Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Manviya Karuna PDF
Manviya Karuna PDF
AN
ikB dk lkj
H
AS
csfYt;e osQ jsElpSiy esa tues iQknj cqYosQ cpiu ls gh lacaèk cu x,A uhyh vk¡[kksa okys xksjs jax osQ iQknj viuh >k¡bZ
vR;ar laosnu'khy FksA buosQ LoHkko dh izeq[k fo'ks"krkvksa 'kkafr] ekjrh Hkwjh nk<+h osQ lkFk yacs lI+ksQn pksxs esa fyiVs jgrsA bZ'oj esa
AK
d#.kk vkSj eerk dks ns[kdj ek¡ us cpiu esa gh buosQ cM+s gksdj mudh xgjh vkLFkk FkhA lHkh osQ izfr muesa okRlY; meM+rk jgrkA
laU;klh cuus dh ?kks"k.kk dj nh FkhA lpeqp bathfu;fjax dh vafre os fufyZIr gksdj g¡lh&etkd vkSj xksf"B;ksa esa 'kkfey gksrs FksA
PR
o"kZ dh i<+kbZ dks NksM+dj iknjh cuus dh mUgksaus fofèkor f'k{kk xaHkhj cglksa esa vkSj ppkZvksa ij csckd jk; nsrs FksA fiz;tuksa osQ
yhA Hkkjrh; laLÑfr dh izeq[k fo'ks"krk laosnu'khyrk dks ns[krs lHkh mRloksa vkSj laLdkjksa esa] eqf'dy ?kfM+;ksa esa Hkh 'kkfey gksdj
S
gq, mUgksaus Hkkjr vkus dh 'krZ Hkh j[kh vkSj Hkkjr vk x,A iQknj cM+s HkkbZ vkSj iqjksfgrksa tSls vk'kh"k nsrs vkSj viuRo trkrs FksA
ER
osQ firk O;olk;h FksA ,d HkkbZ iknjh vkSj ,d ifjokj osQ lkFk muosQ laioZQ esa vkus okyk mudh d#.kk ls Hkhx tkrk vkSj deZ
TH
jgdj viuk dke djus okyk FkkA firk vkSj Hkkb;ksa ls mudk dk ,d u;k ladYi ysus dks izsfjr gksrk FkkA
fo'ks"k yxko ugha FkkA gk¡] cgqr fnuksa rd fookg u dj fpark iSnk ys[kd dks iSra hl o"kZ rd iQknj ls viuRo dk ojnku feyk FkkA
O
djus okyh vkSj ckn esa fookg djus okyh ,d ftn~nh vkSj l[r ys[kd bykgkckn dh lM+dksa ij lkbfdy pykrs iQknj osQ ikl
R
fe”kk”k cgu Hkh FkhA ek¡ dh mUgsa cgqr ;kn vkrh FkhA muosQ i=kksa nkSM+dj pyk vkrk] mudh lkbfdy jksd nsrk vkSj vius i<+us dh
B
dks os vius fe=k j?kqoa'k dks fn[kkrs jgrs FksA tkudkjh nsrk Fkk] ijarq os dHkh vkos'k esa ugha vkrs Fks vkSj u gh
L
Hkkjr vkus ij ftlsV la?k esa nks lky rd iQknj cqYosQ us iknfj;ksa Øksfèkr gksrs FksA ys[kd us vius iq=k dks igyh ckj vUu f[kyk, tkus
YA
osQ chp èkekZpkj dh f'k{kk izkIr dhA 9&10 o"kZ rd nkftZfyax esa osQ laLdkj osQ volj ij iQknj dh vk¡[kksa esa rSjrs okRlY; dk vuqHko
fd;k FkkA iRuh vkSj iq=k dh e`R;q ij iQknj dh nh lkaRouk esa ^^gj
O
jgdj vè;;u dk;Z fd;kA dydRrk (dksydkrk) esa jgrs gq, ch-
ekSr fn[kkrh gS thou dks ubZ jkg** dgh iafDr us ys[kd dks ,d
G
AN
tgjckn ¾ xSaxzhu] ,d rjg dk ”kgjhyk vkSj d"Vlkè; iQksM+k_ ,d d¡Vhyk vkSj fcuk iRrs dk ikSèkk_ xSfjd olu ¾ lkèkqvksa n~okjk
vkLFkk ¾ fo'okl] Jn~èkk_ nsgjh ¾ ngyh”k_ iknjh ¾ bZlkbZ èkeZ èkkj.k fd;k tkus okyk xs#vk oL=k_ Jn~èkkur ¾ izse vkSj HkfDr;qDr
H
dk iqjksfgr ;k vkpk;Z_ vkrqj ¾ vèkhj] mRlqd_ fufyZIr ¾ vklfDr iwT; Hkko_ jxksa ¾ ulksa_ foèkku ¾ fu;e_ vfLrRo ¾ Lo:i_ pksxk
AS
jfgr] tks fyIr u gks_ vkos'k ¾ tks'k_ yckyc ¾ Hkjk gqvk_
¾ yack <hyk&<kyk vkxs ls [kqyk enkZuk igukok_ lk{kh ¾ xokg_
èkekZpkj ¾ èkeZ dk ikyu ;k vkpj.k_ :ikarj ¾ fdlh oLrq dk
AK
cnyk gqvk :i_ vdkV~; ¾ tks dV u losQ] tks ckr dkVh u xksf"B;k¡ ¾ lHkk,¡_ okRlY; ¾ eerk dk Hkko_ nsg ¾ 'kjhj_
tk losQ_ fojy ¾ de feyus okyh_ rkcwr ¾ 'ko ;k eqnkZ ys mis{kk ¾ è;ku u nsuk_ viuRo ¾ viukuk_ l¡djh ¾ de pkSM+h]
PR
tkus okyk lanwd ;k cDlk_ djhy ¾ >kM+h osQ :i esa mxus okyk iryh_ ladYi ¾ bjknkA
S
1- iQknj dh mifLFkfr nsonkj dh Nk;k tSlh D;ksa yxrh dk dk;Z Hkh liQyrkiwoZd fd;kA ;g dgk tk ldrk gS fd
O
Fkh\ [CBSE 2010 (Term-I)] os Hkkjrh; laLÑfr osQ vfHkUu vax FksA
R
mRrj % iQknj dk O;ogkj lHkh osQ lkFk lnk e/qj gksrk FkkA os lHkh
B
ikrk FkkA mRloksa vkSj laLdkjksa esa os cM+s HkkbZ vkSj iqjksfgr dh
YA
vkSj vkos'k ls nwj mudh vk¡[kksa esa gj le; okRlY; rSjrk mUgsa fganh iwjs ns'k dks ,drk osQ lw=k esa ck¡èkus vkSj n`<+ cukus
G
jgrk FkkA ftl izdkj nsonkj dk o`{k viuh ?kuh Nk;k ls okyh Hkk"kk yxhA os fganh dks jk"VªHkk"kk osQ :i esa ns[kuk
lcdks 'khryrk iznku djrk gS] mlh izdkj iQknj vius pkgrs FksA fganh Hkkf"k;ksa osQ n~okjk fganh dh mis{kk mUgsa xgjk
okRlY; vkSj vk'kh"k opuksa ls lcdks 'khryrk iznku djrs FksA nq[k nsrh FkhA fganh dks jk"VªHkk"kk cukus osQ fy, os lnk eap
2- ^iQknj cqYosQ Hkkjrh; laLÑfr osQ vfHkUu vax gSaA* fdl ls vdkV~; roZQ nsrs FksA mUgksaus bykgkckn ls fganh esa ,e-,-
vkèkkj ij ,slk dgk x;k gS\ [CBSE 2010 (Term-I)] fd;kA lu 1950 esa iz;kx fo'ofon~;ky; osQ fganh foHkkx ls
mRrj % iQknj cqYosQ dh Hkkjrh; laLÑfr esa xgjh #fp FkhA blh 'kksèkizcaèk ^jkedFkk % mRifRr vkSj fodkl* iwjk fd;kA ^uhyk
dkj.k os Hkkjr esa vkdj cl x,A fganh dks jk"VªHkk"kk cukus iaNh* osQ uke ls ekrjfyad osQ izfln~èk ukVd ^Cyw cMZ* dk
osQ fy, os lnSo vius vdkV~; rdks± osQ n~okjk iz;Ru'khy fganh esa :ikarj.k fd;kA tsfo;lZ dkWfyt jk¡ph esa fganh vkSj
jgsA mUgksaus fganh esa ,e-,- fd;k vkSj jkedFkk ij vkèkkfjr laLÑr osQ foHkkxkè;{k Hkh cusA vaxt zs h&fganh dk ,d 'kCndks'k
'kksèk dk fo"k;µ^jkedFkk% mRifRr vkSj fodkl* gh pqukA rS;kj fd;kA ckbfcy dk Hkh fganh esa vuqokn dj Hkkjrokfl;ksa
mUgksaus lsaV tsfo;lZ dkWyst esa fganh vkSj laLÑr osQ foHkkxkè;{k dks mldk Kku djk;kA
2 © GOYAL BROTHERS PRAKASHAN
4- bl ikB osQ vkèkkj ij iQknj dkfey cqYosQ dh tks Nfo ;kn djuk ,d mnkl 'kkar laxhr dks lquus tSlk cu
mHkjrh gS] mls vius 'kCnksa esa fyf[k,A tkrk FkkA
mRrj % iQknj cqYosQ ikjaifjd vFkZ esa laU;klh u FksA muosQ ân; esa
n;k vkSj d#.kk dk okl FkkA os ijksidkjh ,oa lân; O;fDr jpuk vkSj vfHkO;fDr
FksA os fdlh ij Øks/ ugha djrs FksA lHkh ij viuk okRlY; 8- vkiosQ fopkj ls cqYosQ us Hkkjr vkus dk eu D;ksa
yqVkrs FksA mudh e/qj ok.kh ?kkoksa ij ejge dk dke djrh cuk;k gksxk\
FkhA mudk O;fDrRo cgqr vkd"kZd Fkk vkSj mudk thou mRrj % -iQknj osQ eu esa Hkkjr osQ izfr vlhe Jn~/k FkhA os Hkkjrh;
vR;ar lknk FkkA laLÑfr] ;gk¡ dh jhfr;ksa vkSj Hkk"kk ¯gnh ls ifjfpr gksuk
5- ys[kd us iQknj cqYosQ dks ^ekuoh; d#.kk dh fnO;* pkgrs FksA ¯gnh lkfgR; o vU; Hkk"kkvksa osQ lkfgR; dks i<+us
ped D;ksa dgk gS\ [CBSE 2010 (Term-I)] vkSj le>us dh viuh bPNk dh iwfrZ djus rFkk fo'o osQ
mRrj % ys[kd us iQknj cqYosQ dks ^ekuoh; d#.kk dh fnO; ped* lcls iqjkus ¯gnw èkeZ osQ eeZ (jgL;) dks tkuus osQ fy,
mUgksaus Hkkjr vkus dk eu cuk;k gksxkA
AN
blfy, dgk gS D;ksafd muosQ ân; esa izR;sd nhu&nq[kh osQ
fy, d#.kk Hkjh gqbZ FkhA os lHkh ij viuk Lusg yqVkrs FksA 9- ¶cgqr laqnj gS esjh tUeHkwfe µ jSElpSiyA¸ bl iafDr esa
H
nwljksa osQ nq[kksa esa 'kkfey gksrs FksA viuh d#.kk ls yksxksa dks -iQknj cqYosQ dh viuh tUeHkwfe osQ izfr dkSu&lh Hkkouk,¡
AS
/S;Z c¡/krs FksA os fj'rksa dks thou Hkj fuHkkrs FksA fdlh ij vfHkO;Dr gksrh gSa\ vki viuh tUeHkwfe osQ ckjs esa D;k
Øks/ ugha djrs FksA d#.kk Hkko muosQ O;fDrRo dk vfHkUu lksprs gSa\
AK
vax FkkA mRrj % -iQknj dks viuh tUeHkwfe ls csgn yxko FkkA viuh
laosnu'khyrk] d#.kk vkSj 'kkafr dks os ekr`Hkwfe dh gh nsu
PR
6- iQknj cqYosQ us laU;klh dh ijaijkxr Nfo ls vyx ,d
ubZ Nfo izLrqr dh gSA oSQls\ ekurs FksA ek¡ vkSj mldh dHkh u HkqykbZ tk ldus okyh
mRrj % ijaijkxr laU;klh bZ'oj dh osQoy HkfDr] KkuktZu vFkok eerk Hkh ekr`Hkwfe dk gh ojnku FkhA Hkkjr esa jgrs gq, Hkh
S
os Hkkoqd gks ^^cgqr lqanj gS esjh tUeHkwfe¸ dg mBrs FksA os
ER
Kku nsus esa gh viuk le; O;rhr djrs gSaA os fdlh osQ ?kj
ugha vkrs&tkrsA iQknj cqYosQ bu vFkks± esa laU;klh ugha FksA os rhu ckj csfYt;e x,A os ekr`Hkwfe ls dHkh m½.k u gksus
TH
fj'rksa dks thou Hkj fuHkkrs FksA mUgsa vius ifjokj dh fpark okyk Hkko j[krs FksA
Hkys gh u FkhA ¯drq os ys[kd osQ lq[k&nq[k osQ Hkkxh FksA ge Hkh viuh tUeHkwfe Hkkjro"kZ osQ ckjs esa ;gh lksprs gSa fd
O
7- vk'k; Li"V dhft,& gekjk thou] lq[k&le`n~fèk vkSj lHkh miyfCèk;k¡ ekr`Hkwfe
R
(d) ue vk¡[kksa dks fxuuk L;kgh iSQykuk gSA dh gh nsu gSaA fo'o dh Js"B laLÑfr ls tqM+dj Js"B euq";
B
mRrj % (d) i- Qknj cqYosQ ekuork dh lk{kkr ewfrZ FksA muosQ laioZQ rFkk ”k:jr iM+us ij viuk cfynku rd djus dks rRij cusaxsA
G
AN
f'kdkjs tSls uhys vkleku dh lSj djkrs gSaA xqIr th Hkkjr dh lizse ueLdkjA
izkÑfrd lqanjrk dks ns[k dg mBrs Fksµ
H
dy gh rqEgkjk i=k feykA i<+dj Kkr gqvk fd rqEgkjh
uhykacj ifjèkku gfjr rV ij lqanj gS]
AS
NqV~fV;k¡ iM+us okyh gSaA fe=k esjh] Hkh xfeZ;ksa dh NqV~fV;k¡
lw;Zpanz ;qx&eqoqQV es[kyk jRukdkj gSA 'kq: gks xbZ gSaA eSa pkgrk gw¡ fd rqe bl ckj Hkkjr vkvksA esjs
AK
ufn;k izse izokg] >wys rkjks eaMy gSa ekrk&firk cnzhukFk] osQnkjukFk] xaxks=kh vkSj ;equks=kh osQ n'kZu
canhtu [kx&oàn] 'ks"k iQu flagklu gSA djus tk jgs gSaA dgrs gSa fgeky; dk izkÑfrd lkSan;Z vn~Hkqr
PR
elwjh] f'keyk] nsgjknwu] èkeZ'kkyk] nkftZfyax vkSj ÅVh dk gSA c-iZQ ls <dh igkfM+;k¡] Å¡pkbZ ls fxjrs >jus laxhr dk
izkÑfrd lkSan;Z tSls vius lkFk LoxZ dks izR;{k dj nsrk gSA vkuan nsrs gSaA nwj vkleku ls ckrsa djrs Å¡ps&Å¡ps ?kus o`{k]
S
Hkkjr dh laLÑfr fo'o dh lcls egku laLÑfr gSA bldh nwj rd èkjrh ij fcNh gfj;kyh dh pknj ls eu ckx&ckx
ER
fo'ks"krk fofoèkrk esa ,drk gSA ;gk¡ fganw] eqlyeku] bZlkbZ] gks tkrk gSA lhèkh Å¡ph pV~Vkuksa osQ chp cgqr xgjkbZ esa
fl[k] ikjlh] ckSn~èk vkSj tSu èkeks± dks viukus okys yksx rwiQkuh xfr ls fxjrh vkSj cgrh xaxk eu dks d¡ik nsrh gSA
TH
jgrs gSaA lHkh vius jhfr&fjok”kksa] ekU;rkvksa osQ vuqlkj xaxks=kh dh iSny ;k=kk cM+h euksje gSA fe=k] eq>s rks vHkh ls
O
èkkfeZd fujis{krk osQ lkFk lkaiznkf;d ,drk dks cuk, j[krs fgeky; osQ lius vkus yxs gSaA dgha rqe Hkh lius er ns[kus
R
gSaA jk[kh] gksyh] nhokyh] eqgjZe] bZn] n'kgjk vkSj fØlel yxukA vPNk] rqe tYnh&ls&tYnh ;gk¡ vk tkvksA
B
tSls R;ksgkjksa dks fey&tqy dj eukus dh vuks[kh ijaijk gSA vcdh ckj esjk vkxzg rqEgas ekuuk gh gksxkA ;k=kk dh 'ks"k
jke] Ñ".k] xkSre] xkaèkh dk ;g ns'k lnk ls 'kkafr] vfgalk rS;kjh Hkkjr vkdj djukA esjs ekrk&firk Hkh rqEgkjh lgk;rk
L
YA
vkSj d#.kk dk mikld jgk gSA djsaxsA ykSVrh Mkd ls vius vkus dh frfFk fy[kukA ekrkth
^ijfgr lfjl èkeZ ufga HkkbZ* esa fo'okl djus okyk Hkkjr viuh vkSj firkth dks esjk iz.kke dgukA
O
olqèkSo oqQVqca deq osQ egku n'kZu osQ lkFk viuh vuwBh laLÑfr rqEgkjk vfHkUu fe=k]
G
dks cuk ik;k gSA iwjk fo'o ,d gh ijekRek dh nsu gS] vr% d- [k- x-
lHkh osQ izfr izse] lHkh ls viuRo LFkkfir dj fujarj vkxs
12- fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa esa leqPpcksèkd Nk¡Vdj vyx fyf[k,A
c<+rk Hkkjr vk”kknh osQ ckn vkt iqu% vius lksus dh fpfM+;k
(d) rc Hkh tc os bykgkckn esa Fks vkSj rc Hkh tc
gksus osQ izkphu xkSjo dks u, lanHkks± esa lkdkj djus tk jgk
os fnYyh vkrs FksA
gSA vkradokn] csdkjh] xjhch] vf'k{kk] tula[;k o`n~f/]
Hkz"Vkpkj tSlh dksus&dksus dh xaHkhj leL;kvksa ls tw>rk gqvk mRrj % leqPp;cksèkd & vkSjA
Hkkjr ,drk vkSj v[kaMrk dks cuk, j[kus esa liQy gSA lwpuk ([k) ek¡ us cpiu esa gh ?kksf"kr dj fn;k Fkk fd yM+dk
izkSn~;ksfxdh dh Økafr f'k{kk&in~èkfr esa gq, vkewy ifjorZu vkSj gkFk ls x;kA
oaQI;wVj iz;ksx dk ckgqY; vkt Hkkjr dks bDdhloha lnh esa mRrj % leqPp;cksèkd & fdA
fo'o osQ vxz.kh ns'kksa esa LFkku fnykus dks foo'k gSaA (x) os fj'rk cukrs Fks rks rksM+rs ugha FksA
egkiq#"kksa dh rjg eSa Hkh Hkkjr osQ fy, ,d liuk ns[krk gw¡A mRrj % leqPp;cksèkd & rksA
4 © GOYAL BROTHERS PRAKASHAN
(?k) muosQ eq[k ls lkaRouk osQ tknw Hkjs nks 'kCn lquuk (Ä) firk vkSj Hkkb;ksa osQ fy, cgqr yxko eu esa ugha
,d ,slh jks'kuh ls Hkj nsrk Fkk] tks fdlh xgjh Fkk] ysfdu os Le`fr esa vdlj Mwc tkrsA
riL;k ls tuerh gSA mRrj % leqP;cksèkd & ysfduA
mRrj % leqPp;cksèkd & tksA
AN
osQ fy, lgh fodYi pqfu,A laLdkj esa os cMs+ HkkbZ vkSj iqjksfgr tSls [kM+s gksdj gesa vk'kh"kksa ls Hkj
I+kQknj dks ”kgjckn ls ugha ejuk pkfg, FkkA ftldh jaxksa esa nwljksa osQ nsrsA
H
fy, feBkl Hkjs ve`r osQ vfrfjDr vkSj oqQN ugha Fkk mlosQ fy, bl
AS
1- I-kQknj dks ;kn djuk gSµ
”kgj dk foèkku D;ksa gks\ ;g loky fdl bZ'oj ls iwNsa\ çHkq dh (d) [kkjs ikuh osQ leku ([k) fueZy ty osQ leku
vkLFkk gh ftldk vfLrRo FkkA og nsg dh bl ;kruk dh ijh{kk dks
AK
(x) 'kkar leqnz osQ leku
mez dh vkf[kjh nsgjh ij D;ksa ns\
(?k) ,d mnkl 'kkar laxhr dks lquus osQ leku
PR
1- çLrqr xn~;ka'k osQ ys[kd dkSu gSa\
(d) ;'kiky ([k) losZ'oj n;ky lDlsuk 2- i- Qknj dh ckrsa izsj.kk nsrh gaSµ
(d) f'k{kk dh ([k) deZ djus dh
S
(x) jkeo`{k csuhiqjh (?k) Lo;a çdk'k
ER
2- ys[kd us ^mez dh vkf[kjh nsgjh* fdls dgk gS\ (x) fy[kus dh (?k) LoPN jgus dh
(d) cpiu dks ([k) tokuh dks 3- ifjokfjd 'kCn osQ ^ewy* ,oa ^izR;;* 'kCn gSaµ
TH
(x) cq<+kis dks (?k) e`R;q dks (d) ikfj $ okfjd ([k) ifj $ okfjd
O
3- I+kQknj fdlosQ fy, ç;qDr gqvk gS\ (x) ikfjokj $ bd (?k) ifjokj $ bd
R
(d) ys[kd osQ firk osQ fy, 4- ^fufyZIr 'kkfey* jgus ls vfHkizk; gSµ
B
([k) ppZ osQ I+kQknj osQ fy, (d) vuklDr Hkko ls 'kkfey ([k) eu ls 'kkfey
L
(x) ys[kd osQ fy, (x) cseu ls 'kkfey (?k) fcuk f>>d 'kkfey
YA
(?k) MkW- dkfey cqYosQ osQ fy, 5- ?kj osQ mRlo esa i- Qknj dh Hkwfedk gksrh Fkhµ
O
4- I+kQknj cqYosQ dh e`R;q fdlls gqbZ\ (d) ek=k cM+s HkkbZ dh ([k) ek=k iqjksfgr dh
G
(d) tgj [kkus ls ([k) xSaxzhu ls (x) cM+s HkkbZ vkSj iqjksfgr dh (?k) ek=k NksVs HkkbZ dh
(x) chekj gksus ls (?k) cq[kkj ls mRrj % 1- (?k) 2- ([k) 3- (x) 4- (d) 5- (x)
5- vU; yksxksa osQ çfr I+kQknj dk O;ogkj oSQlk Fkk\
(d) eèkqj ([k) dVq III. fuEufyf[kr xn~;ka'k dks è;kuiwoZd i<+dj fn, x, ç'uksa
(x) larqf"Vtud (?k) ?k`f.kr osQ fy, lgh fodYi pqfu,µ
mRrj % 1- ([k) 2- (x) 3- (?k) 4- ([k) 5- (d) I+kQknj cqYosQ ladYi ls laU;klh FksA dHkh&dHkh yxrk gS og eu ls
laU;klh ugha FksA fj'rk cukrs Fks rks rksM+rs ugha FksA nfl;ksa lky ckn
II. fuEufyf[kr xn~;ka'k dks è;kuiwoZd i<+dj fn, x, ç'uksa feyus osQ ckn Hkh mldh xaèk eglwl gksrh FkhA og tc Hkh fnYyh
osQ fy, lgh fodYi pqfu,µ vkrs ”k:j feyrsµ[kkstdj] le; fudkydj] xehZ] lnhZ] cjlkr
I+kQknj dks ;kn djuk ,d mnkl 'kkar laxhr dks lquus tSlk gSA >sydj feyrs] pkgs nks feuV osQ fy, gh lghA ;g dkSu laU;klh
mudks ns[kuk d#.kk osQ fueZy ty esa Luku djus tSlk Fkk vkSj muls djrk gS\
5 © GOYAL BROTHERS PRAKASHAN
1- I+kQknj cqYosQ ladYi ls D;k Fks\ (x) e`R;q lekfIr ugha] iqujkjEHk gS
(d) lkfgR;dkj ([k) ys[kd (?k) e`R;q dk vFkZ nq%[k ugha
(x) laU;klh (?k) mijksDr lHkh 4- vuqPNsn osQ vk/kj ij crkb, fd -iQknj dk LoHkko
2- fj'rksa osQ lacaèk esa I+kQknj cqYosQ osQ D;k fopkj Fks\ oSQlk Fkk\
(d) fj'rs èkkxs osQ leku gksrs gSa (d) ozQks/h ([k) vkReh;rk Hkjk
([k) fj'rs VwVrs jgrs gSa (x) LokFkhZ (?k) bZ";kZyq
(x) os fj'rs fuHkkuk ugha tkurs Fks 5- iRuh dh e`R;q ij ys[kd dks /hjt c¡/kus okys dkSu Fks\
(?k) os fj'rs tksM+dj rksM+rs ugha Fks (d) ekrk&firk ([k) HkkbZ&cgu
3- ys[kd us fdl xaèk osQ eglwl gksus dh ckr dgh gS\ (x) pkpk&rkmQ (?k) -iQknj cqYosQ
(d) iwQyksa dh ([k) fj'rksa osQ xgjkbZ dh mRrj % 1- (x) 2- (d) 3- (x) 4- ([k) 5- (?k)
(x) lsaV dh xaèk (?k) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
4- I+kQknj cqYosQ fnYyh vkus ij fdlls ”k:j feyrs Fks\ VI. fuEufyf[kr xn~;ka'k dks è;kuiwoZd i<+dj fn, x, ç'uksa
AN
(d) ys[kd ls ([k) laU;klh ls osQ fy, lgh fodYi pqfu,A [CBSE 2011 (Term-II)]
(x) vius fe=kksa ls (?k) fdlh ls ugha eSa ugha tkurk bl laU;klh us Hkh lkspk Fkk ;k ugha fd mldh
H
e`R;q ij dksbZ jks,xkA ysfdu ml {k.k jksus okyksa dh deh ugha FkhA bl
AS
5- çLrqr xn~;ka'k fdl ikB ls fy;k x;k gS\
(d) ifjey ls rjg gekjs chp ls og pyk x;k tks geesa ls lcls vf/d Nk;knkj
AK
([k) ekuoh; d#.kk dh fnO; ped ls iQy&iwQy xa/ ls Hkjk vkSj lcls vyx] lcdk gksdj] lcls m¡QpkbZ
ij] ekuoh; d#.kk dh fnO; ped esa ygygkrk [kM+k FkkA ftldh
(x) ,d dgkuh ;g Hkh
PR
Le`fr ge lcosQ eu esa tks muosQ fudV Fks fdlh ;K dh ifo=k vkx
(?k) L=kh f'k{kk osQ fojksèkh oqQrdks± dk [kaMu
dh vk¡p dh rjg vkthou cuh jgsxhA eSa ml ifo=k T;ksfr dh ;kn
mRrj % 1- (x) 2- (?k) 3- ([k) 4- (d) 5- ([k)
S
IV. fuEufyf[kr xn~;ka'k dks è;kuiwoZd i<+dj uhps fn, x, 1. ^bl rjg gekjs chp ls og pyk x;k*µbl iafDr esa og
ç'uksa osQ lgh fodYi pqudj fyf[k,A 'kCn iz;qDr gqvk gSµ
TH
cl mlh ,d loky ij mudks >q¡>ykrs ns[kk gS vkSj fganh okyksa (d) ys[kd osQ fy,
}kjk gh fganh dh mis{kk ij mudks nq%[k djrs ik;k gSA ?kj&ifjokj osQ
O
cM+s&ls&cM+s nq%[k esa muosQ eq[k ls lkaRouk osQ tknw Hkjs nks 'kCn lquuk (?k) fe=kksa osQ fy,
,d ,slh jks'kuh ls Hkj nsrk Fkk tks fdlh xgjh riL;k ls mitrh gSA 2. -iQknj dks lokZf/d Nk;knkj o`{k dgk gS] D;ksafd %
L
^gj ekSr fn[kkrh gS thou dks ubZ jkgA* eq>s viuh iRuh vkSj iq=k dh
e`R;q ;kn vk jgh gS vkSj i- Qknj osQ 'kCnksa ls >jrh fojy 'kkafrA ([k) os lcdks vk'khokZn nsrs Fks
O
(x) mudk lkFk nq[kksa dh /wi esa 'khry Nk;k osQ leku Fkk
1- i- Qknj osQ nq[k dk dkj.k D;k Fkk\
G
AN
9- ys[kd I+kQknj dh e`R;q ij bZ'oj ls dkSu&lk ç'u iwNuk
lcdks lq[k nsrh gSA pkgrk gS rFkk D;ksa\
H
3- iQknj dkfey cqYosQ dks lcls vf/d fpark fdl ckr mRrj % I+kQknj cqYosQ dh e`R;q ”kgjckn vFkkZr~ xzSaxhu jksx osQ dkj.k
AS
dh Fkh vkSj D;ksa\ ^ekuoh; d#.kk dh fnO; ped* gqbZ tks fd ,d rjg dk ”kgjhyk vkSj d"Vlkè; iQksM+k gksrk
ikB osQ vk/kj ij Li"V dhft,A gSA mudh e`R;q ij ys[kd bZ'oj ls iwNuk pkgrk gS fd ftl
AK
[CBSE 2011 (Term-II)] O;fDr dh jxksa esa nwljksa osQ fy, feBkl Hkjs ve`r osQ vykok
mRrj % I+kQknj dkfey cqYosQ dks lcls vf/d fpark ¯gnh dks vkSj oqQN ugha Fkk mlosQ fy, bl ”kgj dk foèkku D;ksa\ çHkq
PR
jk"VªHkk"kk osQ :i esa ns[kus dh FkhA D;ksafd os gj eap ls dh vkLFkk gh ftldk vfLrRo Fkk] mlosQ fy, mez osQ bl
viuh rdyhiQ c;ku djrs FksA ¯gnh jk"VªHkk"kk cus mlosQ vafre iM+ko ij bruh ;kruk D;ksa\
S
fy, vdkV~; roZQ nsrs FksA blosQ lkFk ¯gnh okyksa osQ }kjk
ER
¯gnh dh mis{kk djus ij >q¡>yk iM+rs FksA 10- I+kQknj us laU;kl dc fy;k rFkk laU;kl ysrs le;
dkSu&lh 'krZ j[kh\
4- I+kQknj dh e`R;q ij jksus okyksa dh deh D;ksa ugha Fkh\
TH
fj'rk cukdj rksM+rs ugha FksA nlksa o"kZ ckn Hkh fj'rksa dh xa/ vkSj os Hkkjr vk x,A
eglwl gksrh FkhA os tgk¡ dgha Hkh tkrs Fks rks ogk¡ osQ vius 11- I+kQknj dks ;kn djuk 'kkar laxhr&lk D;ksa yxrk gS\
L
YA
ifjfprksa ls vo'; feyrs FksA tSls fd fnYyh vkus ij mRrj % I+kQknj dks ;kn djosQ ,d mnklh vkSj 'kkafr&lh Nk tkrh gSA
ys[kd lsA Bhd oSlh gh mnkl 'kkafr tSls mnkl 'kkar laxhr lquus ij
O
5- I+kQknj dh e`R;q dc vkSj dgk¡ gqbZ\ mudk vafre laLdkj vuqHko gksrk gSA D;ksafd I+kQknj dk laiw.kZ thou d#.kk]
G
dgk¡ fd;k x;k\ okRlY; vkSj viuRo ls Hkjk FkkA os lHkh ls Lusg vkSj
mRrj % I+kQknj dkfey cqYosQ dh e`R;q 18 vxLr] 1982 dks fnYyh viusiu ls feyrs FksA
esa gqbZA mudk vafre laLdkj fnYyh osQ d'ehjh xsV osQ
fudylu dczxkg esa fd;k x;kA 12- I+kQknj dkfey cqYosQ tSls lkSE; vkSj Lusfgy LoHkko osQ
O;fDr fdl ckr ij >q¡>yk mBrs Fks\
6- I+kQknj osQ vafre laLdkj esa dkSu&dkSu yksx mifLFkr Fks\
[CBSE 2011 (Term-II)]
mRrj % I+kQknj dkfey cqYosQ osQ vafre laLdkj esa tSusaæ oqQekj]
mRrj % I+kQknj ¯gnh dks jk"VªHkk"kk cukus osQ leFkZd FksA blh dkj.k gj
fot;sæa Lukrd] vftr oqQekj] MkW- fueZyk tSu] MkW- lR;çdk'k
vkSj MkW- j?kqoa'k vkSj Lo;a ys[kd mifLFkr FksA eap ij ¯gnh dks viukus dh ckr djrs FksA tc yksx ¯gnh
osQ fodkl esa jksM+s vVdkrs Fks rks I+kQknj cgqr >q>
a ykrs FksA mUgsa
7- ys[kd dks I+kQknj osQ okRlY;e; :i dk vuqHko oSQls
¯gnh dh mis{kk djus okys ¯gnh Hkkf"k;ksa ij nq[k gksrk FkkA
gqvk\
AN
14- I+kQknj cqYosQ osQ O;fDrRo dk dkSu&lk igyw vkidks mRrj % I+kQknj cqYosQ ftlls Hkh fj'rk cukrs] mls rksM+rs ugha FksA tc
vPNk yxrk gS rFkk D;ksa\ Hkh os fnYyh vkrs] ys[kd ls feyus ”k:j vkrsA ifjokj osQ
H
mRrj % I+kQknj cqYosQ osQ O;fDrRo dk ckg~;i{k cgqr lqanj] lkSE; vkSj lHkh lnL;ksa dk gkypky iwNrsA fdlh Hkh mRlo vkSj laLdkj
AS
'kkar FkkA muesa vlhe eerk vkSj Lusg FkkA os lnk lHkh dks esa cM+s HkkbZ vkSj iqjksfgr dh rjg [kM+s gks lcdks vk'khokZn
xys yxkrsA nwljksa osQ d"Vksa dks nwj djus dk ç;kl djrsA nsrsA vr% og ladYi ls laU;klh Hkys gh Fks] ij eu ls ughaA
AK
ftlls Hkh feyrs vlhe çse] Lusg vkSj [kqys fny ls feyrsA 18- Hkkjr vkus osQ ckn I+kQknj dh f'k{kk vkSj dk;ks± ij
muosQ psgjs ij ,d 'kkafr FkhA I+kQknj osQ O;fDrRo dk ;g
PR
çdk'k Mkfy,A
i{k eq>s cgqr vPNk yxrk gSA mRrj % Hkkjr vkus osQ ckn I+kQknj us iknfj;ksa osQ chp èkekZpkj dh
15- I+kQknj cqYosQ osQ ifjokj esa dkSu&dkSu Fkk\ mUgsa lcls
S
T;knk fdldh ;kn vkrh Fkh\ ls ,e-,- fd;kA ç;kx fo'ofon~;ky; ls ¯gnh esa 'kksèk çcaèk
mRrj % I+kQknj cqYosQ osQ ifjokj esa muosQ ekrk&firk] nks HkkbZ vkSj ,d fy[kkA jk¡ph osQ lsaV tsfo;lZ dkWyst esa ¯gnh o laLÑr osQ
TH
cgu FkhA muosQ firk O;olk;h FksA ,d HkkbZ iknjh gks x;k foHkkxkè;{k cusA ckbfcy dk ¯gnh esa vuqokn fd;k vkSj
Fkk rFkk nwljk dke djrk FkkA I+kQknj dks lcls ”;knk viuh ,d vaxzsth&¯gnh 'kCndks'k rS;kj fd;kA
O
ek¡ dh ;kn vkrh FkhA os viuh ek¡ ls cgqr çse djrs FksA
R
B
gks jgs gSa)A bu lcosQ ihNs D;k&D;k dkj.k gks ldrs gSa\ ^^I+kQknj cqYosQ ladYi ls laU;klh FksA dHkh&dHkh yxrk gS
irk yxkb,A og eu ls laU;klh ugha FksA** ys[kd us ,slk D;ksa dgk gS\
^laLej.k* fdls dgrs gSa\
vius ns'k esa mPp f'k{kk u xzg.k dj vU; ns'k esa tkdj ^laLej.k* ,oa ^vkRedFkk* fo/kvksa esa varj crkb,A
f'kf{kr gksus dh D;k lkFkZdrk gS\ vki bls dgk¡ rd mfpr
ekurs gSa\ bl ij d{kk esa okn&fookn dk vk;kstu fd;k x`g&dk;Z
tk ldrk gSA Jherh egknsoh oekZ n~okjk fyf[kr laLej.k ^jktsanz ckcw*
fo'o izfln~/ flrkjoknd ia- jfo'kadj dh thou&xkFkk if<+, vkSj mudh fo'ks"krk,¡ tkfu,A
i<+dj mudh miyfC/;ksa dks tkudj ;g crkb, fd D;k os enj Vsjslk dk laf{kIr thou ifjp; fyf[k,A
8 © GOYAL BROTHERS PRAKASHAN