Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Compiled Reviewer
Compiled Reviewer
An Abstract is simply a short standalone Compare your output with the original text
summary in a few paragraphs of a work or to ensure accuracy
research paper to help the reader know
your paper’s purposes.
TYPES OF INSTRUMENT
STAGES OF INTERVIEW
1. Survey – contains planned questions
which are used to measure attitudes,
Pre Interview – An interview guide is LESSON 12 – INTERPRETING AND
prepared and respondents are indeitified PREPARING VISUALS
and contacted.
Visuals
Warm-up – when questions that will make
the respondents feel at ease are asked. 1) Graph
2) Tables
Main Interview – main questions related 3) Diagrams
to the research are asked. 4) Charts
5) Visual Images
Closing – Questions are asked to wind 6) Maps
down the interview and respondents are
thanked.
A. Chart
3. Observation – allows the description of - a graphical representation of data
behavior in a naturalistic or laboratory using symbols like boxes, lines,
setting. Usually used to cross-validate the arrows.
results of other instrument. - PURPOSE: show ranks, levels,
procedures and classifications.
TYPES OF OBSERVATION
Two Common Types of Charts:
Non-Participant – allows the researcher
1) Organizational Chart – presents
to observe the subject w/o interacting with
rankings, classification and levels of
them.
ideas.
Participant – allows the researcher to 2) Flow Chart – process or direction of
interact with the subjects. steps.
Shapes used in Flow Chart and their
Structured – when the researcher has a meaning
list of behaviors that he-she wants to
observe. 1) Rectangle – event which is part of
the process; usually used for steps
Unstructured – when the researcher 2) Diamond – to show decision point in
allows behaviors to emerge. the process, generally, text inside is
answerable by yes or no
Covert – when the subjects are not aware 3) Rounded Box – represent event
that they are being observed. which occurs automatically, usually
denotes start and end of the process
Overt – when the subjects are aware that
B. Table
they are being observed.
- useful in displaying numbers in
4. Experiment – a procedure done columns.
systematically and scientifically to make a - Condenses and classifies information
discovery or test hypothesis. to make comparisons that helps the
readers grasp relationship
1. Make observations - Contains atleast two columns and
headings
2. Develop hypothesis Contains:
1)Boxhead – heading on the top
3. Design experiment
2) Stub – heading on the far left
4. Conduct/Replicate the experiment
column
5. Analyze results
C. Graph
6. Accept/reject the hypothesis - graphical representation of data
using bars(bar graph), lines(line
graph), circles (pie graphs) and Research Report – an expended paper
pictures (pictographs). that presents results and interpretation of a
phenomenon. A research report is
TYPES produced through formal investigation and
scientific inquiry.
1) Bar Graph
- uses vertical and horizontal bars PARTS OF A RESEARCH REPORT
that compare amounts and
quantities 1. Title Page – contains an informative
2) Line Graph title whcih describes the content of the
- shows trends and changes in data. paper, name of author/s and addresses or
- Usually, bottom grid scale represents affliation and date when it is submitted.
time
2. Abstract – contains the summary of
3) Circle graph(pie Graph)
findings and conclusions; presents the
- uses pie-shaped sections to show
context of the study, research
the relations of the parts to the
questions/objectives, methodology, major
whole in percentages and
findings, conclusions and sometimes
proportions
implications, with minimal number of
citations and statistical data; ranges from
100 to 250 words.
WRITING A RESEARCH REPORT
3. Introduction – explains the current
Research – a systematic & scientific way state of the field of discipline & identifies
of investigating and gathering information gaps addressed by the study
to answer a problem, establish facts and
reach conclusion. 4. Literature Review – contains the
summary and synthesis of all sources
Survey Report – a paper which presents related to the study; divided into two:
the results of the author’s research.
Related Concepts – explains some
Field Report – used in the field of social fundamental concepts needed by reader to
sciences to link theory and application; better understand the study
contains the author’s observation when out
on a field and analysis using theoretical Related Studies – based on previously
concepts from the discipline; can be conducted studies related to the study
informal and personal. 5. Methodology – contains the steps
To begin a research, you have to determine taken in gathering data for research.
your topic. When choosing a topic a Context and Participant – explains the
researcher should consider the ff criteria: number and demographic profile of
- Should be relevant, interesting and participants involved and the place where
manageable. the study was conducted.
Once you have chosen your topic, you need Instrument – presents the tools you used
to formulate your thesis statement. A in gathering the data.
thesis statement guides and serves as a Data Gethering – presents how the data
central point of all the ideas in your paper. were collected.
The details in your thesis statement can be
used as a basis for your specific research Data Analysis – presents how the data are
quations. These specific questions should analyzed.
be answered through your instrument to
support your research. 6. Results – describes the data gathered;
usually contains tables and graphs that
summarized the collected data with
interpretations.