Overview of MTS Fault Ride-Through TECHOP

AN OVERVIEW
OF
TECHOP_ODP_09_(D)
(A METHOD FOR PROVING THE FAULT RIDE-THROUGH CAPABILITY
OF DP VESSELS WITH HV POWER PLANT)
OCTOBER 2014
Acknowledgements
• The MTS DP Committee thanks ABS, DNV and the
following companies for their contribution to the
preparation of this Techop:
– ABB
– GE
– Siemens
– AKA
A METHOD FOR PROVING THE FAULT RIDE-THROUGH OF DP VESSELS WITH HV POWER PLANT
CASE FOR ACTION
• There is a need to improve efficiency and reduce
emissions from DP power plants – Operating power
plants with closed busties is a means of achieving this.
• Industries experience of loss of position incidents on
DP vessels operating with closed busties suggests a
lack of sufficient fault ride through capability – Loss of
all thrusters or blackout.
• 18 examples of such incidents are given in the Techop.
• Increasingly difficult to get stakeholder concurrence for
operation with closed busties.
PURPOSE OF TECHOP
• Build confidence in common power systems by
testing fault ride-through capability using an
established method.
• Contribute to proof of equivalent station keeping
integrity for DP class 3 vessels IMO MSC 645
Section 3.2.4.
• Communicate experience of doing it successfully.
• Enhance the knowledge of stakeholders.
• NOTE: If there is no intention to carry out DP
operations with closed busties then you don’t need
to prove fault ride through capability.
CONTENT OF TECHOP
• Information on one method of proving fault ride-
through that has been carried out safely and
effectively.
• Practical details on how to carry out the testing.
• Details of the power system attributes to be proven.
• Guidance on computer simulation and preparatory
work.
• To provide focus on risk assessment, typical roles
and responsibilities for stakeholders.
FAULT RIDE-THROUGH TESTING IS NOT NEW
G
GENERATOR
TERMINAL
VOLTAGE FALLS
• Fault Ride-Through VOLT DROP VOLT RISE
Testing on LV DP
DSVs in the 1980s.
BUS VOLTAGE
G MAINTAINED
FAULT CURRENT
• Built to be tested. VOLT DROP VOLT RISE
• Tested by G
application of
bolted short circuit VOLT DROP VOLT RISE
to 660V feeder.
A
VOLT DROP VOLT RISE
FAULT RIDE THROUGH CAPABILITY –
A LOOK BACK
• Requirements for fault ride-though capability have
always existed based on single failure criteria.
• What has changed is that more focus is now placed
on proving this capability by testing.
• Traditional methods inadequate to meet stakeholder
expectations:
– History of too great a reliance on limited analysis only e.g.
short circuit calculations.
– FMEA testing did not create realistic conditions for fault
ride through proof.
SEVEN PILLARS
These pillars
require more
focus when
cross-connections
Incident Free DP Operations are introduced.
Fault ride through

Fault resistance
Fault tolerance
Differentiation
Independence
Segregation
Autonomy
Predictability
PRE-REQUISITES FOR CARRYING OUT FAULT RIDE -
THROUGH TESTING
• Expertise - Already available from several

well known sources.
• Qualification and approval – Early
engagement with class.
• Roles and responsibilities – Agree in
advance.
• Action in the event of unsuccessful tests –
Agree in advance.
INDUSTRY READINESS FOR TESTING
• Recent experiences of successful testing.

• More than 10 tests carried out - plus
experience of real short circuits on DP
vessels.
• Initial apprehension overcome:
– Crew safety.
– Test personnel safety.
– Risk assessment.
– Equipment damage – leaving hidden failures (weakness) –
actually helps reveal them.
EFFECT ON CIRCUIT BREAKER LIFE
50000
TEST FEEDER 30000
20000
Build to test
PERMISSIBLE OPERATING CYCLES

10000
BUSTIES 5000
2000
1000
500
100
100
50
20
10
1 2 5 10 kA 20 50
31.5
BREAKING CURRENT (r.m.s. value)
You need to check what your circuit breakers are rated for.
EFFECT ON BUSBARS
• Forces on bus bars are proportional to the

square of the current.
• As peak test current in the example in the
Techop is around 1/3rd of rating.
• Forces are around 1/10th of rating.
EFFECT ON GENERATORS
• Generators rated for a defined number of

short circuits – for example 3.
• Generator sees ‘almost’ a full short – there
is some impedance – more could be added
but considered unnecessary on HV systems
by manufacturers – no reports of damage.
PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR
CARRYING OUT TESTING
1. Advance modelling.
2. Building confidence for the fault ride-
through test – commissioning.
3. Fault ride-through test.
4. Earth fault test.
TEST CONDITIONS
• Vessel at sea trials location.
• DP system in full auto DP.
• Two generators online (on different busses).
supplying DP & Hotel.
• All transformers connected.
• All busties closed.
• Instrumentation and logging facilities
operating.
• Carry out test.
FAULT RIDE-THROUGH TEST
DG DG
THIS CABLE MUST BE RATED 4 THIS CIRCUIT BREAKER IS 6
FOR FULL S/C CAPACITY CLOSED REMOTELY TO
APPLY THE TEST FAULT
CLOSED CLOSED CLOSED CLOSED
CLOSED CLOSED
EARTHING
X3 X3 X3
TRANSFORMER
LV LV LV
RUNNING RUNNING RUNNING RUNNING RUNNING RUNNING
DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING
EXPECTED RESULT
• Test fault applied.
• Busties open to isolate switchboard with
fault.
• All thrusters stay online and selected to DP.
• All DP essential systems continue to
operate without malfunction.
• Feeder removes test fault.
• Both generators remain on line.
• All buses healthy.
TEST DATA AQUISITION
Signal sources that can be instrumented
(Build to Test) or used to collect data include:
• Generator VTs and protection & measuring CTs.
• Bus VTs and protection & measuring CTs.
• Feeder protection and measuring CTs.
• Serial links from protection relays.
• Serial links from governors and AVRs.
• Serial links from thruster drives.
Vessel management systems, history stations, data
loggers can be used to record any changes in plant
status.
POWER SYSTEM ATTRIBUTES TO BE VERIFIED
• This section of the Techop deals with

various functions and features to be verified
as part of the analysis and testing process:
– Fault cleared by busties.
– Voltage dip ride-through.
– No protection operation on plant recovery current.
– No protection operation on plant recovery over
voltage.
– Model mal-synchronisation and inadvertent gen CB
closure.
– Decrement curve and model validated.
FAULT CURRENT RECORDINGS
Peak test current 30% of rated
MAIN BUS VOLTAGE RECOVERY & OVERSHOOT
Overshoot
Recovery
PLANT RECOVERY
Voltage dip
Plant recovery current

Fault Current
removed
Fault applied
COMPUTER SIMULATION
• Time Domain Modelling – e.g.

MatlabTM SimulinkTM or equivalent.
• Real Time Digital Simulation or similar.
– Protection relays.
– Enhanced generator protection.
– Drive controllers.
• Use test data to validate model
predictions.
EARTH FAULT TEST
DG DG
4 THIS CIRCUIT BREAKER IS 6
CLOSED REMOTELY TO
APPLY THE FAULT
CLOSED CLOSED CLOSED CLOSED
CLOSED CLOSED
EARTHING
X3 X3 X3
TRANSFORMER
LV LV LV
RUNNING RUNNING RUNNING RUNNING RUNNING RUNNING
DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING
EFFECT ON LINE TO EARTH VOLTAGE
This phase earthed
Increase in line to earth voltage
EARTH FAULT CURRENT
Fault isolated by busties
Fault isolated by test feeder
TEST REPORT
INTRODUCTION
• Vessel, DP system and power systems description.
• Redundancy design intent and worst case failure design intent.
• Power plant configurations and fault types to be modelled and tested.
APPLICABLE RULES, STANDARDS AND CLASS NOTATION.
TEST METHODOLOGY
• Description of test method with supporting sketches.
DISCUSSION OF SIMULATION METHODOLOGY
• Simulation package, TDS, RTDS, HIL etc. Discussion of any
assumptions made in modelling of configurations which were
not tested. Means by which the worst case conditions were
identified.
TEST REPORT - CONT
RESULTS
• Comparison of measured and modelled waveforms.
• Comparison with the results of static studies such as short circuit
calculations.
• Results of RTDS or HIL demonstrating that actual protection and
control systems respond correctly.
• Presentation of worst case conditions and confirmation that the
severity of the failure effect does not exceed the DP system’s worst
case failure design intent.
CONCLUSIONS
• Compliance with the applicable rules & requirements.
INSPECTION AFTER TEST
• Removal of test equipment.
• A general inspection of the generators used for
testing could include visual inspection of:
– End winding.
– Auxiliary components, AVRs, CTs etc.
– Cable terminations.
CHALLENGES
• Build to Test
– Thruster drives may need braking resistors.
• Special cases
– HV power plant with limitations which make it more difficult
to test.
– Older power plants – Uncertainty in relation equipment spec.
– LV power plant.
• Complementary methods for periodic testing
where required.
CONCLUSIONS
• There is a case for action.
• It is possible to carry out fault ride
through testing with acceptably low risk
when properly executed.
• A combination of design requirements,
computer simulation and testing,
produces common power systems with
comparable integrity to independent
power systems.

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AN OVERVIEW

• Fault Ride-Through VOLT DROP VOLT RISE

• Built to be tested. VOLT DROP VOLT RISE

VOLT DROP VOLT RISE

Fault ride through

• Expertise - Already available from several

• Recent experiences of successful testing.

PERMISSIBLE OPERATING CYCLES

• Forces on bus bars are proportional to the

• Generators rated for a defined number of

RUNNING RUNNING RUNNING RUNNING RUNNING RUNNING

DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING

• This section of the Techop deals with

Peak test current 30% of rated

Plant recovery current

• Time Domain Modelling – e.g.

RUNNING RUNNING RUNNING RUNNING RUNNING RUNNING

DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING

This phase earthed

Increase in line to earth voltage

Fault isolated by busties

Fault isolated by test feeder

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