xii Contents

Chapter 10. Single-Phase and Three-Phase Alternating Current 161

Performance Objectives 161
Single-Phase and Three-Phase AC 161
Resistance, Capacitance, and Inductance 162
Power Factor 164
Distributing Electric Power 165
Polyphase 166
Circuit Breakers 169
Review Questions 171

Chapter 11. Solid-State Controls 173

Performance Objectives 173
Semiconductors 173
Semiconductor Principles 174
Diode 175
Silicon-Controlled Rectifiers 177
Transistors 178
Transistor impedances 179
Integrated Circuits 180
Solid-state demand defrost control 182
Thermistor Sensing 182
Humidity Sensing 184
Bridge Circuit 186
Unbalanced bridge 187
Sensors 189
Controllers 189
Electronic Controllers 189
Differential Amplifiers 190
Actuators 191
Other Devices 192
Solid-State Compressor Motor Protection 192
Operation of the module 192
Troubleshooting the control 194
Restoring service 196
Review Questions 197

Chapter 12. Alternating Current Motors 199

Performance Objectives 199
Motors 199
Split-Phase Motor 204
Getting the motor started 204
Repulsion Start, Induction Run Motor 206
Capacitor-Start Motor 208
Permanent Split-Capacitor Motor 210
Theory of operation 212
Capacitor-Start, Capacitor-Run Motor 215
Theory of operation 215
Three-Phase Motor 216
Theory of operation 216