Logic PL-120

Home Work 12
Submit by: 3:00pm, April 29th
A. Follow the prompt and answer the following exercises of Sec. 8.7B (Include the
relevant truth-table. And state explicitly whether the argument is valid or invalid):
3, 4, 6, 8
Example:
1. (C v D)  (C ^ D)
C^D // C v D
Answer:
P2 C P1
C D C^D CvD (C v D)  (C ^ D)
T T T T T
T F F T F
F T F T F
F F F F T
VALID

B. Follow the prompt and answer the following exercises of Sec. 8.7C (Include the
relevant truth-table. And state explicitly whether the argument is valid or invalid. You
will need to rewrite the argument first in symbolic form): 4, 7, 8

Example:
1. If Greece strengthens its democratic institutions, then Hungary will pursue a more independent
policy. If Greece strengthens its democratic institutions, then the Italian government will feel less
threatened. Hence, if Hungary pursues a more independent policy, the Italian government will
feel less threatened.

Answer:
First symbolize the argument:
1. G  H
2. G  I // H  I

Then do the truth table:

P1 P2 C
G H I GH GI HI
T T T T T T
T T F T F F
T F T F T T
 T F F F F T
F T T T T T
F T F T T F
F F T T T T
F F F T T T

INVALID

C. Follow the prompt and answer the following exercises of Sec. 8.8B (Include the
relevant truth-table): 4, 6, 7

Example:
1. p  [p  (q ^ ~q)]

Answer:

p q ~q q ^ ~q p  (q ^ ~q) p  [p  (q ^ ~q)]

T T F F F F
T F T F F F
F T F F T T
F F T F T T

CONTINGENT

D. Follow the prompt and answer the following exercises of Sec. 8.8C (Include the
relevant truth-table): 4, 11, 13

Example:
1. p ≡ [p ^ (q  p)]

Answer:

p q qp p ^ (q  p) p ≡ [p ^ (q  p)]

T T T T T
T F T T T
 F T F F T
F F T F T

TAUTOLOGY