Concrete Society Technical Report No. 27 Design of concrete masonry diaphragm walls Cy Cee emer Ce mula Cu elas Mi Aeoec ReeAuthors G. Shaw FistructE, MConsE W. G. Curtin and Partners J.K. Beck mistructe W.G. Curtin and Partners Review Panel ‘T.W. Kitkbride Bsc, mice (Chaitman) The Concrete Society D. Goodenough ARC Conbloc Limited J.J. Roberts Bse(Eng), PhO, MICE, Mistuet MBIM Cement and Conerete Association D. J. Stoaling aSc(Eng). MICE, MISwuctE LG. Mouchel and Partners, Concrete Society Technical Report No.27, Fist pubiched 1985 's8N 0721013260 Published by The Concrete Society Devon House, 12-18 Darimouth Street, London SW1H 98, Designed by the Cement and Conc Wesham Springs Slough SL36PL Association Further copies may be obtained fom: Pubiications Distibution, Cement and Concrete Association \Wexham Springs, Slough SL3 6PL ‘quoting reference umber 63.083 Price Group C55 ©The Concrete Society 1985, Although The Concrete Society (limited by guarantee) does its best ‘ensure Tat any edwin, ecommendation or information ftmay ave ‘Stherin this publication or elsewhere i aceurate, a aly responsibility of any kind (including aby for negligence) howsoever and rom whatsoever cause arising, s accepted inthis respect bythe Society. servants or agents Printedin Great Britain by Herr Ling Lid, a the Dorset Press Dochester Dorset Foreword Over the past ten to twenty years there has been a revival in the use of loadbearing masonry. This has been particularly noteworthy in the case of tal, single-storey structures, such as factories, warehouses, supermarkets, and sports halls, which account for a large number of the buildings constructed in this country and abroad Prior to this revival the traditional masonry design solution for dealing with large vertical and horizontal loads was to increase the thickness of the masonry, This ‘was wasteful of material, uneconomic in construction and ultimately led to the demise of the material 2s a structural medium and its replacement by concrete and steel. However, the introduction and development of the masonry diaphragm wall with its greatly improved slenderness ratio and section modulus has awakened the interest of a new generation of designers in the use of the system and a significant number of single-storey structures have been designed and built. Research, which has been underway for a number of years, is, yielding valuable data for use where a conservative design approach has hitherto been necessary. This guide provides the information which structurat engineers need to design masonry diaphragm walls and includes two fully worked examples. It supplements BS. 5628 Code of Practice for the use of masonry: Part 1 Structural use of unreinforced masonry which does not yet cover all aspects of the problem. The guide is based on the experience of the authors and will be of considerable help to designers seeking advantageous applications of a proven technique.Concrete Society Technical Report No. 27 June 1985 ‘Summary This Ropor is a design guide which provides the information required by structural enginees to design concrete masonry diaphagm vill ‘The sizes and types af concrete units which may be used for these ‘walls are discussed and information s provided on aspects such a5 sppearance, moisture penetration, movement joints, openings, services and acoustic and thermal properties. Key points on constuction and fconomy are noted, Desigh incipes are comprehensively explained and the background tothe design method is uly detailed. Worked examples are provided covering a single-storey warehouse and a fetaining wall: Design graphs and table are provided ana the report is ilustated by numerous sketches and figures. Contents 1 Introduction, general arrangements and details.......... = «page 2 1.1 Introduction 1.2 General arrangements and details, 1.2.1 Wall section 1.2.2 Wall/roof interaction 1.2.3 Appearance and bonding 1.2.4 Acoustic and thermal properties 1.2.5 Moisture penetration 1 1 1 2.6 Movement joints 2.7 Openings in walls 2.8 Services 1.2.9 Foundations 1.3 Construction 1.3.1 Damp-proof courses and membranes 1.3.2 Temporary propping 1.3.3 Void cleaning Economics Other applications Potential for development and requirements for research 2 Design principles. 2.1. Design symbols 2.2 Lateral loading 2.2.1 Determination of centres of cross-ribs 2.2.2 Typical design dimensions 2.3. Properties of sections 2.3.1 Concrete blockwork 2.3.2. Concrete brickwork 2.4 Assumed behaviour of a diaphragm wall 2.4.1 Stability moment of resistance (MA,) 2.4.2 Design bending moments 2.4.3 Allowable flexural stresses 2.4.4 Trial section coefficients Kand Z 2.4.5 Shear stress coefficient K, 2.8 Vertical loading only 2.5.1 Slendemess ratio 2.5.2 Effective height 2.5.3 Effective thickness 2.5.4 Eccentricity of vertical loading 2.5.8 Capacity reduction factor B Design of concrete masonry diaphragm walls Report of a Concrete Society Working Party 3. Design procedure and worked examples. .... 21 Worked example 1: Warehouse building Worked example 2: Retaining wall in unreinforced masonry (uncracked section) 4 Bibliography...