Encephalitis
 Encephalitis is inflammation of
the brain.Severity is variable. Symptoms may
include headache, fever, confusion, a stiff neck,
and vomiting.Complications may
include seizures, hallucinations, trouble
speaking, memory problems, and problems
with hearing.
 Causes of encephalitis include viruses such
as herpes simplex virus and rabies as well
as bacteria, fungi, or parasites.Other causes
include autoimmune diseases and certain
medications.
 In 2015, encephalitis was estimated to have
affected 4.3 million people and resulted in
150,000 deaths worldwide.
Meningitis
 Meningitis is an acute inflammation of the
protective membranes covering
the brain and spinal cord, known collectively as
the meninges.
 The inflammation may be caused by infection
with viruses, bacteria, or other microorganisms,
and less commonly by certain drugs.
 Meningitis can be life-threatening because of
the inflammation's proximity to the brain and
spinal cord; therefore, the condition is classified
as a medical emergency.
 In 2015 meningitis occurred in about 8.7 million
people worldwide.This resulted in 379,000
deaths – down from 464,000 deaths in
1990.With appropriate treatment the risk of
death in bacterial meningitis is less than 15%.
Polio
 Poliomyelitis, often called polio or infantile
paralysis, is an infectious disease caused by
the poliovirus.In about 0.5 percent of cases there
is muscle weakness resulting in an inability to
move.
 Poliovirus is usually spread from person to
person through infected fecal matter entering the
mouth.It may also be spread by food or water
containing human feces and less commonly from
infected saliva.
 In those with muscle weakness about 2 to 5
percent of children and 15 to 30 percent of adults
die.Another 25 percent of people have minor
symptoms such as fever and a sore throat and up
to 5 percent have headache, neck stiffness and
pains in the arms and legs.
Carpal Tunnel
Alzheimer’s Disease
Syndrome
 Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a medical
condition due to compression of the median
nerve as it travels through the wrist at the carpal
tunnel.
 The main symptoms
are pain, numbness and tingling in the thumb,
index finger, middle finger and the thumb side of
the ring fingers.Symptoms typically start
gradually and during the night.Pain may extend
up the arm.Weak grip strength may occur, and
after a long period of time the muscles at the
base of the thumb may waste away.
 Carpal tunnel syndrome is estimated to affect
one out of ten people.
DISEASE AFFECTING
NERVOUS SYSTEMS
 Alzheimer's disease (AD), also referred to
simply as Alzheimer's, is a
chronic neurodegenerative disease that
usually starts slowly and worsens over time.
 It is the cause of 60–70% of cases
of dementia.The most common early
symptom is difficulty in remembering recent
events (short-term memory loss).
 About 70% of the risk is believed to
be genetic with many genes usually
involved.Other risk factors include a history
of head injuries, depression,
or hypertension.The disease process is
associated with plaques and tangles in
the brain. JEROME PAULO B. MIRA
10-CREAM