Maryhill College, Inc.

Localization - Contextualization Strategy in Teaching Araling Panlipunan

A Thesis in Statistics
Presented to Ms. Teresa Buelba

Maryhill College
Lucena City

In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Degree
Bachelor of Elementary Education

Lyneth M. Iloilo

November 2018

CHAPTER I
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Introduction

In education, study habits contribute significantly in the development of knowledge and

perceptual capacities. Study habits tell a person that how much he will learn and how far he

wants to go, and how much he wants to earn. These all could be decided with the help of

one’s study habits, throughout the life. Therefore, it is assumed that study habits are

correlates of scholastic or academic achievement. Study habit is; buying out a dedicated

scheduled and un-interrupted time to apply one’s self to the task of learning. Without it, one

does not grow and becomes self –limiting in life. How a student takes his or her studies,

greatly determines his/her level of academic achievements. The level of preparation and

learning strategies developed and employed consciously by students, go a long way to

influence their level of academic performance. Thus, study habit is one of the greatest

students or learning factors that hugely influences students’ academic achievements. If

undermined by students at all levels, teachers, administrators, parents and guardians, school

counselors and the government, then, the trend and menace of students’ abysmal

performance in both internal and external examinations would continue to boom and become

more devastating and alarming.

Chapter 2
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REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURES AND STUDIES

This chapter presents the review of related literature and studies. It includes the views

of different authors and outputs of the previous studies.

Related Literature

Study habits are termed as the methods of study of students. Study habits are

student’s ways of studying whether systematic, efficient or inefficient (Ayodele & Adebiyi,

2013) implying that efficient study habits produce positive academic performance while

inefficient study habits lead to academic failure. Marquez (2009) also pointed out that a

student who is successful in his desired career has good study habits. In line with this, she

stated that students should apply these habits to all of their classes. She also suggested that

the students should not try to study all the subjects in a single period. However, every student

has his own study habits depending on his preferences with regards to the duration of time

devoted in studying, what place or environment would be the best venue to study, the study

skills and techniques will the student utilize during his study and more. It will depend upon

the person if he is voluntarily interested in studying or be prompted by the distraction of

the social networking sites such as Facebook, twitter ,instagram, tumblr, etc. which all of

these can be easily accessed through their phones and majority of the students possesses a

smartphone as what they’ve called it. Studying is the key to excel in one’s academic

performance, because it not only prepares a student to excel in class but reinforces the

lessons that already been taught .Academic excellence or achievement plays an important
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role in an individual placement, be it in the academic institutions or job placement. Due to

this, many people are concerned with the ways they can enhance their academic

achievement. The emphasis on academic excellence which is also prevalent worldwide has

encouraged many studies about the conditions promoting it.

. The role of academic achievement as one of the predictors of one’s life success and also in

the aspect of academic placement in schools to higher institutions as well as the level of

employability in one’s career is inevitable (Kyoshaba, 2009).Academic performance, which

is measured by the examination results, is one of the major goals of a school.

Hoyle(1986) argued that schools are established with the aim of imparting knowledge and

skills to those who go through them and behind all this is the idea of enhancing good

academic performance. Academic performance or achievement is the outcome of education,

the extent to which a student, teacher or institution has achieved their educational goals.

Academic performance is commonly measured by examinations or continuous

assessment but there is no general agreement on how it is best tested or which aspects are

most important, procedural knowledge such as skills or declarative knowledge such as facts.

(Annie, Howard &Mildred, 1996) Time management has been referred to as a set of

techniques for managing, planning and appropriate using of time. According to Steel (2007)

procrastination consists of the intentional delay of an intended course of action, in spite of an

awareness of negative outcomes, and according to Ferrari, O’Callaghan and Newbegin,

(2005) it often results in unsatisfactory performance (Klassen, Krawchuk & Rajani, 2008).

Academic procrastination also was defined as leaving academic tasks, such as preparing for

exams and doing homework to the last minute and to feel discomfort out of this (Çapan,
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2010). Anecdotally, it has been suggested that approximately 95% of all college students

procrastinate (Ellis & Knaus, 1977). Other researchers have estimated the prevalence of

procrastination among college students to vary between 25%and 50% depending on the type

of academic tasks being completed (Solomon & Rothblum,1984). Furthermore, several

studies have found a moderate to strong negative correlation between academic

procrastination and academic performance (Van Eerde, 2003). For college students

particularly, academic procrastination has been associated with guilt, stress, neuroticism, low

self-esteem and low grades (Fritzsche, Young & Hickson, 2003).A direct relationship exists

between Social media usage and the academic performance of students in universities.

However, the darker side within technological evolution has resulted in dilemmas such as

the setback of real values of life especially among students who form the majority of users

interacting through the use of social networking sites. Online social networking sites focus on

building and reflecting social associations among people who share interests and or

activities. With so many social networking sites displayed on the internet, students are

tempted to abandon their homework and reading times in preference for chatting online with

friends. Many students are now addicted to the online rave of the moment, with Facebook,

Twitter etc. Today most youths and students possess Facebook accounts. The reason most of

them perform badly in school might not be far- fetched. While many minds might be quick

to blame the poor quality of teachers, they might have to think even harder, if they have not

the Facebook frenzy (Oche & Aminu .2010). Olubiyi (2012) noted that these days’ students

are so engrossed in the social media that they are almost 24 hours online. Even in classrooms
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and lecture theatres, it has been observed that some students are always busy pinging, going

or Facebooking, while lectures are on.

Related Studies

The study conducted by Marcus Credé and Nathan R. Kuncel (2008) at the

University of Albany reveals that study habit, skill, and attitude inventories and constructs

were found to rival standardized tests and previous grades as predictors of academic

performance, yielding substantial incremental validity in predicting academic performance.

The meta-analysis examined the construct validity and predictive validity of 10 study skill

constructs for college students .They found that study skill inventories and constructs are

largely independent of both high school grades and scores on standardized admissions tests

but moderately related to

various personality constructs; these results were inconsistent with previous theories. Study

motivationand study skills exhibit the strongest relationships with both grade point average

and grades in individual classes. They also said that Academic specific anxiety was found to

be an important negative predictor of performance. In addition, significant variation in the

validity of specific inventories is shown. Scores on traditional study habit and attitude

inventories are the

most predictive of performance, whereas scores on inventories based on the popular depth-

of- processing perspective are shown to be least predictive of the examined criteria.

Overall, study habit and skill measures improve prediction of academic performance more

than any other non-cognitive individual difference variable examined to date and should be
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regarded as the third pillar of academic success. According to the how-to-study.com (2009),

students who are very successful in their desired career have good study habits. It is stated in

the website that students apply these habits to all of their classes. The website also

recommends some tips in improving study habits. The website also suggests that the student

should try not to study all the subjects in just a period. The website also added that if you try

to do too much studying at one time, you will tire and your studying will not be very

effective. Space the work you have to do over shorter periods of time. Taking short breaks

will restore your mental energy. A study conducted by University of Kentucky was to

determine if the college success can be improved with the Student Attitude Inventory (SAI).

The inventory was developed in Britain and contains 47 items which attempt to identify

students in higher education on the basis of: (1)motivation, (2) study methods, (3)

examination technique, and (4) lack of distractions towards academic work. Students in six

Kentucky community colleges were asked to express their attitudes toward study habits on

the Student Attitude Inventory. There were 996 students in the sample population (413 males

and 583 females). A measure of ability (composite American College Test score) and

academic performance (cumula grade-point average) were obtained foreach student sampled.

The Student Attitude Inventory did contribute a statistically significant amount of variance

beyond an ability measure for males and females. ( Mark E. Thompson,2005). According to

Mark Crilly (2000), Successful students are able to balance social activities with good study

habits. A diversion from studies will alleviate stress and help prevent from becoming

fatigued. He said that a student should make sure that he must take a break for an hour after

studies to meet with friends, to play some cards, work out at the gym, or to gab with a new
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acquaintance. For this way, that student will find concentration when he does study, if he

plans a social activity afterwards. He said, “To develop a healthy social life, develop routine

study habits. After supper, lug your book sand homework to the library, find a comfortable

and quiet niche, and study for two or three hours, taking intermittent 10minutes breaks every

45 minutes or so.” Making friends with whom you share similar study habits, and share a

table or a study space with them would be a best way in developing study habits as what

Mark said. Breus (2006) research studies demonstrate that daytime sleepiness from chronic

sleep deprivation and poor quality sleep has significant impacts on daytime behavior and

academic performance, as well as concentration, attention, and mood. Even 20 fewer minutes

of neededsleep may significantly affect behavior in many areas. One study showed that

those students with C‘s, D‘s and F‘s got about 25 fewer minutes of sleep and went to bed an

average of 40 minutes later than A and B students. From elementary school through high

school and beyond, a great many of our children are chronically sleep

deprived. With more than 2/3 of all children having some kind of sleep problem, and most

adolescents not getting enough sleep, many will struggle to meet the barrage of new

challenges, demands, and emotions of a new school year. It is not widely recognized and

appreciated just how pervasive and critical quality sleep is for brain development and how it

directly influences daytime functioning, performance, mood and behavior.

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Statement of the Problem:

This study is about Differences Between the Study Habits of Grade Six Pupils of Lucena

East III Elementary School.

Specifically, this study seeks to answer the following questions:

1.What is the socio-demographic profile of the respondents according to:

a. Age

b. Gender

2.How does the demographic profile of the respondents affects their study habits?

3.How does the study habits of a pupil affects his/her academic performance?

Hypothesis:

Ho: There is no significant differences between the study habits of Grade Six pupils of

Lucena East III Elementary School.

Ha: There is a significant differences between the study habits of Grade Six pupils of

Lucena East III Elementary School.

.
 Maryhill College, Inc.

DEDICATION
I dedicate this work first and foremost to our Almighty God who guided me in doing this.

To my family, who serves as an inspiration to me, to my instructor Ms.Teresa Buelba who

never get tired of sharing her knowledge to me, to my friends and to my BEED family.

Thank you so much.

The Researcher

.
 Maryhill College, Inc.

Definition of Terms
For better understanding of the study,the following terms are defined:

Lucena East III Elementary School is the place where the researcher conducted her study
about Differences Between the Study Habits of Grade Six Pupils of Lucena East IIII
Elementary School.

Study Habits are the behavior used when preparing for a tests or learning academic material.

Academic Performance is the extent to which a student, teacher or institution has achieved
their short or long term.
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Chapter 4.

Interpretation of Data

These data were based on the responses provided by Grade V pupils to the
questionnaire given to them. In order to simplify the discussion, in every table presented,
factual interpretation is integrated to insure the readers full understanding on the data.

* Table 1 presents the data of the demographic profile of the pupils according to
gender.

* Table 2 presents the data on the prefered place of the respondents to study.

* Table 3 presents the data on the prefered time of the respondents to study.
This study is primarily concerned with the Differences Between the Study Habits of
Grade Six Pupils of Lucena East III Elementary School.

Table 1. Frequency Distribution in Terms of Gender of the Respondents

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32%

68%

Male female

The table 1 shows that the gender profile of respondents in term of gender. Majority of the

respondents were female with a frequency of 34 or 68% percent of the total respondents

while the male respondents achieved a 16 or 32% percent of the total respondents.
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Table 2 The Best Place to Study

Nos. 3 2 1 GWM V.I

1.In a place where there is good indirect 34 16 0 2.68 Yes

lighting
2.In a room where the temperature is not 25 18 7 2.36
too warm (less than 70 degrees)
Sometimes

3In a desk or tabletop area that is always 48 2 0 2.96 Yes

clean.
4.In a quiet place and without distractions. 37 13 0 2.74 Yes

5.In a corner or facing a wall to minimize 21 19 10 2.28 Sometimes

distracting sights.
6.In a study table where nothing else can be 23 20 7 2.32 Sometimes
done except studying.
7.On a library where all the materials I 37 13 0 2.74 Yes
need is available for use.
GWA:2.58 Yes

Table 2 indicates the preferred place of the respondents to study with the overall weighted
mean of 2.58 interpreted as “yes”.
Looking closely at the table 2, In a desk or tabletop area that is always clean, have the
highest average weighted mean of 2.96 and interpreted as “ Yes”. The table also show the
least items on indicator which is; In a corner or facing a wall to minimize distracting
sights attained the lowest weighted mean of 2.28 with a verbal interpretation of
“Sometimes”.
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Table 2.1

𝑥1 (𝑥 − 𝑥̅ )2
(𝑥 − 𝑥̅ )

34 1.9 3.61

25 -7.1 50.41

48 15.9 252.81

37 4.9 24.01

21 -11.1 123.21

23 -9.1 82.81

37 4.9 24.01

Total 32.1 ∑(𝒙 − ̅̅̅̅̅

𝒙)𝟐 =581.46
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Table 3: The Best Time to Study

Nos. 3 2 1 GWM V.I

1.When I am most alert ( I avoid wasting 26 14 10 2.32 Sometimes

my times playing game on my phone or
on Facebook).
2.When the class is finish and then I take 29 20 1 2.56 Yes
my review on previous notes taken.
3.In the evening before I go to sleep. 24 21 5 2.38 Sometimes

4.In the early morning after a good night 24 13 13 2.22 Sometimes

sleep.

5.Every Sunday after church. 27 21 2 2.5 Yes

6.When I am active and relax. 34 13 3 2.62 Yes

7.Every weekend so that I will be 41 8 1 2.8 Yes

prepared for Monday lesson.
GWA:

2.49 Yes

Table 3 indicates the preferred time of the respondents to study with the overall weighted
mean of 2.49 interpreted as “yes”.
Looking closely at the table 2 “Every weekend so that I will be prepared for Monday
lesson, have the highest average weighted mean of 2.80 and interpreted as “ Yes”. The table
also show the least items on indicator which is;” In the early morning after a good night
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sleep” attained the lowest weighted mean of 2.22 with a verbal interpretation of
“Sometimes”.
Table 3.1

𝒙 (𝒙 − 𝒙) (𝒙 − 𝒙)𝟐

26 -33 10.89

29 -0.3 0.09

24 -5.3 28.09

24 -5.3 28.09

27 -2.3 5.29

34 4.7 22.09

41 11.7 136.89

Total 29.3 𝚺(𝐱 − 𝒙)𝟐 = 𝟐𝟑𝟏. 𝟒𝟑

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Chapter V

Conclusions and Recommendations

Conclusions

Based on the findings,the researcher concluded that there is a significant

differences Between The Study Habits of Grade Six Pupils of Lucena East III Elementary

School .She also found out that most students prefer to study in a desktop or tabletop area

that is always clean. It also showed that most of the students prefer to study every weekend

so that they will be prepared for Monday lesson.

Recommendations
Based on the results of the study as well as the given data,the researcher has come

up with the following recommendations:

To the students of Lucena East III Elementary School and to the others:

*Maintain a good study habits so that an individual can achieve a very good

academic performance.

*Students should really find a suitable place at a school or at home where they

can study without any distractions.

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REFERENCES

* www.slideshare.net/Lickson Mchepa/study habits

*www.researchgate.net/Study habits and its relationship with that

academic performances.

*Marcus Crede and Nathan R. Kuncel (2008) University of Albany.

* Brown, W. F. and Holtzman, W. H. (1956). Manual of the Brown-

Holtzman Survey of Study Habits and Attitudes. ( New York: Psychological

Corporation )

* Cooper, B. and Foy, J. M. (1969). Students’ study habits, attitudes

and academic attainment.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title page -------------------------------------------------------------i

Approval sheet -------------------------------------------------------ii
Dedication ------------------------------------------------------------iii
I. The Problem
Introduction -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1
Statement of the Problem--------------------------------------------------------------------------------2
Definition of Terms--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3
II. Review of Related Literature and Related Studies
Related Literature----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4
Related Studies-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6
III. Research Methodology
Statistical Treatment of Data--------------------------------------------------------------------------8
IV. Interpretation of Data
Interpretation of Data----------------------------------------------------------------------------------10
V. Conclusions and Recommendations
Conclusions ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------19
Recommendations -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------19
Reference -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------20
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Hypothesis

The researchers formulate a hypothesis to be tested using 0.05 level of significance.

Ho: There is a significant degree of concordance between the waste disposal practices

of the respondents and the solid waste management plan employed by the Barangay officials.

Ha: There is no significant degree of concordance between the waste disposal

practices of the respondents and the solid waste management plan employed by the Brgy.

Officials.

Conceptual Framework

This study will focuses on determining if Eco Efficient Hollow Blocks can lessen the

waste and make it additive materials in producing Eco Efficient Hollow Blocks of the selected

families on Barangay Talao-talao Lucena City it adopted the following theories that may seems

interrelated in the outcome of this paper.

One of the related theories of the study is the Concrete Products with Waste’s Materials

by (L. Pezzi, P. De Luca, D. Vuono and F. Chiapetta & A. Nastro, 2006), this was an economic

idea where wide variety of waste materials can be utilize as inert in matrix cement.

The theory on the other hand. The best to lessen the problem of plastic waste, to lessen

the consumption of forest based products such as CHB (Concrete Hollow Block) sand that

need black sand for product finishing the alternative concrete hollow blocks was the hollow

blocks made of waste materials, black sand, and cement (O. Marzouk, R. Dheilly, M.

Queneudec, 2007).
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Conceptual Paradigm

INPUT

1. Coastal clean-up PROCESS

2. Segregation of recyclable
Waste to non-recyclable
Waste
1. Shredding plastic and papers

2. Mixing cement and sand with water.

3. Add the shredded plastics and papers.

4. Mold in the molding machine.

5. Exposed under the sunlight and let

it dry for several days.

OUTPUT

Eco Efficient Hollow Blocks with additive

Waste materials
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Figure 1. A Paradigm on the Eco Efficient Hollow Blocks: Lessen the waste of Selected

Families in Brgy, Talao-talao Lucena City.

The figure on the previous page shown the conceptual paradigm of the study that

described the whole procedure of the study. The study determined first the disposal of waste

of the respondents by doing 1 week monitoring. This was the basis of the researchers if the

Barangay officials are implementing the Republic Act. 9003 or the Ecological Solid Waste

Management Act was enacted to provide a framework for managing the growing problem of

solid waste in the country. The next step is 2 weeks monitoring on how the researches can help

the respondents to make their waste a new product and that is the Eco Efficient hollow blocks.

After determining the amount of waste of the respondents daily, the researchers determined if

the Eco Hollow Blocks can lessen their problem with their waste or not. The last part of the

process is dealing with the making of Eco Efficient Hollow Blocks that can help the community

of Barangay Talao-Talao, Lucena City with their waste disposal and housing problems.

Scope and Limitations

The scope of this study determining if the Eco Hollow Blocks can lessen the waste

disposal and housing expenses of the respondents after using the product. The study are limited

to selected families who are residing in Barangay Talao-Talao Lucena City. The study was

conduct at the school year 2018-2019.

The researchers will conduct the study for only three (3) weeks observation in the

community. The first week spent on the monitoring of the waste disposal of the respondents

before segregating waste to make their it a new product and it was on 2nd semester to school

year 2018-2019, and for the remaining weeks spent on monitoring on how the researchers can
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help the respondents to make their own Eco Friendly Hollow Blocks in their livelihood by

continuing proposed program and making projects to aid the livelihood of the community.

Significance of the Study

The main inquiry of this study was to find out if the Eco Friendly Hollow Blocks can

lessen the waste and to make their waste a new product of the selected families in Purok

Barangay Talao Talao Lucena City before and after using the product, the result of this study

was considerably beneficial to the following:

To the Family, Barangay Talao Talao, they will be given the opportunity to make

their own Eco Friendly Hollow Blocks. By creating their own Eco Friendly Hollow Blocks

they can minimize their waste and housing expenses.

To the Researchers, This study is significant to the researchers for they will be

able to help out Mother Nature in the occurring waste problem of our surroundings.

The researchers also aim to develop a clean community that can give our future

children a clean and non – toxic environment.

To the Hollow Blocks Supplier, may it help on how Eco Friendly Hollow Blocks

increase the profitability of their business. They can provide their own products without

spending large amount of money and help to conserve sand in our rivers.

To the Officials of Local Government Unit, that addresses the need of its

people, this study will provide additional insights and background information about the

respondents on how to help the Eco Hollow Blocks in their livelihood by continuing the

proposed livelihood program and making projects to aid the livelihood of the community.
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To the Personnel of NGO’s (Non-Government Units), that support poor people

like fishermen, this study will help them in creating many livelihood projects for the

community and also for the families of unemployed person.

To the Adopted Community of Maryhill College, this will help to create their

own Eco Friendly Hollow Blocks which can be found from their community that could be

beneficial for their own used as well.

To the Future Researchers, this study will serve as a point of reference to the

future researchers who are interested in the similar study to provide additional information and

new insights on such challenging topics on waste disposal practices and eco efficient hollow

blocks.

Definition of Terms

The following terminologies were defined operationally for comprehensibility of the

study.

Eco Efficient Hollow Blocks - is a type of hollow blocks made from cement, sand,

paper and plastic. In this study it refers to an experimental product called as Eco Friendly

Hollow Blocks. This hollow block has a size of ordinary size of commercial hollow

blocks in the Philippines are definitely the subsequent: 40cm (length) X 20 cm (width) X

4 in (thickness) 40cm (length) X 20 cm (width) X 5 in (thickness) 40cm. . It is made of

85% sand, 5 % of shredded plastics-papers and 10% cement. The texture of an ordinary

Philippine hollow block is rough, The shape of this hollow blocks is called a split-faced

block, These hollow blocks durability, it can be strong in enough to fire resistant, no

combustible with excellent fire resistance properties.

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Affordability- is an ability to avail the cost price of a something.

Alternative- is expressing other choice or possible choices.

Durability- the ability to test the strength of a eco-efficient hollow block.

Segregation- the action or state of setting someone or something apart from other

people or things or being set apart.

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CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURES AND STUDIES

This chapter presents the review of related literature and studies. It includes the views

of different authors and outputs of the previous studies.

Related Literature

Related Studies

The experiences and practices of household waste management of people in a

barangay (village) in Manila, Philippines are documented. The data were gathered through an

interview with household members using open-ended questions. Interviews were also

conducted with garbage collectors as well as scavengers. Results showed that the households

generated an average of 3.2 kg of solid waste per day, or 0.50 kg/capita/day. The types of

wastes commonly generated are food/kitchen wastes, papers, PET bottles, metals, and cans,

boxes/cartons, glass bottles, cellophane/plastics, and yard/garden wastes. The respondents

segregate their wastes into PET bottles, glass bottles, and other waste (mixed wastes). No

respondents perform composting. It is worth noting, however, that burning of waste is not

done by the respondents. The households rely on garbage collection by the government.
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Collection is done twice daily, except Sundays, and household members bring their garbage

when the garbage truck arrives. However, there are those who dump their garbage in non-

designated pick-up points, usually in a corner of the street. The dumped garbage becomes a

breeding ground for disease-causing organisms. Some household respondents said that it is

possible that the dumping in certain areas caused the dengue fever suffered by some of their

family members. Mothers and household helpers are responsible for household waste

management. Scavengers generally look for recyclable items in the dumped garbage. All of

them said that it is their only source of income, which is generally not enough for their meals.

Most of the respondents said that garbage collection and disposal is the responsibility of the

government. The results of the study showed that RA 9003, also known as the Ecological

Solid Waste Management Act of 2000, is not fully implemented in Metro Manila (Bernardo,

2008).

This study highlights the results of the study that was conducted to analyze the solid

waste management practices of the waste generators, and the extent of their compliance with

the Republic Act 9003, otherwise known as the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of

2000. The study was conducted in Bacolod City, Philippines in 2007. The findings of this

study served as basis in developing a handbook on solid waste management (Ballados, 2010).

The Motiong town government in Samar has vowed to intensify the implementation of its

Solid Waste Management Program after barangay chairmen here took at one-day seminar-

workshop on the program. The activity was held at the Legislative Building here last

Wednesday, August 29.Motiong Mayor Francisco M. Langi Sr. said 30 barangay chairmen of

his municipality attended said seminar-workshop sponsored by the town government

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conducted Municipal Planning and Development Officer, Engr. NicasioPermejo. Langi said

all the barangay chairmen were educated on the provisions of the Solid Waste Management

Act of 2003 so that they would be acquainted with and help implement the law in their

respective barangays and propagate environmental preservation. He said the town

government will strictly implement the “no segregation, no collection policy” in all of

Motiong’s barangays and urged the barangay officials to put up a Materials Recovery

Facility (MRF) where they can segregate bio-degradable and non-biodegradable waste

materials. Such materials can be turned into a livelihood as, according to Langi, “there is

money in junk” (Abrematea, 2012).

A detailed investigation was made regarding the methods of practices associated with

sources, quantity generated, collection, transportation, storage, treatment and disposal of

Municipal solid waste in Mysore City. The data concerning to SWM in Mysore was obtained

through questionnaire, individual field visit, interacting with people and authentic record of

municipal corporation. Photographic evidences were also made about generation, storage,

collection, transportation, treatment and disposal of MSW. This study reveals that the present

system of MSWM in Mysore City is not satisfactory based on Municipal Solid Waste

Management & Handling Rules 2000 (Chandra, et al., 2009).

Another case study across North America conducted by Whoilistic Environmental

Consulting (WEC, 2007), yard and food waste make up over a quarter of all the ordinary

garbage we throw away. That's 25% by weight. In the U.S., that 25% is almost equally

divided between yard waste (32.6 million tons, or 12.8% of all MSW) and food scraps (31.7

million tons, or 12.5%). And then there's all the other organic stuff that could be composted:
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all the clothing, towels, and bedding made of organic fibers, plus wood, old furniture and

sawdust. Then there's paper, which at 83 million tons accounts for another 30% of municipal

solid waste. As of 2006, the latest year for which figures are available, over 64% of the yard

waste we throw away was recovered and composted, as was 54.5% of the paper and

cardboard. Only 2.6% of food waste reached a compost heap.

Synthesis

Community waste is the number one problem of every Barangay’s here in Lucena

City. Therefore; the researchers wanted to help the respondents to reduce their waste by

collecting the waste and make it helpful by adding their waste to the cement and make it an

eco-efficient hollow block.

They were two related studies cited during the study which were conducted locally

and foreign related studies. Some of the studies showed the different kinds of recycling in

different countries. Some of the studies showed how to recycle aggregates in construction.

Studies were conducted are more on making scrap materials into a more usable material.

Most of the studies main consider is to help the people to understand the Republic Act 9003

which implies the Ecological Waste Management Program.

The chapter focuses on the waste management problem and how the people will be

aware to dispose their waste anywhere or most commonly is in the seashore.

These chapters have another method to promote, which sets off before waste disposal

is waste reduction through recycling or often coined as the 3 R’s: reuse, reduce, and recycle.

On the local or regional level, reducing wastes is accomplished through these methods by

source separation and subsequent material recovery.

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CHAPTER III

RESEACH METHODOLOGY

This chapter presented the methodology that the researchers will use in completing

the study. The chapter included the locale of the study, research design, respondents of the

study, instrumentation, data gathering procedure and statistical treatment of data.

Research Design

The researchers will use a descriptive method. The researchers will conduct a

research questionnaire to analyze the respondent’s waste practices during and after the

experimentation. The researchers will also measure the change that will happen on

community waste. Experimental method will determined the importance of this product and

proper use of this product on the future housing production.

According to Patidar (2013), Experimental is the most scientifically sophisticated

research method. It is concerned with the examination of the effect of independents variable

on the defendant variable, where the independent variable is manipulated through treatment

or interventions and the effect of those interventions is observed on the dependent variable.

Research Locale
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The researchers would like to conduct this study on the adopted community of

Maryhill College which is located at the Barangay Talao-talao, Lucena City. Maryhill

College has been providing different outreach activity that helps the said community such as

feeding program, catechetical teaching and coastal clean-up.

Since the concern of Maryhill College is to help the community by providing them an

opportunity to make their barangay well-order, the researchers arrived to get some idea that

will help the community waste of barangay Talao-talao, Lucena City.

Respondents of the Study

The participants of the study were purposively selected families in Barangay

Talao – talao Lucena City which is adopted community of Maryhill College. The participants

were mostly poor family and unable to build a proper house for their family.

Research Instrument

The study made use of the survey questionnaire. The questionnaire was divided into

three (3) parts. The first part dealt on the waste disposal practices of the respondents. The

second part dealt on the solid waste management plan as stated in the Republic Act 9003 that

is employed by the barangay officials to address the waste disposal practices of the

respondent. The third part dealt on the significant degree of concordance between the waste

disposal practices of the respondents and the solid waste management plan employed by the

Barangay officials.

Data Gathering Procedure

After achieved the title “Waste Disposal Practices of the Residents of Brgy. Talao-

talao Lucena city: Basis for a Proposed Eco-efficient Hollow Blocks” the researchers started
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to draft the questionnaire checklist that aims to draw out proper responses on the objectives

of this study that was constructed. The questionnaire checklist made by the researchers and

was presented to analyze and validate by the chosen T.L.E teachers with the specialization in

masonry and carpentry together with the two D.E.N.R officials to ensure the revision of the

questionnaire that serves as the instrument in gathering data. The researchers will observe the

effectivity of the product in the span of 1 month.

The revised and the validated questionnaire will be reproduced and administered to

the target pariticipants as respondents. Gathering the accomplished questionnaire, the

researchers will check for the completeness of the data answered by the respondents.

Subsequently, the responses will be tallied, tabulated and the appropriate statistical treatment

will be applied.

Statistical Treatment of Data

To answer the question in this study, the following statistical information where

applied on the data collected.

To answer statement number one (1), the researchers will use the weighted arithmetic

mean to determine the waste disposal practices of the respondents in terms of,

WAM = _∑fx_
N

WAM = Weighted Arithmetic Mean

F = number of responses

N = total number of respondents

Scale Verbal description

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3.26-4.00 Always practiced

2.50-3.25 Often practiced

1.76-2.50 Seldom practiced

1.00-1.75 Not practiced

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page

TITLE PAGE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i

CHAPTER

I. THE PROBLEM

Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Statement of the Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Hypothesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Conceptual Frame work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Conceptual Paradigm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . 4

Significance of the Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Scope and Limitation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . 6

Definition of Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . 7

II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURES AND STUDIES

Related Literature. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .9

Related Studies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. 15
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Synthesis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .18

III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research Design. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .19

Research Locale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19

Respondents of the Study. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Research Instrument. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .20

Data Gathering Procedure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .20

Statistical Treatment of Data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 21

 Maryhill College, Inc.

REFERENCE

 Aguinaldo, E. (2008) National and Local Initiatives on Solid Waste Management &
Implementation of 3Rs in the Philippines, presented during the Asian Development Bank
Urban Day Conference on Environment and Livable Cities, Manila, Philippines, September

 Atienza, V. (2011) ‘Chapter 5: Review of the Waste Management Systems in the Philippines:

Initiatives to promote Waste Segregation and Recycling through Good Governance’ in

Kojima, M. and Michida, E., eds., Economic Integration and Recycling in Asia: An Interim

Report, Tokyo: Institute of Developing Economies. Available:

Retrieve from http://www.ide.go.jp/English/Download/

 Bernardo, E. (2008) Solid -Waste Management Practices Households in Manila, Philippines,

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences Volume 1140, pp. 420-424.

 Cabañog Assessment of solid waste management programs of three municipalities in

Misamis Occidental, Philippines [2008]

Retrieve from http://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=PH2009001180

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 L. Pezzi, P. De Luca, D. Vuono, F. Chiapetta & A. Nastro, (2006)

Retrieve from www.hindawi.com

 National Solid Waste Management Commission (NSWMC) (2004) National Solid Waste
Status Report, Manila: NSWMC.

Retrieve from http://emb.gov.ph/nswmc/ [Accessed 2 July 2012]

 (Rohit Kumar Arya, Rajeev Kansal, (2016) Utilization of Waste Papers to produce Eco

Friendly Bricks

Retrieve from https://www.ijsr.net/archive/v5i8/ART2016792.pdf

 Sumayao, B. and de Guzman, C. (2007) Evaluation of urban solid waste segregation and

collection scheme and stakeholder’s role, perception and attitude on solid waste

management, Summary, pp. 6-33. Available: International Information System for the

Agricultural Science and Technology (AGRIS)

Retrieve from <http://agris.fao.org/> [Accessed 2 July 2012]

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Thesis questionnaire

1. Do you segregate the recyclable and the non – 4 3 2 1

recyclable garbage?
2. Do you incinerate your garbage?

3. Do you consider disposing/discarding your

garbage in the sea?
4. Do garbage collector pick up your trash every
day?

5. Do you bring garbage to town and place it in town

bins? (for planning purposes)
6. Do the public and private agents collaborate on
the varying components of solid waste management
i.e collecting, disposing, financing and regulating.
7. Does your barangay utilize information systems
for monitoring and control indicators like waste
generator, collection, service coverage, locations of
illegal dumpsite etc.
8. Does your barangay separate the garbage
containers for on – site collection properly marked
as “compostable “, “non – recyclable” or “special
waste”.
9. Does you barangay strictly prohibited acts
mentioned in chapter 6 of Republic act of 9003
including littering , throwing and dumping of waste
materials in public places, undertaking activities in
violation of sanitation operation, open burning of
solid waste, causing non – segregated waste, etc.?
10. Does your barangay properly utilizes the solid
waste management fund to finance products,
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facilities, technologies and processes that would
enhance proper and solid waste management?