsIH mrmqr úiska oekgu okakd foa;a" kj woyia yd .fõIK;a u`.ska
wkd.;h f.dvk`.d .ekSu msKsi YsIHhkaf.a ksmqK;d j¾Okh lr .ekSug yelsjk
wdldrfhks' fuu wruqKq idlaId;a lr.ekSu msKi s .=rejrhdf.a ld¾h Ndrfhys mßmQ¾K
fjkila w;HjYH fjhs' oekg mj;sk .=re flakaøSh l%uh fjkqjg YsIH flakaøSh"
ksmK
q ;d mdol" ls%hdldrlï uQ,ls l%uhla fuu kj wOHdmk l%ufhka wfmalI a d flfrk
w;r .=rejreka wNsfhda.j,g uqyK q §ug iQodkï úh hq;= fõ'
fuu .=re ud¾f.damfoaY ix.%yh .=rejrekg tjeks l%uhla ilid .ekSug uy;afia
WmldÍ jkq we;ehs hkq mQ¾K úYajdihhs' .=re ud¾f.damfoaY ix.%yfhys § we;s u`.fmkaùu
ms<m
s e§ï u`.k
s a Tng id¾:l .=re Nj;l=ùug yelshdj ,efnkq we;' th Tng b.ekaùfï
§ fuka u YsIHhska we.hsfï § WmldÍ jkq we;' .fõIKh yd .=Kd;aul fhojqï
iïnkaOfhka § we;s ud¾f.damfoaYk YsIHhdg WmldÍ jk wdldrfhka bÈßm;a fldg
we;' tf,i u th úÿy,am;sjrekg ld, igyka ms<sfh, lsÍfï§;a" iSñ; iïm;a
fjkalr §fï§;a wNHka;r wëlaIKfha§;a uy;a fia WmldÍ jkq fkdwkqudk h'
fuu .=re ud¾f.damfoaY ix.%yfhys bÈßm;a fldg we;s fohg muKla iSud fkdù
.=rejreka ks¾udKYS,S nj m%o¾Ykh lrñka ;uka úiska u iqÿiq ls%hdldrlï ilid
.ekSu l< hq;= h' ulaki
s doh;a" fuu .=re ud¾f.damfoaY ix.%yfhys i|yka lsh
% dldrlï
wkqrEm fyda wdo¾Y jk ksid;a" m%dfoaYh
S j we;s fjkialï tu m%foaYfha .=rejreka jvd
fyd¢ka okakd neúka Tjqkg ta wkqj ls%hdldrlï ilia lr .; yelsjkq we;'
wOHdmk{hkag" .=re WmfoaYljrekag yd ndysr wëlaIKh yd kshdukfhys fhfok

ish¨ ks,OdÍkag WmldÍ jk fuu .=re ud¾f.damfoaY ix.%yh ms<f
s h, lsÍug iyNd.s jQ
ish¨ fokdgu uf.a lD;{;djh ms<. s kajñ'
uydpd¾h fÊ' ví,sõ' úl%uisxy

wOHlaI ckrd,a"
cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh'
iii
ix{dmkh
YS% ,xldfõ úIhud,d m%;sm;a;shg wkqj wjqreÿ wglg jrla mdi,a úIh ks¾foaY
hdj;ald,Sk úh hq;= h' fï wkqj 2007 j¾Ifha isg wdrïN flfrk wOHdmk m%;i
s xialrK
jevigyk hgf;a fuu .=re ud¾f.damfoaY ix.%yh y÷kajd fokq ,efí'
fuf;la mej;s úIh ks¾foaYj, hï úIhhlg wod< úIh ud;Dld rdYshla o ta ta
úIh ud;Dldjg wod< úIh lreKq o olakg ,enqKs' fuu úIh lreKq b.ekaùu
.=rejrhd f.ka isÿ úh' fuu ls%hdj,sh ksid fndfyda úIh lreKq okakd isiq msßila ìys
jQy'
kj úIh ud,d m%;sixialrK hgf;a y÷kajd fok úIh ks¾foaYj, ta ta úIh
hgf;a isikq a w;am;a lr.; hq;= ksmK
q ;d y÷kdf.k ks¾foaY lr we;' fuu kj m%fõYh
;=<ska fndfyda úIh lreKq okakd neúkaa Tíng .sh" m%dfhda.sl wxYhg jvd;a keUqre
ksmqK;d msß isiq msßila ìysùu wfmalaId flf¾' tneúka kj úIh ks¾foaYh Ndú;
lrk .=re uy;au uy;aóka fuu fjki ms<sn| úfYaIfhka ie,ls,su;a úh hq;= h'
.=re ud¾f.damfoaY ix.%yfha fojk fldgfia § kj bf.kqï b.ekaùï lsh % dj,shla
iys; mka;s ldurhla fhdackd lr we;' fuu ls%hdj,sh hgf;a isik q a mqi;
a ld, Ndú;h
yd fmd;am;a lshùu" mßirh ksÍlaIKh" iïm;a mqo. a ,hkaf.a lreKq /ialr .ekSu" ;u
ñ;=re ñ;=ßhkaf.ka fndfyda foa bf.kSu iy okakd foa Tjqkg
a lshd§u" yels wjia:djkays
§ wka;¾cd,fhka f;dr;=re /ialr .ekSu wd§ .fõIKd;aul j bf.k .kakd ixialD;shla
oelsh yels úh hq;= h' fufia fidhd .kakd lreKq jvd;a ksjerÈ j ixúOdkd;aul j
yd wx. iïmQ¾Kj isiqkag .%yKh lrùu .=rejrhdf.ka wfmalaId flf¾' tneúka
.=rejrhdf.a N+ñldj o kj oekqfuka fmdfydi;a úh hq;= h' th isiqka fidhd .kakd
ish¨ lreKq wNsnjd hk nyqY%e; Ndjhla m%o¾Ykh lrk ;;ajhlg h' fuu ls%hdldÍ
bf.kqï mßirh" isiqkag fnfyúka wdl¾Ykh jkq we;'
fï i|yd .=re ud¾f.damfoaY ix.%yfha fhdackd lr we;s wdo¾Y l%h
s dldrlï yd
;j;a fndfyda mdvï ilia lr .ekSug u`. fmkaùula nj is;kak' fïjd weiqfrka
ks¾udKYS,S .=rejrhl= f,i kj l%shdldrlï ilia lr .ekSu úfYaIfhka wfmalaId
flf¾'
kj bf.kqï b.ekaùï ls%hdj,sfha § yeu úg u isiqka ls%hdldÍ h' tneúka Tjqka
f.a olaI;d yd m%n,;d m%o¾Ykh fjhs' tajd w.h lrkak' Èßu;a lrkak' ;jo we;eï
úg isikq a uqyK
q fok ÿIalr;d o Tng olakg ,efí' ta yeuúg u tu ÿIalr;d bj;alr
.ekSug Woõ lrkak' wdikak ñ;=re ñ;=ßhkag Wojq lsÍug fhduq lrkak' fufia
l%shdldrlu;a iu`. flfrk ;lafiare ls%hdj,sh jvd;a M,odhS bf.kqulg fya;= fõ'
fuu`.ska kj f,djg WÑ; ksmqK;d msß isiq msßila ìysùu thgu .e<fmk .=re
N+ñldjla yd mx;sldurfha kj bf.kqï ixialD;shla ìysùu wfmalIa d lrñ'
úu,a is h U,df.dv
iyldr wOHlaI ckrd,a
^NdId" udkj Ydia;% yd iudc úoHd msGh&
iv
ud¾f.damfoaYh(
uydpd¾h fÊ'ví' úl%uisxy - wOHlaI ckrd,a
úu,a ishU,df.dv uy;d - iyldr wOHlaI ckrd,a
iqo;a iurisxy uy;d - wOHlaI ^fi!kao¾h&
fufyhqu(
r;akfiak fldäldr uy;d - m%Odk jHdmD;s ks,OdÍ
úIhud,d lñgqj(
wNHka;r
r;akfiak fldäldr uy;d - m%Odk jHdmD;s ks,OdÍ
tï'Ô'ta'fla'hQ' nKavdr uy;d - m%Odk jHdmD;s ks,OdÍ
{dkisß .uf.a uy;d - jHdmD;s ks,OdÍ
rùkaø f;akj
q r uy;d - iyldr jHdmD;s ks,OdÍ
ndysr
ir;a .=Kisß fmf¾rd uy;d - fÊHIaG lÓldpd¾h"
fi!kao¾h úYaj úoHd,h'
ir;a {dkisß uy;d - wxYdêm;s
uQ¾;s l,d wOHhk wxYh
mshisß ch;s,l uy;d - i'w' wOHlaI" Ñ;% l,d
l,dm wOHdmk ld¾hd,h
YS% chj¾Okmqr'
kkao,d,a Wvqfmdarej uy;d - lÓldpd¾h" Ñ;% l,d
fi!kao¾h .=re úoHd,h'
wd¾'Ô' .=K;s,l uy;d - lÓldpd¾h" Ñ;% l,d
rejkamqr wOHdmk úoHd mSGh
lyj;a;'
tka' wfíisß vhia uy;d - .=re fiajh
v
iudf,da p k lñgq j (
iqiß
s md, ud,sïnv uy;d - mSGdêm;s
oDYH l,d mSGh
ruHj¾Ok fmdäks<fï uy;d - wxYdêm;s
nyq udOH l,d wOHhk wxYh
tÉ' t,a' ch,d,a uy;d - wxYdêm;s
frÈ ms<s yd weÕ¨ï l,d wOHhk wxYh
ir;a {dkisß uy;d - wxYdêm;s
uQ¾;s l,d wOHhk wxYh
mshisrs ch;s,l uy;d - i'w' wOHlaI" Ñ;% l,d
YS% chj¾Okmqr'
iïm;a odhl;ajh(
Wmd,s rKjl uy;d - iyldr wOHlaI
u;=.u'
;s,la isir
s l=udr uy;d - iyldr wOHlaI
fydrK'
lu,d o is,j
a d uy;añh - .=re WmfoaYl
;x.,a,'
fuß,a ùrisxy uy;d - .=re WmfoaYl
ms<h
s kao,'
Ô' {dk;hd,ka uy;d - .=re WmfoaYl
jõkshdj ol=K'
pkaø,;d y|mdkaf.dv uy;añh - .=re fiajh
;laI,s d u'u'úoHd,h
fydrK'
vi
YS% f¾j; rdclSh úoHd,h
kqf.af.dv'
ixÔú uxcÍ uy;añh - .=re fiajh
ä,di,a úoHd,h"
fudaor" fld<U 15'
puß ;miajrf.a uy;añh - .=re fiajh
¨ïìKs úoHd,h"
fld<U 05'
NdId ixialrKh(
lmqre nKavdr ch;s,l uy;d ^úY%du,;a úÿy,am;s&
mrs.Kl joka ieliqu (

ta'à'tia' .uf.a uy;añh
ã'iS' chfldä uy;añh
fÊ'ta'Ô'ã' fmf¾rd uy;añh
úúO iyh(
ud,kS úl%ukdhl uy;añh
,laIó
a fmf¾rd uy;añh
vhia wurisxy uy;d
vii
mgqk
msgqj
1'0 úIh ks¾foaYh
1'1 ye¢kaùu 2
1'2 Ñ;%l,dj úIhfha wruqKq 3
1'3 úIhhg wod< ksmqK;d 3
1'4 fYa%Kshg wod< ksmqK;d uÜgï 4
1'5 ksmqK;d" ksmqK;d uÜgï"

úIh wka;¾.;h yd ld,Éfþo 5-7
1'6 bf.kqï-b.ekaùï l%fudamd 8-9
1'7 bf.kqï m%j¾Okh i|yd mdi,a m%;sm;a;s yd

jevigyka 10
2'0 bf.kqï - b.ekaùï l%ufõoh
2'1 ye¢kaùu 12-14
2'2 .=re Nj;=kg

a Wmfoia 15
2'3 ls%hdldrlï jdrj,g fn§u 16
2'4 ls%hdldrlï ika;;sh 17-123
3'0 ;lafiarej yd we.hSu
3'1 ye¢kaùu 126-127
3'2 bf.kqï b.ekaùï ls%hdj,sh

§¾> lsÍfï WmlrK 128-131
viii
1.0 úIh ks¾foaYh
1
1'1 ye¢kaùu
iqiudys; fm!reI j¾Okhla f.dvke.Sfuys,d WmldÍ jk fi!kao¾h lafIa;%

w;ßka Ñ;% l,d úIhhg ysñjkafka woaú;Sh ia:dkhls'
Ñ;% l,dj kj .=re ud¾f.damfoaY ix.%yh ie,iqï lsÍfï§" mdi,a isiq orejdf.a
oekqu" wld,am" l=i,;d j¾Okh lr,Su i|yd m%Odk ksmqK;d y;la mdol lr .efka'
úkaok Yla;s j¾Okh" ks¾udK l=i,;d fmdaIKh" úpdr nqoaê j¾Okh fuka u" bjiSu"
ixhuh" Ñ;a;fõ. md,kh" iyfhda.S;dj jeks wdOHd;añl .=Kj.d j¾Okh lsÍfï
wfmalaIdfjka úIh wka;¾.;h ie,iqï fldg we;'
Ñ;% l,d ridiajdoh" ixialD;sl miqìu" isoaOdka;" m%dfhda.s lrKh yd ks¾udK

l=i,;d j¾Okh wdYs%; úIh mrdihlska iukaú; fi!kao¾h ls%hdldrlï iuQyhlska
wdjrKh ù we;s fuu .=re ud¾f.damfoaY ix.%yh wOHhkfhka iajNdúl j yd ks¾ñ; j
Wodúh yels wkd.; wNsfhda. i|yd uqyqK§ug iu;a jQ kQ;k jev f,dalfha Ôjk
l=i,;d i|yd fhda.H iunr fm!reIhlska fyì ore mrmqrla ìyslr,Su wfmalIA d flf¾'
YsIH bf.kqï b.ekaùï lsh% doduh id¾:l lr.ekSfï § .=re ld¾h Ndrh" myiqlï
ie,iSfï yd Wmldrl fiajdjla f,i YsIH flakaøsh j ls%hd;aul jk w;r mqoa.,
wkkH;djlska hq;a YsIH p¾hduh ksmK q ;d wod< ks¾
s Kdhl Tiafia ksr;=re wëlaIKhg
,la lsÍu" .=rejrhdf.a úêu;a ;lafiare yd we.hSï lsh
% doduh jvd;a myiq lrùu msK
s i
s
mdol jkq we;'
7 jk fYa%Khs Ñ;% l,d úIh Odrdj W.kakd isik

q f
a .a Wiia bf.kqï wjia:d i|yd
m%.K
= l< hq;= ksmKq ;d uÜgï" kshñ; úIh mrdihg wkql, + j fuu .=re ud¾f.damfoaY
ix.%yh ;=< wka;¾.; fldg we;' wod< úIh fldgia i|yd ls%hdldrlï ie,iqï lr
.ekSug Ñ;% l,d .=rejrhdg iajdëk wjldYhla ,nd foa'
.fõIK YlH;d ;=<ska fmdaIKh jk úIhdkqnoaO m%dfhda.sl l=i,;d" isiqka

iudc.;ùfï § M,odhSjk whqßka jHjydßl Ôú;h yd ne¢ ksIm a dok yd fiajd wjYH;d
i|yd fhduq lrùfï yd wka;¾ cd;sl oDYH ks¾udK odhl;ajh i|yd ixj¾Okh
lrùfï l%ufõohkag wh;a mdi,a m%;sm;a;s yd jev igyka ud,djla y÷kajd § we;'
hym;a p¾hdjkaf.ka fyì mQ¾K iudcdkqfhda.hla ,enQ wkd.; f,dalhg M,odhS

yd ks¾udKYS,S mqrjeishl= ìyslr,Sfï wfmalI
a Kfhka hq;= j wod< YsIH ksmK
q ;d idlaId;a
lr.ekSu i|yd fuu Ñ;% l,d .=re ud¾f.damfoaY ix.%yh mßyrKh lsÍu .=rejrhdg
uy;a msájy,la jkq we;'
2
1'2 Ñ;% l,dj úIhfha wruqKq
• mßirh weiqßka úkaokh Yla;s j¾Okh
mßirh ish¨ ixisoaê ñksia Ôú; yd ne£ mj;S' YsIHhd ;=< mßirh yd ne¢
fi!kao¾hd;aul jákdlï ms<n
s | úêu;a njla we;s lsÍfuka mßirhdkqnoaO j úkaok
Yla;s j¾Okh lsÍu fu u`.ska wfmalaId flf¾'
• ks¾udKd;aul Ñka;kh yd ks¾udKd;aul l=i,;d j¾Okh

Ôú;fha uqyqKmdk úúO .eg¨ yd wjia:dj, ks¾udKYS,S j lghq;= lsÍu i|yd
wjYH Ñka;k Yla;s j¾Okh yd Ôú;fha úúO wjYH;d i|yd Wiia ks¾udK lD;s
ìys lsÍfï yelshd j¾Okh'
• M,odhS Èú meje;aulg wjYH l=i,;d yd wdl,am j¾Okh

Ôú;h M,odhS f,i .; lsÍfï yelshdj fuka u hï ld¾hhl § ld¾hlaIu j lghq;=
lsÍfï yelshdj wjYH fõ' tfuka u wfkHdkH iqyo;dj iy tlsfkld ms<sn|
f.!rjKSh ye`.Sulska hq;=j lghq;= lsÍfï yelshdj ,eîu jeo.;a fõ' ta i|yd
wjYH l=i,;d yd wdl,am j¾Okh fu u`.ska wfmalaId flf¾'
• foaYsh wkkH;d y÷kd .ekSu yd w.h lsÍu'

foaYSh idxialD;sl wx. y÷kd .ekSfuka foaYdNsudkS ye`.Sulska hq;= j iy foaYSh
wkkH;djlska hq;= j lghq;= lsÍu ms<n
s | Wodr ye`.ï
S j¾Okh lsÍu jeo.;a fõ' ta
i|yd wjYH fi!kao¾h úIhdkqnoaO oekqu ,nd§u fu u`.ska wfmalaId flf¾'
• úpdr Yla;s j¾Okh

úúO ikakf
s õok udOH Tiafia úúO jevigyka m%pdrh lrk w;r yrj;a yd fhda.H
jevigyka f;dard .ekSug yels Wiia ri{;d j¾Okh fu u`.ska wfmalaId flf¾'
• ud¾f.damfoaYhla f,i Ndú; lsÍu'

bf.kqï b.ekaùï WmlrK iïmdokh lrkakkg .=re fo.=rekag iy mdi,a YsIHhkg
iy bka Tíng bf.kqï b.ekaùï lsh% dj,sh ie,iqï lrkakkag fuu .=re ud¾f.damfoaY
ix.%yh Woõ jkq we;ehs wfmalI
a d flf¾'
1'3 úIhhg wod< ksmqK;d

01' mßirh wdYs%; f;aud hgf;a Ñ;% ixrpkh lrhs'
02' mßirfha mj;akd øjH iïmsKv a kd;aulj Ñ;%Kh lrhs'
03' mdßydßl wjYH;d i|yd fhda.H ie,iqï yd ieris,s ks¾udKh lrhs'
04' ksIma dok yd fiajd wjYH;d i|yd .%e*sla Ñ;% ks¾udKh lrhs'
05' úúO udOH Ndú;fhka uQ¾;s yd leghï ks¾udKh lrhs'
06' wd.ñl yd idxialD;sl wx." foia úfoia f;dard .;a Ys,amSkaf.a l,d ks¾udK
woH;k oDYH l,d lD;s yd ck udOHh weiqßka y÷kd .;a l,d wx. ms<sn|
wOHhkh lrhs'
07' foaYh S yd úfoaYh
S ft;sydisl Ñ;%" uQ¾;s yd .Dy ks¾udK l,djkaf.a .=Kd;aulnj
úu¾Ykh lr iaj;ka;% ks¾udK i|yd Ndú;hg .ksh's
3
1'4 fYa%Kshg wod< ksmqK;d uÜgï
1'1 iajNdúl mßirh wdYs%; f;aud hgf;a Ñ;% ixrpkh lrhs'
1'2 ks¾ñ; mßirh wdYs%; f;aud hgf;a Ñ;% ixrpkh lrhs'
2'1 øjH iïmsKv

a k Ñ;%Kh lsÍu i|yd úúO jia;k
+ f
a .a wdfõKsl ,laIK wOHhkh
lrhs'
2'2 úúO øjH iïmsKavk j¾K udOH Ndú;fhka Ñ;%Kh lrhs'
3'1 iajNdúl øjHhkaf.a yev;, Wmfhda.S lr.ksñka ie,iqï yd ieris,s ks¾udKh

lrhs'
3'2 ks¾ñ; jia;+kaf.a yev;, Wmfhda.S lr.ksñka ie,iqï yd ieris,s ks¾udKh

lrhs'
4'1 úúO NdId udOH Wmfhda.S lr.ksñka ks¾udKd;aulj wlaIr lrKfha fhfohs'
5'1 ir, yev Ndú;fhka úúO i;aj bßhõ ks¾udKh lrhs'
5'2 ir, yev Ndú;fhka úúO ñksia bßhõ ks¾udKh lrhs'
6'1 rEmjdyskS udOH ;=< olakg we;s <ud jevigykaj, oDYH l,d wx. w.hhs'
6'2 <ud Ñ;% ks¾udK w.hhs'
7'1 YS% ,xldfõ ft;sydisl ia:Qm ks¾udK wOHhkh lrhs'
7'2 YS% ,xldfõ yd hqfrdamfha m%d.a ft;sydisl hq.hkaf.a Ñ;% ms<n

s | wjfndaOh ,nhs'
4
1'5 ksmqK;d" ksmqK;d uÜgï" úIh wka;¾.;h yd ld,Éfþo
ksm
s K
q ;d ksmqK;d uÜgï úIh wka;¾.;h ld,Éfþo
1'0 mßirh 1'1 iajNdúl mßirh wdYs;

% • ;,h Ndú;h
24
wdYs;
% f;aud f;a u d hgf;a Ñ;% • mßudKh
hgf;a Ñ;% ixrpkh lrhs' • m¾hdf,dalh
ixrpkh • ;s%udK ,laIK
lrhs' 1'2 ks¾ñ; mßirh wdYs%; • iunr;dj
f;audjka hgf;a Ñ;% • j¾K Ndú;h
ixrpkh lrhs' • f;audfõ w¾:j;a
nj
• iuia; ksudj
2'0 mßirfha 2'1 øjH iïmsKavk • úúOjia;k + f

a .a
mj;akd Ñ;%Kh lsÍu i|yd wdfõksl .;s
øjHh úúO jia;+kaf.a ,laIK yd yev 10
iïmsKva - wdfõKsl ,laIK • u;=mgs ijNdj
kd;aulj wOHhkh lrhs' • f¾Ld Ndú;h
Ñ;%Kh • mßudKh
lrhs' 2'2 úúO øjH iïmsKavk • ;s%udK nj
j¾K udOH • m¾hdf,dalh
Ndú;fhka Ñ;%Kh • j¾K udOH Ndú;h
lrhs' • ksudj
3'0 mdßydßl 3'1 iajNdúl øjHhkaf.a • mdßydßl wjYH;d 15

wjYH;d yev ;, Wmfhda.S lr • Ndú;hg yd
i|yd .ksñka ie,iqï yd udOHhg WÑ; nj
fhda.H ieris,s ks¾udKh • iajNdúl yev
ie,iqï yd lrhs' • ks¾ñ; yev
ieris,s • uQ,sl ie,iqu
ks¾udKh 3'2 ks¾ñ; jia;+kf
a .a • j¾K udOH Ndú;h
lrhs' yev;, Wmfhda.S lr • ks¾udKd;aul nj
.ksñka ie,iqï yd • ksudj
ieris,s ks¾udKh
lrhs'
5
4'0 ksIma dok yd 4'1 úúO NdId udOH • úúO NdIdjka g 15
fiajd Wmfhda.S lr .ksñka wh;a wlaIr
wjYH;d ks¾udKd;aul • wla I r lrKfha
i|yd .%e*sla wlaIrlrKfha úúO l%u
Ñ;% fhfohs' • ks¾udKd;aul
ks¾udKh wlaIr
lrhs' • wjYH;dj,g WÑ;
nj yd .e,mSu
• j¾K udOH Ndú;h
• ksudj
5'0 úúO udOH 5'1 ir, yev Ndú;fhka • udOHhg yd 10

Ndú;fhka úúO i;a j bßhõ wjYH;djg WÑ;
uQ¾;s yd ks¾udKh lrhs' nj'
leghï • weöu
ks¾udKh 5'2 ir, yev Ndú;fhka • fk<S u
lrhs' úúO ñksia bßhõ • ir, yev
ks¾udKh lrhs' • ksudj
6'0 wd.ñl yd 6'1 rEmjdyskS udOH ;=< • <ud kdgH 08

ixialD;sl olakg we;s <ud jev • rElv
wx." foia igykaj, oDYH l,d • ldgQka
úfoia wx. w.hhs'
f;dard .;a • wjq r eÿ 12 ola j d
Ys,ma k
S f
a .a 6'2 <ud Ñ;% ks ¾ udK <uq k a f .a Ñ;%
l,d w.hhs' ks¾udK
ks¾udK"
woH;k
odYH l,d
lD;s yd ck
udOH
weiqßka
y÷kd.;a
l,d wx.
ms<n
s |
wOHhkh
lrhs'
6
7'0 foaYh
s yd 7'1 YS% ,xldfõ ft;sydisl • :Qmdrduh
10
úfoaYhS ia : Q m ks ¾ udK • rejkaje,s uyd ieh
ft;sydisl wOHhkh lrhs' • wNh.sßh
Ñ;%" uQ¾;s yd • rkafld;a fjfyr
.Dy ks¾udK 7'2 YS % ,xldfõ yd • le<Ks od.en
l,djkaf.a hq f rda m fha m% d .a
.=Kd;aul ft;sydisl hq.hkaf.a Ys% ,xldj
nj Ñ;% ms<sn| wjfndaOh • ;ka ; s ß uf,a .= y d
úu¾Ykh ,nhs' Ñ;%
lr iaj;ka;% • fodrjl .=yd Ñ;%
ks¾udK • ì,a,Ej .=yd Ñ;%
i|yd
Ndú;hg hqfrdamh
.ksh's • m%xYfha - ,eiaflda"
fmdkaäf.dañ .=yd
Ñ;%
• ia m d[a [ fha -
we,aguhsrd .=yd
Ñ;%
7
1'6 bf.kqï- b.ekaùï l%fudamd
bf.kqï b.ekaùï ls%hdj,sfha § uQ,sl jYfhka isiqka .fõIKhg fhduq lsÍu

wfmalaId flf¾' oekqu wdl,am l=i,;d .fõIKfha § hq., fyda l=vd lKavdhï
jYfhka fuu ld¾hfha isiqka fhoùu jvd w¾:j;a fõ' YsIHhdf.a iudc yelshd
j¾Okh lsÍu i|yd fuu l%uh Wmfhda.S fõ'
Ñ;% l,dj .=re ud¾f.damfoaY ix.%yfha m%dfhda.sl lafIa;%fha Ys,amSh olaI;d

j¾Okh" ksmqK;d j¾Okh ;=<ska iqúfYaI jQ Ys,amSh l%u ms<sn| m%dfhda.sl wjfndaOh
mq`M,a lr .ekSu yd tajd mßyrKh lrk l%ufõo y\qkd .ekSu i|yd isik q a fhduq l< hq;=
fõ' fï i|yd Ñ;% ixrpkh" øjH iïmsKv a kh" .%e*sla Ñ;%" fudai;
a r ie,iqï yd uQ¾;s
ks¾udK wNHdi i|yd isiqka fhduq l< hq;= h' tfuka u fuu úIhg iqúfYaI jQ
mdßNdIsl jpkd¾: ms<sn| mq`M,a wjfndaOhla ,nd §u" Ñ;% l,djg wod< iqúfYaI jQ
isoOa dka; wjfndaOh j¾Okh lsÍu" úúO WmlrK yeisrùu ms<n s | wjfndaOh j¾Okh
lsÍu" i|yd isiqka fhduq l< hq;= h'
fuu wjfndaOhka i|yd jQ m%dfhda.l s wNHdij, fhoùfï§ m¾hdf,dalh" mßudK"

;s%udK ,laIK" laIh jDoaê ,laIK jeks isoaOdka; ms<sìUq jk ud;Dldj,g wh;a Ñ;%
ixrpkh i|yd fhduq lsÍu" j¾K yd ne¢ uQ,O¾u wjfndaO jk wdldrfha j¾K wNHdij,
fhoùu" úúO idïm%odhsl ì;= is;=jï ks¾udK ;=<ska mdrïmßl Ñ;% isoaOdka; ms<sn|
oekqu j¾Okh lsÍu" fmdaig a ¾ Ñ;%" fj<| oekaùï" ojgk yd úúO fudai; a r ks¾udKhkag
fhduq lsÍfuka .%e*sla yd fudaia;r ms<sn| uQ,O¾u wjfndaOh i|yd wjia:d i,id§u"
ñksia rEm yd i;aj rEm mßudKql+,j we§fï wjfndaOh i|yd úúO udkj rEm bßhõ
wOHhkhg isiqka fhduq lsÍu isÿl< hq;= h' tfuka u Ñ;% l,dj úIh ks¾foaYh ;=<ska
foaYhS yd úfoaYh
S Ñ;%l,d b;sydih ms<n s | lreKq" kHdhd;aul úIh oekqu YsIHhska ;=<
j¾Okh lsÍu wfmalaId flf¾' fuys § Ñ;% l,dfõ wdrïNh" úldYkh" úúO Ñ;% l,d
hq." úúO l,d lD;s yd tajdfha l,d;aul yd ft;sydisl jákdlï tajdg n,mE úúO
wd.ñl yd úfoaYh S n,mEï yd ta ms<ns | ridiajdoh i|yd isik
q a fhduq lsÍu jeo.;a fõ'
Ñ;% l,dj b.ekaùfï l%uYs,m a lsh

% d;aul lsÍfï § YsIHhkaf.a YdÍßl yd udkqIl
s
j¾Okh ms<n s | j .=rejrhd ie,ls,u
s ;a úh hq;= h' úfYaIfhka u <ud Ñ;% l,d ixj¾Ok
hq. ms<n
s | .=rejrhd ;=< ukd jegySula ;sìh hq;= h' ta wkqj ,nd fok Ñ;% ud;Dld iy
b.ekaùfï l%u Ys,am o fjkia úh hq;= h'
Ñ;% l,d bf.kqï- b.ekaùï l%fudamd jYfhka fhdað; l%u Ys,m

a rdYshla we;=<;a
l<yels fõ'
8
m%fõYh i|yd
• nqoê
a l,ïNk
• ixjdo
• rEmjdyskS o¾Yk yd wod< ùäfhda mg
• oDYHOdr weiqfrka
.fõIKh i|yd Ñ;% l,dj b.ekaùfï l%u
• lKavdhï l%uh
• .eg¨ l%uh
• wkdjrK bf.kqï l%uh
• f;dr;=re wOHhkh
• lafIa;% pdßld
• Ñ;% m%o¾Yk ixúOdkh
• mejreï
• jHdmD;s
9
1'7 bf.kqï m%j¾Okh i|yd mdi,a m%;sm;a;s yd jev igyka
m%o¾Yk
• cd;sl uÜgfï m%o¾Ykh i|yd ks¾udK odhl;ajh
• wfkl=;a fi!kao¾h úIhhkaf.a jev igykaj,g iu.dó j Ñ;% m%o¾Ykh
meje;aùu
• mka;s lj m%o¾Ykh meje;aùu
;r.
• ksjdidka;r m%dfoaYh
S yd cd;sl uÜgfï ;r. i|yd iyNd.s;j
a h
• cd;Hka;r ;r. i|yd iyNd.s;j a h
pdrsld
• l,d;aul jákdlula we;s ft;sydisl ia:dk keröu i|yd pdßld ixúOdkh
• .fõIK pdßld ixúOdkh
fjk;a
• woH;k Ys,ma k
S f
a .a m%o¾Yk keröu
• úIhg wod< jev uqM i|yd iyNd.sùu
• mka;s ldurh yd wjg w,xldr lsÍfï l=vd jHdmD;s
• mdi,a j;a; w,xldr lsÍfï jHdmD;s
• mdif,a W;aij yd fjk;a úúO wjia:d i|yd ks¾udK odhl;ajh2
10
2.0 bf.kqï - b.ekaùï l%ufõoh
11
2'1 yeÈkaùu
fuu mdGud,djg wod< bf.kqï - b.ekaùï l%ufõoh ;SrKh lsÍfï § .fõIKh

mokï lr f.k isiq ksmKq ;d f.dvke.Sug yels jk mßÈ bf.kqï -b.ekaùï lsh
% dldrlï
ie,iqï lsÍu flfrys wjOdkh fhduq lr we;' ksmK q ;d mdol wOHdmkh i|yd fufia
iQodkï ùfï § .=re N+ñldfõ o meyeÈ,s fjkila wfmalaId flf¾'
w;S;fha isg wfma mka;s ldurj, nyq, j ls%hd;aul jQ idïm%odhsl iïfma%IK

N+ñldj (TRANSMISSION ROLE) yd miq ld,Skj y÷kajd fokq ,enQ .kqfokq N+ñldj
(TRANSACTION ROLE) j¾;udk mka;s ldur ;=< ;ju;a lemS fmfka' mdi,a yerhk
ore oeßhkaf.a Ñka;k l=i,;d yd iudc l=i,;dj, wo olakg ,efnk msßySu ms<sn|
i,ld n,k úg bf.kqï- b.ekaùï l%ufõoh ixj¾Okh úh hq;= nj;a" th isÿúh hq;=
wdldrh;a y÷kd.ekSu wmyiq fkdfõ'
iïfma%IK .=re N+ñldfõ § isiqka W.; hq;= ish,a, okakd whl= f,i .=rejrhd
ms<.
s efkk w;r isik q a ta lsij
s la fkdokakd wh f,i i,ld Tjqka fj; ±kqu iïfmaI
% Kh
lsÍu .=re ld¾hh njg m;aù ;sfí' .=rejrhdf.ka isik q g ±kqu .,d hdug muKla iSud
jk foaYk uqyqKqjrla .kakd fuu bf.kqï- b.ekaùï ls%hdj,sh isiq Ñka;kh wjê
lsÍug fyda isiqkaf.a fm!oa.,sl yd iudc l=i,;d ixj¾Okh lsÍug fyda m%udKj;a
wkaoñka odhl fkdfõ'
.=rejrhd mka;h s iu`. we;s lr .kakd foni .kqfokq N+ñldfõ wdrïNl wjia:dj
fõ' .=rejrhdf.ka mka;h s g yd mka;f
s hka .=rejrhdg .,d hk woyiaj,g wu;rj isi-q
isiq wka;¾ lsh
% d o miqj we;s ùu ksid fuu foni l%ufhka ixjdohlg fmrf<hs' okakd
fohska fkdokakd fohg" ir, fohska ixlS¾K fohg fukau ixhqla; fohska úhqla;
fohg isiqka f.khdu i|yd .=rejrhd È.ska È.g u m%YaklrKfha ksr; fõ'
ksmqK;d mdol wOHdmkfha § YsIH ld¾ha m%n, ia:dkhla .kakd w;r mka;sfha
iEu <uhl= u ta ta ksmqK;dj iïnkaO j wju jYfhka wdikak m%ùK;djg fyda f.k
taug ueÈy;a jk iïm;a odhlhl=f.a (RESOURCE PERSON) ;;A;j a hg .=rejrhd m;a
fõ' bf.kqug wjYH WmlrK yd wfkl=;a myiqlï iys; bf.kqï mßirhla ie,iqï
lsÍu isiqka bf.k .kakd whqre iómj ksÍlaIKh lsÍu" YsIH yelshd yd fkdyelshd
y÷kd .ekSu" wjYH mßÈ fmdaIK yd m%;f s mdaIK ,nd foñka isik
q fa .a bf.kqï m%j¾Okh
lsÍu fuka u mka;sldurfhka neyerg bf.kqï- b.ekaùï ls%hdj,sh §¾> lsÍu i|yd
iqÿiq WmlrK ilia lsÍuo fuys § .=rejrhdf.ka bgq úh hq;= uQ,l s ld¾h fõ' hf:dla;
.=re ld¾hNdrh weiqre fldg.;a .=re N+ñldj mßKduk N+ñldj (TRANSFORMATION
ROLE) f,i kï lr ;sfí'
12
fuu .=re ud¾f.damfoaY ix.%yfha m<uqjk fldgi uÕska y÷kajd fokq ,nk
úIhud,dj ls%hd;aul lsÍu i|yd fhdod .;yels ls%hdldrlï ika;;sh tys fojeks
fldgig we;=<;a lr we;' wvq ;rñka mshjr ;=kla we;=<;a jk mßÈ fï iEu lsh % dldrlula
u ixj¾Okh lr ;sfí' lsh % dldrlïj, m<uqjk mshjr uÕska isik q a bf.kqug iïnkaO
lr .ekSug wfmalaId lrkq ,efí' tneúka fuu mshjr iïnkaO lr .ekSfï mshjr
(ENGAGEMENT STEP) jYfhka kï lr ;sfí' fuys wdrïNhla f,i .=rejrhd .kqfokq
N+ñldfõ ,laIK m%o¾Ykh lrñka isiqka iu`. fonilg uq, mqrhs' miqj ixjdohlg
mßj¾;kh úh yels fï foni hgf;a .fõIKfha fh§fuka" ixj¾Okh lr.;hq;=
uQ,ls ksmK
q ;d yd iïnkaO úh yels fï foni hgf;a .fõIKfha fh§fuka" ixj¾Okh
lr.;hq;= uQ,ls ksmK
q ;d yd iïnkaO fmr ±kqu isym s ;a lr .ekSug;a" lsh
% dldrlïj,
bÈßh ms<sn| b`.s ,nd .ekSug;a isiqkg wjia:dj ie,fia' fuu woyia yqjudre i|yd
fhdod .; yels Wml%u rdYshla .=rejrhd i;=j we;' m%Yk
a bÈßm;a lsÍu" msk;a r+ " mqj;am;a
±kaùï yd ieK m;a (FLASH CARDS) jeks W;af;acl fhdod.ekSu .eg¨" m%fya,l s d fyda
isoaê wOHhk Ndú;h' fonia" N+ñld rx.k" lú" .S; wdo¾Yk (DEMONSRATIONS)
jeks fohla iDcqj fyda Y%jH mg fyda oDYH mg weiqfrka fhdod .ekSu fujka Wml%u
lsysmhls' idrdxY jYfhka my; i|yka wruqKq ;=k idlaId;a lr .ekSu uq,a fldg
ls%hdldrlïj, m<uqjk mshjr ls%hd;aul fõ'
• mka;sfha wjOdkh Èkd .ekSu'

• wjYH fmr ±kqu isym s ;a lr.ekSug isik
q g wjia:dj ,nd§u'
• ls%hdldrlfï fojeks mshjr hgf;a isiqka fhduq lsÍug wfmalaId lrk .fõIKfha
uQ,ls dx. isik
q g y÷kajd§u'
ls%hdldrlfï fojeks mshjr ie,iqï lr we;af;a .fõIKh (EXPLORATION)

i|yd isiqkg wjia:dj ,nd§ug h' isiqka .fõIKfha fhfokafka ta i|yd iqúfYaI j
ilia lrk ,o Wmfoia m;s%ldjla iy mejreula mokï lrf.k h' .eg¨jg iïnkaO
ùug me;s lKavdhï jYfhka .fõIKh lrñka iyfhda.S bf.kqfï fh§ug isiqkag
yelsjk mßÈ fuu .fõIKh ie,iqï lsÍug .=rejrhdg isÿ fõ' imhd we;s iïm;a øjH
m%fhdackhg .ksñka Yla;su;a nfjka hq;=j lKavdhï idlÉPd fufyhjñka isiqka
.fõIKfha ksr;ùu fuu mshjf¾ jeo.;a ,laIK lsysmhla fõ' ld,hla ;siafia tn÷
lKavdhï lsh % dldrlïj, ksr;ùu ksid iajhx úkh" wkHhkag ijka§u" wkHhka iu`.
iyfhda.fhka jev lsÍu" Tjqkg Woõ ùu ld, l<ukdlrKh" .=Kd;aul nfjka by<
ksmehqï ,nd .ekSu" wjxl nj wd§ idudkH Ôú;hg wjYH jeo.;a l=i,;d /ila
ixj¾Okh lr.ekSug o isik q g yelshdj ,efí'
isiqka .fõIKh i|y fhduq lsÍfï § YsIH lKavdhïj, kdhl;ajh ms<sn|

;SrK .ekSfuka .=rejrhd je<lS isáh hq;= w;r isik
q a w;ßka kdhlhka u;=ùug wjYh
miqìu muKla uekúka iQodkï l< hq;= h' ie`.jqKq yelshd mokï lr.ksñka
wjia:dfjdaÑ;j kdhl;ajh .ekSfï jrm%idoh fï wkqj isiqkg ysñ fõ'
13
ls%hdldrlfï f;jk mshjf¾ § iEu lKavdhulg u ;u .fõIK m%;sM, wka
whf.a ±k.ekSu i|yd bÈßm;a lsÍug wjia:dj ie,fia' fuys § .=rejrhd l<hq;af;a
iuQy bÈßm;a lsÍu i|yd isik
q a bÈßm;a lsÍuhs' iEu idudðlfhl=gu j.lSu mejfrk
mßÈ bÈßm;a lsÍu ie,iqï lsÍug isiqka fufyhùu o jevodhl h' isiq wkdjrK
meyeÈ,s lsÍu (EXPLANATION) yd iïnkaO fuu mshjf¾ jeo.;a ,laIKhla jkafka
wfma mka;sldur ;=< ks;r wefik .=re l:kh fjkqjg isiq y`v u;=ùug wjia:d
iïmdokh ù ;sîu h'
ls%hdldrlïj, isõjk mshjf¾ § fidhd .ekSu jeäÈhqKq lsÍug ke;akï

úia;drKhg (ELABORATION) isik q a fhduq lsÍu wjYH fõ' tla tla lKavdhu Tjqkf.a
bÈßm;a lsÍï wjika l< miq ta ms<n
s | ixj¾Okd;aul fhdackd u;= lsÍug bÈßm;a l<
lKavdhfï isiqkg m<uqjo wfkla lKavdhïj, isiqkg fojkqj o wjia:dj ,nd§fuka
fuh isÿ flf¾' flfia fj;;a wjidk iudf,dapkh ndrjkafka .=rejrhdg h' isiqka
ksr;jQ .fõIKhg wod< jeo.;a lreKq ish,a, meyeÈ,s jk fia;"a ixl,am yd kHdhhka
mss<sn| ksjerÈ wjfndaOh isiqka ;=< ;yjqre jk fia;a fuu iudf,dapkh isÿlsÍu
.=rejrhdf.ka wfmlaId flf¾'
mka;s ldur bf.kqï- b.ekaùï ls%hdj,sh wfmalaIs; wdldrfhka id¾:l j

bgqjkafka ±hs ksr;=rej fidhdne,Su fuu l%ufõoh hgf;a .=rejreka i;= m%Odk j.lSuls'
fï i|yd ;lafiarej yd we.hSu fhdod .; hq;= w;r ta i|+yd m%udKj;a bvlv bf.kqï-
b.ekaùï ls%hdj,sh ;=< § u ,nd.ekSug ie,iqï.; ls%hdldrlï .=rejrhdg wjia:dj
i,id foa' lsh
% dldrlfï fojk mshjr hgf;a isik q a .fõIKfha fhfok úg ;lafiarejg;a
(ASSESSMENT) lsh % dldrlfï f;jk mshjr hgf;a isikq g
a meyeÈ,s lsÍu yd úia;drKhg
fhduq jkúg we.hSug;a (EVALUATION) .=rejrhdg bv ,efí'
fï olajd úia;r lrk ,o bf.kqï- b.ekaùï l%ufõoh mßKduk N+ñldj

ls%hd;aul lsÍu i|yd .=rejrhd fhduq lrjhs' fïys § lKavdhï .fõIKhg uq,a;ek
,efnk w;r .kqfokqj" ixjdoh yd flá foaYk i|yd o .=rejrhdg wjldY ie,fia'
m%fõY mshjf¾ § .kqfokqjg yd ixjdohg wjia:dj we;s w;r" wjidk mshjf¾
iudf,dapkh hgf;a flá foiqulg yd ixl,am ;yjqre lsÍug .=rejrhdg bv we;' kj
iyY%lfha m<uqjk úIhud,d m%;sixialrKh hgf;a bÈßm;ajk fuu úIh ud,dj yd
iïnkaO bf.kqï- b.ekaùï l%ufõoh ixj¾Okh lsÍfï § mßKduk .=re N+ñldjg
wu;rj iïfmaI % K yd .kqfokq .=re N+ñldjg wod< jeo.;a ,laIK .ek o ie<ls,u
s ;a
ùu fuu l%ufõofha úfYaI;ajh f,i i|yka l< yels fõ'
14
2'2 .=reNj;=kg
a Wmfoia
• ls%hdldrlï ls%hd;aul lsÍfï § iqÿiq mßÈ ld,h l<ukdlrKh lr .kak'
• ls%hdldrlï wdlD;sfhys msyg

s d wod< isoO
a dka; Ndú; jk mßÈ ls%hdldrlï fjk;a
whqrlska ilialr .ekSug Tng ksoyi ;sfí'
• lsh
% dldrlïj,g wod< .=Kd;aul fhojqï j¾Ih wdrïNfha§ u ,nd .ekSug Wkkaÿ
jkak'
• fhdackd lr we;s .=Kd;aul fhojqï imhd.; fkdyels wjia:dj, § úl,am l%u

Ndú; lsÍug Tn ks¾udKYS,S jkak'
• .fõIK$ld¾h Wmfoia m;s%ld fjka fjka jYfhka isiqkag fyda lKavdhïj,g

,ndÈh fkdyels wjia:dj, § m;s%ldj m%o¾Ykhg ie,eiaùu jeks iqqÿiq l%ufõohla
wkq.ukh lrkak'
• lshùï m;s%ld i|yd o tjeksu l%ufõohla wkq.ukh lrkak'
• lshùï m;s%ldj, úIh lreKq idrdxY fldg olajd we;s w;r ;j ÿrg;a ixj¾Okh
lr .ekSug Tn lghq;= lrkak'
• lsh
% dldrlula wjidkfha § we;s ;lafiare yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl Ndú;fhka fyda tu
ks¾Kdhl weiqßka úIhnoaO ks¾Kdhl f.dvk.d iqÿiq mßÈ ,l=Kla m%odkh lsÍug
iy by< l<ukdlrKfha wjYH;dj, § ,l=Kq mßj¾;kh lr bÈßm;a lsÍug
lghq;= lrkak'
• bosrm
s ;a lr we;s bf.kqï b.ekaùï lsh
% dj,sh §¾> lsÍfï WmlrKh wdo¾Yhg f.k
wfkl=;a wjia:d i|yd wjYH bf.kqï b.ekaùï ls%hdj,sh §¾> lsÍfï WmlrK
ilia lr.kak'
15
2'3 ls%hdldrlï jdrj,g fn§u
jdrh ksmqK;d ksmqK;d uÜgï lsh

% dldrlï
m<uqjk jdrh 1'0 1'1 1'1'1" 1'1'2

2'0 2'1 2'1'1" 1'1'2
3'0 3'1 3'1'1
4'0 4'1 4'1'1
5'0 5'1 5'1'1
6'0 6'1 6'1'1
7'0 7'1 7'1'1
fojk jdrh 1'0 1'1 1'1'3" 1'1'4

2'0 2'2 2'2'1
3'0 3'1 3'1'1" 3'1'3
4'0 4'1 4'1'1" 4'1'3
5'0 5'1 5'1'2
6'0 6'1 6'1'2" 6'1'3
7'0 7'1 7'2'1
;=kajk jdrh 1'0 1'1 1'1'5" 1'2'1" 1'2'2

2'0 2'2 2'2'2" 2'2'3
3'0 3'1 3'2'1
4'0 4'1 4'1'4" 4'1'5
5'0 5'1 5'1'3
6'0 6'1 6'2'1
7'0 7'1 7'2'2
16
2'4 ls%hdldrlï ika;;sh
ksmK
q ;dj 1'0 ( mßirh wdYs%; f;aud hgf;a Ñ;% ixrpkh lrhs'
ksmqK;d uÜgu 1'1 ( iajdNdúl mßirh wdYs;

% f;aud hgf;a Ñ;% ixrpkh lrhs'
lsh
% dldrlu 1'1'1 ( jeis Èkhla
ld,h ( ld,Éfþo 03 hs'
.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( • weuqKuq 1'1'1'1 g wod< .fõIK$ld¾h Wmfoia m;sl % dj

• jeis Èkhl úúO wjia:d oelafjk Ñ;% kso¾Yk
• jeis Èkhl § oDIHudk jk udkj ls%hdldrlï yd
bßhõ iys; o< rEm igyka
• úúO Ys,am l%u yd ffY,S oelafjk Ñ;% kso¾Yk
• Ñ;% w¢k lvodis" meiag,a" mekai,a" mskai,a" Èh idhï
bf.kqï - b.ekaùï ls%hdj,sh

mshjr 1'1'1'1 ( • jeis Èkhla ms<sn| isiq w;aoelSï úuiñka mdvug
msúfikak'
• wod< úúO Ñ;% kso¾Yk fmkajñka f;audj wjOdrKh
lrkak'
• my; i|yka lreKq wjOdrKh jk mßÈ idlÉPdjla
fufyhjkak'
• jeis Èkhl § mdßißl iajNdjh fjkiajknj

• jeis Èkhl olakg ,efnk udkj yeisÍï yd
bßhõ úúO;ajfhka hq;=nj
• jeis Èkhl oelsh yels úúO ls%hdldrlï iys;
w;aoelSï uekúka Ñ;%Kh l< yelsnj
^ñks;;a = 20 hs&
mshjr 1'1'1'2 ( • weuqKqu wxl 1'1'1'1 g wod< .fõIK$ld¾h m;s%ld
isiqkg fnod fokak'
• Ñ;% we£fï WmlrK isiqkag fnod fokak'
• wod< f;audj hgf;a isiqka ls%hdldrlfuys fhdojkak'
• Ñ;% ks¾udK mka;s ldurfha m%o¾Ykh lsÍug iqodkï
lrjkak'
^ñks;;
a = 80 hs&
17
mshjr 1'1'1'3 ( • isiqkaf.a ks¾udK mx;s ldurfha m%o¾Ykh lsÍug
wjia:dj ,nd fokak'
• ish ks¾udK ms<sn|j iajhx we.hSulg wjia:dj ,nd
fokak'
• m%o¾Ys; ks¾udK ms<n
s | ixj¾Okd;aul woyia bÈßm;a
lsÍu i|yd isiqkag wjia:d ,nd fokak'
• my; i|yka lreKq wjOdrKh lrñka iudf,dapkhl
fhfokak'
• jeis Èkhla Ñ;%Kh lsÍfï§ úúO wjia:d yd isoê a

ksrEmKh l< yelsnj'
• tjeks wjia:djla Ñ;%Kh lsÍfï§ úúO ffY,Ska
yd Ys,am l%u Ndú; l< yelsnj'
• jeis Èkhla ksrEmKh lsÍfï§ m¾hdf,dalh yd
iunr;djh yd ;su % dK ,laIK wd§ uQ,l
s isoO
a dka;
Ndú; l< yelsnj'
• f;audj w¾:j;aj ksrEmKh i|yd ls%hdldÍ rEm
fuka u j¾K Ndú;h o jeo.;a jknj'
• Ñ;%fha m%ldYkd;aul nj j¾Okh lsÍu i|yd
udkj" i;aj yd mdßißl .;s ,laIK ksrEmKh
lsÍu jeo.;a nj'
^ñks;;
a = 20 hs&
;lafiare yd we.ehSï ks¾Kdhl

• jeis Èkhl§ oelsh yels udkj i;aj yd mdßißl fjkia lï m%ldY lrhs'
• Ñ;%h ks¾udKh lsÍfï§ ;su
% dK nj" m¾hdf,dalh yd iunr;d ,laIK Ndú;hg .kS'
• Ñ;% ks¾udKfha§ úúO ffY,s w;ayod n,hs'
• mdßißl úúO;d Ñ;%Kh lsÍu i|yd w;aoelSï ,nhs'
• j¾K lsÍï ms<n
s | w;aoelSï fjk;a ks¾udK i|yd fhdod .ksh
s 's
weuqKu
q 1'1'1'1
.fõIK$ld¾h Wmfoia m;s%ldj

• mx;s ldurfha m%o¾Ykh lrkq ,nk —jeis Èkhla˜ hk f;audjg wod< Ñ;% ks¾udK
fyd¢ka ksÍlaIKh lrkak'
• m%o¾Ykh lrk ,o úúO lsh% dldÍ udkj bßhõ iys; o< igyka wdo¾Yhg .ksñka
f;audjg WÑ; Ñ;%hla ks¾udKh lrkak'
• iunr;dj" m¾hdf,dal ,laIK" ;su% dKnj ms<n
s | .eg¨ wjia:d úiod .ekSu i|yd
wjYH .=re Wmfoia ,nd .kak'
• Ñ;% ks¾udK mx;shg bÈßm;a lsÍu i|yd iqodkï lrkak'
18
ksmK

lsh
% dldrlu 1'1'2 ( Y%uodkhla
ld, ( ld,Éfþo 03 hs'
.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( • weuqKu

q 1'1'2'1g we;=<;a .fõIK$ld¾h Wmfoia m;sl
% dfõ
msgm;a'
• Y%uodkhla ms<sn| úúO wjia:d yd isoaê ksrEmKh jk
kso¾Yk Ñ;%
• úúO udkj ls%hdldrlï yd bßhõ ms<sìUq jk Ñ;% o<
igyka
• úúO Ñ;% ffY,s yd Ys,am l%u oelafjk kso¾Yk Ñ;
• Ñ;% lvodis" meiag,a" mekai,a" mskai,a" Èh idhï

mshjr 1'1'2'1 ( • Y%uodkhl úúO wjia:d yd isoê
a úuiñka ud;Dldjg
msúfikak'
• wod< kso¾Yk Ñ;% m%o¾Ykh lrñka Y%uodkhl
kshef,k udkj ls%hdldrlï wjOdrKh lrkak'
fufyhjkak'
• Y%uodkhl wjia:d yd isoaê úúOdldr jknj

• tu lsh% dldrlï wdYs;% úúO udkj yeisÍï" bßhõ
yd .;s ,laIK fjkia jknj'
• Y% u odkhl fhfok ms ß ia läirj yd
iyfhda.; S djfhka hq;=j lghq;= lrknj'
• tlS wjia:djg wkq.; úúO mqoa., pß; ,laIK
oelsh yelsnj'
^ñks;;
a = 20hs&
mshjr 1'1'2'2 ( • weuqKu q 1'1'2'1g we;=<;a .fõIK$ld¾h Wmfoia m;sl% dj

isiqkag fnod fokak'
• Ñ;% we£fï WmlrK isiqkag ,ndfokak'
• isiqka wod< ls%hdldrlfuys ksr; lrjkak'
• ksud lrk ,o Ñ;% mx;s ldurfha m%o¾Ykh lsÍug
iqodkï lrjkak'
^ñks;;
a = 80hs&
19
mshjr 1'1'2'3 ( • isiqkaf.a ks¾udK mx;s ldurfha m%o¾Ykh lrkak'
• ks¾udK ms<sn|j iajhx we.hSu i|yd wjia:dj ,nd
fokak'
• isiqkaf.a ixj¾Okd;aul woyia bÈßm;a lsÍu i|yd
wjia:dj ,ndfokak'
• my; i|yka lreKq wjOdrKh jk mßÈ iudf,dapkhl
fhfokak'
• ls%hdldÍ udkj bßhõ úoyd oelaùfï§ Y%uodk

wjia:djla id¾:lj Ñ;%Kh l< yelsnj'
• Ñ;% ks¾udKh lsÍfï§ wjia:dkql+,j" úúO Ys,am
l%u Ndú; l< yelsnj'
• mßudKh" m¾hdf,dalh yd ;s%udK ,laIK jeks
uQ,sl Ñ;% isoaOdka; Ndú; lsÍu fhda.H jknj'
• Y%uodkhla Ñ;%Kh lsÍfï § wod< udkj .;s ,laIK
yd wdfõKsl mdßißl iajNdj Wmfhda.S lr.ekSu
jeo.;a jknj'
• f;audjg wod< j¾K ixfhdackhla f;dard .ekSu
jeo.;a jknj'
^ñks;;
a = 20 hs&

• Y%uodkhla ms<n
s | úúO wjia:d yd isoê
a kï lrhs'
• Ñ;% ks¾udKfha§ úúO ffY,s yd isoaOdka; Ndú; lsÍu jeo.;a nj ms<s.kS'
• udkj bßhõ" ls%hdldrlï yd ffY,S Wml%u ud;Dldjg wkql+,j Ndú; lrhs'
• ukd l<ukdldÍ;ajfhka yd iyfhda.S;dfjka hq;=j ls%hd lrhs'
• kj w;aoelSï fjk;a ks¾udK i|yd Wmfhda.S lr .kshs'
weuqKu
q 1'1'2'1

• mx;s ldurfha m%o¾Ykh lrk Ñ;% fyd¢ka ksÍlaIKh lrkak'
• —Y%uodkhla˜ f;audjg wod< udkj ls%hdldrlï we;=<;a Ñ;%hla ks¾udKh lrkak'
• Ñ;%h ks¾udKfha§ uQ,sl isoaOdka; Ndú; lsÍu i|yd .=re Wmfoia ,nd .kak'
• meiag,a iy Èh idhï j¾K udOHhg wod< Ys,m
a l%u Ndú; lrñka j¾K .kajkak'
• Ñ;% ks¾udK mka;s ldurfha m%o¾Ykh lsÍu i|yd iqodkï lrkak'
20
ksmK

lsh
% dldrlu 1'1'3 ( .e,alrefjda
.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( • weuqKqu 1'1'3'1 g we;=<;a .fõIK$ld¾h Wmfoia

m;s%ldfõ msgm;a
• ".e,alrefjda˜ ud;Dldj ms<sn| úúO wjia:d yd isoaê
ms<sìUqjk kso¾Yk Ñ;%
• udkj yd i;aj ls%hdldrlï yd bßhõ ksrEmKh jk
Ñ;% o< igyka
• úúO Ñ;% ffY,s yd l%u Ys,am oelafjk kso¾Yk Ñ;%
• Ñ;% we£fï lvodis" mekai,a" meiag,a" mski
a ,a" Èh idhï

mshjr 1'1'3'1 ( • .e,alrejkaf.a Ôjk rgd ms<sìUq jk lr;a; lúhla
f;dard .;a isiqjl= ,jd .dhkd lrjkak'
• .e,alrejkaf.a ls%hdldrlï ms<sn| úúO ixisoaê
úuiñka ud;Dldjg msúfikak'
• wod< kso¾Yk Ñ;% m%o¾Ykh lrñka .e,alrejkaf.a
Ôjk rgdfõ iajNdjh ms<sn| úuikak'
fufyhjkak'
• j¾;udkfha iq,N jYfhka .e,alrejka oDIHudk

fkdjknj'
• .e,alrejkaf.a cx.u lsh
% dldÍ;ajh yd udkj Ôjk
rgdjka úúOdldr jknj'
• tlS udkj bßhõ yd .;s ,laIK úúO;ajfhka
hq;n
= j'
• úúO .% d óh m% f oa Y wdYs % ; j .uka .ka k d
.e,alrejkaf.a o¾Yk olakg ,efnknj'
^ñks;;
a = 20 hs&
21
mshjr 1'1'3'2 ( • weuqKqu 1'1'3'1 g we;=<;a .fõIK$ld¾h Wmfoia
m;s%ld isiqkag ,nd fokak'
• Ñ;% WmlrK isiqkag ,nd fokak'
• wod< isoaêhg wh;a udkj i;aj ls%hdldÍ iajNdjhka
mekai,h Ndú; lrñka Ñ;%Kh lsÍug isiqka fhduq
lr jkak'
• ks¾udKh lrk ,o lD;ska mka;s ldurfha m%o¾Ykh
lsÍug iqodkï lrjkak'
^ñks;;a = 80 hs&

• ks¾udK ms<sn| iajhx we.hSu i|yd isiqka fhduq
lrkak'
• fiiq ks¾udK i|yd ixj¾Okd;aul fhdackd bÈßm;a
lsÍug wjia:d ,nd fokak'
fhfokak'
• .e,a l rejka Ñ;% K h ls Í fï§ udkj" i;a j

ls%hdldÍ;ajhka yd pß; ,laIK uekúka úoyd
oelaúh yelsnj'
• .e,alrejkaf.a Ôjk rgdj yd mdßißl ;;a;aj
Ñ;%Kfha§ Ys,amS l%u yd ffY,s Wml%u Ndú;h
M,odhsnj'
• mßudKh" m¾hdf,dalh" ;%u s dK ,laIK" iunr;dj
ms<sn| uq,sl isoaOdka; Ndú;h Ñ;%fha .=Kd;aul
nj j¾Okh lsÍug bjy,a jknj'
• wod< f;audj ixrpkfha§ ixisoaêhg wh;a WÑ;
j¾K ixfhdackhla Ndú; lsÍu fhda.H jknj'
^ñks;;
a = 20 hs&
22
• .e,alrejkaf.a Ôjk rgdj wdYs%; udkj" i;aj ls%hdldrlï yd isoaê kï lrhs'
• úhelS hk .eñ Ôjk jD;a;k

S a ms<n
s |j f;dr;=re f.dkq lrhs'
• uQ,sl isoaOdka; Ndú; lrñka Ñ;% ks¾udKh lrhs'
• fjk;a ks¾udK i|yd ffY,S Wml%u Ndú; lrhs'
• ks¾udK w.h lrñka ri ú¢hs'
weuqKu
q 1'1'3'1

• mx;s ldurfha m%o¾Ykh lrk Ñ;% kso¾Yk fyd¢ka ksÍlaIKh lrkak'
• —.e,alrefjda˜a f;audjg wod< isoê

a hla f;dard f.k f¾Ld udOHfhka Ñ;%Kh lrkak'
• uQ,sl isoaOdka; yd udOHhg WÑ; Ys,aml%u Ndú; lrñka j¾K .kajkak'
• .=re;=ud$.=re;=ñhf.ka wjYH Wmfoia ,nd .kak'
• ks¾udK mka;s ldurfha m%o¾Ykh lsÍu i|yd iqodkï lrkak'
23
ksmK

lsh
% dldrlu 1'1'4 ( iS iEu

m;s%ldfõ msgm;a
• —iS iEu˜ ms<ns | úúO wjia:d" ls%hdldrlï" bßhõ
yd mdßißl ;;a;j a we;=<;a kso¾Yk Ñ;% yd o< igyka
• Èh idhï yd meiag,a Ys,am l%u we;=<;a úúO Ñ;%
kso¾Yk
• ì%ia,a fndaâ fyda we£fï lvodis" Èh idhï" mekai,a"
meiag,a" mskai,a

mshjr 1'1'4'1 ( • iS iEfï úúO wjia:d yd ixisoê
a we;=<;a Ñ;% kso¾Yk"
isiqkag m%o¾Ykh lrkak'
• iS iEfï úúO mdßißl ;;ajhka yd wjia:d ms<sn|
isiq w;aoelSï úuikak'
• my; i|yka lreKq wjOdrKh lrñka idlÉPdjla
fufyhjkak'
• iS iEfï úúO wjia:d yd ixisoaë úúO mdßißl

;;ajhka wkqj fjkia jknj'
• tlS ls%hdldrlïj,g wod< udkj yeisÍï rgd yd
.;s ,laIK fjkia jk nj'
• iS iEfï ksh;q = mqo.
a , lsh
% dldrlï l%uj;a yd ukd
l<ukdldrs;j a hlska hq;n= j'
• iS iEfï ls%hdldrlïj, ksh; q = mqo.
a , bßhõ pß;
iajNdjhka yd .;s ,laIK úúO;ajfhka hq;=nj'
• idïm%odhsl yd kùk fuj,ï Ndú;fhka iS iEfï
wjia:d olakg ,efnknj'
^ñks;a;= 20 hs&
24
mshjr 1'1'4'2 ( • weuqKuq 1'1'4'1g we;=<;a .fõIK$ld¾h Wmfoia
m;s%ld isiqkag ,ndfokak'
• Ñ;% we£fï WmlrK isiqkag ,nd fokak'
• ud;Dldjg wod< lsh % dldrlfuys isik
q a ksr; lrjkak'
• ksud lrk ,o Ñ;% mka;s ldurfha m%o¾Ykh lsÍug
iqodkï lrjkak'
^ñks;a;= 120 hs&

• ks¾udK ms<sn| iajhx we.hSï i|yd isiqkag wjia:d
,nd fokak'
• ks¾udK ixj¾Okh i|yd fiiq fhdackd bÈßm;a lsÍug
wjia:dj ,nd fokak'
fhfokak'
• iS iEu wdYs;% ud;Dldjla Ñ;%Kh lsÍfï§ lsh

% dldÍ
udkj rEmhka" úúO mdßißl ;;ajhka" bßhõ yd
.;s ,laIK oelaùu iqúfYaI jknj'
• wod< udOH wdYs%; ffY,s Wml%u yd Ys,am l%u
Ndú; lsÍu fhda.Hnj'
• mßudK" m¾hdjf,dal" ;s%udK yd iunr ,laIK
jeks uQ , s l is o a O dka ; Ndú;fhka Ñ;% f ha
.=Kd;aulnj jeä ÈhqKq l< yelsnj
• mdßißl ;;ajhkag wod< j¾K ixfhdackfhka
Ñ;%fha m%ldYkd;aul woyia ;Sj% jknj
^ñks;a;= 20 hs&
25
;lafiare iy we.ehSï ks¾Kdhl
• iS iEfï úúO wjia:d yd isoaê kï lrhs'

• udkj bßhõ úúO;d yd mdßißl ;;a;j a ud;Dldjg wod<j iïmsKva kh l< yels
wdldrh úia;r lrhs'
• uQ,sl isoaOdka; wd;=<;a úúO ffY,s yd Ys,am l%u w;ayod n,hs'
• id¾:l ls%hdoduhla i|yd ukd l<ukdldÍ;ajhlska hq;=j ls%hd lrhs'
• ks¾udK w.hñka ri ú¢hs'
weuqKu
q 1'1'4'1
• mka;sfha m%o¾Ykh lrk Ñ;% kso¾Yk fyd¢ka ksÍlaIKh lrkak'

• —iS iEu˜ ud;Dldjg wod< isoaêhla f¾Ld udOHfhka Ñ;%Kh lrkak'
• uQ,sl isoaOdka; Ndú; lr udOHhg WÑ; Ys,am l%uhlska j¾K .kajkak'
• .=re;=ud$.=re;=ñhf.ka wjYH Wmfoia ,nd .kak'
• ks¾udK mka;s ldurfha m%o¾Ykh lsÍu i|yd iqodkï lrkak'
26
ksmK
q ;dj ( mßirh wdYs%; f;aud hgf;a Ñ;% ixrpkh lrhs'

lsh
% dldrlu 1'1'5 ( .xj;=r
.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( • weuqKuq 1'1'5'1g wod< .fõIK$ld¾h Wmfoia m;sl

% dfõ
msgm;a
• .xj;=r yd iïnkaO Ñ;% kso¾Yk
• úúO udkj bßhõ oelafjk o< igyka
• úúO Ys,am l%u yd ffY,s oelafjk Ñ;% kso¾Yk
• Ñ;% w¢k lvodis" mekai,a" meiag,a" Èh idhï

mshjr 1'1'5'1 ( • .xj;=r ms<n
s | isiq w;aoelSï úuiñka ud;Dldjg
msúfikak'
• wod< Ñ;% kso¾Yk m%o¾Ykh lrñka ud;Dldfõ
iqúfYaI;d wjOdrKh lrkak'
• my; i|yka lreKq wjOdrKh lrñka idlÉPdjla
fufyhjkak'
• .xj;=r .e,Sï ksid mdßißl ;;aj fjkia jknj

• .xj;=r .e,Sfï wjia:d ;=<§ udkj yd i;aj
ls%hdldrlï úúO;ajfhka hq;=nj
• .xj;=r ksid we;sjk jHik fya;=fjka ñksik
q a yd
i;=ka úúO ÿIalr;dj,g uqyqK foknj'
^ñks;;
a = 20 hs&
mshjr 1'1'5'2 ( • weuqKu q wxl 1'1'5'1g wod< .fõIK$ld¾h Wmfoia m;sl % d

isiqkag ,nd fokak'
• .xj;=r ud;Dldj ms<n s | Ñ;% ks¾udKhla lsÍu i|yd isik
q a
fhduq lrkak'
• ksud lrk ,o is;; a ï mx;s ldurfha m%o¾Ykh i|yd
iqodkï lrjkak'
^ñks;a;= 80 hs&
27
mshjr 1'1'5'3 ( • isik
q f
a .a ks¾udK mx;s ldurfha m%o¾Ykh lsÍug wjia:d
,nd fokak'
• ish ks¾udK ms<sn| iajhx we.hSulg wjia:dj ,nd
fokak'
• ixj¾Okd;aul woyia yd fhdackd" bÈßm;a lsÍug isik
q g
wjia:dj ,nd fokak'
fhfokak'
• —.xj;=r˜ wjia:djla Ñ;%Kh lsÍfï§ ta yd ne¢

úúO ixisoë a ka ksrEmKh l< yelsnj'
• tjeks wjia:djla Ñ;%Kh lsÍfï§ úúO ffY,s yd
Ys,ma l%u Ndú; l< yelsnj'
• mßudKh" iunr;dj" ;su % dKnj yd m¾hdf,dal wd§
uQ,l
s isoOa dka; Ndú; l< yelsnj'
• f;audj w¾:j;aj ksrEmKh lsÍu i|yd udkj
ls%hdldrlï fuka u mdßißl iajNdj u;=lr,Su
i|yd j¾K Ndú;h jeo.;a jknj'
• m%ldYkd;aul nj j¾Okh lsÍu i|yd úúO ye`.ï
S
iys ; udkj .;s ,la I K ks r EmKh ls Í u
w;HjYHnj'
^ñks;;
a = 20 hs&

• .xj;=r yd ne¢ ixisoë
a m%ldY lrhs'
• jHik wjia:djka ys lghq;= lsÍu ms<sn| wdl,am ixj¾Okh lr .kS'
• wod< f;audj" m%ldYkd;aul f,i f¾Ld" j¾K" yev ;, u`.ska ixrpkh lrhs'
• úúO ffY,s yd Ys,am l%u ms<sn| ,enq w;aoelSï fjk;a ks¾udK i|yd Ndú; lrhs'
• wirK wjia:dj, § wkHhkag ms<sirK ,ndfohs'
weuqKu
q 1'1'5'1

• mx;s ldurfha m%o¾Ykh lrk kso¾Yk Ñ;%" udkj rEm o< igyka ksÍlaIKh lrñka
—.xj;=r˜ yd ne¢ ixisoëa ka idlÉPd lrkak'
• .xj;=r yd ne¢ isoê
a hla Ñ;%Kh lsÍfï§ mßudK" m¾hdjf,dal" ;su
% dK ,laIK"
iunr;djh hk uQ,sl isoaOdka; Ndú; lrkak'
• f;dard.;a j¾K udOHhg WÑ; Ys,am l%uhka Ndú; lrkak'
• Tnf.a .=re;=udf.ka$.=re;=ñhf.ka wjYH Wmfoia ,nd.kak'
• Ñ;% ks¾udK mx;shg bÈßm;a lsÍu i|yd iqodkï lrkak'
28
q ;dj 1'0
ksmK ( mßirh wdYs%; f;aud hgf;a Ñ;% ixrpkh lrhs'
ksmqK;d uÜgu 1'2 ( ks¾ñ; mßirh wdYs%; f;aud hgf;a Ñ;% ixrpkh lrhs'
lsh
% dldrlu 1'2'1 ( ksjdidka;r lS%vd ;r`.h

m;s%ldfõ msgm;aa
• lS%vd ;r. wjia:d ksrEmKh jk kso¾Yk Ñ;%
• úúO lsv% d bßhõ oelafjk udkj rEm iys; o< igyka
• Ñ;% w¢k lvodis" meiag,a Èh idhï

mshjr 1'2'1'1 ( • lS%vd wjia:d ms<sn| isiq w;aoelSï úuiñka mdvug
msúfikak'
• kso¾Yk Ñ;% weiqfrka úúO mdi,a lS%vd ms<sn| wjia:d
yd isoaê úuikak'
• my; i|yka lreKq u;= lrñka idlÉPdjla
fufyhjkak'
• lS%vd W;aijhl úúO wjia:d olakg ,efnk nj'

• tlS wjia : dj, udkj yeis Í ï yd bßhõ
úúO;ajfhka hq;n = j'
• lSv% d wjia:d lsh
% dYS,S yd iduQyl
s .;s ,laIKj,ska
hq;n = j'
^ñks;;
a = 15 hs&
mshjr 1'2'1'2 ( • weuqKqu wxl 1'2'1'1g wod< .fõIK$ld¾h Wmfoia

m;s%ldj isiqkag ,nd fokak'
• Ñ;% we£ug wjYH WmlrK isiqkag ,nd fokak'
• lS%vd W;aijh yd iïnkaO wjia:d iys; Ñ;% kso¾Yk
m%o¾Ykh lrkak'
• lsh
% dldÍ bßhõ iys; udkj rEm o< igyka m%o¾Ykh
lrkak'
• isiqkaf.a ks¾udK mx;s ldurfha m%o¾Ykh lsÍug
iqodkï lrjkak'
^ñks;;
a = 85 hs&
29
mshjr 1'2'1'3 ( • isiqkaf.a ks¾udK mx;s ldurfha m%o¾Ykh lsÍug
wjia:dj ,nd fokak'
• ish ks¾udK ms<sn|j iajhx we.hSulg wjia:dj ,nd
fokak'
• fiiq ks¾udK ms<sn|j ixj¾Okd;aul woyia bÈßm;a
lsÍug isiqkag wjia:dj ,nd fokak'
• my; i|yka lreKq u;= lrñka iudf,dapkhl
fhfokak'
• lS%vd W;aij wjia:djla Ñ;%Kh lsÍfï§ ta yd

iïnkaO úúO isoaë wdYS%; ls%hdldÍ udkj bßhõ
iys;j ksrEmKh lsÍu jeo.;a jknj'
• mßudKh" m¾hdjf,dalh" ;su % dKnj yd iunr;dj
wd§ isoO
a dka; Ndú;h fhda.Hnj'
• Ñ;%fha m%ldYkd;aul nj j¾Okh lsÍu i|yd úúO
pß; yd ne¢ .;s ,laIK ksrEmKh lsÍu w;HjYH
jknj'
• tlS wjia:d j¾K .ekaùfï§ meiag,a yd Èh idhï
udOHfha úúO Ys,am l%u Ndú; l< yelsnj'
^ñks;;
a = 20 hs&

• ksjdidka;r lS%vd W;aijhl oelsh yels lS%vd wjia:d kï lrhs'
• tjeks wjia:dj, oelsh yels yeisÍï rgdjkays iqúfYaI ,laIK meyeÈ,s lrhs'
• Ñ;% ixrpk isoaOdka; Ndú; lrñka meiag,a yd Èh idhï udOHfhka Ñ;% ks¾udKh
lrhs'
• fiiq ks¾udK w.hñka riú¢hs'
• kj w;aoelSï fjk;a ks¾udK i|yd Wmfhda.s lr .kshs'
weuqKu
q 1'2'1'1

• mx;s ldurfha m%o¾Ykh lrk úúO lS%vd wjia:d iys; Ñ;% ks¾udKhka fyd¢ka
ksÍlaIKh lrkak'
• fuys§ m%o¾Ykh lrk ,o úúO lsh % dldÍ udkj bßhõ iys; o< igykaj,ska wdo¾Y
imhd .ksñka Ñ;%hla ks¾udKh lrkak'
• m%ldYkd;aulj f.dv k.k ,o f¾Ld Ñ;%h meiag,a udOH Ndú; lrñka j¾K lrkak'
• Ñ;%h ks¾udKh lsÍfï§ WÑ; j¾K udOHh yd wod< uQ,l s isoO
a dka; Ndú; lrkak'
• .=re;=udf.ka $ .=re;=ñhf.ka wjYH Wmfoia ,nd .kak'
• Ñ;% ks¾udK mx;sh bÈßfha m%o¾Ykh lsÍug iqodkï lrkak'
30
ksmK
ksmqK;d uÜgu 1'2 ( ks¾ñ; mßirh wdYs%; f;aud hgf;a Ñ;% ixrpkh lrhs'
lsh
% dldrlu 1'2'2 ( ;eô,s fj<odu
.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( • weuqKuq 1'2'2'1g we;=<;a .fõIK$ld¾h Wmfoia m;sl % d

msgm;a
• ;eô,s fj<odu wdYs; % úúO udkj lsh % dldrlï yd Ys,ma
l%u oelafjk kso¾Yk Ñ;%
• úúO udkj bßhõ ms<sôUq jk Ñ;% o< igyka
• Ñ;% lvodis" meiag,a" mekai,a" mskai,a" Èh idhï

mshjr 1'2'2'1 ( • ;eô,s fj<odfï ixisoaê wdYs%; w;aoelSï úuiñka
mdvug msúfikak'
• wod< kso¾Yk Ñ;% m%o¾Ykh lrñka ;eô,s fj<odï
fmd<l oelsh yels ls%hdldrlï wjOdrKh lrkak'
• my; i|yka lreKq u;= l rñka idlÉPdjla
fufyhjkak'
• ;eô,s fj<odï fmd<l isoê

a yd lsh
% dldÍ iajNdjhka
úúO;ajfhka hq;=nj'
• ;eô,s úlsKSfï" ñ<§ .ekSfï yd mßfNdackfha
fh§ isák udkj bßhõj, iajrEm yd .;s ,laIK
úúOdldr jknj'
• ;eô,s fj<odfï§ úúO mqoa., pß; yd mdßißl
,laIK olakg ,efnknj'
^ñks;;
a = 15 hs&
mshjr 1'2'2'2 ( • weuqKqu wxl 1'2'2'1g wod< .fõIK$ld¾h Wmfoia

m;s%ld isiqkg ,nd fokak'
• wod< ls%hdldrlfuys isiqka ksr; lrjkak'
• isikq f
a .a Ñ;% ks¾udK mx;s ldurfha m%o¾Ykh lsÍug
iqodkï lrkak'
^ñks;;
a = 85 hs&
31
mshjr 1'2'2'3 ( • isiq ks¾udK mx;s ldurfha m%o¾Ykh lrkak'
• ks¾udK ms<ns |j iajhx we.hSulg wjia:dj ,nd fokak'
• ixj¾Okd;aul fhdackd bÈßm;a lsÍu i|yd isiqkag
wjia:d i,ikak'
fhfokak'
• ;eô,s fj<odu wdYs;

% ixisoê
a hla Ñ;%Kh lsÍfï§
úúO udkj bßhõ Ndú; l< yelsnj'
• mdßißl wkkH;d yd udkj iajNdjhka ;Sj% lr
.ekSfï§ j¾K ixfhdackh w;HjYH fufyjrl
fhfoknj'
• Ñ;%fha .=Kd;aul nj i|yd uQ,sl Ñ;% isoaOdka;
Ndú; l< hq;n= j'
^ñks;;
a = 20 hs&

• ;eô,s fj<odï fmd<l isoaê yd wjia:d úia;r lrhs'
• udkj bßhõ" lsh

% dldrlï" yd pß; ,laIK ud;Dldjg wod<j ixrpkh lrhs'
• úúO ffY,S" Wml%u" Ys,m

a l%u" Ñ;% ixrpkh i|yd Ndú; lrhs'
• iunr;djlska yd ixhuhlska hq;=j lghq;= lrhs'
• Ñ;% ixrpkfha§ kj j¾K .e,mSï Ndú; lrhs'
weuqKu
q 1'2'2'1

• mx;s ldurfha m%o¾Ykh lrkq ,nk ;eô,s fj<odï fmd<l wjia:d iys; kso¾Yk
Ñ;% fyd¢ka ksÍlaIKh lrkak'
• úúO udkj ls%hdldrlï yd bßhõ wdYs%; fjkialï o< igyka weiqßka wdo¾Ykhg
.ksñka f;audjg wod<j Ñ;%hla ks¾udKh lrkak'
• ks¾udKh j¾K .ekaùfï§ úúO Ys,am l%u yd ffY,Ska Wmfhda.S lr .kak'
• uQ,sl isoaOdka; wkq.ukh lr WÑ; j¾K Ndú; lrkak'
• rEm yd j¾K .ekaùfï § wjYH Wmfoia yd u`. fmkaùï ,nd .kak'
• ksud lrk ,o Ñ;% ks¾udKh mx;shg bÈßm;a lsÍug iqÿiq mßÈ iQodkï lrkak'
32
ksmK
q ;dj 2'0 ( mrsirfha mj;akd øjH iïmsKv
a kd;aulj Ñ;%Kh lrhs'
ksmqK;d uÜgu 2'1 ( úúO jia;j = , wdfõKsl ,laIK wOHhkh lr o< igyka
w|sh's
lsh
% dldrlu 2'1'1 ( m;% lsym
s hla iys; fl%dg
a ka w;a;la w¢uq'

m;s%ldfõ msgm;a wjYH muK
• fl%dagka w;a;la
• øjH ;eîu i|yd wdOdrlhla
• Ñ;% w|sk lvodis
• 2B, 4B, 6B j¾.fha mekai,a fyda úl,am udOH

mshjr 2'1'1'1 ( • m;% lsym
s hla iys; fl%dg
a ka w;a; isik
q g
a m%o¾Ykh jk
whqßka ;nkak'
• fl%dagka w;a; isriaj ;eîu i|yd fnda;,hla jeks
Ndckhla Ndú; lrkak' ^ksÍlaIKh lsÍfï § yd
we£fï§ fl%dga ka w;a; ms<ns | muKla wjOdkh fhduq
lrkak'&
fufyhjkak'
• fl%dagka w;af;ys m;% oKav uOHfha isg msg;g

úys§ hknj'
• Ydlm;%j, wdfõKsl úúO yev we;snj'
• fndfyda Ydl m;% j , ms y s à fï úúO ia j Ndj
mj;akdnj'
• f¾Ld Ndú;fhka fujeks w;= ßls,, a la we| oelaúh
yelsnj'
^ñks;;
a = 10&
33
m;s%ldfõ msgm;a isiqkag ,nd fokak'
• lvodis" mekai,a fyda úl,am udOH isik
q g
a ,nd fokak'
• fl%dagka w;a; isiqkag ksÍlaIKh lsÍug myiqjk
whqßka mx;sh bÈßfha ;nkak'
• isiqka ls%hdldrlfuys fhdojkak'
• .fõIK$Wmfoia ld¾h m;s%ldj wkqj ls%hd lsÍfï§
isiqkag we;sjk .eg¨j,§ .=re iyNd.s;ajh ,nd
fokak'
• isiq ks¾udK bÈßm;a lsÍug iQodkï lrjkak'
mshjr 2'1'1'3 ( • isiq ks¾udK mx;shg bÈßm;a lrjkak'

• iajhx we.hSulg wjia:d ,nd fokak'
• ixj¾Okd;aul we.hSï wjia:djlg wfkl=;a isiqka
fhduq lrjkak'
fhfokak'
• úúOdldrj úys§ we;s Ydl m;% tl;=fjka f.dv

ke.S we;s iuia; yevh flfrys wjOdkh fhduq
l< hq;n= j'
• úúO f¾Ld l%u Ndú;fhka Ydl m;%j, ;s%udK
,laIK" t<sh w÷r oelaúh yelsnj'
• f¾Ldfõ Yla;Ska wvq jeä f,i fhdod .ksñka
Ydl m;% bÈßhg yd miq mig úys§ we;s whqre we|
±laúh yelsnj'
• miqìu j¾K lsÍfï § øjHh jvd;a fyd¢ka u;=
lsÍu i|yd WÑ; j¾K Ndú; l< yelsnj'
^ñks;;
a = 15 hs&
;lafiare yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl
• Ydl m;%j,g wdfõKsl úúO yev we;s nj m%ldY lrhs'

• m;%j, úúO j¾K tl;=fjka pu;aldrh jeä ù we;s nj ms<s.kshs'
• uQ,sl isoaOdka; Ndú; lrñka fl%dagka w;a; we| olajhs'
• ksÍlaIKfhka wjfndaO lr .kS'
• wjldYh ksj/Èj Ndú; lrhs'
34
weuqKu
q 2'1'1'1
• Tn bÈßfha ;nd we;s w;= ßls,a, fyd¢ka ksÍlaIKh lrkak'

• fl%dagka w;a; isriaj msysgñka m;% úys§ we;s wdldrh ksÍlaIKh lrkak'
• m;% tlsfklg wdjrKh fjñka we;eï m;%j, fldgia jeiS hk whqre ksÍlaIKh
lrkak'
• bÈßfhka we;s m;%j,g jvd miq miska we;s m;%j, j¾Kh yd meyeh w÷re iajNdjhla
.kakd nj ksÍlaIKh lrkak'
• m;%j, úúO j¾K ixl,k we;snj ksÍlaIKh lrkak'
• ;,hg .e<fmk fia w;= ßls,af,ys o< igyk we| úia;r m%ldYkhg fhduqjkak'
• f¾Ldfõ úúO Yla;S yd m%fNao Ndú; lrñka Ydl m;%j, t<sh" w÷r" ;su % dK ,laIK
u;= lrkak'
• Ydl m;% Woa§mkh jk whqßka miqìfuys t<sh w÷r fhdokak'
• wjYH;dj wkqj .=re;=ud$;=ñhf.a Wmfoia yd u`. fmkaùï ,nd .kak'
• ks¾udK mka;s ldurfha m%o¾Ykh i|yd iQodkï lrkak'
35
ksmK
q ;dj 2'0 ( mrsirfha mj;akd øjHh iïmsKv
ksmqK;d uÜgu 2'1 ( úúO jia;=j, wdfõKsl ,laIK wOHhkh lr o<

igyka w¢hs'
lsh
% dldrlu 2'1'2 ( u,a iys; wr,sh w;a;la w¢uq'

m;s%ldfõ msgm;aa wjYH muK'
• u,a iys; wr,sh w;a;la ^m;% 7 fyda 8 muK&
• Ñ;% w¢k lvodis
• 2B, 4B, 6B j¾.fha mekai,a fyda úl,am udOH

mshjr 2'1'2'1 ( • imhd .;a u,a iys; wr,sh w;a; isiqkag m%o¾Ykh
lrkak'
• wr,sh w;a; ;eîu i|yd fnda;,hla jeks Ndckhla
Ndú; lrkak' ^ksÍlaIKh lsÍfï § yd we£fï §
wr,sh w;a; flfrys muKla wjOdkh fhduq lrkak'&
fufyhjkak'
• oKafâ isg msg;g m;% iDcqj úys§ we;snj'

• m;%fha kdráfha isg f¾Ld rgdjl wdldrfhka iDcq
f,i msygs d we;snj'
• u,a fm;s lsishï rgdjlg wkqj msysgd we;snj'
• Ydl m;% tl u j¾Khl wvq jeä wjia:djla f,iska
oelsh yelsnj'
• f¾Ld" Ndú;fhka wr,sh w;a;la we| oelaúh
yelsnj'
^ñks;;
a = 10&
• w¢k lvodis" mekai,a fyda úl,am udOH ,nd fokak'
36
• u,a iys; wr,sh w;a; isiqkag ksÍlaIKh lsÍug
myiqjk whqßka n÷kl nyd isriaj isák fia mx;sh
bÈßfha wdOdrlhla u; ;nkak'

• ixj¾Okd;aul woyia iys; we.hSï wjia:djlg
wfkl=;a isiqka fhduq lrjkak'
^ñks;;
a = 50 hs&

fhfokak'
• wr,sh w;a; we£fï § m<uqj thg iqúfYaIS jQ .;s

,laIK ksÍlaIKd;aulj wOHhkh l< hq;=nj'
Wod ( lf|ys iajNdjh" m;% tl u yevhla
.kakdnj' m;%j, kdrá rgdjlg msysgd
we;snj'
• f¾Ldfjka wr,sh w;a; iy u,a we| tys .;s ,laIK
fmkaúh yelsnj'
• f¾Ldfõ úúO Yla;S yd m%fNao Ndú;hg .ksñkaa
bÈßfha iy miq mi we;s m;% we| ±laúh yelsnj'
• ks¾udKhla bÈßm;a lsÍfï § fyd| ksudjlska hql;
a
úh hq;n
= j'
^ñks;;
a = 20 hs&
• oKafâ isg msg;g m;% iDcqj úys§ we;s nj m%ldY lrhs'

• wr,sh m;% tl u yevhlska hqla; nj ms<s.kS'
• f¾Ldj úúO whqßka Ndú; lr w;= ßls,, a we| olajhs'
• ksÍlaIKfhka wjfndaO lr .kS'
• mßudK ms<ns | wjfndaOfhka lghq;= lrhs'
37
weuqKu
q 2'1'2'1
• Tn bÈßfha ;nd we;s u,a iys; wr,sh w;a; fyd¢ka ksÍlaIKh lrkak'
• tu w;af;ys m;%j, yevh iy m;% úys§ we;s wdldrh ksÍlaIKh lrkak'
• tl u j¾Kfha m%fNaofhka m;% j¾Kj;a ù we;s whqre ksÍlaIKh lrkak'
• u,a fmdl=f¾ u,a msysgd we;s wdldrh wOHhkh lrkak'
• ;,hg .e<fmk whqßka o< igyk we| úia;r m%ldYkhg fhduqjkak'
• f¾Ldfõ úúO Yla;s yd m%fNao Ndú;hg .ksñka wr,sh w;af;ys .;s ,laIK yd
;s%udK ,laIK u;=lr olajkak'
• u,a iys; wr,sh w;a; jvd;a Woa§mkh jk whqßka iqÿiq miqìula fhdokak'
• ks¾udK mka;ls durfha m%o¾Ykh i|yd iQodkï lrkak'
38
ksmK
ksmqK;d uÜgu 2'2 ( úúO øjH iïmsKavk j¾K udOH Ndú;fhka Ñ;%Kh
lrhs'
lsh
% dldrlu 2'2'1 ( f.da,dldr jia;=jla yd >kldNhla w¢uq'

• wrh w`.,a 4 la muK jQ fnda,hla
• w`.,a 6 x 5 x 4 m%udKfha ldâfndaâ fmÜáhla
• NdKav ;eîu i|yd wdOdrlhla
• w¢k lvodis$mekai,a$meiag,a$Èh idhï

mshjr 2'2'1'1 ( • imhd .;a fnda,h yd ldâfndaâ fmÜáh isiqkag
m%o¾Ykh jk whqßka ;nkak'
• tu jia;=j, uQ,sl yev ms<sn|j isiqkaf.ka woyia
úuikak'
fufyhjkak'
• f.da,h iy >kldNh tlsfklg fjkia jQ

yevhkaf.ka yd mßudKhkaf.ka hqla; jknj'
• f.da,h yd >kldNh u; m;s; jk wdf,dalfhka
f.dv kef`.k t<sh iy w÷r u`.ska tu jia;=j,
;s%udK nj oDYHudk jknj'
• j¾Kh wvq jeä ùu ksid ;s%udK ,laIK ;Sõr
jknj'
• m¾hdf,dalh" weia uÜgu jeks uQ,sl isoaOdka;
Ndú; lrñka f.da,h yd >kldNh we¢h yelsnj'
^ñks;;
a = 10 hs&
39
• we£fï lvodis" mskai,a" mekai,a" Èh idhï" meiag,a
isiqkag fnod fokak'
• fhdað; jia;+ isikq g
a ksÍlaIKh lsÍug myiqjk whqßka
mx;sh bÈßfha wdOdrlh u; ;nkak'

fhduq lrjkak'
^ñks;;
a = 50 hs&

fhfokak'
• hï jia;j = la we£fï § m<uqj th ksÍlaIKd;aulj

wOHhkh l< hq;=nj'
• idfmalaI mßudj jia;+j, .;s ,laIK ksrEmKh
lsÍug bjy,a jknj'
• w÷r iy wdf,dalh ,eîfï § >kldNfha úúO ;,
y÷kd .; yelsnj'
• f.da,hg ,eî we;s wdf,dalh iy w÷r ksid tys
f.da,dldr nj jvd;a fyd¢ka oelsh yelsnj'
• >kldNh ks¾udKh lsÍfï § m¾hdf,dal
isoO
a dka; Ndú;d l< yelsnj'
• u;=mgs iajNdjh oelaùfï § j¾K udOH úúOdldrj
fhdod .; yels nj'
^ñks;;
a = 20&
40
• jia;+ u; m;s; ù we;s wf,dalh wkqj tys ;s%udK nj jvd;a fyd¢ka biau;= ú
fmfkk nj úia;r lrhs'
• >kldNfha iy f.da,fha yev tlsfklg fjkia nj ms<s.kshs'
• øjH wdOdrlfha ;nd we;s wdldrh ukdj iïmsKavkh lrhs'
• úúO jia;= foi ksÍlaIKkd;aulj n,hs'
• wfkl=;a ks¾udK w.hhs$ri ú¢hs'
weuqKu
q 2'2'1'1
• Tn bÈßfha ;nd we;s jia;+ fyd¢ka ksÍlaIKh lrkak'

• f.da,fha iy >kldNfha mrsudK ixikaokd;aulj ksrSlaIKh lrkak'
• weia uÜgu wkqj >Klfha úúO me;s m%udKfhka wvq jeä jYfhka fmfkknj
wOHhkh lrkak'
• wdf,dalh jeàfï § jia;+j, ;s%udK nj jvd;a Woa§mkh jk nj ksÍlaIKh
lrkak'
• mßudKh " m¾hdf,dalh " ;s%udK ,laIK yd t<sh w÷r olajñka wod< jiaa;=
Ñ;%Kh lrkak'
• jia;= iïmsKv
a kh lr ±laùfï§ ;,h WÑ; whqßka Ndú; lrkak'
• Tn Ndú; lrk udOHhg wkqj Ys,am l%u fhdod .ksñka Ñ;%h j¾K
.kajkak'
• wjYH;dj wkqj .=re;=ud$;=ñhf.a Wmfoia ,nd .kak'
• Tnf.a ks¾udKh mka;s ldurfha m%o¾Ykh i|yd iQodkï lrkak'
41
ksmqK;dj 02 ( mrsirfha mj;akd øjHh iïmsKv
lrhs'
lsh
% dldrlu 2'2'2 ( ueá l<hla" fl%dg
a ka w;a;la w¢uq'

• ueá l<hla
• fl%dagka w;a;la
• NdKav ;eîu i|yd wdOdrlhla
• Ñ;% w¢k lvodis$mekai,a$Èh idhï$meiag,a

mshjr 2'2'2'1 ( • imhd .;a fl%dg
a ka w;a; yd ueá l<h isik
q g
a m%o¾Ykh
jk whqßka ;nkak'
fufyhjkak'
• fl%dg
a ka w;af;ys m;% úys§ we;s wdldrh iuia;hla
jYfhka .%yKh lr.; hq;n = j'
• ueá l<fha yevh jgl=re núka hql; a nj'
• Ydl m;% jvd;a j¾Kj;aj ksrEmKh jknj'
• f¾Ld Ndú;fhka fl%dagka w;a; yd l<h uekúka
we| oelaúh yelsnj'
^ñks;;
a = 10 hs&

• we£fï lvodis yd Èh idhï$meiag,a$mskai,a isiqkag
,nd fokak'
• fl%dga ka w;a; ueá l<h ;=<g nyd isik
q g
a ksÍlaIKh
lsÍug myiqjk whqßka mx;sh bÈßfha wdOdrlhla u;
;nkak'
• .fõIK$ld¾h Wmfoia m;s % l dj wkq j is i q k a
ls%hdldrlfuys fhdojkak'
• isiq ks¾udK mx;shg bÈßm;a lsÍug iQodkï lrjkak'
42
• ks¾udKj, .=Kd;aul ,laIK yd ÿ¾j,;d ms<sn|
ixj¾Okd;aul fhdackdj,g wjia:dj ,nd fokak'
^ñks;;
a = 50 hs&

fhfokak'
• fl%dagka w;a; iy ueá l<h we£fï § tys .;s

iajNdj fyd¢ka ksÍlaIKh l< hq;=nj'
• ueá l<fha uQ,sl yevh f.da,dldr cHdñ;sl
yevhlska ks¾udKh ù we;snj'
• Ydl m;%fha we;s úúO j¾K wvq jeä jYfhka
fhdod .ekSfuka tys miqmig yd bÈßmig ^.eUqßka&
úys§ we;s whqre uekúka ±lsh yelsnj'
• wdf,dalh jeà we;s iajNdjh ukdj f;areï .ksñka
ueá l<fha w÷r iy wdf,dalh ;Sõr lsÍfuka tys
;s%udK nj fmkaúh yelsnj
^ñks;;
a = 20 hs&

• fl%dagka w;a;fys fld< úys§fuka f.dv kef.k iuia; yevh ms<sn| úia;r lrhs'
• Ñ;%h mßudK ,laIKj,g wkqj we¢h hq;= nj ms<. s kS'
• ;s%udK nj yd .;s ,laIK u;= jk whqßka" j¾K lrhs'
• w÷r yd wdf,dalh ±laùu f;areï f.k Ndú;hg .ksh's
• ixhufhka ld¾hfhys ksr; fjhs'
weuqKu
q 2'2'2'1

• Tn bÈßfha ;nd we;s fl%dagka w;a; iy l<h fyd¢ka ksÍlaIKh lrkak'
• fl%dg
a ka w;af;a m;% úys§ we;s wdldrh yd Ydl m;% tlsfklg wdjrKh ù we;s whqre
ksÍlaIKh lrkak'
• ueá l<fhys .;s ,laIK ms<sn|j Tnf.a wjOdkh fhduq lrkak'
• m¾hdf,dalh" ;s%udK ,laIK" t<sh w÷r u;=jk fia Ñ;%h j¾K lrkak'
• wdf,dalfha wvq jeä ;;a;j a ±laùu i|yd j¾K m%fNao Ndú; lrkak'
• øjH iuQyh jvd;a Woa§mkh jk whqßka miqìu j¾Kj;a lrkak'
• mka;s ldurfha m%o¾Ykh i|yd iQodkï lrkak'
43
ksmK
lrhs'
lsh
% dldrlu 2'2'3 ( fnda;,hla" is,k
s v
a rdldr n÷kla we| j¾K lruq'

• is,skavrdldr n÷kla ^mshk jeiQ ysia áka tlla&
• tu n÷fka m%udKhg jvd Wiska hq;a fnda;,hla
• wÈk lvodis$mekai,a$meiag,a$Èh idhï

mshjr 2'2'3'1 ( • is,skavrdldr n÷k yd fnda;,h isiqkag ksÍlaIKh
lsÍug i,iajkak'
• tu jia;+j, úúO;d ms<sn| isiqkaf.a woyia úuikak'

fufyhjkak'
• bÈßfha we;s øjHhj, nfoys mDIaGh jl%dldr

jknj'
• is,skavrh mDIaG ;=klska hqla; jknj'
• f¾Ldfjka yd j¾Kfhka fuu øjHh we| oelaúh
yelsnj'
^ñks;;a = 10 hs&
mshjr 2'2'3'2 ( • weuqKu q 2'2'3'1 g we;=<;a .fõIK$ld¾h Wmfoia
• w¢k lvodis" mekai,a" meiag,a" Èh idhï fnod fokak'
• is,ks va rdldr n÷k wdOdrlhla u; ;nkak'
• is,k
s va rdldr n÷kg miq miska fnda;,h u|la wdjrKh
jk fia ;nkak'
• fnda;,fha wvla msfrk fia j¾Kj;a jQ c,h mqrjkak'
44
• ilia l< øjH iuQyh isiqkf.a weia uÜgñka my;
isák fia ;nkak'
• .fõIK$ld¾h Wmfoia m;s % l dj wkq j is i q k a
ls%hdldrlfuys fhdojkak'
• iuia; ks¾udK mx;shg bÈßm;a lsÍug iQodkï
lrjkak'
mshjr 2'2'3'3 ( • isiq ks¾udK mka;shg bÈßm;a lrjkak'

• iajhx we.hSulg wjia:dj ,nd fokak'
• ixj¾Okd;aul woyia iys; we.hSï wjia:d i|yd
^ñks;;
a = 50 hs&

fhfokak'
• jia;+ we£ug fmr tajd fyd¢ka ksÍlaIKh l<

hq;=nj'
• weia uÜgñka my; isák fia øjH iïmsKavkh
;enQ úg øjHj, Wv fldgi hï m%udKhlg
oDYHudk jknj'
• øjHh ixikaokd;aulj wOHhkh lsÍfï §
idfmalI a mßudj ms<n
s | wjfndaOhla ,eìh yelsnj'
• fnda;,fha úksú| fmfkk nj yd is,skavrfha
>k nj oelsh yelsnj'
^ñks;;
a = 20 hs&
;lafiare iy we.ehSï ks¾Kdhl
• uQ,sl yev wjfndaO lr .ekSfuka jia;+ we|Su myiq nj ks.ukh lrhs'

• is,skavrdldr n÷kg jvd fnda;,fha u;=msg iajNdjh fjkia nj ms<s.kshs'
• øjHj, yev l,d;aul f,i iïmsKavkh lr j¾Kfhka ksu lrhs'
• mßudj ms<ns | wjfndaOhlska hq;j
= yev;, we| olajhs'
• ks¾udKlrKfha § ukd ixhuhlska hq;=j lghq;= lrhs'
45
weuqKu
q 2'2'3'1
• Tn bÈßfha ;nd we;s jia;+ fyd¢ka ksÍlaIKh lrkak'

• is,skavrdldr n÷k" fnda;,h" jD;a;dldr yevj,ska iukaú; jknj ksÍlaIKh
lrkak'
• is,skavrdldr n÷fka >knj yd fnda;,fha úksú| fmfkk .;s ,laIK wOHhkh
lrkak'
• wdf,dalh ,eîfï § t<sh yd w÷r ia:dk.; ù we;s whqre fyd¢ka wjfndaO lr .kak'
• wod< øjHh weia uÜgñka my<g we£fï § mj;akd fjkialï wOHhkh lrkak'
• we£fï§ mßudj yd mßudKh ms<n s | wjOdkh fhduq lrkak'
• j¾K Ndú;h u`.k s a øjHj, mj;akd .;s iajNdjh yd ;su
% dK ,laIK ukdj fmkaùug
ie,ls,su;a jkak'
• øjH iuQyh jvd;a Woa§mkh jk whqßka miqìu j¾K lrkak'
• mka;s ldurfha m%o¾Ykh i|yd iQodkï lrkak'
'
46
ksmk
q ;dj 3'0 ( mdrsydrsl wjYH;d i|yd fhda.H ie,iqï yd ieris,s
ks¾udK lrhs'
ksmqK;d uÜgu 3'1 ( iajNdúl øjHhkaf.a yev;, Wmfhda.S lr .ksñka

ie,iqï ydieris,s ks¾udKh lrhs'
l%h
s dldrlu 3'1'1 ( úy`. rE rgd
.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( • weuqKu q 3'1'1'1g we;=<;a .fõIK$ld¾h Wmfoia

m;%l
s d
• >k lvodisfhka fyda fndaâj,ska ilia lr .;a
l=re,a,kaf.a úúO bßhõ oelafjk ir, yev lSmhla
• úúO yevfhka yd bßhõj,ska hq;a l=re,a,ka
oelafjk mska;+r
• Ñ;% w¢k lvodis" äuhs lvodis" msgm;a lsÍfï
lvodis" ì%iag,a fndaâ
• Èh idhï" fmdaig a ¾ idhï" meiag,a
bf.kqï - b.ekaùï l%h

s dj,sh (
mshjr 3'1'1'1 ( • l=re`M yev isiq wjOdkhg fhduq jk fia m%o¾Ykh
lrkak'
• l=re`M yev flfrys isiq wjOdkh fhduq lrñka
isiqka oel we;s l=re,a,ka f.a úúO yev ms<sn|
úuikak'
• my; lreKq u;= lrñka idlÉPdjl fhfokak'
• úúO yevfhka yd j¾Kfhka hq;a l=re,a,ka

isáknj'
• Tjqkf
a .a úúO bßhõ oelsh yelsnj'
• fndfyda l=re,a,ka iu`.sj rxpq jYfhka Ôj;a
jknj'
• l=re,af,l=f.a fyda lsysm fofkl=f.a yev ir,j
Ñ;%Kh l< yelsnj'
• ir, yevhla rgdjlg jHdma; lr rxpqjl
iajNdjh fmkaúh yelsnj'
^ñks;;
a = 10 hs&
47
mshjr 3'1'1'2 ( • mka;h s lKavdï y;rlg fnokak'
• .fõIK$ld¾h Wmfoia m;%l s d lKavdhïj,g fnod
fokak '
• iïm;a øjH lKavdhïj,g fnokak'
• isiqka l%shdldrlfuys fhdojkak
• isiqka bÈßm;a lsÍulg iQodkï lrjkak'
^ñks;;
a = 100 hs&
mshjr 3'1'1'3 ( • lKavdhï ks¾udK iuia; mka;hs g bÈßm;a

lrjkak'
• ks¾udK we.hSug wfkl=;a lKavdhïj,g wjia:dj
fokak'
• my; lreKq u;= lrñka iudf,dapkhl fhfokak'
• ir, yev ks¾udKhg fmr iajNdúl yev

fyd¢ka ksÍlaIKh l< hq;=nj'
• iajNdúl yev fyd¢ka wOHhkh lsÍfuka jvd;a
id¾:l ir, yev ks¾udKh l< yelsnj'
• msgm;a lsÍfï § ksjerÈ l%ufõo Ndú; l< hq;=
nj'
• ieris,s tallhla úêu;a l%uhlg jHdma;
lsÍfuka rgdjla ks¾udKh l< yelsnj
• ir, yevhla ks¾udKfha § WmlrK Ndú;
lsÍfuka jvd;a id¾:l ks¾udKhla l< yelsnj'
• ks¾udKh ukd ksudjlska hqla; úh hq;=nj'
^ñks;;
a = 10 hs&
• mlaIk
S a f.a bßhõ ms<n
s | úia;r lrhs'
• iajNdúl yevhla ir, yevhla njg m;a l< yels nj ms<. s kS'
• mlaISkaf.a ir, yev Ndú; fldg rgdjla ks¾udKh lrhs'
• lKavdhula jYfhka iqyoj lghq;= lrhs'
• ukd ixhufhka hq;=j ld¾hhl ksr; fjhs'
48
weuqKu
q 3'1'1'1
.fõIK $ ld¾h Wmfoia m;%sldj
úy`. rE rgd
• Tng o¾Ykh jk úúO wdldrfha l=re`M yev wjOdkhg .kak'

• l=re,a,kaf.a úúO bßhõ yd j¾K ms<sn| wOHhkh lrkak'
• l=re,a,kaf.a iajNdúl yev wdo¾Yhg f.k ir, yev ks¾udKh lrkak' ta i|yd
äuhs lvodis Ndú; lrkak'
• ir, yev ;, ks¾udKfha § fuka u jHdma; lsÍfï § cHdñ;sl WmlrK Ndú;
lrkak'
• lKavdhfï ish¨ fokd úiska yev f;dard .kak' fuys § .=re;=ud$;=óf.a Wmfoia
,nd .kak'
• f;dard .;a yev msgm;a lr .kak'
• msgm;a lr .;a yev;, Ndú; lr rgdjla ks¾udKh lrkak'
• yev ;, yd j¾K Ndú;fha § iunr;djh ms<n s | ie,ls,us ;a jkak'
• Tfí ks¾udK bÈßm;a lsÍug iQodkï lrkak'
49
ksmK
ks¾udKh lrhs'
ksmqK;d uÜgu 3'1 ( iajNdúl øjHhkaf.a yev;, Wmfhda.S lr .ksñka

ie,iqï yd ieris,s ks¾udKh lrhs'
l%h
s dldrlu 3'1'2 ( ;=re,sh yevfhka fodr fros iriuq'

m;%l
s d
• mßirfha olakg we;s úúO yevfha .iaje,a
oelafjk msk; a +r" Ñ;%
• Ñ;% w¢k lvodis " äuhs lvodis" msgm;a lrk
lvodis
• Èh idhï" meiag,a

s dj,sh (
mshjr 3'2'2'1 ( • mßirfha we;s úúO yev we;s .iaje,a ksÍlaIKhg
isiqka fhduq lrkak'
• .iaje,a j, ir, yev isiqkag m%o¾Ykh lrkak'
• tajdfha úúO iajNdjhka ms<sn|j isiqkaf.ka
úuikak'
• my; lreKq idlÉPdjg .kak'
• mßirfha úúOdldr yevfhka yd j¾Kfhka hq;a

.iaje,a ;sfnknj'
• mßirfha iqkoa r;ajh i|yd .iaje,a
m%uL
q ia:dkhla .kakdnj'
• úYd, fyda l=vd .iaje,aj, ir, yev
Ndú;fhka fodr frÈ i|yd WÑ; ieris,s
ks¾udKh l< yelsnj'
^ñks;;
a = 10 hs&
50
mshjr 3'1'2'2 ( • weuqKu q 3'1'2'1g we;=<;a .fõIK$ld¾h Wmfoia
m;%sld j isiqkag m%o¾Ykh lrkak'
• øjH yd WmlrK isiqkag fnod fokak'
• isiqka l%shdldrlfuys fhdojkak
• ks¾udK bÈßm;a lsÍulg iQodkï lrjkak'
^ñks;a;= 130 hs&
mshjr 3'1'2'3 ( • isiqkaf.a ks¾udK mka;shg bÈßm;a lsÍug wjia:dj

fokak'
• we.hSulg yd ixj¾Okd;aul fhdackd bÈßm;a
lsÍug wfkl=;a isiqkag wjia:dj fokak'
• iajNdúl mßirh fuka u ta wdY%s; PdhdrEm"

ksÍlaIKh lsÍfuka yev;, ms<sn|j ukd
wjfndaOhla ,eìh yelsnj'
• ksÍlaIKfhka wk;=rej jvd;a id¾:lj ir,
yev ks¾udKh l< yelsnj'
• ñkqï l%u Ndú;fhka ieris,s tall jvd;a
ksjerÈj jHdma; lr .; yelsnj'
• fujeks ieris,s Ndú;fhka fodr frÈ ieriSu
fukau fjk;a ksÍlaIK o l< yelsnj'
• iqÿiq wjia:dj,§ cHdñ;sl WmlrK Ndú;
lsÍu jvd;a WÑ;nj'
• ks¾udKhl id¾:l;ajh i|yd ukd ksudjlska
hql;
a úh hq;n= j'
^ñks;a;= 20 hs&
• w,xldr yev .;a úúO .iaje,a kï lrhs'

• .iaje,aj, yev Ndú; fldg ks¾udKhla lsÍug leue;a; m%ldY lrhs'
• o< igyka we| f;dard .;a yevhla Ndú;d lrñka fodr frÈ ieris,a,la ks¾udKh
lrhs'
• mßirfha iqkoa r;ajh w.hhs'
• wkqms<sfj,ska ld¾hhl ksr; fjhs'
51
weuqKu
q 3'1'2'1
.fõIK$ld¾h Wmfoia m;%l

s dj
;=re,sh yevfhka fodr frÈ iriuq'
• m%o¾Ykh lr we;s .iaje,a yev oelafjk Ñ;%$ msk;

a +r fyd¢ka ksÍlaIKh lrkak'
• mßirh ksÍlaIKfhka yd Ñ;%$ mska;+r ksÍlaIKfhka ,nd .;a wjfndaOh Wmfhda.S
lr f.k .iaje,aj, ir, yev äuhs lvodisj, w¢kak'
• yev;, ks¾udKfha § yd jHdma; lsÍfï § wjYH kï cHdñ;sl WmlrK Ndú;
lrkak'
• jvd;a ks¾udKd;aul yevhla f;dard f.k msgm;a lr Ñ;% w¢k lvodisfhys
jHdma; lr fodr frÈ fudaia;rhla ks¾udKh lrkak'
• j¾K y;rla Ndú; lr j¾K .kajkak'
• ksu l< lD;sh bÈßm;a lsÍug iQodkï jkak'
52
ksmK
ks¾udK lrhs'
ksmqK;d uÜgu 3'1 ( iajNdúl øjHhkaf.a yev ;, Wmfhda.S lr .ksñka

ie,iqï yd ieris,s ks¾udKh lrhs'
l%h
s dldrlu 3'1'3 ( w,amkdjla ks¾udKh lruq'

m;%ls d
• úúO udOHfhka ks¾udKh lrk ,o w,amkd
oelafjk mska;+r
• w,amkdj Ndú; jk wjia:d oelafjk mska;+r
• úúO Ydluh øjH ^ OdkH j¾." l=vq j¾." u,a yd
fld< j¾.&
• we,jqï øjH Wod( mdmam
• äuhs lvodis
• ì%ia,a fndaâ" ldâ fndaâ fyda fndlaia fndaâ

s dj,sh (
mshjr 3'1'3'1 ( • w,amkd oelafjk mska;+r mka;shg m%o¾Ykh lrkak'
• tu mska;+rj, oelafjk ks¾udK ms<sn|j isiqkaf.ka
úuikak'
• fuu ks¾udK Ndú; jk wjia:d Tjqkaf.ka
úuikak'
• my; lreKq wjOdrKh lrñka idlÉPdjl
fhfokak'
• úúO W;aij wjia:dj, o,ajk fmd,af;,a

myk ;nk ia:dkfha ìu ieriSu i|yd fuu
w,amkd ks¾udKh Ndú; lrknj'
• fï i|yd úúO udOH Ndú; lrknj'
• fjk;a ixialD;Skays W;aij wjia:dj, ìu
ieriSu i|yd fujeks ieris,s lrknj'
• iajNdúl mßirhkays we;s úúO øjH Ndú;fhka
fujeks ks¾udKhla l< yelsnj'
^ñks;;
a = 10 hs&
53
mshjr 3'1'3'2 ( • mka;sfha isiqka lKavdï y;rlg fnokak'
• weuqKu q 3'1'3'1g we;=<;a .fõIK ld¾h Wmfoia
m;s%ldfõ msgm;a lKavdhïj,g fnod fokak'
• øjH yd WmlrK fnod fokak'
• isiqka l%shdldrlfuys fhdojkak'
• úúO yevfha ks¾udK lsÍug isiqka fhduq
lrjkak' Wod ( cHdñ;sl" iajNdúl
• ks¾udK bÈßm;a lsÍug iQodkï lrjkak'
^ñks;;
a = 130 hs&
mshjr 3'1'3'3 ( • lKavdhï ks¾udK bÈßm;a lsÍug wjia:dj fokak'

• .=Kd;aul ;;ajhka we.hSug yd ixj¾Okd;aul
woyia bÈßm;a lsÍug wfkla lKavdhï fhduq
lrkak'
• w,amkdj hkq W;aij wjia:djkays myk ;nk

ia:dkfha ìu ieris,s lsÍug lrk ks¾udKhla
nj'
• fujeks fjk;a ks¾udK úúO wd.ñl yd
ixialD;sl W;aij wd.ñl W;aij wjia:dj,§
oelsh yelsnj'
• úúO W;aijhkays iajNdjhkag .e,fmk mßÈ
w,amkdj ks¾udKh úh hq;n = j' ^wd.ñl"
ixialD;sl&
• ksjerÈj ñkqï l%u Ndú; lsÍfuka oi oyia
yev;, weiqfrka o w,amkdfõ yevh ie,iqï
lr .; yelsnj'
• ks¾udKh lsÍfuka fjk;a wjia:dj, ,nd .;a
oekqu Ndú; l< yels nj'
^ñks;;
a = 20 hs&
54
• — w,amkdj˜ hkq l=ulaoehs úia;r lrhs'

• W;aij wjia:dj, ìu ieriSu i|yd w,amkdj ks¾udKh l< yelsnj ms<.
s ksh's
• w,amkdjla ks¾udKh lrhs'
• ixhufhka hq;=j l%shdjl ksr; fjhs'
• lKavdhï ye`.fS uka lghq;= lrhs'
weuqKu
q 3'1'3'1

s dj
w,amkdjla ks¾udKh lruq'
• w,amkdjla i|yd ieris,s lsÍug iqÿiq ie,iqula äuhs lvodisj, w¢kak' ^ fï

i|yd lKavdhfï ish¨ idudðlhska fhduq jkak'&
• ie,iqï we£fï § wjYH;djg .e,fmk mßÈ ie,iqï lrkak' ^wd.ñl yd
ixialD;sl&
• cHdñ;sl WmlrK Ndú; lrñka iqÿiq È. m<, fh§ug lghq;= lrkak'
• f;dard .;a ie,iqï Ñ;%h ì%ia,a fndaâ fyda fndlaia fndaâ ;,fhys we| .kak'
• Tng imhd we;s øjH Ndú; lrñka Tfí ie,iqu ieris<s lrkak'
• ie,iqu ieris,s lsÍfï § l%uj;a j lsÍug W;aiql jkak'
• ksu l< lD;Ska bÈßm;a lsÍug iQodkï jkak'
55
ksmK
ks¾udK lrhs'
ksmqK;d uÜgu 3'2 ( ks¾ñ; jia;+kaf.a yev ;, Wmfhda.S lr .ksñka

ie,iqï ydieris,s ks¾udKh lrhs'
l%h
s dldrlu 3'2'1 ( cHdñ;sl yev w,xlrKhg fhdouq'

m;%ls d
• fla;=j" >kh" is,skavrh yd p;=ia;,fhys w,xldr
lr ilia lr .;a yev ^ks¾udKh lr we;s wdldrh
.,jd úu¾IKh l< yels mßÈ &
• l;=re" lvodis lmk msyh s d
• cHdñ;sl WmlrK
• ì%ia,a fndaâ" ldâ fndaâ fyda fndlaia fndaâ
• j¾Kj;a lvodis
• kQ,"a bÈlgq
• w,jk øjH
• Ñ;% w¢k lvodis

s dj,sh (
mshjr 3'2'1'1 ( • ilia lr .;a yev m%o¾Ykh lrkak'
• tu yev ksÍlaIKh lsÍug isiqkag wjia:dj fokak'
• tu yev ms<n
s | isiq woyia úuikak'
fhfokak'
• cHdñ;sl yev hkq .Ks; ñKs; l%u wkqj

ks¾udKh ù we;s yevnj'
• cHdñ;sl WmlrK Ndú; fldg fujeks yev
f.dv k.d w,xlrK NdKav ks¾udKh l< yels
nj'
• j¾K yd j¾K lvodis Ndú; fldg ks¾udKh
lr .;a ieris<s ksjfia w,xldrhg Ndú; l<
yelsnj'
^ñks;;
a = 10 hs&
56
mshjr 3'2'1'2 ( • mka;sfha isiqka lKavdï y;rlg fnokak'
• weuqKuq 3'2'1'1g we;=<;a .fõIK$ld¾h Wmfoia m
m;%sld fnod fokak '
• øjH yd WmlrK lKavdhïj,g fnod fokak'
• mka;shg f.k wd cHdñ;sl yev lKavdhïj,g ,nd
fokak'
• lKavdhï l%shdldrlïj, fhdojkak
• Tfí Wmfoia u`. fmkaùï ,nd fokak'
• ks¾udK bÈßm;a lsÍug iQodkï lrjkak'
^ñks;;
a = 130 hs&
mshjr 3'2'1'3 ( • lKavdhï ks¾udK iuia; mka;h

s g bÈßm;a
lrjkak'
• we.hSulg yd ixj¾Okd;aul fhdackd bÈßm;a
lsÍug wfkl=;a lKavdhïj,g wjia:dj fokak'
fhfokak'
• fyd¢ka ksÍlaIKh lsÍfuka hï jia;=jl

iajNdjh ukdj wjfndaO lr.; yelsnj'
• hïlsis jia;=jla wdo¾Yhg .ekSfuka kej; tu
yevh ks¾udKh lsÍu myiqnj'
• ks¾udKhla lsÍfï § cHdñ;sl WmlrK Nú;
lSÍfuka ksjerÈ mßudKql+,j ksraudKh l<
yelsnj'
• fndaâ j¾. muKla fkdj fjk;a udOH
Ndú;fhka o fujeks ks¾udK l< yelsnj'
Wod ^ fmd,a ugq¨" ueá&
• úúO l%u Ys,m a Ndú;fhka w,xldr l< yelsnj'
^fld,dÊ" m,am"a j¾K lsÍu &
• lKavdhula jYfhka lghq;= lsÍfuka úYd,
ld¾hhla jqjo ukdj mrsos ixúOdkh lr .;
yelsnj'
^ñks;;
a = 20 hs&
57
• cHdñ;sl yev kï lrhs'

• cHdñ;sl yev weiqfrka w,xlrK NdKav ks¾udKh l< yelsnj ms<s .kshs'
• cHdñ;sl yev Ndú;d lr .Dy wNHka;r ieris,,a la ks¾udKh lrhs'
• idlÉPd lr ;SrKj,g t<fUhs'
• hï lsis ld¾hhl § wdo¾Ykhla Ndú;d lrhs'
• hï lsis wdo¾Ykhla Ndú;fhka fjk;a ld¾hhla fyda ks¾udKhla lrhs'
weuqKu
q 3'2'1'1

s dj
cHdñ;sl yev w,xlrKhg fhdouq'
• Tng ,eî we;s cHdñ;sl yevh wNsu; ´kE u whqrlska ksÍlaIKh lrkak'
• Tn lKavdhu ;=< idlÉPd lr leu;s mßÈ l=vd lKavdhïj,g fnfokak'
• Tn wOHhkh l< yevh wdo¾Yhg f.k tl l=vd lKavdhula úYd, yevhla o
wfkl=;a l=vd lKavdhï l=vd yev o úúO mßudKfhka ks¾udKh lrkak'
• ieye,a¨ nj yd iunr;dj ms<sn| wjOdkh fhduq lrkak'
• cHdñ;sl yev ks¾udKh lsÍfï § my; Wmfoia ms<m s Èkak'
I ks¾udK lsÍfï § cHdñ;sl WmlrK Ndú; lrkak'
II Tng ,eî we;s fndaâ Ndú;d lr yev ;, mekaif,ka ,l=Kq lr lmd .kak'
III lmd .;a lvodis máj, .ï ;jrd yev ;, tl;= lr w,jd .kak'
IV ks¾udKh l< yev j¾K fyda j¾Kj;a lvodis Ndú; lr w,xldr lr .kak'
• ks¾udKh lr .;a l=vd cHdñ;sl yev kQ,a wdOdrfhka úYd, yevhg iïnkaO
lrkak'
• iuia; ks¾udKh bÈßm;a lsÍulg iQodkï jkak'
58
ksmK
q ;dj 4'0 ( ksIamdok yd fiajd wjYH;d i|yd .%emsla Ñ;% ks¾udKh
lrhs'
ksmqK;d uÜgu 4'1 ( úúO NdId udOH Wmfhda.S lr .ksñka ks¾udKd;aul

wlaIr lrKfha fhfohs'
lsh
% dldrlu 4'1'1 ( wdo¾Y mdi,a kdumqjrejla ks¾udKh lruq'

• fmdaiag¾ idhï" mekai,a" mskai,a
• ì%ia,a fndaâ" msgm;a lsÍfï lvodis ^Tracing Paper)
• gqjhska kQ,a" weuqKqï lgq
• mqj;am;aj, m< jQ úúO wdh;k kdudj,s ^;rula úYd,
wlaIr iys;&
bf.kqï - b.ekaùï ls%hdj,sh (

mshjr 4'1'1'1 ( • mka;sh bÈßmsg ì;a;sfhys mqj;am;aj, m, jQ úúO
wdh;kj, kdudj,S m%o¾Ykh lrkak'
• tu kdudj,S ms<sn| isiq woyia úuikak'
• my; lreKq u;= lrñka idlÉPdjl ksr; jkak'
• mß.Klfhka yd we£u u`.ska hk l%u foflka u

wlaIr lrKfhys fhÈh yelsnj'
• .%e*sla Ñ;% l,dj i|yd wlaIr lrKh w;HdjYH
wx.hlanj'
• wlaIr ks¾udKh lsÍfï § úúO yev yd j¾K fhdod
ks¾udKh l< yelsnj'
• úúOdldr ;,hka u;=mg s wlaIr lrKh l< yels
nj'
^ñks;;
a = 20 hs&
59
m;s%ldj isiqkag fnod fokak'
• Ñ;% we£fï øjH yd WmlrK isiqkag fnod fokak'
• ksu l< lD;Ska bÈßm;a lsÍug iQodkï lrjkak'
^ñks;;
a = 80 hs&
mshjr 4'1'1'3 ( • ksu lrk ,o isiq ks¾udK mka;sfha m%o¾Ykh lsÍug

wjia:dj ,nd fokak'
• tu ks¾udK ms<n s | woyia m%ldY lsÍug isik
q g
a wjia:dj
i,ikak'
• isik
q a úiska ks¾udKh lr ,o kdu mqjrej, ;jÿrg;a
ixj¾Okh úh hq;= wjia:d isik q a iu. idlÉPd lrñka
Wmfoia fokak'
• w;ska wlaIr ks¾udKh lsßfï § (manual) msgm;a

lsÍfï lvodis (Tracing Paper) Ndú; fldg
ks¾udKh lsÍu jvd fhda.Hnj'
• cHdñ;sl Í;shla wkq.ukh fldg wlaIr ks¾udKh
lr .; yelsnj'
• f;dard.;a wlaIr l%uhla iuia; kdudj,sh i|yd
fhdod .; hq;n= j'
• wlaIr lrKfha § ukd ixhufhka yd ishqï f,i
mskai, yeisrùu ;=<ska Wiia ksudjlska hq;a
kdu mqjrejla ks¾udKh l< yelsnj'
^ñks;;
a = 20 hs&
• wlaIr lrKh Ndú; jk wjia:d úia;r lrhs'

• mß.Klfhka yd we|Sfuka wlaIr lrKfhys fhÈh yelsnj ms<.
s ksh's
• mdi,a kdu mqjrejla ks¾udKh lrhs'
• WmlrK ukd ixhuhlska Ndú; lrhs'
• ks¾udK ri ú¢hs" w.h lrhs'
60
weuqKu
q 4'1'1'1
• mka;sfha m%o¾Ykh l< uqøs; kdudj,s fyd¢ka ksÍlaIKh lrkak'

• tu wlaIr lsihs ï cHdñ;sl Í;shla wkqj ks¾udKh ù we;s whqre ksÍlaIKh lrkak'
• mdi,a kdu mqjrejg iqÿiq jD;a;dldr wlaIr fudaia;rhla f;dard .kak'
• Ñ;% w¢k lvodish u; wlaIr lrKh i|yd wjYH bß" fldaÿjla wdOdrfhka we|.kak
^Tn f;dard .;a wlaIr fudaia;rhg wod< wlaIrj, Wv fldgi" ueo fldgi yd
hg fldgi i|yd wod< bv m%udK fjka fldg bß we|.kak'&
• ta bß u; mekai, Ndú; lr my; i|yka wdo¾Y kdu mqjre wdldrhg Tn mdif,a
kdu mqjrej ie,iqï lrkak' ^m%udKh wÕ,a 18 « 20&
1 l%uh
2 l%uh
• Tn úiska ie,iqï lrk ,o mdi,a kdu mqjrej msgm;a lsÍfï ^Tracing) lvodishl
msgm;a lr .kak'
• ì%is,a fndaâtl u; ;nk ,o msgm;a lrk lvodish wdOdrfhka msgm;a lr .kak'
• Tn leu;s ;o j¾Khlska iqÿiq mskai,a wdOdrfhka kdu mqjrefjys wlaIr j¾K
.kajkak'
• ks¾udKh lr wjika lrk ,o wdo¾Y mdi,a kdu mqjrej mka;sfha m%o¾Ykh lsÍu
i|yd iQodkï lrkak'
61
ksmK
lrhs'

lsh
% dldrlu 4'1'2 ( mdi,a k¾;k fyda ix.S; m%ix.hla ye¢kaùu i|yd
ks¾udKd;aul wlaIr Ndú;fhka ix{d kduhla ks¾udKh
lruq'

m;s%ldfõ msgm;a wjYH muK'
• Ñ;% w¢k lvodis" msgm;a lrk lvodis ^Tracing
Paper)
• gqjhska kQ,a" weuqKqï lgq" fif,dafÜma
• f;dard.;a úúO k¾;k" ix.S; m%ix. i|yd ks¾udKh
ù we;s ix{d kdu lsym s hla' ^A3 m%udKhg úYd, l<
ix{d kdu&
bf.kqï - b.ekaùï lsh

% dj,sh(
mshjr 4'1'2'1 ( • f;dard .;a k¾;k ix.S; m%ix. i|yd ks¾udKh jQ
ix{d kdu lsysmhla mka;sfha m%o¾Ykh lrkak'
• tu ks¾udK ms<sn| isiq woyia úuikak'
• k¾;k" ix.S; m%ix.h y÷kajk ix{d kdu i|yd

ks¾udKd;aul wlaIr lrKh fhdod .kakdnj'
• k¾;k" ix.S ; m% i x. ika k s f õokfha §
ks¾udKd;aul wlaIr fhdod ksu l< ix{d kdu
jvd wdl¾YKSh nj'
• oekaùï" nek¾" fmdaig
a ¾" lgjqÜj, ks¾udKd;aul
wlaIr fh¥ ix{d kdu m%o¾Ykh jknj'
^ñks;;
a = 20 hs&
62
• øjH yd WmlrK isiqkag fnod fokak'
• ks¾udK lrKfha§ u;=jk .eg¨ úi|d .ekSu i|yd
iydh jkak'
• ksu l< lD;Ska bÈßm;a lsÍug iqodkï lrjkak'
^ñks;;
a = 80 hs&

wjia:dj ,nd fokak'
• tu ks¾udK ms<n s | woyia m%ldY lsÍug isikq g
a wjia:dj
i,ikak'
• isik
q a úiska ks¾udKh lr ,o ix{d kduj, ;jÿrg;a
ixj¾Okh úh hq;= wjia:d isik q a iu`. idlÉPd lrkak'
• ks¾udKd;aul wlaIr Ndú;fhka ix{d kduhla

ks¾udKfha § tu wlaIr" j¾K yd yev;, wod<
m%ix.hg .e,fmk f,i Ndú; l< hq;=nj'
• ix{dkduhla ks¾udKfha § .e,fmk ks¾udKd;aul
yev;, tl;= lr .ekSug ksoyi ;sfnknj'
• wod, ix|d kduh b;d l=vd ,sms YS¾Ihlg fuka u
úYd, nek¾ lgjqÜj, fhdod .ekSfï § mjd
meyeÈ,sj o¾Ykh úh hq;n= j'
• id{d kdu ie,iqu ksjerÈj msgm;a lr.; hq;n
= j'
^ñks;;
a = 20 hs&
63
• ks¾udKd;aul wlaIr Ndú;fhka ix{d kduhla ks¾udKh lsÍfï wjYH;dj úia;r

lrhs'
• mdi,a ix.S;" k¾;k m%ix.hla ye¢kaùu i|yd ks¾udKd;aul wlaIr Ndú;fhka
ix{d kduhla ks¾udKh lrk whqre meyeÈ,s lrhs'
• mdi,a ix.S;" k¾;k m%ix.hla ye¢kaùu i|yd ks¾udKd;aul wlaIr Ndú;fhka
ix{d kduhla ks¾udKh lrhs'
• isiq ks¾udK w.h lrhs' riú¢hs'
• ix{d kdu ie,iqu fv%dhska lvodishg ksj/Èj msgm;a lrhs'
weuqKu
q 4'1'2'1
• mka;sfha m%o¾Ykh l< ix{d kdu lsysmh fyd¢ka ksÍlaIKh lrkak'

• ix.S;" k¾;k m%ix.hlg .e,fmk wlaIr" yev;, fhdod ix{dkdu A4 m%udKhg
ie,iqï lrkak'
• mekaif,ka ie,iqï l< ix{d kduh msgm;a lrk lvodishl msgm;a lr Ñ;% w¢k
lvodishl msgm;a lr .kak'
• Ñ;% w¢k lvodishg msgm;a lr .;a ix{d kduh meyeÈ,sj we| .kak'
• .e,fmk j¾K fhdod j¾K lrkak'
• ksud lrk ,o ix{d kdu mka;sfha m%o¾Ykh lsÍu i|yd iqodkï lrkak'
64
ksmK
lrhs'

lsh
% dldrlu 4'1'3 ( NdId folla we;=<;a fpdla,Ü ojgkhla w¢uq'
.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( • weuqKu q 4'1'3'1 g we;=<;a .fõIK$ld¾h Wmfoia

• fmdaiag¾ idhï" Èh idhï" mekai,a" mskai,a
• Ñ;% we£fï lvodis" msgm;a lsÍfï lvodis" gqjhska kQ,"a
weuqKqï lgq
• f;dard .;a úúO uqøs; ojgk lsysmhla

% dj,sh(
mshjr 4'1'3'1 ( • f;dard .;a úúO uqø;
s ojgk lsym
s hla isik
q g
a m%o¾Ykh
lrkak'
• tu uqøs; ojgk ms<sn| isiq woyia úuikak'
• lsih
s ï NdKavhla wdjrKh lsÍu i|yd ojgkhla
fhdod .kakdnj'
• ojgkh mdßfNda.l s hdf.a is;a wdl¾Ykh lsÍug
iu;a úh hq;n
= j'
• ojgkhl úúO NdId udOH i|yka ù we;snj'
• ojgkhl úúO rEm igyka we;=<;a ú we;snj'
• ojgkh wod< NdKavh wiqrkhg iqÿiq úh hq;=
nj'
^ñks;;
a = 20 hs&
65
mshjr 4'1'3'2 ( • weuqKuq 4'1'3'1 g we;=<;a .fõIK$ld¾h Wmfoia
• Ñ;% we£fï øjH yd WmlrK isiqkag fnod fokak'
• ksu l< lD;Ska bÈßm;a lsÍug iQodkï lrjkak'
^ñks;;
a = 80 hs&

wjia:dj ,nd fokak'
• tu ks¾udK ms<sn| woyia m%ldY lsÍug isiqkag
wjia:dj i,ikak'
• isiqka úiska ks¾udKh lrk ,o ojgkj, ;jÿrg;a
ixj¾Okh úh hq;= wjia:d isiqka iu`. idlÉPd
lrñka Wmfoia fokak'
• fpdl,Ü j¾.fha ku ks¾udKd;aulj

wlaIr lrKh l< hq;n
= j'
• wod< fpdl,Ü j¾.h yd tys wvx.= wdydr øjH
ikaksfõokh jk rEm igyka ;sìh hq;=nj'
• fpdla,Ü ojgkhl wdl¾YkSh ksudjla ;sìh hq;=
nj'
^ñks;;
a = 20 hs&
• ojgkhl ;sìh hq;= .=Kdx. úia;r lrhs'

• ojgkhl wvx.= úh hq;= wx. kï lrhs'
• fpdl,Ü ojgkhla ks¾udKh lrhs'
• isiq ks¾udK w.h lrhs" ri ú¢hs'
• WmlrK ukd ixhufhka Ndú; lrhs'
66
weuqKu
q 4'1'3'1
• mka;f
s ha m%o¾Ykh l< uqø;
s ojgk my; i|yka lrekq ie,ls,,
a g .ksñka fyd¢ka
ksÍlaIKh lrkak'
• rEm igyka wod< NdKavhg .e,fmknj
• j¾K wod< NdKavhg .e,fmknj
• ix{d kdu wod, NdKavhg .e,fmknj
• wdl¾YKSh njla ;sfí o keoa o hk j.
• wod< NdKavhg ojgkfha WÑ;$wkqÑ;;dj
• fpdl,Ü ojgkhlg .e,fmk rEm igyka yd wlaIr ie,iqï lrkak'

• fpdl,Ü ojgkhg wod< tys wvx.= wdydr j¾.j, rEm igyka'
• <uqkg
a wdl¾YkSh jk rEmigyka'
• wod< fpdl,Ü j¾.fha ix{d kduh NdId follska'
• ie,iqï l< rEm igyka msgm;a lrk lvodishla u`.ska Ñ;% w¢k lvodisfha msgm;a
lr .kak' ^wlaIr i|yd wod< bv m%udK fjka lrkak'&
• rEm igyka iqÿiq j¾K fhdod j¾K lrkak'
• j¾K lsÍfuka miq fjka lrk ,o bv m%udKfhys msgm;a lrk lvodishla u`.ska
wlaIr msgm;a lrkak'
• wlaIr j¾K lrkak'
• ksu lrk ,o fpdl,Ü ojgk mka;sfha m%o¾Ykh lsÍug iQodkï lrkak'
67
ksmK
lrhs'

lsh
% dldrlu 4'1'4 ( fjf<| kdu mqjrejl wdlD;shla ks¾udKh lruq'

• Ñ;% w¢k lvodis" msgm;a lrk lvodis" gqjhska kQ,a"
weuqKï q lgq
• f;dard .;a fj<| kdumqjrej, wdlD;s lsym
s hla

mshjr 4'1'4'1 ( • f;dard .;a fjf<| kdu mqjrej, wdlD;s lsysmhla
mka;sfha m%o¾Ykh lrkak'
• tu fjf<| kdu mqjre ms<ns | isik
q g
a woyia oelaùug
wjia:dj i,iajkak'
• tu fjf<| kdumqjrej, WÑ;" wkqÑ; nj isik q a iu`.
idlÉPd lrkak'
• úúO fjf<| jHdmdßl ia:dkj, tu fjf<|

jHdmdrh ikaksfõokh ùu i|yd kdumqjre
iúlr we;snj'
• fjf<| jHdmdrfhys iajNdjh wkqj tys kdu
mqjrefjys yevh wlaIr iy rEm igyka fjkiajk
nj'
• mß.Kl ;dlaIKfhka yd we£fuka fjf<| kdu
mqjre ks¾udKh jknj'
^ñks;;
a = 20 hs&
68
mshjr 4'1'4'2 ( • weuqKu q 4'1'4'1 g we;=<;a .fõIK$ld¾h Wmfoia
• Ñ;% w¢k lvodis" msgm;a lrk lvodis" fmdaiga ¾ idhï"
mskai,a" mekai,a isiqkag fnod fokak'
• fjf<| kdumqjrejl wdlD;shla ks¾udKh
lsÍug isiqkag Wmfoia fokak'
• isikq a lsh
% dldrlfuys fhfok úg uqyKq mdk .eg¨j,g
ixj¾Okd;aul úi÷ï ,nd fokak'
• ksu lrk ,o fjf<| kdu mqjre wdlD;s mka;sfha
m%o¾Ykh lsÍug iQodkï lrjkak'
^ñks;;
a = 80 hs&
mshjr 4'1'4'3 ( • isiq ks¾udK mka;shg m%o¾Ykh lrjkak'

• tu ks¾udK ms<sn| isiq woyia úuikak'
• isiqka úiska ks¾udKh lrk ,o ojgkj, ;jÿrg;a
ixj¾Okh úh hq;= fldgia idlÉPd lrkak'
fhfokak'
• fjf<| kdumqjrejla wdl¾YkSh ksudjlska

ks¾udKh l< hq;n = j'
• fjf<| jHdmdrfhys iajNdjh wkqj fhdod
we;s wlaIr l%uh thg WÑ; úh hq;n
= j'
• fjf<| jHdmdrfhys iajNdjh wkqj tys
kdu mqjrejg fhdok rEm yd j¾K WÑ;
úh hq;n
= j'
^ñks;;
a = 20 hs&
• fjf<| kdu mqjrejl wjYH;dj úia;r lrhs'

• fjf<| kdu mqjrejla ks¾udKh lrk whqre úia;r lrhs'
• fjf<| kdu mqjrejl wdlD;shla ks¾udKh lrhs'
• isiq ks¾udK w.h lrhs'
• j¾K yd WmlrK ukd ixhuhlska hq;=j Ndú; lrhs'
69
weuqKu
q ( 4'1'4'1
• mka;sfha m%o¾Ykh l< f;dard .;a fjf<| kdu mqjre wdlD;s fyd¢ka ksÍlaIKh
lrkak'
• l=uk fjf<| NdKav i|yd kdu mqjrej ks¾udKh lrkafkaoehs f;dard .kak'
Wod ( • whsia lS%ï" fhda.Ü" wf,ú lrK ia:dk i|yd
• hlv" ksjdi WmlrK wf,ú i,lg
• rka NdKav fjf<| i,lg
• ì%iag,a fndaâ 1$2 m%udKfha fjf<| kdu mqjrejla i|yd tu m%udKfha u Ñ;% w¢k
lvodishla f.k tys fhdok wlaIr iy rEm mekaif,ka ks¾udKh lrkak'
• Ñ;% w¢k lvodisfhys w¢k ,o rEm igyka muKla uq,ska msgm;a lrk lvodishl
wdOdrfhka ì%ia,a fndaâ tlg msgm;a lr .kak'
• ì%ia,a fndaâ tflys msgm;a lr .;a fjf<| kdu mqjrefjys rEm igyka wod< j¾K
fhdod j¾Kj;a lrkak'
• j¾K lsÍfuka wk;=rej Ñ;% w¢k lvodisfha w¢k ,o wlaIr iys; jels" msgm;a lrk
lvodishl wdOdrfhka j¾K lrk ,o ì%ia,a fndaâ tflys msgm;a lr.kak'
• lemS fmfkk whqßka wlaIr iys; jels j¾K lrkak'
• ks¾udKh mka;f s ha m%o¾Ykh i|yd iQodkï lrkak'
70
ksmK
q ;dj 4'0 ( ksIamdok yd fiajd wjYH;d i|yd Ñ;% ks¾udKh lrhs'

lsh
% dldrlu 4'1'5 ( mdi,a úúO m%ix.hla i|yd nekrhla ks¾udKh lruq'
.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( • weuqKuq 4'1'5'1 g we;=<;a .fõIK$ld¾h Wmfoia

• ógr 01 l j¾K froaola
• 1m x 1m m%udKfha ydâ fndaâ lene,a,la
• nek¾ fmakaÜ j¾K 02 la" yqKq leg
• È. fldaÿjla ^ógr 01&
• me;,s nqreiq wxl 2"4"6
• m%o¾Ykh i|yd ksu l< f;dard .;a nek¾ lsym s hla'
^w;ska w¢k ,o yd ialS%ka ms%kaáka l%uhg ks¾udKh
lrk ,o&

mshjr 4'1'1'5 ( • f;dard .;a nek¾ lsym
s hla mka;h
s bÈßfha m%o¾Ykh
lrkak'
• tu nek¾ ms<sn| isiq woyia úuikak'
• froaol w¢k ,o nek¾ fuka u ialS%ka uqøKh

u`.ska ksu l< nek¾ hk j¾. folg u nek¾
ks¾udKh lrknj'
• uyckhdg fyd¢ka Èiajk f,i m%isoaO ia:dkj,
nek¾ m%o¾Ykh jknj'
• ks¾udKd;aul wlaIr fhdod nek¾ u.ska ck;djg
lsishï mKsjqvhla ,nd foknj'
• nek¾ tll meyeÈ,s ksudjla ;sìh hq;n
= j'
^ñks;;
a = 20 hs&
71
mshjr 4'1'5'2 ( • mka;sfha <uqka lKavdhï lsysmhlg fnokak'
• weuqKqu 4'1'5'1 g we;=<;a .fõIK$ld¾h Wmfoia
m;s%ldj lKavdhïj,g fnod fokak'
• j¾K frÈ" nek¾ fmakaÜ mskai,a" yqKq leg" fldaÿ
lKavdhïj,g fnod fokak'
• isiq lKavdhï ls%hdldrlfuys fhdojkak'
• ksu lrk ,o nek¾ mka;f s ha m%o¾Ykh lsÍug iQodkï
lrjkak'
^ñks;;
a = 80 hs&
mshjr 4'1'5'3 ( • lKavdhïj, ksu lrk ,o nek¾ mka;sfha m%o¾Ykh

lrjkak'
• ks¾udKh lrk ,o nek¾ ms<sn|j lKavdhï woyia
úuikak'
• nek¾ tlla we£fï § wlaIr lrKhg wjYH bß

we| .ekSu" kshñ; mr;r ;nd yqKq legfhka wl=re
we| .ekSu uq,ks a l< hq;=nj'
• wlaIr lrKhg fhdo .kakd j¾K f;dard .ekSfï
§ froafoys j¾Kh ms<n s | j ie,ls,u
s ;a úh hq;=
nj'
• wlaIrj, m%udKh wkqj f;dard .kakd me;e,s
mskai,aj, m%udK o fjkia úh hq;=nj'
• meyeÈ,s ksudjla i|yd wl=re tl u; tl we£u
wj u jYfhka fojrlaj;a isÿúh hq;=nj'
^ñks;;
a = 20 hs&
• nek¾ tll wjYH;dj úia;r lrhs'

• nekrhla ks¾udKh lsÍfuka mKsúvhla Èh yels nj wjfndaOfhka m%ldY lrhs'
• nek¾ tlla ks¾udKh i|yd odhl;ajh imhhs'
• wlaIr ms<ns | oekqu úúO wjYH;d i|yd Ndú; lrhs'
• fmdÿ ls%hdldrlul fldgia lrejl= f,i ls%hdYS,S ld¾h Ndrhla bgq lrhs'
72
.fõIK ld¾h $ Wmfoia m;s%ldj
• mka;fs ha m%o¾Ykh l< uqø;

s yd w;ska w¢k ,o nek¾ my; i|yka lrekq ie,ls,,
a g
.ksñka fyd¢ka ksÍlaIKh lrkak'
• tu nek¾j, olakg ,efnk meyeÈ,s ksudj" jpk w;r jdlH lKav w;r
mr;r ;nd we;s whqre'
• froafoys j¾Kh yd wlaIrj, j¾Kfha ukd .e,mSu'
• wlaIrj, ffY,sh
• imhd .;a ydâ fndaâ tl u; nek¾ we£u i|yd fhdod .kakd froao t,kak'
• Tn fhdod .ekSug ie,iqï l< úia;r wlaIr lrKh lsÍu i|yd froao u; fldaÿj
Ndú; fldg bß we| .kak' ^yqKq leghla uÕsk&a
• tu bß w;r úúO m%ix.fha ku" Èkh" fõ,dj" ia:dkh wdÈh yqKq legfhka ;,hg
iunr jk fia ks¾udKd;aul wlaIr l%uhla u`.ska igyka lr .kak'
• .e,fmk nek¾ fmakaÜ j¾.hla yd me;e,s mskai,la Ndú; fldg wlaIr lrKfha
fhfokak'
• tla jrla wlaIr lrKfha fhÈfuka wk;=rej tu nek¾ fmakaÜ fõ¨Kq miq kej;
jrla ta u; h,s wlaIr lrKfha fhfokak'
• fyd| ksudjlska nekrh ks¾udKh lrkak'
• ksud lrk ,o nek¾ mka;sfha m%o¾Ykh i|yd iQodkï lrkak'
73
ksmK
q ;dj 5'0 ( úúO udOH Ndú;fhka uQ¾;s yd leghï ks¾udKh lrhs'
ksmqK;d uÜgu 5'1 ( ir, yev Ndú;fhka úúO i;aj bßhõ ks¾udKh lrhs'
lsh
% dldrlu 5'1'1 ( Èh fndk i;=ka leghï lruq'

• ßðf*da ï udOHfhka fk<S f ï l% u h Ndú;fhka
ks¾udKh lrk ,o ì;a;s ieris,a,la fyda folla
• ßðf*daï len,s wjYH muK' ^m%udKh wä 1 x 1)
• l=vd msy;s , lsyms hla
• wxl 0 je,s lvodis lene,a,la
• j¾K
• äuhs lvodis" mekai,a $ msgm;a lsrSug wjYH ldnka
lvodis

mshjr 5'1'1'1 ( • rsðf*daï udOHfhka ksu lrk ,o Wkak; ì;a;s
ieris,a, isiqkag m%o¾Ykh lrkak'
• tu ks¾udK ms<n s |j isik
q a iu`. idlÉPd lrñka woyia
úuikak'
fufyhjkak'
• ßðf*daï Ndú;hg f.k fk<Sfï l%ufhka

Wkak;hla ksu l< yelsnj'
• j¾K lsÍfuka tys pu;aldrh jeä ÈhqKq l< yels
nj'
• leghï lsÍfï Ys,am l%uh fuu ks¾udKh ;=<ska
oelsh yelsnj'
• .Dy w,xlrKh i|yd fujeks ks¾udK Ndú;
l< yelsnj'
^ñks;;
a = 15 hs&
74
• ld¾h Wmfoia wkqj isiqka ls%hdldrlfuys
fhdojkak'
• wjYH WmlrK isiqkag ,nd fokak'
• w¢k ,o o< igyk ßðf*daaï ;,fha msgm;a lr
.ekSug u`. fmkajkak'
• ksu l< lD;s mx;shg bÈßm;a lsÍug iQodkï
lrjkak'
^ñks;;
a = 90 hs&
mshjr 5'1'1'3 ( • isiq ks¾udK mx;shg bÈßm;a lsrSug i,iajkak'

• tu ks¾udK ms<sn|j iajhx we.hSulg wjia:d ,nd
fokak'
fhduq lrjkak'
fhfokak'
• ßðf*daï ;,fha o< igyk fyd¢ka we| .; hq;=

nj'
• wjYH fldgia u;= lr .ekSfï § wkjYH fldgia
.eUqrg ydrñka bj;a l< hq;n
= j'
• úYd, yev fuka u l=vd yev ;, fhdod .ekSfuka
leghfï w,xldrh jeä ÈhqKq l< yelsnj'
• j¾K .ekaùfuka leghfï pu;aldrh jvd;a u;=
l< yelsnj'
^ñks;;
a = 15 hs&
• ;,h mqrd yev ;, úys§ hk whqßka i;aj rEm ixúOdkh lrhs'

• wjYH yev ;, u;= lsÍfï § wkjYH yev fldgia lmd bj;a lrhs'
• l=vd yev ;, fhdod .ksñka leghfï w,xldrh jeä fldg fmkajhs'
• WmlrK úêu;aj Ndú; lrhs'
• wka whf.a ks¾udK w.h lrhs'
75
weuqKu
q 5'1'1'1
• kshñ; m%udKfha äuhs lvodisfha o< igyka we| ßðf*daï ;,hg th msgm;a lr
.kak'
• wjYH yev b;sß lrñka wkjYH yev fldgia ydrd bj;a lrñka yev u;= lr .kak'
• jvd;a pu;aldrh f.k fok whqßka úYd, yev fuka u l=vd yev;, o u;= lrkak'
• je,s lvodishl wdOdrfhka yev;, jvd;a fyd¢ka ksuyï lrkak'
• .eUqrg we;s ;eka w÷re j¾Kfhka o bÈßhg tiù we;s yev tu j¾Kfha u ,d
j¾Kfhka o j¾K lrkak'
• wjYH kï fldm¾ viaÜ$f.da,â a viaÜ (copper dust/silver dust)Ndú; lr oeä
wdf,dal ia:dkhka u;= lr fmkajkak'
• Tnf.a ks¾udK mx;shg bÈßm;a lsÍug iQodkï lrkak'
76
ksmK
lsh
% dldrlu 5'1'2 ( ñksia rejla weöu

m;s%ldfõ msgm;aa wjYH muK'
• udkj uQ¾;s úoyd oelafjk rEm igyka$PdhdrEm
• ma,diag¾ meßia
• isyska lïì ^nhskaäka lïì&
• ,S ;yvqjla ^2x30x30 cm)
• weöu i|yd wjYH WmlrK (Tools)
• lïìl+rla ^Wi 30 cm) / w`.,a 1 1$2 l hlv weK
• äuhs lvodis$mekai,a

mshjr 5'1'2'1 ( • wdo¾Y udkj uQ¾;s iys; rEm igyka$PdhdrEm isik
q g
a
m%o¾Ykh lrkak'
• tu ks¾udK ms<sn|j isiqka iu`. idlÉPd lrñka
woyia úuikak'
fufyhjkak'
• lïì yd ma,diag¾ meßia Ndú;fhka w,xldr uQ¾;s

ksul< yelsnj'
• ksjfia w,xldrhg tjeks uQ¾;s ks¾udKh lr
Ndú;hg .; yelsnj'
• ma,diag¾ meßia fuka u fjk;a udOHhka o Ndú;
lr úYd, m%udKfha fujeks uQ¾;s l< yelsnj'
^ñks;;
a = 15 hs&
77
fhdojkak'
• isiq ks¾udK mka;shg bÈßm;a lsÍug iQodkï
lrjkak'
(ñks;;
a = 90 hs&
mshjr 5'1'2'3 ( • isiq ks¾udK mx;shg bÈßm;a lsÍug i,iajkak'
• tu ks¾udK ms<sn|j iajhx we.hSulg wjia:d ,nd
fokak'
fhfokak'
• o< igykla we£fuka ks¾udKh lsÍug myiqjk

nj'
• uQ¾;sh ia:djrj ;nd .ekSug ,S ;yvqj u; lïìh
fyd¢ka /oúh hq;n= j'
• uQ¾;sfha yev;, ir,j fhdod .ekSu ks¾udKhg
myiqnj'
• isyska lïì .eg .id .ekSfuka ma,diag¾ meßia
ukdj /|úh yelsnj'
• j¾K lsÍfï § j¾K wvq jeä jYfhka fhdod
.ekSfuka pu;aldrh jeä ÈhqKq l< yelsnj'
^ñks;;
a = 15 hs&
• ir, yev Ndú;fhka o< igyka we| olajhs'

• lïì fyd¢ka .eg .iñka úúO yev ks¾udKh lrhs'
• ma,diag¾ meßia fhdod .ksñka ukd f,i uQ¾;sh ks¾udKh lrhs'
• wkq ms<sfj,ska ld¾hhl ksr;fjhs'
• wka whf.a ks¾udK w.h lrhs'
78
weuqKu
q 5'1'2'1
• udkj ls%hdldrlula oelafjk rEmhl o< igykla we| .kak'

• ,S ;yvqj u; lïìh r|jd lïì .eg .iñka wjYH wdlD;sh f.dv k.d .kak'
• fkdfi,ajk wdldrfhka iúu;aj ilia lsÍug j. n,d .kak'
• isyska lïìhla f.k iels,af,a T;ñka oe,l wdldrh jk fia iels,a, fyd¢ka
ilid .kak'
• wjYH muK ma,diag¾ meßia" j;=r iu`. ñY%lr lïì ±, u; r|jñka wjYH
yev ksuyï lr .kak'
^ma,diag¾ meßia laIKslj iújk udOHhla neúka wjYH m%udKh álska ál ilid
.kak'&
• fyd¢ka úhMKq miq Tnf.a wNsu;h mßÈ j¾K fhdoñka ks¾udKfha w,xldrh jeälr
.kak'
79
ksmK
lsh
% dldrlu 5'1'3 ( udkj rEmhla ks¾udKh lruq'

• udkj uQ¾;s úoyd ±lafjk PdhdrEm$rEm igyka
• moï l< ueá
• ,S ;yvq (2x30x30 cm)
• weöu i|yd wjYH WmlrK (Tools)
• lïì l+rla (30 cm) muK Wi
• äuhs lvodis
• mekai,a

mshjr 5'1'3'1 ( • wdo¾Y udkj uQ¾;s iys; PdhdrEm$rEm igyka isik
q g
a
m%o¾Ykh lrkak'
• tu ks¾udK ms<sn|j isiqka iu`. idlÉPd lrñka
woyia úuikak'
fufyhjkak'
• ueá Wmfhda.S lr.ksñka uQ¾;shla f.dv ke.sh

yelsnj'
• ishqï yev u;=lsÍfuka uQ¾;sfha pu;aldrh jeä
ÈhqKq l< yelsnj'
• fjk;a udOH Ndú;fhka m%udKfhka úYd, uQ¾;s
ks¾udKh l< yelsnj'
^ñks;;
a = 15 hs&
80
fhdojkak'
• w¢k ,o o< igyk wkqj uQ¾;sh f.dv ke.Sug
isiqkag u`. fmkajkak'
• ksu l< lD;s mx;shg m%o¾Ykh lsÍug iQodkï
lrjkak'
^ñks;;
a = 90 hs&
mshjr 5'1'3'3 ( • isiq ks¾udK mx;shg bÈßm;a lsÍug i,iajkak'

• tu ks¾udK ms<sn|j iajhx we.hSulg wjia:dj ,nd
fokak'
fhfokak'
• o< igyka we| .ekSu uQ¾;sh f.dv ke.Sug jvd;a

myiq jknj'
• l%udKql,
+ j moï lr .;a ueá" wef,k iq`M .;sfhka
f;drj ks¾udKh i|yd myiqfjka fhdod .; yels
nj'
• WmlrK (Tools) Ndú; lsÍfuka uQ¾;sh ks¾udKh
lsÍu yd ksudj myiq jknj'
• j¾K .ekaùfuka ks¾udKfha pu;aldrh jvd;a
u;= l< yelsnj'
^ñks;;
a = 15 hs&
• ir, yev Ndú; lrñka udkj rEmj, o< igyka we| olajhs'
• ueá udOH Ndú; lrñka uQ¾;s ks¾udKh l< yelsnj ms<.s ksh's
• ueá udOHfhka uQ¾;shla l%udkql+, f,i f.dv k.hs'
• WmlrK (Tools) ksj/Èj Ndú; lrhs'
• j¾K .ekaùfuka uQ¾;sfha pu;aldrh jeä ÈhqKq lrhs'
81
weuqKu
q 5'1'3'1
• udkj ls%hdldrlula oelafjk rEmhl o< igykla we| .kak'

• ueá fyd¢ka moï lr .kak'
• ,S mqjrej u; wjYH yev tlsfkl tl;= lrñka udkj rEm wdlD;sh f.dv k.d
.kak'
• miqj bj;a l< yels fia >klï lïì l+rla ta ueÈka ;nkak'
• WmlrK (Tools) Ndú; lrñka ks¾udKh ksud lrkak'
• ks¾udKh fyd¢ka úh`MKq miqj j¾K lr ks¾udKfha w,xldrh jeä lr .kak'
82
ksmK
q ;dj 6'0 ( wd.ñl yd ixialD;sl wx." foia úfoia f;dard .;a
Ys,amSkaf.a l,d ks¾udK" woH;k oDIH l,d lD;s yd
ck udOH weiqfrka y÷kd .;a l,d wx. ms<sn|j
wOHhkh lrhs'
ksmqK;d uÜgu 6'1 ( rEmjdyskS udOH ;=< olakg we;s <ud jevigykaj, l,d
wx. w.hhs'
lsh
% dldrlu 6'1'1 ( <ud kdgH yd ne¢ ks¾udK wx. w.huq'
.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( • weuqKuq 6'1'1'1 g we;=<;a .fõIK$ld¾h Wmfoia m;sl

% d
msgm;a wjYH muK
• weuqKqu 6'1'1'2 g we;=<;a lshùï m;s%ld wjYH muK
• <uqka i|yd f;dard .;a WÑ; <ud kdgHj, msgm;a lrk
,o o¾Yk$ld,Sk jeo.;a lñka hq;= úldYkh jk <ud
fg,s kdgHh$iS'ã'$ùäfhda mg
• mß.Kl" rEmjdysks"VCD yd DVD hka;%
• <ud kdgHj, úúO wjia:d iys; PdhdrEm yd
mqj;am;a msx;+r
% dj,sh(
mshjr 6'1'1'1 ( • <uqka i|yd WÑ;" f;dard .;a fg,skdgHj, má.;
lrk ,o o¾Yk isiqkag keröug wjia:dj
i,iajkak'
• <ud kdgHj, úúO wjia:d iys; Pdhdrem isiqkag
fmkajkak'
• rEmjdyskS udOH wdYs%;j úldYkh jk úúO <ud
kdgH ms<sn|j isiqkaf.ka úuikak'
fufyhjkak'
• <ud kdgH i|yd úúO f;aud fhdod .kakdnj'

• <ud kdgHj, úúO pß;dx. oelsh yelsnj'
• l,d;aul jákdlula iys; <ud kdgH ks¾udKh
jknj'
• l,d;aul jákdlula iys;j <ud kdgHh
ks¾udKh lsrf
S ï § ta i|yd Ñ;%uh .=Kdx.
ks¾udKYS,j
S fhdod f.k we;snj'
^ñks;;
a = 20 hs&
83
mshjr 6'1'1'2 ( • iqÿiq mßÈ isiqka lKavdhï lsysmhlg fnokak'
• isiq lKavdhï fj; weuqKqu 6'1'1'1 g we;=<;a
.fõIK$ld¾h Wmfoia m;s%ldj fnod fokak'
• weuqKqu 6'1'1'2 g we;=<;a lshùï m;s%ldj isiqkag ,nd
fokak'
• ld,Sk jeo.;alñka hq;= úldYkh jk <ud fg,s
kdgHhl iS'ã'$ùäfhda o¾Yk mx;sfha isik q ga keröug
wjia:dj i,ikak'
• tu o¾Yk yd lshùï m;sl % dj wdYs;
% j wod< lsh
% dldrlïj,
ksr;ùug wjYH Wmfoia yd u`. fmkaùu ,nd fokak'
• isiq wkdjrK mx;shg bÈßm;a lsÍug iQodkï lrjkak'
^ñks;; a = 40 hs&
mshjr 6'1'1'3 ( • lKavdhïj, isiq wkdjrK mka;shg bÈßm;a lsÍug

wjia:dj ,nd fokak'
• lKavdhï wkdjrK ms<n s |j ixj¾Okd;aul woyia
m%ldY lsÍug isiqkag wjia:dj ,nd fokak'
• my; i|yka lreKq wjOdrKh jk fia

iudf,dapkhl fhfokak'
• <ud fg,s kdgHj, úúO l,d wx. olakg ,efnk

nj'
• úúO l,d wx. w;r Ñ;%uh .=Kdx. iys;j miqìï
ks¾udKh" rx. jia;%dNrK iy fõI ksremKh"
fhdod .kakdnj'
• miqìï ks¾udK jYfhka l:d wka;¾.;fha úúO
isÿùï i|yd wjYH jk úúO mdßißl ;;a;aj
f.dvke.Sug isÿfjknj'
• fõI ksrEmKfhka úúO pß;j, iajNdj
f.dvke.Su i|yd wjYH fjia .ekaùu isÿlrk
nj'
• tla tla pß;j,g wjYH we÷ïme<÷ï ks¾udK
lsÍu" rx. jia;%dNrK ks¾udKh hkqfjka
y÷kajknj'
• <ud fg,s kdgHhl fi!kao¾h yd ks¾udKd;aul
nj j¾Okh i|yd kegqï" .ehqï" jehqï jeks l,d
wx. o Ndú; jknj'
84
• fujeks úúO l,d wx. ks¾udKYS,Sj Ndú;
lsßfuka id¾:l <ud fg,s kdgH ks¾udKh l<
yelsnj'
^ñks;;
a = 20 hs&
• rEmjdyskS udOH wdh;k u.ska úldYkh jk <ud fg,s kdgH kï lrhs'

• <ud fg,s kdgHj, is;a .;a wjia:d idlÉPd lrhs'
• <ud kdgHj, l,d ,laIK j.= .; lrhs'
• <ud fg,s kdgHj, l,d wx. ms<sn| ,nd .;a oekqu fjk;a lghq;= i|yd Wmfhda.S
lr .ksh's
• jvd;a WÑ; foa f;dard .kshs'
85
weuqKu
q 6'1'1'1
• ld,Skj úldYkh jk <uhskag WÑ; f;dard .;a <ud fg,s kdgHj, má.; l<
o¾Yk yd Pdhdrem fyd¢ka ksÍlaIKh lrkak'
• tajdfha oelafjk úúO l,d wx. ms<sn|j idlÉPd lrkak'
• <ud fg,skdgHj, Ñ;%uh .=Kdx. iys; l,d wx. fyd¢ka ksÍlaIKh lrkak'
• .=rejrhdf.a Wmfoia u; lKavdhï lsyms hlg fnfokak'
• lshùï m;sl% dj wOHhkh lrñka mx;sfha keröug wjia:dj ,o <ud fg,skdgHla yd
Tn lKavdhu leu;s <ud fg,s kdgHhla f;dard my; i|yka j.=j iïmQ¾K lrkak'
fg,s kdgHfha miqìï rx. jia;%dNrK fõI ksrEmKh wx. rpkh kegqï" .ehqï
ku ks¾udKh we÷ïme<÷ï jehqï
miq;, Ndú;h
o¾Yk
i.
ii.
• lKavdhï wkdjrK mka;shg bÈßm;a lsÍug iQodkï jkak'
86
weuqKu
q 6'1'1'2
lshùï m;sl
% dj
• <ud fg,s kdgH wdYs%;j úúO l,d wx. oelsh yels fõ' tu l,d wx. w;r Ñ;%uh
.=Kdx. iys; o¾Yk ;, f;dard .ekSu" fõI ksrEmKh" wx. rpkh yd we÷ï ks¾udKh
kdgHfha w¾:h jvd;a ;Sj% lsÍug Ndú; lrhs'
• <ud kdgHhl l;d wka;¾.;fha úúO isÿùï i|yd wjYHjk miq;,h ilia lr
.ekSu miqìï ks¾udKh fõ' fuys § miq;, ks¾udK jYfhka iajNdúl o¾Yk
f;dard .ekSu yd lD;su o¾Yk ;, o ks¾udKYS,j
S f.dvke.Su oelsh yels h'
• kdgHhl l,d wx.hla jk fõI ksrEmKh f,i y÷kajkafka úúO pß;j, iajNdjhka
f.dvke.Su i|yd fhdod .kakd we÷ï me<÷ï yd fjia .ekaùuhs'
• wx. rpkfha§ kdgHhl pß;j, iajNdjh yd yeisÍï wjOdkhg .kq ,efí' hïlsis
pß;hla f.dvke.Su i|yd wjYH tu pß;hg wh;a .;s ,laIK l;d ú,di fï
u`.ska y÷kd .; yels fõ'
• <ud kdgHhl fi!kao¾h yd ks¾udKd;aulnj j¾Okh i|yd miqìï ix.S;h fuka

u kegqï" .ehqï" jehqï jeks l,d wx.o Ndú; fõ'
• fujeks úúO l,d wx. ks¾udKYS,j

S fhdod .ekSfuka kdgHfha f;audj b;d rij;aj"
wdl¾YkSh f,i yd w¾:j;aj ksrEmKh lsÍug yelshdj ,efí'
87
ksmK
q ;dj 6'0 ( wd.ñl yd ixialD;sl wx. foia úfoia f;dard .;a Ys,m
a k
S fa .a
l,d ks¾udK" woH;k oDIH l,d lD;s yd ck udOH
weiqfrka y÷kd .;a l,d wx. ms<ns |j wOHhkh lrhs'
wx. w.hhs'
lsh
% dldrlu 6'1'2 ( rElv ks¾udK ri ú¢uq'
.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( • weuqKu

q 6'1'2'1g we;=<;a .fõIK$ld¾h Wmfoia m;sl % d
msgm;a wjYH muK
• má.; lrk ,o <uhskg a WÑ; f;dard .;a rElv iS'ã"
ùäfhda mg
• rEmjdyskS" VCD yd DVD hka;% mß.Kl hka;%
• rElvj, rEm igyka yd PdhdrEm
• w;a rElv ks¾udKh lsÍug wjYH øjH

mshjr 6'1'2'1 ( • ks¾udKh lr .;a w;a rElv p,kh lrñka mx;sfha
<uqkag m%o¾Ykh lrkak'
• <uhskag WÑ;" má.; lrk ,o rElv o¾Yk isiqkag
keröug wjia:dj i,ikak'
• my; lreKq u;= lrñka idlÉPdjla fufyhjkak'
• w;a rElv" kQ,a rElv" yd umÜ rElv f,i rElv

ks¾udKh jknj'
• remjdyskS udOH ;=< w;a rElv yd umÜ rElv b;d
ckmsh % ù we;snj'
• kQ,a relv mdrïmßlj mej; tk l,djla nj'
• úúO ft;sydisl yd ld,Sk l;d jia;= yd isoê
a j,g
we;=<;a pß; rElv u`.k s a ks¾udKh lrknj'
• rElv l,dj <uqkag fuka u jeäysáhkag o
ridiajdohla f.k fok iqúfYaIS l,d wx.hlanj'
^ñks;;
a = 20 hs&
88
mshjr 6'1'2'2 ( • isiqka lKavdhï lsysmhlg fnokak'
m;s%ldj isiqkag ,nd fokak'
• isiqka wod< ls%hdldrlïj, iqÿiq mßÈ fhdojkak'
• isiq wkdjrK mx;shg bÈßm;a lsÍug iQodkï
lrjkak'
^ñks;;
a = 40 hs&
mshjr 6'1'2'3 ( • lKavdhïj, isiq wkdjrK mka;shg bÈßm;a lsÍug

wjia:dj ,nd fokak'
• isiqkag iajhx woyia m%ldY lsÍug wjia:dj ,nd
fokak'
• fiiq lKavdhïj,g wkdjrK ms<n s |j ixj¾Okd;aul
woyia m%ldY lsÍug wjia:dj i,ikak'
• rElv ks¾udK i|yd úúO øjH Ndú;

flfrknj'
• rElv ks¾udKh i|yd fõÈld ks¾udK yd miq;,
ks¾udK b;d jeo.;a jknj'
• miqìï ix.S;h" .S;" fonia" wdf,dallrKh hk
wx. rElv ks¾udKj, .=Kd;aulnj j¾Okh i|yd
Ndú; jknj'
• rElv ks¾udKh úfkdaodiajdoh f.k fok l,d
udOHhlanj'
• ir, øjH Ndú; lr w;a rElv ks¾udKh l< yels
nj'
^ñks;;
a = 20 hs&
• rEmjdyskS udOH ;=< úldYkh jk ckms%h rElv ks¾udK ms<sn|j idlÉPd lrhs'
• relv ks¾udKj, l,d wx. úia;r lrhs'
• w;a rElv ks¾udKh lr ls%hd lrjhs'
• rElv keröug fm<fUhs'
• mdrïmßl rElv l,dj w.h lrhs'
89
weuqKu
q ( 6'1'2'1
• mx;sfha m%o¾Ykh lrk w;a rElv ks¾udK" má.; l< rElv o¾Yk yd rEm igyka
fyd¢ka ksÍlaIKh lrkak'
• úúO rElv j¾. y÷kd f.k tajdfha úúO l,d wx.hka ms<sn| idlÉPd lrkak'
• .=re;=ud$;=ñh iu`. ;u woyia olajñka Bg iyNd.s jkak'
• .=re;=udf.a$;=ñhf.a Wmfoia u; lKavdhï jkak'
• Tng myiqfjka imhd .; yels øjH Ndú; lr w;a rElvhla ks¾udKh lrkak'
• ks¾udKh lr.;a w;a rElv mx;shg bÈßm;a lrñka ridiajdofha fhfokak'
90
ksmqK;dj 6'0 ( wd.ñl yd ixialD;sl wx." foia úfoia f;dard .;a
Ys,amSkaf.a l,d ks¾udK" woH;k oDIH l,d lD;s yd
ckudOH weiqfrka y÷kd .;a l,d wx. ms<n
s |j wOHhkh
lrhs'
wx. w.hhs'
lsh
% dldrlu 6'1'3 ( ldgQka ks¾udK riú¢uq'

m;s%ld msgm;a
• <uqka i|yd WÑ; f;dard .;a ldgqka jev igykaj,
má.; lrk ,o o¾Yk"
• <uqkaf.a ms%h;u ldgqka ks¾udKhl iSã$ùäfhda mg
• mß.Kl" VCD yd DVD hka;%" rEmjdyskS hka;%
• ldgqka rEm oelafjk iaál¾" rEm igyka
• lvodis" mekai,a" mEka" äuhs lvodis" meiag,a" f*,aÜ
mEka
% dj,sh(
mshjr 6'1'3'1 ( • má.; lrk ,o <uqka i|yd WÑ; f;dard .;a ldgqka
jev igykaj, o¾Yk isiqkag keröug wjia:dj
i,iajkak'
• ldgqka remj, iaál¾" rEm igyka isiqkag ksÍlaIKh
lsÍug fhduq lr jkak'
• rEmjdysKS udOH ;=< úldYkh jk isikq a jvd;a leu;s
ldgqka ks¾udK ms<sn|j úuikak'
• my; lreKq u;= lrñka idlÉPdjla fufyhjkak'
• ldgqka ks¾udK i|yd úúO f;aud Ndú; lrknj'

• ldgqka ks¾udK <ud ukig WÑ;j ir,j yd
wdl¾YKSh f,i ks¾udKh lr we;snj'
• ldgqka ks¾udKj, l:d wka;¾.;h ydiH" úYauh"
w;sYfhdal; a h
s " wNjH hk isÿùïj,ska hq;j
= f.dv
ke.S we;snj'
• ldgqka ks¾udK ;=<ska Ôú;hg úúO wdo¾Yhla
,efnknj'
^ñks;;
a = 20 hs&
91
mshjr 6'1'3'2 ( • isiqka lKavdhï lr wjYH WmlrK ,nd fokak'
• weuqKu q 6'1'3'1 g we;=<;a .fõIK$ ld¾h m;sl % dj
,nd fokak'
• <uqka i|yd WÑ; f;dard.;a ldgqka ks¾udKhl iSã"
ùäfhda o¾Yk isiqkag keröu i|yd wjia:dj
i,iajkak'
• krUk ,o ldgqka o¾Yk yd lshùï m;sl % dj wdYs;% j
wod< lsh% dldrlïj, ksr; ùug isikq a fhduq lrjkak'
• wjYH Wmfoia yd u`. fmkaùu ,nd fokak'
• isiq wkdjrK mx;shg bÈßm;a lsÍug iQodkï
lrjkak'
^ñks;a;= 40&
mshjr 6'1'3'3 ( • isiq lKavdhu úiska ,nd.;a wkdjrK mx;shg bÈßm;a

lsÍug wjia:dj ,nd fokak'
• wkdjrK ms<ns | iajhx we.hsulg wjia:dj ,nd
fokak'
• lKavdhï wkdjrK ms<n s |j ixj¾Okd;aul woyia
bÈßm;a lsÍug isiqkag wjia:dj ,nd fokak'
fhfokak'
• ldgqka ks¾udKj, úúO Ñ;%uh ,laIK oelsh

yelsnj'
• úúO l,d ,laIK w;r ir, yd jHqla; yev"
oaúudk yd ;s%udK ,laIK iys; j¾K" f¾Ld
lrKh oelsh yelsnj'
• ir, yd jHqla; yev;, iys; ks¾udKh lrk ,o
rEm iÔù lrKhg ,la lsÍfuka ldgqka ks¾udKh
lr we;snj'
• ldgqka ks¾udK ;=< Wmydih" úYauh ksrEmKh
lsÍu i|yd w;sYfhdal;a f
s hka hq;j
= yd wNjH f,i
isÿùï bÈßm;a lr we;snj'
• ldgqka ks¾udK i|yd ydiH" úYauh u;= lsÍug
ukao.dó p,k (slowmotion) yd wêfõ.S p,k
(fastmotion) Ndú; flfrknj'
• <ud ukig WÑ; yd wdl¾YKSh yev;, j¾K
rgd Ndú; lr we;snj'
• fonia" miqìï ix.S;h yd .S; ks¾udK ldgqka
ks¾udKj, id¾:l;ajh i|yd fhdod .kakd nj'
92
• rEmjdyskS udOH wdYs%;j úldYkh jk ldgqka ks¾udK kï lrhs'

• ldgqka ks¾udKj, is;a .;a wjia:d idlÉPd lrhs'
• is;a .;a ldgqka rEm w¢hs'
• WÑ; ks¾udK f;dard f.k ridiajdoh lrhs'
• ir,nj w.h lrhs'
weuqKu
q 6'1'3'1
.fõIK $ld¾h Wmfoia m;s%ldj
• má.; lrk ,o ldgqka o¾Yk yd rEm igyka iaál¾ yd PdhdrEm fyd¢ka ksÍlaIKh
lrkak'
• tajdfha oelafjk úúO l,d wx. ms<sn|j idlÉPd lrkak'
• .=re;=ud$;=ñh iu`. ;u woyia olajñka Bg iyNd.s jkak'
• .=rejrhdf.a Wmfoia u; lKavdhï j,g fnfokak'
• Tn lKavdhu úiska my; olajd we;s m%YKa j,g ms<;
s =re imhkak'
i. mx;sfha Tn krUk ,o ldgqka ks¾udKfha oelsh yels úúO Ñ;%uh

,laIK yd l,d wx. kï lrkak'
ii. Tn lKavdhu úiska jvd;a ms%hlrk ldgqka ks¾udKhla kï lrkak'
iii. tu ks¾udKfha oelsh yels Ñ;%uh ,laIK kï lrkak'
iv. ldgqka ks¾udKhl is;a .;a wjia:djla Ñ;%Kh lrkak'
• Tnf.a lKavdhï wkdjrK yd ks¾udK mka;shg bÈßm;a lsÍug iQodkï lr .kak'
93
ksmK
q ;dj 6'0 ( wd.ñl yd ixialD;sl wx. foia úfoia f;dard .;a Ys,m
a k
S fa .a
l,d ks¾udK" woH;k" oDIH l,d lD;s yd ck udOH
weiqfrka y÷kd .;a l,d wx. ms<ns |j wOHhkh lrhs'
ksmqK;d uÜgu 6'2 ( <ud Ñ;% ks¾udK w.hhs'
lsh
% dldrlu 6'2'1 ( wjq' 12 olajd <uqkaf.a Ñ;% ks¾udK ri ú¢uq'

m;s%ld msgm;a wjYH muK
• wjq' 12 olajd <uqkaf.a Ñ;% ks¾udK lSmhla
• <ud Ñ;% i|yd Ndú; jk rEm" yev;, iys; kso¾Yk
igyka
• A4 lvodis" äuhs lvodis" mekai,a" mEka

mshjr 6'2'1'1 ( • wjq' 12 olajd jQ <ud Ñ;% ks¾udK mx;sfha isiqkag
m%o¾Ykh lrkak'
• <ud Ñ;%j, oelsh yels yev;, iys; kso¾Yk rEm
igyka fmkajkak'
• m%o¾Ykh lrk ,o Ñ;% ks¾udK yd kso¾Yk rem igyka
weiqfrka <ud ks¾udKj, iqúfYaI;d úuikak'
• my; lreKq u;= lrñka idlÉPdjla ksr; jkak'
• ;u jgmsgdj yd mßirh wdYs%; f;aud hgf;a Ñ;%

we£ug <uqka reÑ lrknj'
• wjq' 12 g wvq <uqka Ñ;% we£fï § iajNdúl yd
;d;aúl rEm ks¾udKhg jvd ir< rEm ks¾udKfha
fhfoknj'
^ñks;;
a = 20 hs&
94
mshjr 6'2'1'2 ( • isiqka lKavdhï lrkak'
m;s%ldj fnod fokak'
• isiq lKavdhï iqÿiq mßÈ wod< ls%hdldrlïj,
fhdojkak'
• wod< lsh% dldrlï i|yd Wmfoia yd u`. fmkaùu ,nd
fokak'
• isiq wkdjrK mka;hs g bÈßm;a lsÍug iQodkï lrjkak'
^ñks;;
a = 40 hs&
mshjr 6'2'1'3 ( • isiq lKavdhïj, wkdjrK mx;shg bÈßm;a lsÍug

wjia:dj ,nd fokak'
• lKavdhï wkdjrK ms<n s | ixj¾Okd;aul woyia m%ldY
lsÍug isiqkag wjia:dj ,nd fokak'
• wjq' 12 olajd jQ <ud Ñ;%j, úúO iqúfYaI ks¾udK

,laIK oelsh yelsnj'
• ;u jgmsgdj wdYs%; ir, jia;= úIhhka ks¾udK
i|yd Ndú; lrknj'
• <ud ks¾udKj, uq,a u wjêh ;=< ir, yev
ks¾udKh lsru S oelsh yelsnj'
• rEm ks¾udKh ;=< ir, yev;, fhdod .ekSu fiau
j¾K §ma;u s ;aj wñY%j fhdod .kakdnj'
• miqj b;d úia;rd;aulj ;u jgmsgdj Ñ;%Kh
lsÍug fm<fUknj'
• f¾Ld Woafhda.su;aj Ndú; flfrknj'
• ;ukag wdfõKsl f,i f.dvk`.k rEm yd j¾K
f¾Ld Ndú;h ;=< wjHdcj ye`.Sï ksrEmKh
flfrknj'
^ñks;;
a = 20&
95
• <ud Ñ;%j, jk iqúfYaIS ,laIK úia;r lrhs'

• <ud Ñ;%j, ks¾udKh lsÍfï§ ir, wjia:d" yev;, yd j¾K" f¾Ld Ndú; lrk nj
ms<.
s ksh's
• <ud Ñ;% ms<n
s |j ridiajdohla lrhs'
• <ud Ñ;% riú¢ñka w.hhs'
• lKavdhï ye`.f S uka lghq;= lrhs'
weuqKu
q 6'2'1'1
• .=re;=ud úiska m%o¾Ykh lrk wjq' 12 wvq <uqkaf.a Ñ;% ks¾udK fyd¢ka
ksÍlaIKh lrkak'
• <ud Ñ;%j, Ndú; rEmj, kso¾Yk igyka ms<sn|j wOHhkh lrkak'
• .=re;=ud iu`. ;u woyia olajñka tajdfha iqúfYaI;d ms<ns |j idlÉPd lrkak'
• .=rejrhdf.a Wmfoia u; lKavdhï lsym s hlg fnfokak'
• my; wid we;s m%YK a j,g ms<;
s r
= e imhkak'
i. .=re;=ud fmkajk ,o ks¾udKj,ska Tn jvd;a leu;s <ud ks¾udKh f;dard

.kak' tu ks¾udKhg leu;sùug fya;= fudkjdoehs kï lrkak'
ii. <ud ks¾udKhl Tn yÿkd.kakd úfYaI ,laIK kï lrkak'
• Tnf.a wkdjrK mka;shg bÈßm;a lsÍug iQodkï lrkak'
96
ksmK
q ;dj 7'0 ( foaYh
S yd úfoaYh
S ft;sydisl Ñ;% uQ¾;s yd .Dy ks¾udK
l,djkaf.a .=Kd;aulnj úu¾Ykh lr iaj;ka;% ks¾udK
i|yd Ndú;hg .ksh's
ksmqK;d uÜgu 7'1 ( YS% ,xldfõ ft;sydisl ia:Qm ks¾udK wOHhkh lrhs'
lsh
% dldrlu 7'1'1 ( od.eí jreK
.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( • weuqKqu 7'1'1'1 g we;=<;a ld¾h$.fõIK Wmfoia

m;s%ld
• weuqKu q 7'1'1'2 we;=<;a lshùï m;sl% d
• weuqKu q 7'1'1'3 g we;=<;a ld¾h$.fõIK Wmfoia m;sl
% d
• weuqKu q 7'1'1'4 g we;=<;a lshùï m;sl% d
• l=vd ia:Qmhl wdlD;shla
• YS% ,xldfõ b¢lr we;s úúO ia:Qm ks¾udK iys;
PdhdrEm$msk; a r
+ m;a
• äuhs lvodis" fm,aÜ mEka" .ïfÜma

mshjr 7'1'1'1 ( • ia:Qm wdlD;sh iy ia:Qm ks¾udK iys; PdhdrEm
isiqkag m%o¾Ykh lrkak'
• ia:Qm ks¾udK ms<n| isiqkaf.a fmr oekqu úuikak'
fufyhjkak'
• ia:Qmh hkq nqÿrcdKkajykafiaf.a YdÍßl Od;= yd

Wkajykafia mßyrKh lrk ,o jia;= ;ekam;a lr
f.dvke.+ mQckSh iaudrl úfYaIhlanj'
• ia:mQ h l,d;aul wx. rdYshlska fyì ks¾udKhlanj'
• YS% ,xldfõ bÈ ù we;s fndfyda ia:Qm ks¾udK i|yd
rdcH wkq.y% h ,eî we;snj'
^ ñks;;
a = 15 hs&
97
mshjr 7'1'1'2 ( • mka;sfha isiqka lKavdhï ;=klg fnokak'
• weuqKqu 7'1'1'1 g we;=<;a ld¾h m;s%ld iy weuqKqï
7'1'1'2 g we;=<;a lshùï m;s%ld lKavdhïj,g fnod
fokak'
• äuhs lvodis" f*,aÜ mEka fnod fokak'
• lKavdhïj,g wod< f;aud hgf;a isik q a lsh
% dldrlfï
ksr; lrjkak'
• lKavdhï wkdjrK bÈßm;a lsÍug iqodkï lrjkak'
^ñks;;
a = 50 hs&
mshjr 7'1'1'3 ( • lKavdhï wkdjrK iuia; mka;shg bÈßm;a lsÍug

wjia:dj ,nd fokak'
• m%:u úia;drKh i|yd bÈßm;a l< lKavdhug
wjia:dj ,nd fokak'
• wfkla lKavdhfï ixj¾Okd;aul woyia úuikak'
fhfokak'
• ls%'mQ' 03 ishjfia nqÿiuh m<uq jrg YS% ,xldjg

y÷kajd §fuka miqj f.dv k.k ,o m%:u ia:Qmh
:Qmdrduh nj'
• :Qmdrdufha uq,a yevh OdkHdldr jk w;r miq
lf,l isÿ l< m%;sixialrKfhka >KaGdldr
yevh f.k we;snj'
• j¾;udk Wi wä 63 la jk w;r úYalïNh wä 59
la jknj'
• :Qmdrduh i|yd jgod f.hla b¢lr ;snn Q j oekg
ffp;H jgd fYaIj we;s Ys,d ia;ïNhkaf.ka
meyeÈ,s jknj'
• tu Ys,d ia;ïN YS¾I b;d l,d;aul leghïj,ska
irid we;snj'
• wkqrdOmqr hq.hg wh;a rejkaje,s uyd iEh ls%'mQ'
161-137 w;r rc l< ÿgq.euqKq rc;=ud úiska
lrjQnj'
• ia:m
Q h ksu lsÍug m%:u ÿgq.euqKq rc;=udf.a wNdjh
isÿjQfhka Tyqf.a u,Kqjka jQ ioaOd;siia rcq úiska
uyd :Qmh bÈ lsÍï iïmQ¾K lrk ,onj'
98
• rejkaje,siEh" uyd:Qmh" iaj¾Kud,S ffp;H hk
kï j,ska y÷kajknj'
• uyd:Qmfha p;=ri%dldr fõÈldj jgd l,d;aul we;a
mjqrla ks¾udKh fldg we;snj'
• ffp;Hfhys i;r me;af;ys úúO leghñka w,xldr
jQ jdy,alv i;rla we;snj'
• W;=re ffp;H" wnd.sß" nhd.sß kïj,ska wNh.sß
od.en y÷kajknj'
• ls%'mQ' 01 ishjfia jÜg.dñKS wNh ^j,.ïnd& rcq
úiska ks¾udKh lrk ,o od.enlanj'
• j¾;udkfha Wi wä 235 yd úYalïNh wä 310la
nj'
• uq,a wjÈfha fld;a le/,a, fjkqjg c;%dj,shla
iy hqm ia;ïNhla ;snn Q j'
• .sß kï ks.kaGhd úiQ wdrduh ;snQ ia:dk fha
wNh.sß úydrh lrjQnj'
• fuh wguia:dkhg wh;a ia:dkhlanj'
• ixL ksê iy moau ksê hhs nysrj rEm iys; uqr.,a
folla fuu ia:dkfha msúfik fodrgqj wNshi
oelsh yelsnj'
^ñks;;
a = 25 hs&
mshjr 7'1'1'4 ( • mka;sfha isiqka kej; lKavdhï follg fnokak'

• weuqKu q 7'1'1'4 we;=<;a lshùï m;s%ld fnod fokak'
• weuqKïq 7'1'1'3 we;=<;a ld¾h m;s%ld fnod fokak'
• äuhs lvodis" f*,aÜ mEka fnod fokak'
• lKavdhïj,g wod< f;aud hgf;a lsh % dldrlïys ksr;
lrjkak'
• lKavdhï wkdjrK iuia; mka;shg bÈßm;a lsÍug
iQodkï lrjkak'
^ñks;;
a = 50 hs&
mshjr 7'1'1'5 ( • lKavdhï wkdjrK mka;h s g bÈßm;a lsÍug wjia:dj

,nd fokak'
• bÈßm;a l< lKavdhug m%:u úia;drKh i|yd wjia:dj
,nd fokak'
• wksla lKavdhïj, ixj¾Okd;aul woyia úuikak'
99
• úIh lreKq j.= .; lr .ekSug ish¨ u isik
q a fhduq
lrjkak'
• my; i|yka lreKq u;= lrñka iudf,dapkhl ksr;
jkak'
• fmdf<dkakrefõ wd,dyk msßfjka N+ñhg hdnoj

rkafld;a fjfyr msyg s d we;snj'
• tys we;s Ys,d f,aLkhl fuu ffp;H b¢ lrkq
,enqfõ ksYY a xl u,a, rc;=ud nj igyka ù we;snj'
• Wiska wä 200 la yd mdofhys jg m%udKh wä 186 la
nj'
• fuu ffp;H nqínq,dldr yevfhka hqla;nj'
• od.efnys y;/ia fldgqfõ iEu uqyK q ;l u iQ¾hhd
ixfla;j;a jk pl% we;snj'
• rkafld;a fjfyr i;r me;af;a u,a,shlïj,ska
w,xldr jQ jy,alv i;rla we;snj'
• YS% ,xldfõ w;S;fha § udhd rg kñka ye|ska jQ
m%foaYfha ngysr Èidfõ le,Ks .x bjqf¾ le,Ks
ia:m Q h msygs d we;snj'
• nqÿrcdKka jykafia nqoaO;ajfhka wgjk jif¾§
le,Kshg jev uKs wlaÅ; kd rcq m%uqL msßig
O¾u foaYkd l< ia:dkfha" Wkajykafia jev isá
ñKs m,`. ;ekam;a lr ffp;Hh bÈ fldg we;snj'
• le,Ks od.en lrjd we;af;a hgd, ;siai kï
m%dfoaYh S rfcl= úiskn a j'
• ls'% mQ' 03 ishjfia § muK fuu ffp;Hh ks¾udKh
lr we;snj'
• fidf<diauia:dkhg wh;a úydria:dkhlanj'
• od.efí uq`M Wi wä 90 lanj'
• u,iqka iys; jdy,alv i;rla od.en i;r Èidfõ
olakg we;snj'
^ñks;;
a = 20 hs&
100
• YS% ,xldfõ bÈlr we;s iqúfYaIS ia:Qm ks¾udK kï lrhs'

• foaYh S ixialD;sh yd ine¢ úYsIG
a ks¾udK wx. y÷kd f.k tajdfha we;s l,d;aul
jákdlï w.h lrhs'
• ia:mQ j, úfYaI;d j.= .; lrhs'
• id¾:l ikaksfõok ls%hdj,shl ksr; ùfuka lKavdhï lghq;= fyd¢ka bgq lr
.ksh's
• Wmfoia ksjerÈj wkq.ukh lrñka ls%hdldrlul ksr; fjhs'
101
weuqKu
q 7'1'1'1
• weuqKqu 7'1'1'2 g we;=<;a lshùfï m;s%ld fyd¢ka lshjd f;areï .kak'

• äuhs lvodis iy f*,aÜ mEka Ndú; lr my; i|yka j.=j msgm;a lr .kak'
• ia:Qm PdhdrEm ksÍlaIKh lrkak'
• lKavdhfï ish¨ fokd iu. idlÉPd lrñka ;u lKavdhug wod< ia:m Q ks¾udKh
ms<n
s | my; i|yka j.=j iïmQ¾K lrkak'
1 lKavdhu - :Qmdrdu od.en

11 lKavdhu - rejkaje,s uyd iEh
111 lKavdhu - wNh.sß od.en
ia:m
Q h hq.h ld,h wkq.y% h yevh Wi ia:Qmh ia:qmfha ft;sydisl
oelajQ wdYs%; úfYaIs; jákdlu
rc;=ud úfYaI l,d
ks¾udK ,laIK
wx.
:Qmdrduh
rejkaje,siEh
wNh.sß od.en
• j.=.; lrk ,o lreKq ms<n

s |j ie,ls,us ;a fjñka ia:m
Q ks¾udKj, we;s úfYaI;d
úuid n,kak'
• lKavdhï wkdjrK iuia; mka;shg bÈßm;a lsÍug iQodkï jkak'
• wfkl=;a lKavdhï bÈßm;a l< ia:Qm ks¾udK ms<sn| lreKq Tn lKavdhug wh;a
j.=fõ igyka lr .kak'
102
weuqKu
q 7'1'1'2
lshùï m;%l
s dj
:qmdrdu od.en
• ,laÈj bÈl< m<uq od.en :Qmdrdu od.enhs'

• ls%'mQ' 03 ishjfia foajdkïmsh;sii
a rc;=ud úiska bÈlr we;'
• wkqrdOmqr hq.hg wh;a h'
• nqÿrcdKka jykafiaf.a ol=Kq wl=Od;=j fuys ;ekam;a lr we;s nj jxY l:dj,
i|yka fõ'
• ia:Qmfha yevh >KaGdldr fõ'
• ia;m + h bÈ lsÍfuka miq úúO ld, jljdkqj, rc l< rcjreka úiska tys m%;i
s xialrK
lghq;= yd Bg úúO bÈ lsÍï tl;= lr we;'
• j¾;udk ia:Qmh úYalïNh wä 164 1$2 la jQ ljdldr fõÈldjla u; fmdf<dj
uÜgfuka wä 11'4 la Wiska msysgd we;'
• ia;+mfha Wi wä 63 la yd úYalïNh wä 59 la fõ'
• ,Êð;siai rc;=ud úiska ffp;H jgfldg Od;= >rhla ^jgod f.hla& f.dv k`.k
,§'
• tu jgod f.hs oekg fYaIj we;s .,alKq Ys¾I leghï lr we;'
• fuu .,a l=`MKq u; YsLrhlska hq;a w¾O f.da,dldr mshiaila ;sfnkakg we;'
• :Qmdrduh wguia:dk w;r jeo.;a mQckSh ia:dkhls'
103
rejkaje,s uyd iEh
• wkqrdOmqr hq.hg wh;a rejkaje,s uyd iEh ÿgq.euqKq rc;=ud úiska lrjQjls'
• fuu ia:Qmh nqínq,dldr yevfhka hqla; h'
• ia:Qmh fmaidj<¨ 03 lska iukaú; h'
• ia:Qmfha lghq;= ksu ùug fmr ÿgq.euqKq rc;=udf.a wNdjh isÿ jQ w;r Tyqf.a
fidfydhqre jQ ioaOd;sii
a rc;=ud tys bÈ lsÍï o we;a mjqr yd iqÿ msßhï wd§ lghq;=
o iïmQ¾K lr we;'
• miqld,Sk j YS% ,xldfõ rcl< rcjreka úiska ia:mQ fha m%;is xialrK lghq;= yd thg
úúO ks¾udK wx. tla lsÍu lrk ,È'
• ia:Qmfha Wi wä 350 la yd úYalïNh wä 300 ls'
• fuu ffp;Hfha we;s m<s`.=j iys; fld; wä 25 l Wiska hqla; h'
• ia:m
Q h msyá
s p;=ri%dldr fõÈldfõ i;r me;af;a uyd :Qmfha wdlD;s we;s l=vd ia:m Q
4 la bÈ lr we;'
• ffp;H jgd we;s we;a mjqr b;d úYsIaG l,d;aul ks¾udKhls'
• od.en i;r me;af;ys we;s jdy,alv w,xldr u,a ,shlïj,ska w,xldr ù we;'
• ÿgq.euqKq rc;=udf.a m%;us dj" úydruyd foaúhf.a m%;u
s dj yd Nd;sh ;sii
a rc;=udf.a
m%;sudj" rejkaje,s iE wdlD;sh wd§ ks¾udK /ila ffp;H u¿fõ olakg we;'
104
wNh.sß od.en
• ls'% mQ' 01 Y; j¾Ifha § wNh.sß od.en jÜg.dñKS wNh ^j,.ïnd& rcq úiska b¢ lrk
,oaols'
• .sß keu;s ks.KaGdrduh ;snQ ia:dkfha fuu od.en bÈl< neúka wNh.sß jQjdhhs
lsh;s'
• fuu úydrh wguia:dkhg wh;a mQckSh ia:dkhls'
• W;a;r ffp;H" wnd.sß" nhd.sß hk kïj,ska o fuu ia:Qmh y÷kajkq ,nhs'
• ia:Qmfha Wi wä 235 ls' úYalïNh wä 310 ls'
• uq,a wjÈfha ia:m Q fha i;/ia fldgqj yd fld;a le/,a, fjkqjg c;%dj,shla iy tajd
ord isá hqmh kï ia;ïNhla ;sî we;'
• fuys we;s ks¾udK w;r wNh.sß msúiqï fodrgqj fomi we;s ixL ksê iy moau ksê
nysrj rEm fol b;d l,d;aul ks¾udKhka h'
105
weuqKu
q 7'1'1'3
.fõIK$ld¾h Wmfoia m;sl

% dj
• weuqKuq 7'1'1'4 g we;=<;a lshùï m;s%ldj fyd¢ka lshjd f;areï .kak'

• rkafld;a fjfyr iy le,Ks ia:Qmfha PdhdrEm ksÍlaIKh lrkak'
• äuhs lvodis iy f*,aÜ mEka Ndú; lr my; i|yka j.=j msgm;a lr .kak'
• lKavdhfï ish¨ fokd iu`. idlÉPd lrñka Tn lKavdhug wod< ia:m Q ks¾udKh
ms<n
s | my; i|yka j.=j iïmQ¾K lrkak'
1 lKavdhu - rkafld;a fjfyr

11 lKavdhu - le,Ks od.en
ia:Qmh hq.h ld,h wkq.%yh yevh Wi ia:Qmh ia:qmfha ft;sydisl

oelajQ wdYs%; úfYaIs; jákdlu
rc;=ud úfYaI l,d
ks¾udK ,laIK
wx.
rkafld;a
fjfyr
le,Ks
od.en
• f.dkq lrk ,o lreKq ms<sn| ie,ls,su;a fjñka ia:Qm ks¾udKfha we;s úfYaI;d
úuid n,kak'
• lKavdhfï wkdjrK iuia; mka;shg bÈßm;a lsÍug iQodkï jkak'
• wfkl=;a lKavdhï bÈßm;a lrk ia:m
Q ks¾udK ms<ns | lreKq Tn lKavdhug wh;a
j.=fõ igyka lr .kak'
106
weuqKu
q 7'1'1'4
lshùï m;sl
% dj
rkafld;a fjfyr
• fmdf<dkakrefõ w,dyk msßfjka N+ñhg ngysr foiska fuu ia:m Q h msyg

s d we;'
• fuu od.en ksYaYxl u,a, rc;=ud úiska lrjk ,o nj i|yka fõ'
• ia:Qmh Wiska wä 200 la yd mdofhys jg m%udKh wä 186 la fõ'
• fuu od.en nqínq,dldr yevfhka hql; a h'
• ffp;Hfhys wg fldfKa ms<su f.j,a wgls'
• od.efnys i;/ia fldgqfõ iEu uqyqK;l u iQ¾Hhd ixfla;j;a jk pl%
±lsh yels h'
• rkafld;a fjfyr i;r Èidfõ w,xldr u,a ,shlïj,ska hq;a jdy,alv i;rls'
107
weuqKqu 7'1'1'4
le,Ks od.en
• le,Ks .x bjqf¾ le,Ks od.en msyg s d we;'

• YS% isoaOd¾; f.!;u YdlH uqksøhka jykafia nqÿ ù wgjk j¾Ifhys uKs wlaÅ; kd
rcqf.a werhqfuka ,laosjg jevu fldg ñKsm<f`.ys jev isg oyï foiQy' tu ñKs
m<`. ;ekam;a fldg hgd, ;siai rcq úiska le,Ks ia:Qmh lrjd we;'
• ls%'mQ' 05 ishjfia muK fuu ffp;H bÈ lrkakg we;ehs úYajdi flf¾'
• fidf<diauia:dkhg wh;a úydrhls'
• od.efí uq`M Wi wä 90 ls'
• ia:Qmh OdkHdldr yevfhka hqla; h'
108
ksmqK;dj 7'0 ( foaYSh yd úfoaYSh ft;sydisl Ñ;%" uQ¾;s yd .Dy ks¾udK
i|yd Ndú;hg .ksh's
ksmqK;d uÜgu 7'2 ( YS% ,xldfõ yd hqfrdamfha m%d.a ft;sydisl hq.hkaays Ñ;%
ms<ns | wjfndaOh ,nhs'
lsh
% dldrlu 7'2'1 ( ,laÈj wdÈ jdiSkaf.a Ñ;% ks¾udK
.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( • weuqKqu 7'2'1'1 g we;=<;a ld¾h$.fõIK m;s%ld

• weuqKu q 7'2'1'2 g we;=<;a lshùï m;sl
% d
• jeoafol=f.a pß;h ksrEmKhg wjYH wx. rpk WmlrK
• jeÈ .S LKavhla we;=<;a leiÜ mghla yd leiÜ mg
Odjk hka;%hla
• lsh
% dldrlug wod< .=yd Ñ;% igyka$PdhdrEm
• äuhs lvodis" f*,aÜ mEka" .ï fÜma

mshjr 7'2'1'1 ( • mdvug msúiSug m%:u iQodkï lr .;a" jeoafol=f.a
,laIK u;= ù fmfkk mßÈ wx. rpkh l< <ufhla
jeoafol=f.a N+ñldj ksrEmKh lr fmkaùug fhduq
lrkak'
• jeÈ .S lKavhla we;=<;a leiÜ mgh jdokh lr Bg
wod< k¾;khl fh§ug wjia:dj ,nd fokak'
• l`M,E,a, Ndú; lr .=yd Ñ;% igyka lsym
s hla we§ug
tu k`M pß;h r`.mE <uhd fufyh jkak'
• .=yd Ñ;% we;=<;a PdhdrEm isik
q g
a m%o¾Ykh lrkak'
• jeÈ rx.kh ms<sn|j;a" we| fmkajk ,o Ñ;% igyka
iy PdhdrEm ms<sn|j;a isiqkaf.ka úuikak'
fufyhjkak'
• ovhu Ôjfkdamdh lr .;a udkjhd ;u ye`.ï S iy

woyia m%ldY lsÍu i|yd f,ka ì;a;j
s , fkdfhl=;a
Ñ;% igyka we¢nj'
• f,ka Ñ;%j, olakg ,efnkafka ñksiqka iy i;=ka
we;=<;a rEmnj'
109
• wd§ jdiSka Ndú; l< WmlrK ixfla;d;aul j
is;j= ï lr we;snj'
• Ñ;% we£fï § úúO WmlrK Ndú; lr we;snj'
• iajdNdúl øjHj,ska ilia lr.;a j¾K Ñ;% ks¾udK
i|yd Ndú; lr we;snj'
^ñks;;
a = 15 hs&
mshjr 7'2'1'2 ( • mka;sfha isiqka lKavdhï ;=klg fnokak'

• äuhs lvodis" f*,aÜ mEka lKavdhï ;=kg fnod
fokak'
• weuqKu q 7'2'1'1 g we;=<;a ld¾h m;sl
% d iy weuqKuq
7'2'1'2 g we;=<;a lshùï m;s%ld isiqkag fnod fokak'
• isiqka wod< ls%hdldrlfuys fhdojkak'
• lKavdhï wkdjrK mka;h s g bÈßm;a lsÍug iQodkï
lrjkak'
^ñks;;
a = 85 hs&

wjia:dj ,nd fokak'
• m%:u úia;drKh i|yd bÈßm;a l< lKavdhug wjia:dj
,nd fokak'
• my; i|yka lreKq u;= lrñka iudf,dapkh fhfokak'
• ;ka;ß
s uf,a .=yd Ñ;% m%d.a ft;sydisl hq.hg wh;anj'
• tu Ñ;% we£u i|yd iajNdúl øjHj,ska ilia
lr.;a j¾K Ndú; lr we;snj'
• ñksia rEm fuka u i;aj rE rdYshla is;=jï w;r
olakg we;snj'
• fuys we;s lKavdhï iïmsKavk Ñ;%h iqúfYaIS
ks¾udKhlanj'
• ;,f.dhd keu;s Ñ;% igyk o fuys we;s igyka
w;r m%Odk ;ekla .kakdnj'
• lE.,a, Èia;l
%s l
a fha jrldfmd< wi, fodrjl .ug
wh;aj udfoksh j;af;a we;a., .f,ys fodrjl
Ñ;% igyka we;snj'
110
• fuu Ñ;% cHdñ;sl yev .kakdnj'
• m%d.a b;sydih ms<sn| lrk ,o úúO m¾fhaIK
weiqfrka m%d.a ft;sydisl udkjhka úiQ nj;a" fuu
Ñ;% Tjqkfa .a nj;a ;SrKh lr we;snj'
• fuu .,af,fkys we;=<; .,a ì;a;sj,ska tll
by< uÜgfï w,s fofofkl=f.a yd ;,f.dfhl=f.a
hehs ie,lsh yels f¾Ld igyka olakg we;snj'
• tu ì;a;sfha u br iy i| ixfla; fol olakg
we;snj'
• wkqrdOmqr Èia;l %s l
a fha W;=re ueo m<df;a wkqrdOmqr
ì,a,Ej .,a f,k msysgd we;snj'
• fuu .,a f,ka ì;a;sj, f¾Ldfjka we¢ w,s rEm
olakg we;snj'
• tys we;s Ñ;% igyka w;r f.hla ;=< isák ñksik q a
fofofkl=f.a rEm igyk iqúfYaIS ks¾udKhlanj'
• f.dakd" fudKrd msg hk ñksia rE fï rEm igyka
w;r ±lsh yelsnj'
^ñks;;
a = 20 hs&
• YS% ,xldfõ m%d.a ft;sydisl Ñ;%j, oelsh yels iqúfYaIS ,laIK kï lrhs'
• tu Ñ;%j, we;s iqúfYaI;d y÷kd f.k l,d;aul jákdlï w.hhs'
• YS% ,xldfõ m%d.a ft;sydisl .=yd Ñ;% kï lr tajdfha we;s úfYaI;d idlÉPd lrhs'
,shd olajhs'
• m%d.a ft;sydisl l,d ks¾udKj, iqúfYaI;d .fõIKh lrhs'
• m%d.a ft;sydisl hq.fha udkjhd rEm Ndú;fhka ;u ixksfõok lghq;= fufyhjQ
wdldrh;a kQ;k ikaksfõok l%shdj,sh ;=< rEm Ndú;h jk wdldrh;a ms<sn|
ixikaokd;aulj úuid n,hs'
111
weuqKqï 7'2'1'1
.fõIK$ld¾h Wmfoia m;sl

% dj
• weuqKuq 7'2'1'2 g we;=<;a lshùfï m;s%ldj fyd¢ka lshjd f;areï .kak'

• rEm igyka wOHhkh lrkak'
• ,nd § we;s äuhs lvodis" f*,aÜ mEka Ndú; lr Tn lKavdhug wod< f;audj hgf;a
ls%hdldrlfuys ksr; jkak'
1 lKavdhu
f;audj ( YS% ,xldfõ m%d.a ft;sydisl .=yd Ñ;% ms<n
s | my; i|yka
f;aud hgf;a lreKq fm< .iajkak'
• Ñ;% w¢k ,o ia:dk (

• Ñ;% we£fï § mdol jQ f;aud (
• Ñ;% we£ug fhdod .;a j¾K udOHh (
• Ñ;% we£fï § Wmfhda.S lr .;a Ys,am l%u (
• Ñ;% we£fï wruqKq (
11 lKavdhu
f;audj ( ;ka;ßs uf,a m%d.a ft;sydisl .=yd Ñ;% ms<n
s | my; i|yka
f;aud hgf;a lreKq f.dkq lrkak'
• Ñ;% we¢ udOH (

• Ñ;% i|yd fhdod .;a f;aud (
• Ñ;% w;r úfYaI;s ks¾udK (
• Ndú; l< j¾K udOHh (
• Ñ;% lsym
s hl o< rEm igyka we| kï lrkak'
111 lKavdhu
f;audj ( fodrjl yd ì,a,Ej m%d.a ft;sydisl .=yd is;;
a ï ms<n
s |
my; i|ykaa f;aud hgf;a lreKq fm< .iajkak'
• Ñ;% msysgd we;s ia:dk (

• Ñ;% ksulr we;s Ys,am l%u (
• fhdod f.k we;s Ñ;% igyka i|yd Ndú; f;aud (
• Ñ;% ksu lr we;s udOHh (
• Ñ;% lsyms hl o< rEm igyka we| kï lrkak'
• .=re;=udf.a$.=re;=ñhf.a iyh ,nd .kak'
• lKavdhï wkdjrK iuia; mka;shg bÈßm;a lsÍug iQodkï jkak'
112
weuqKqu 7'2'1'2
lshùï m;sl
% dj
YS% ,xldfõ m%d.a ft;sydisl .=yd Ñ;%
Ys% ,xldfõ f,ka Ñ;% w;r nyq,j olakg ,efnkafka ñksiqka iy i;=kaf.a rEm
igyka h' tu i;ajhska w;r w,shd" Èúhd" isxyhd" lsU,
q d" m;a;Ehd" uqjd" f.dakd" j÷rd
;,f.dhd iy fudKrd o fj;s' fï Ñ;% oelsh yelafla ixfla;dldrhg h' ÿkak yd
B;, olakg we;af;a o ixfla; folla f,i h' fï u`.ska wdÈ udkjhdf.a m%Odk
Ôjfkdamdh jQ ovhu ixfla;j;a lr we;'
fuu Ñ;% we§fï § idhï ,S lene,a,lska fyda we`.s,af,ka ;ejÍfï Ys,am l%u
Ndú; lr we;s nj fmfka' w`.r
= e" lsßueá" i;aj f,a" ysß.,a j¾K jYfhka fhdod f.k
we;s w;r j¾K Èhlr .ekSu i|yd j;=r fyda ue,shï Ndú; fldg we;'
;ka;srsuf,a .=yd Ñ;%
ñksia rE
ksji ;=< isák ñksia rEm
^lKavdhï iïmsKva kh&
;,f.dhd
113
ñksia yd i;aj rEm br
úúO ixfla;
• ;ka;ßs uf,a .=yd Ñ;% YS% ,xldfõ m%d.a ft;sydisl hq.hg wh;a h'
• fuu Ñ;% we£fï § mßirfhka fidhd .;a j¾K Ndú; lr we;'
• f¾Ldjg uq,a;ek foñka iajdëkj fuu Ñ;% igyka we| ;sîu úfYaI ,laIKhls'
• fuu Ñ;% ks¾udKfha § nyq, j f;audfldg f.k we;af;a i;aj rE iy ñksia rEm h'
• fuys tk Ñ;% w;r lKavdhï iïmsKavkh keu;s ks¾udKh iqúfYaIS tlls'
• i;aj rEm w;ßka fidhd .;a ;,f.dhd keu;s rE igyk o úfYaI;ajfhys ,d ie,lsh
yelsh'
114
fodrjl .=yd Ñ;%
we;d iy we;a megjd ;,f.dhd
• fodrjl f,k lE.¨ Èia;s%lalfha fn,s.,a fldar<fha jrldfmd<g kqÿre u,afoksh

j;=hdfha msygs d we;'
• fuh tllska wksl ord isák úYd, .,a m¾j; follska ieÿKq iajNdúl .,af,kls'
wä 55la muK Wi h'
• mqrd úoHd flduidrsia jrfhl= jQ ^leKSï& ví'tï' úfÊmd, uy;d fuu ia:dkh
ms<sn| uQ,sl mÍlaIKhla fldg m%d.a ft;sydisl udkjhka tys úiQ nj;a fuys Ñ;%
Tjqkaf.a nj;a ;SrKh lr ;sfí'
• fuu Ñ;% ks¾udKh fldg we;af;a fmd<fõ isg wä 6 1$2 muK Wilsks' cHdñ;sl
yevfhka hq;a fuu Ñ;% ;o fkdjQ .,a ì;a;sfha ;j;a .,lska lmd ilia lr .;anj
fmfka'
• cS'tia'wd¾' n%jks ^THE CEYLON ANTICURY 1918 - 1919) úiska fuu f,fka Ñ;%
w;=ßka we;d iy megjd jYfhka Ñ;% folla y÷kd f.k we;'
• fuu we;d iy megjd Ñ;% igyk we;af;a .,af,fkys we;=<; ì;a;sj,ska tll h'
fuys ;,f.dhd hhs is;sh yels rE igykla o olakg we;'
• Bg wu;rj br iy y| oelafjk Ñ;% igykla o fjhs'
115
ì,a,Ej .=yd Ñ;%
ñksia rE folla iy f.h y÷kd .; fkdyels ixfla;hla
i;aj rEmhla ñksia rejla
• W;=re ueo m<df;a wkqrdOmqr Èia;%l

s l
a fha ì,a,Ej .,af,k msysgd we;'
• fuu f,ka ì;a;sj, f¾Ld Ndú; fldg we`¢ w,s rEm oelsh yels h'
• fuu Ñ;% w;r nyq udOHfhka ksu l< Ñ;% o yuq ù ;sfí'
116
ksmqK;dj 7'0 ( foaYSh yd úfoaYSh ft;sydisl Ñ;%" uQ¾;s yd .Dy ks¾udK
i|yd Ndú;hg .ksh's
ksmqK;d uÜgu 7'2 ( YS% ,xldfõ yd hqfrdamfha m%d.a ft;sydisl hq.hkaays Ñ;%
ms<ns | wjfndaOh ,nhs'
lsh
% dldrlu 7'2'2 ( hqfrdamfha m%d.a ft;sydisl .=yd is;;
a ï
ld,h ( ld,ÉfÊo 03 hs'
.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( • weuqKqu 7'2'2'1 g we;=<;a ld¾h$.fõIK Wmfoia

m;s%ld
• weuqKu q 7'2'2'2 g we;=<;a lshùï m;sl
% d
• m%d.a ft;sydisl Ñ;%$PdhdrEm" mska;+r m;a
• äuhs lvodis" f*,aÜ mEka" .ï fÜma

mshjr 7'2'2'1 ( • hï isoaêhla ms<sn| woyila m%ldY jk f¾Lduh o<
rEm igykla mx;shg m%o¾Ykh lrkak'
• tu o< igykg u wod< jk th m%ldYjk wx.
p,khla bÈßm;a lrkak'
• o< rEm igykska iy wx. p,kfhka m%ldYs; woyia
ms<sn| isiqkaf.ka úuikak'
• my; i|yka lreKq u;= lrñka idlÉPdjla fufyh
jkak'
• merKs hq.fha udkjhd ;u woyia m%ldY lsÍug

wx. p,k yd rEm Ndú; l<nj'
• wdÈ udkjhd Ôj;a jQfha mßirh yd .efgñka .,a
.=yd ksjiakhka lr f.knj'
• wdÈ udkjhd jvd;a keUqre jQfha ;u ovhï Ôú;h
yd iïnkaO i;aj rEm we£ugnj'
• Ñ;% we£u i|yd iajdNdúl øjHj,ska ilia lr .;a
j¾K Ndú; l<nj'
• Ñ;% we£fï § úúO Ys,ma l%u Ndú; l<nj'
117
• fujeks is;j = ï hqfrdamfha fndfyda m%d.a ft;sydisl
.=yd wdYs;% j ±l .kakg ,efnknj'
• kQ;k rEm Ndú; ixksfõok ls%hdj,sfha uQ,hka
m%d.a ft;sydisl .=yd is;; a ï weiqfrka y÷kd .;
yelsnj'
^ñks;; a = 15 hs&
mshjr 7'2'2'2 ( • mka;sfha isiqka lKavdhï follg fnokak'
• äuhs lvodis" f*,aÜ mEka lKavdhï follg fnod
fokak'
• weuqKu q 7'2'2'1 g we;=<;a ld¾h$.fõIK Wmfoia
m;sl% d iy weuqKï q 7'2'2'2 g we;=<;a lshùï m;sl % d
isiqkag fnod fokak'
• isiqka wod< ls%hdldrlfuys ksr; lrjkak'
• lKavdhï wkdjrK mka;h s g bÈßm;a lsÍug
iQodkï lrjkak'
^ñks;;a = 85 hs&

wjia:dj ,nd fokak'
• m%:u úia;drKh i|yd bÈßm;a l< lKavdhug
wjia:dj ,nd fokak'
fhfokak'
• m%xYfha fudkaákela kqjr wi, we;s ,eiaflda .=yd

m%d.a ft;sydisl f,ka is;=jï i|yd m%isoaêhla
Wiq,knj'
• wdÈ Ys,d hq.hg wh;a is;j = ï tys olakg we;snj'
• tu Ñ;% m<uqjrg wkdjrKh jQfha 1940 § nj'
• wä 17 muK È. nhsika .jrej úYsIG a ks¾udKhla
f,i ie,lsh yelsnj'
• j¾K jYfhka l`M" ly" ÿUqre" j¾K Ndú; lr
we;snj'
• tys we;s úfYaI Ñ;%hla f,i " ovhï o¾Ykh "
Ñ;%h ye¢kaúh yelsnj'
• rhsfkdair
s ia" l=re`M rEm" udkj rEm rdYshla is;j
= ï
w;r we;snj'
118
• f*dkaä f.dañ .=yd Ñ;%j,g f;aud ù we;af;a i;aj
rEmnj'
• l`M f¾Ldfjka w¢k ,o by<g keó we;s o< iys;"
YÍrh mqrd f,dau msreKq ueu;aa rEmh úfYaI Ñ;%
ks¾udKhla f,i ie,lsh yelsnj'
• l`M f¾Ldjka w¢k ,o wYaj rEmh o" iqúfYaIS
ks¾udKhlanj
• nhsika .j rEmh" j,a W!rka" msks uqjka wd§ i;=ka
fuu .=ydfõ Ñ;%Kh lr we;snj'
• úfõl .kakd nhsika rej iqúfYaIS ks¾udKhlanj
^ñks;;
a = 20 hs&
• hqfrdamfha m%d.a ft;sydisl Ñ;%j, oelsh yels úfYaI ,laIK kï lrhs'

• hqfrdamfha m%d.a ft;sydisl .=yd Ñ;%j, iqúfYaI;d y÷kd f.k tajdfha we;s l,d;aul
jákdlï w.h lrhs'
• hqfrdamfha m%d.a ft;sydisl Ñ;% yuqjk .=yd kïlr tajdfha we;s Ñ;% igyka we;=<;a
j.=jla ilia lrhs'
• ;¾ldkql, + j woyia m%ldY lrhs'
• hqfrdamfha m%d.a udkjhd rEm Ndú;fhka ;u ixksfõok lghq;= fufyhjQ wdldrh;a
kQ;k ixksfõok ls%hdj,sh ;=< rEm Ndú; jk wdldrh;a ms<sn| ixikaokd;aulj
úuid n,hs'
119
weuqKqu 7'2'2'1
• weuqKuq 7'2'2'2 g we;=<;a lshùï m;s%ld fyd¢ka wOHhkh lrkak'

• rEm igyka ksÍlaIKh lrkak'
• imhk ,o äuhs lvodis" f*,aÜ mEka Ndú; lr Tn lKavdhug wod< f;audj hgf;a
ls%hdldrlfuhs ksr; jkak'
1 lKavdhu
f;audj ( • hqfrdamfha m%d.a ft;sydisl .=yd is;;a ïj, oelsh
yels úfYaI;d my; i|yka f;aud hgf;a fm<
.iajkak'
• Ñ;% we£fï wruqKq (
• Ñ;% we£ug Ndú; l< udOHh iy j¾K (
• Ñ;%j, oelsh yels f;aud (
• Ñ;% we£fï § wkq.ukh l< Ys,am l%u (
• hqfrdamfha m%d.a ft;sydisl is;j = ï oelsh yels ia:dk (
11 lKavdhu
f;audj ( m%xYfha ,eiaflda" f*dkaä f.dañ iy iamd[a[fha
we,aguhsrd .=yd" is;;
a ï ms<n
s | my; i|yka j.=j iïmQ¾K
lrkak'
Ñ;% yuqjk ia:dk f;aud Ys,am l%u j¾K Ndú;h úfYaIs; ks¾udK
m%xYfha ,eiaflda
.=yd
m%xYfha f*dkaä f.dañ

.=yd
iamd[a[fha
we,aguhsrd .=yd
• mka;fs ha m%o¾Ykh l< yels mßÈ Tnf.a wkdjrK meyeÈ,sj ilia lrkak'
• iuia; mka;shg lKavdhï wkdjrK bÈßm;a lsÍug iQodkï jkak'
• .=re;=udf.a$;=ñhf.a Wmfoia ,nd .kak'
120
weuqKqu 7'2'2'2
lshùï m;sl
% dj
hqfrdamfha m%d.a ft;sydisl .=yd Ñ;%
wd§ udkj b;sydih msßlaid ne,Sfï §" olakg ,efnkafka ñksid tlg fj,S
Ôj;a jQfha mßirh iuÕ njhs' mßirh yd .efgñka Ôj;a jQ ñksid .,a.y
= d ;u ksjiak
lr .;af;a h'
TjQyq ;u woyia m%ldY lsÍug .,a .=yd ì;a;s m%fhdackhg .;ay' ta i|yd
Wmfhda.S lr .;af;a iajNdúlj fidhd .;a j¾Khka h' ksoyia Ñka;kh fufyhjñka
f¾Lduh jYfhka Ñ;% lrKhg fhduq jQ udkjhd i;aj rEm we£ug uq,a;ekla § we;'
hqfrdamfha m%d.a ft;sydisl Ñ;% we;s ia:dk w;r m%xYfha fudkaálela k.rfha
,eiaflda .=ydj" f*dkaä f.dñ" .=ydj" iamd[a[fha we,aguhsrd .=ydj" flda.+,a .=ydj
m%Odk ;ekla .kS'
m%d.a ft;sydisl Ñ;% Ys,amshd" fmdf<dfõ mdIdK" i;=kaf.a f,a" f;,a" .iaj,
fld< fmd;= Ndú;fhka j¾K ;kd .;ay' l`M" ÿUqre" ly" r;= hk j¾K nyq,j Ndú;hg
.;a nj fmfka'
fudjqka Ñ;% we£fï § we`.,

s "s w;a," wdOdr lr f.k we£u" .f,a ueá ;jrd we£u"
iQrk WmlrKhlska iQrd we£u wd§ l%u Ys,m a Ndú; lr we;' l`M j¾Kfhka ndysr f¾Ld
fhdod we;'
121
m%xYfha ,eiaflda .=yd is;a;ï
nhsika .j rej wYaj rej
nhsika .j rEm
• m%xYfha fudkaákela kqjr wi, m%d.a ft;sydisl .=yd is;j = ï i|yd m%io
s ê
a hla Wiq,k
" Laxcaus " ys ,eiaflda .=yd msygs d we;'
• wdos Ys,d hq.hg wh;a is;=jï fuys olakg ,efí'
• fuys we;s Ñ;% m<uqjrg wkdjrKh lr .;af;a 1940 j¾Ifha § h'
• ,eiaflda .=ydfõ Ñ;% w;r wä 17 muK È. nhsika rej úYsIaG ks¾udKhla f,i
ie,lsh yels h' Bg wu;rj wä 15 muK È. nhsika .jrEm 05 la olakg ,efí'
• tfuka u l`M" ly" ÿUqre wd§ j¾K mQ¾Kh lr we;s wYaj rEm rdYshla fjhs'
• lsh
% dldÍ rhsfkdair
s ia" l=re`M rEm" udkj rEm rdYshla fuys oel .; yels h'
• fuu .=ydfõ úfYaI Ñ;%hla f,i ovhï o¾Ykh (HUNTING SCENE) y÷kd
.efkhs' th " u< ñksidf.a rpkh " kñka kï lr we;'
• is;=jï w;r ;=jd, ,o nhsika .jhl= ksrEmKh fõ' ta wi, wdhqOhls' je;sr .;a
ñksia rejla o l=re`M rEmhla o fõ'
• fï iEu rejla jgd u l`M ndysr f¾Ldjla oelsh yels h'
122
f*dkaä f.dañ .=yd is;a;ï
• fuys we;s Ñ;% igyka w;r l`M f¾Ldfjka w¢k ,o ueu;a w,s úfYaIh jeo.;a ;ekla
.kS' tu w,s j¾.hg u úfYaI;s by<g keó we;s o< yd YÍrh mqrd we;s frdau b;du;a
;d;aúl f,i ±laùug iu;a ù we;'
• fuys we;s wYaj rEmfha cx.u iajNdjh fmkajk p,kh ukdj fmkakqï lr,Sug
Ys,m
a h
s d iu;a ù we;'
• l`M f¾Ldfjka w¢k ,o wYaj rEmh b;d iqúfYaIS ks¾udKhls'
iamd[a[fha we,aguhsrd .=yd is;;

a ï
nhsika rej
• we,aguhsrd is;=jï w;r Ys,d hq.fha ñksid ovhï l< i;=kaf.a rEm igyka oelsh
yels h'
• fuu is;=jï i|yd ÿUqre" l`M" r;= wd§ j¾K fhdod f.k we;'
• nhsika .j rEmh" j,a W!rka" msku
s j
q ka wd§ i;=ka fuu Ñ;% w;r nyq,j olakg ,efí'
• úfõl .kakd nhsika keue;s ks¾udKh ks¾udK w;r úYsIaGh'
• by; i;=kg a wu;rj leka.re" ueu;aa hk rEm o is;j = ï w;r fõ'
123
124
3.0 ;lafiarej yd we.hSu
125
3'1 ye|skù
a u
bf.kqï-b.ekaùï ls%hdj,sh u`.ska wfmalaIs; bf.kqï M, isiqka úiska idlaId;a

lr .ekSu ;yjqre lsÍu i|yd;a isikq a <`.d lr .;a m%ùK;d uÜgï y÷kd .ekSu i|yd;a
mka;s ldurfha myiqfjka ls%hd;aul l< yels wka;¾ iïnkaO;djlska hq;a jevigyka
folla f,i ;lafiarej yd we.hSu y÷kajd Èh yels h' ;lafiarej ksis mßÈ isÿjkafka
kï mka;fs ha bf.kqu ,nk ish¨ u isik q g
a wod< ksmK
q ;d iïnkaO j wdikak m%ùK;dj
j;a ,nd .ekSu wmyiq fkdfõ' wfkla w;g we.hSfuka wfmalaId lrkafka isiqka <`.d
lr .;a m%ùK;d uÜgï ljf¾ oehs y÷kd .ekSu h'
;lafiare lsÍfï fh§ isák .=rejrekg ;u isiqka i|yd fohdldrhl

ud¾f.damfoaYl;ajh ,nd Èh yels h' tu ud¾f.damfoaY fmdÿfõ y÷kajkafka m%;fs mdaIKh
(FEED BACK) yd bÈßfmdaIKh (FEED FORWARD) hkqfjks' isiqkaf.a ÿn,;d yd
fkdyelshd wkdjrKh lr .;a úg Tjqkaf.a bf.kqï .eg¨ u`.yrjd .ekSug
m%;f
s mdaIKh;a isiq yelshd iy m%n,;d y÷kd .;a úg tu olaI;d jeä ÈhqKq lsÍug bÈß
fmdaIKh;a ,nd §u .=re ld¾hh fõ'
bf.kqï-b.ekaùï lsh
% dj,sfha id¾:l;ajh i|yd úIh ks¾foaYhg we;=<;a ksmK q ;d
w;frka ljr ksmqK;d ljr uÜgñka idlaId;a l< yels jqfha oehs isiqka úiska y÷kd
.ekSu wjYH fõ' we.hSï jevms<fs j< Tiafia isik
q a <`.d lr .;a m%ùK;d uÜgï úksYpa h
lsÍu fï wkqj .=rejrekaf.ka n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk w;r isiqka yd fouõmshka we;=`:
fjk;a wod< md¾Yjhkag isiq m%.;sh ikakf s õokh lsÍug .=rejreka fhduq úh hq;= fõ'
Tn fj; bÈßm;a lrk fuu úIhud,dj YsIH flakø

a h
S (STUDENT CENTRED)"
ksmK
q ;d mdol (COMPETENCY BASED), lsh
% dldrlï ÈYdNsuLq (ACTIVITY-ORIENTED)
lr .;a m%fõYhlska hqla; fõ' Ôú;h w¾:j;a lr .ekSu i|yd ls%hdfjka bf.kqu"
.=rejrhdf.a mßKduk N+ñldfõ (TRANSFORMATION ROLE) yrh fõ'
mQ¾jfhka ixj¾Okh l< ls%hdldrlï ika;;shla Tiafia ls%hd;aul jk fuu

úIhud,dj bf.kqï yd b.ekaùu" ;lafiarej yd we.hSu iu`. ifudaOdkh lsÍug W;aidy
ord we;' ta ta ls%hdldrlïj, fojeks mshjf¾ § isiqka lKavdhï jYfhka .fõIKfha
fhfok úg Tjqka ;lafirejg;a ls%hdldrlïj, ;=ka jeks mshjf¾ § isiqka iajlSSh
wkdjrK bÈßm;a lsÍug yd úia;drKhg fhduq jk úg Tjqka we.hSug;a .=rejrhdg yels
fõ' isiqka .fõIKfha fhfok úg isiqka w;r .ejfiñka Tjqka bgq lrk ld¾hh
kSßlaIKh lrñka isiqka uqyqKmd we;s .eg¨ mka;s ldurh ;=< § úi|d .ekSu i|yd
myiqlï iy ud¾f.damfoaYl;ajh imhd §u .=rejrhdf.ka wfmalI a d lrk ld¾hh fõ'
;lafiarej yd we.hSu myiqfjka isÿ l< yels jk mßÈ fmdÿ ks¾Kdhl myla
fhdackd flf¾' fuu ks¾Kdhl w;frka m<uq jk ks¾Kdhl ;=k ta ta ksmqK;dj f.dv
126
ke.Sug talrdYS ù ;sfnk oekqu" wdl,am yd l=i,;d uQ,sl fldg ieliS ;sfí' wjidk
ks¾Kdhl fol Ôú;hg jeo.;a jk yelshd folla m%.=K lr .ekSug isiqkg w; foa'
fï ks¾Kdhl yd iïnkaO p¾hd fjkialï iy mka;s ldurh ;=< isik q a ls%hd;aul ùfï
§ y÷kd .ekSug .=rejrhd W;aidy l< hq;= w;r ;lafiarej hgf;a tu p¾hd f.dv ke`.u S
;yjqre lsÍug;a we.hSu hgf;a tfia f.dv k.d .;a p¾hd ms<n
s | j úksYpa hkag t<öug;a
.=rejrhd fhduq úh hq;f
= õ'
;lafiarej yd we.hSu ms<n

s | jevms<f s j< jeäÈhqKq lsÍfuka bf.kqï-b.ekaùï
ls%hdj,sh §¾> l< yels h' fufia bf.kqï yd b.ekaùï §¾> lsÍu i|yd uq,skau l<
hq;fa ;a lsh
% dldrlï ika;;shg we;=<;a lsh % dldrlï" ldKav lsym s hlg fjkalr .ekSuhs'
isiq bf.kqu úlis; l< yels m%fNao lsym s hla ta ta lsh
% dldrlï ldKavh yd nef|k úIh
ikaOdrh mokï lr .ksñka fojkqj y÷kd .; hq;= h' f;dard.;a m%fNao mokï lr f.k
.=rejrhdg yd isik q g
a Wmfoia we;=<;a jk mßÈ bf.kqï b.ekaùï lsh % dj,sh §¾> flfrk
WmlrK ilid .ekSu B<`. mshjr jk w;r iEu lsh % dldrlï ldKavhla wdrïNfha § u
fuu WmlrK isik q g
a y÷kajd §u .=rejrhdf.ka wfmalI
a d flf¾' fï wkqj bf.kqu yd
b.ekaùu §¾> lsÍu i|yd .=rejrfhl=g fhdod .; yels m%fNao lsym
s hla u;= oela fõ'
• ixl,am is;h s ï (CONCEPT MAPS)

• ì;a;s mqj;am;a (WALL NEWS PAPERS)
• m%Yka úpdrd;aul jevigyka (QUIZZES)
• m%Yk a iy ms<;s =re fmd;a (QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOKS)
• YsIH ld¾h idOk f.dkq (PORTFOLIOS)
• isiq ks¾udK m%o¾Yk (EXHIBITIONS)
• újdo (DEBATES)
• idlÉPd uKav, (PANEL DISCUSSIONS)
• iïuka;K % (SEMINAR)
• laIKsl l:d (IMPROMPTU SPEECHES)
• N=ñld rx.k (ROLE PLAYS)
• idys;H úuiqï (PRESENTATION OF LITERATURE REVIEWS)
• lafIa;% fmd;a$iajNdj wOHhk Èk fmd;a$fyd| jev fmd;a (FIELD
BOOKS/NATURE DIARIES)
• m%dfhda.l
s mÍlaIK (PRACTICAL TESTS)
.=re ud¾f.damfoaY ix.%yfha ;=kja k fldgi fhdað; bf.kqu yd b.ekaùu §¾> lsÍfï
wjia:d yd ta i|yd f;dard f.k we;s WmlrK y÷kajd §ug ie,iqïlr ;sfí' fï
wdldrhg lsh
% dldrlï ;=<;a tajd w;r;a ;lafiarej yd we.hSu fohdldrhlska isÿ lsÍfuka
bf.kqï-b.ekaùï lsh% dj,sh ;j ÿrg;a mq`:,a jk w;r wdYdfjka yd m%fndaOfhka bf.kqfï
kshe,Sug isiqkg yels fõ'
127
3'2 bf.kqï- b.ekaùï ls%hdj,sh §¾> lsÍfï WmlrK
1' mdi,a jdrh yd WmlrK ( m<uqjk jdrh - WmlrKh 01
2' wdjrKhjk ksmqK;d uÜgï ( 1'1" 1'2" 2'2
3' wdjrKh lrk úIh ikaOdrh ( • ;,h ilia lsÍu

• yev;, iïmsKv a kfha § ie,lsh
hq;= lreKq
• j¾K udOH f;dard .ekSu
• j¾K Ndú;fha § ie,lsh hq;= lreKq
• Ys,m a l%u
• wod< WmlrK
4' WmlrKfha iajNdjh ( ì;a;s w,xlrK Ñ;% ks¾udKh
5' WmlrKfha wruqKq ( • ì;a;s w,xlrK Ñ;% ks¾udKh lsÍu

i|yd iqÿiq f;audjla f;dardf.k o<
igyka w¢hs'
• Ñ;% ks¾udKhg iqÿiq mßÈ ;,h ilia
lr.ksh's
• f;dard.;a o< igykg wkqj ;,hg
.e,fmk fia Ñ;% w¢hs'
• ;,hg iqÿiq j¾K udOH f;dard .kshs'
• f;audjg .e,fmk j¾K Ndú; lrhs'
• isoaOdka; yd Ys,am l%u Ndú; lrñka
Ñ;% j¾K .kajhs'
• ks¾udK id¾:lj ksu lrhs'
128
6' WmlrK ls%hd;aul lsÍu i|yd Wmfoia (
.=rejrhdg ( • ls%hdldrlï ika;;sfha 1'1" 1'2" 2'2
wdrïN lsÍug fuu WmlrKh
mka;shg y÷kajd fokak'
• iq ÿ iq mßÈ mka ; s h lKa v dhïj,g
fnokak'
• wod< wuq ø jH yd WmlrK imhd
.ekSug u`. fmkajkak'
• f;dard.;a ;,h iqÿiq mßÈ ilia lsÍug
iyh jkak'
• f;dard.;a f;aud hgf;a Ñ;% ks¾udKh
lsÍug Wmfoia fokak'
• ks¾udK wjika l<hq;= ld,iSudj
oekqï fokak'
• iqÿiq mßÈ we.hSï lsh
% dfjys fhfokak'
isiqkag ( • .=re;=udf.a$.=re;=ñhf.a Wmfoia mßÈ

o< igyka we| Ñ;% ks¾udKh lrkak'
• Ñ;% ks¾udKhg iqÿiq o< igykla
f;dard .kak'
• Ñ;% ks¾udKfha oS .=re;=udf.ka$
.=re;=ñhf.ka Wmfoia ,nd.kak'
• kshñ; ld,iSudj ;=< Ñ;% ks¾udKh
wjika lrkak'
129
7' we.hSï l%uh
ks¾Kdhl 1 2 3 4 5 tl;=j
lKavd
hu$
YsIH"
YsIHdjf.a
ku
ks¾Kdhl i|yd ,l=Kq §fï l%u
b;d fyd|hs - 04
fyd|hs - 03
uOHia:hs - 02
ixj¾Okh úh hq;h
= s - 01
130
flaj, ,l=Kq §fï ks¾Kdhl yd ,l=Kq
1' o< igyka ks¾udKh - 04
2' f;audj,g wod< ixrpkh - 04
3' yev;, yd j¾K Ndú;h - 04
4' isoO
a dka; yd Ys,m
a l%u - 04
5' ks¾udKd;aulnj - 04
20
lKavdhï ,l=Kq oSfï ks¾Kdhl yd ,l=Kq
1' Ñ;% ks¾udKh i|yd iqÿiq o< igykla

f;dard .ekSu' - 04
2' ksjerÈj øjH yd WmlrK Ndú; lsÍu - 04
3' iduQyl
s j lghq;= lsÍu - 04
4' ls%hdj,sfha wLKavj ksr; ùu - 04
5' ksu lD;sh m%o¾Ykh lsÍu - 04
20
131

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Ñ;% l,dj

.=re ud¾f.damfoaY ix.%yh

fi!kao¾h wOHdmk fomd¾;fïka;=j

ISBN 978 - 955 - 654 - 096 - 3

—wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ

fi!kao¾h wOHdmk fomd¾;fïka;=j

kj iyY%fha § isÿl< m<uq úIhud,d ixfYdaOkh jk fuh mdi,a moaO;sh ;=<

fuu ;;a;j a h u`.yrjd .ekSu msKi

wOHdmk{hkag" .=re WmfoaYljrekag yd ndysr wëlaIKh yd kshdukfhys fhfok

uydpd¾h fÊ' ví,sõ' úl%uisxy

mrs.Kl joka ieliqu (

1'0 úIh ks¾foaYh

1'2 Ñ;%l,dj úIhfha wruqKq 3

1'3 úIhhg wod< ksmqK;d 3

1'4 fYa%Kshg wod< ksmqK;d uÜgï 4

1'5 ksmqK;d" ksmqK;d uÜgï"

1'6 bf.kqï-b.ekaùï l%fudamd 8-9

1'7 bf.kqï m%j¾Okh i|yd mdi,a m%;sm;a;s yd

2'0 bf.kqï - b.ekaùï l%ufõoh

2'1 ye¢kaùu 12-14

2'2 .=re Nj;=kg

2'3 ls%hdldrlï jdrj,g fn§u 16

2'4 ls%hdldrlï ika;;sh 17-123

3'0 ;lafiarej yd we.hSu

3'1 ye¢kaùu 126-127

3'2 bf.kqï b.ekaùï ls%hdj,sh

iqiudys; fm!reI j¾Okhla f.dvke.Sfuys,d WmldÍ jk fi!kao¾h lafIa;%

Ñ;% l,d ridiajdoh" ixialD;sl miqìu" isoaOdka;" m%dfhda.s lrKh yd ks¾udK

7 jk fYa%Khs Ñ;% l,d úIh Odrdj W.kakd isik

.fõIK YlH;d ;=<ska fmdaIKh jk úIhdkqnoaO m%dfhda.sl l=i,;d" isiqka

hym;a p¾hdjkaf.ka fyì mQ¾K iudcdkqfhda.hla ,enQ wkd.; f,dalhg M,odhS

• ks¾udKd;aul Ñka;kh yd ks¾udKd;aul l=i,;d j¾Okh

• M,odhS Èú meje;aulg wjYH l=i,;d yd wdl,am j¾Okh

• foaYsh wkkH;d y÷kd .ekSu yd w.h lsÍu'

• úpdr Yla;s j¾Okh

• ud¾f.damfoaYhla f,i Ndú; lsÍu'

1'3 úIhhg wod< ksmqK;d

1'1 iajNdúl mßirh wdYs%; f;aud hgf;a Ñ;% ixrpkh lrhs'

1'2 ks¾ñ; mßirh wdYs%; f;aud hgf;a Ñ;% ixrpkh lrhs'

2'1 øjH iïmsKv

2'2 úúO øjH iïmsKavk j¾K udOH Ndú;fhka Ñ;%Kh lrhs'

3'1 iajNdúl øjHhkaf.a yev;, Wmfhda.S lr.ksñka ie,iqï yd ieris,s ks¾udKh

3'2 ks¾ñ; jia;+kaf.a yev;, Wmfhda.S lr.ksñka ie,iqï yd ieris,s ks¾udKh

5'1 ir, yev Ndú;fhka úúO i;aj bßhõ ks¾udKh lrhs'

5'2 ir, yev Ndú;fhka úúO ñksia bßhõ ks¾udKh lrhs'

6'2 <ud Ñ;% ks¾udK w.hhs'

7'1 YS% ,xldfõ ft;sydisl ia:Qm ks¾udK wOHhkh lrhs'

7'2 YS% ,xldfõ yd hqfrdamfha m%d.a ft;sydisl hq.hkaf.a Ñ;% ms<n

1'0 mßirh 1'1 iajNdúl mßirh wdYs;

2'0 mßirfha 2'1 øjH iïmsKavk • úúOjia;k + f

3'0 mdßydßl 3'1 iajNdúl øjHhkaf.a • mdßydßl wjYH;d 15

5'0 úúO udOH 5'1 ir, yev Ndú;fhka • udOHhg yd 10

6'0 wd.ñl yd 6'1 rEmjdyskS udOH ;=< • <ud kdgH 08

bf.kqï b.ekaùï ls%hdj,sfha § uQ,sl jYfhka isiqka .fõIKhg fhduq lsÍu

Ñ;% l,dj .=re ud¾f.damfoaY ix.%yfha m%dfhda.sl lafIa;%fha Ys,amSh olaI;d

fuu wjfndaOhka i|yd jQ m%dfhda.l s wNHdij, fhoùfï§ m¾hdf,dalh" mßudK"

Ñ;% l,dj b.ekaùfï l%uYs,m a lsh

Ñ;% l,d bf.kqï- b.ekaùï l%fudamd jYfhka fhdað; l%u Ys,m

.fõIKh i|yd Ñ;% l,dj b.ekaùfï l%u

fuu mdGud,djg wod< bf.kqï - b.ekaùï l%ufõoh ;SrKh lsÍfï § .fõIKh

w;S;fha isg wfma mka;s ldurj, nyq, j ls%hd;aul jQ idïm%odhsl iïfma%IK

• mka;sfha wjOdkh Èkd .ekSu'

ls%hdldrlfï fojeks mshjr ie,iqï lr we;af;a .fõIKh (EXPLORATION)