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Lab Sheet BOD
Lab Sheet BOD
Lab Sheet BOD
EDITION:
DEPART : WATER & ENVIRONMENTAL
REVISION NO: 02
ENG.
EFFECTIVE 28/12/2015
LAB : ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
DATE:
EXPERIMENT : BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN AMENDMENT
DEMAND (BOD) DATE:
1.0 OBJECTIVE
To measures the strength of the water sample ( water, wastewater, etc) based on the amount of
oxygen needed to stabilize the organic matter in the sample.
3.0 THEORY
When a measurement is made of all oxygen consuming materials in a sample, the result is
termed “Total Biochemical Oxygen demand “( TBOD ) , or often just simply “ Biochemical
Oxygen Demand “ (BOD). Because the test is performed over a five day period, it is often
referred to as a “five Day BOD “, or a BOD5.
In addition, this procedure is only suitable for samples void of serious matrix interferences. To
gain a broader appreciation of oxygen demand, additional avenues of interest may be explored
including CBOD (carbonaceous oxygen demand), COD (chemical oxygen demand), and TOC
(total organic carbon).
Because of complications measuring this ultimate BOD (BODu), BODu is usually extrapolated
from laboratory 5-day BOD bottle tests BODt = BODu ( 1 – e-kt )
In many biological treatment plants, the facility effluent large numbers of nitrifying organisms
which are developed during the treatment process. These organisms can exert an oxygen
demand as they convert nitrogenous compounds (ammonia and organic nitrogen) to more
stable forms (nitrites and nitrates). At least part of this oxygen demand is normally measured in
a five day BOD.
FACULTY : CIVIL & ENVIRONMENTAL ENG. EDITION:
DEPART : WATER & ENVIRONMENTAL
REVISION NO: 02
ENG.
EFFECTIVE 28/12/2015
LAB : ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
DATE:
EXPERIMENT : BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN AMENDMENT
DEMAND (BOD) DATE:
Generally, high BOD indicates a high content of easily degradable organic material in sample,
and low BOD indicates a low volume of organic material substances which are difficult to break
down.
Once a general range for the BOD of a sample has been determined, the dilutions can be
established which will ensure that at least one dilution will meet the criteria for valid BOD
results. The following procedure can be used to calculate volumes for sample dilution from the
estimated BOD.
For example, suppose the estimated BOD of an influent sample is 400 mg/L and assume the DO
of saturated dilution water is 8.0 mg/L. since the criteria for most valid results states that the
DO depletion at the end of five days incubation should be at least 2.0 mg/L and the residual DO
at least 1.0 mg/L , the formulas to calculate the minimum and maximum estimated dilution are
as follows:
A. mL sample added to BOD bottle = ( minimum allowable depletion, mg/L x Volume of BOD
bottle, mL ) / estimated BOD , mg/L.
example:
minimum mL sample = [( 8 mg/L – 6 mg/L ) x 300 mL ] / 400 mg/L
example:
maximum mL sample = [ ( 8 mg/L – 1 mg/L ) x 300 mL ] / 400 mg/L
NOTE: Those sample dilutions which deplete less 2 mg/L, or have a final DO of less than 1 mg/L
would not be use in the calculation of the average sample BOD.
To determine the value of the BOD in mg/l, use the following formula:
D1 – D2
BOD5, mg/L =
P
NOTE: The samples must undergo dilution if they have a BOD > 7, otherwise all the
dissolved oxygen will be used up before 5 days have elapsed. [Note: raw domestic
wastewater typically has a BOD of around 300 mgO2/l].
FACULTY : CIVIL & ENVIRONMENTAL ENG. EDITION:
DEPART : WATER & ENVIRONMENTAL
REVISION NO: 02
ENG.
EFFECTIVE 28/12/2015
LAB : ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
DATE:
EXPERIMENT : BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN AMENDMENT
DEMAND (BOD) DATE:
mL needed = ( mL acid or base used x mL total test sample ) mL sample portion used for
neutralization.
For example, suppose 1.3 mL of 1 N NaOH are use to neutralize 50 mL of sample to pH 7.0
calculate the volume of NaOH to be added to neutralize the sample as follows:
NOTE: The dilution water blanks are used only to check the quality of the dilution water. If the quality
of the water is good and free from impurities, the depletion of DO should NOT be less than
0.2 mg/l. in any event, do not use the depletion obtained as blank correction.
Volume of Volume DO
Initial DO, Final DO, BODx,
Sample incubation of sample depletion,
mg/l mg/l mg/l
bottle, ml size, ml mg/l
BLANK
1
2
3
4
5
i. Show all the calculation and state if any of the data needs to be discarded.
iv. Determine the pollution level of samples based on the BOD results.
8.0 DISCUSSIONS
POSITION:
DATE: