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Steel Detailing
Steel Detailing
Steel Detailing
This paper was presented at the 2003 North American Steel Construction Conference.
(a) Before
(b) After
Section A-A
Figure 3-26
ENGINEERING JOURNAL / THIRD QUARTER / 2004 / 119
2000). The detailer should be familiar with the current doc- bolts and welds should not be combined in the same ship-
ument and use it in conjunction with the new DSC manual. ping piece.
Welding Welding Positions
There is a comprehensive component covering welding in The position of a joint when the welding is performed has a
the new text. Specifications for structural welding have definite structural and economic significance. It affects the
been standardized by the American Welding Society in ease of making the weld, the size of the electrode, the cur-
Structural Welding Code—Steel, ANSI/AWS D1.1 (AWS, rent required and the thickness of each weld layer deposited
2002), hereafter referred to as the AWS Code. Specification in multi-pass welds. The following basic weld positions are
requirements for welded connections in building construc- shown in Figure 4:
tion are provided in the AISC Load and Resistance Factor 1. Flat: The face of the weld is approximately horizontal
Design Specification for Structural Steel Buildings, here- and welding is performed from above the joint.
after referred to as the AISC Specification (AISC, 1999).
The fabricator should have a written welding procedure 2. Horizontal: The axis of the weld is horizontal. For
specification that should be available to the Structural Engi- groove welds, the face of the weld is approximately ver-
neer of Record (SER) and the inspector. The detailer should tical; for fillet welds the face is usually at 45 degrees to
also be informed of any special procedures that should be the horizontal and vertical surfaces.
noted on the detail drawings. The AISC Specification dictates
3. Vertical: The axis of the weld is approximately vertical.
Painting
Improper painting notes can be costly for the fabricator. On
each shop drawing the detailer notes whether painting of
pieces on that sheet is required. Often the pre-printed sheet
will have a block of information near the title block for the
detailer to complete. The detailer completes the block by
indicating whether or not painting is required. If connec-
tions require using ASTM A325 or A490 bolts, or similar
fasteners, in non-coated slip-critical joints, paint on faying
surfaces and surfaces adjacent to the bolt head and nut shall
be excluded from areas closer than one bolt diameter, but
not less than 1 in. from the edge of any hole and in all areas
of the bolt pattern. It is a good practice not to combine
painted and unpainted items on the same drawing.
Paint is also omitted where field welding occurs. Primar-
ily these areas include field welded connections and the
Fig. 6. Fillet welds.
tops of members requiring the field application of shear
studs.
Top Top
(a) (b)
1
4
1
4 3 3
1 16
4 1
4 3
Vent hole 1
4
1
4
3
Ret. 16
3
8 @ top 3
16
1
4
Drain hole
5
16
5
16
Note: A ll joints to be
seal w elded.
Fill hole
5
16 2
5 2
16
C. Discuss any information that may be miss- 1. Develop a schedule for submitting the
ing or ambiguous in the contract docu- ABM’s for material procurement.
ments.
2. Confirm what information needs to be pro-
“Drawing Checklist” produced by SEAOC vided on the ABM other than the material
Steel Liaison Committee contains a detailed size and length (in other words, mill cer-
list of items. tificate requirement, charpy testing,
domestic material requirements, etc.)
1. Member loads, dimensions and elevations.
III. Communication
2. The location and extent of section cuts and
details. A. Set up a Request for Information (RFI) sys-
tem. Each RFI should be restricted to one
3. Areas that are to be painted and the finish question. It is helpful to include a numbering
that is required. scheme that identifies the trade and company,
and a distribution list. Identifying the company
4. Areas that are to be fireproofed in the field can usually be accomplished by including the
and are to be left, therefore, unpainted. initials of the company name in the RFI num-
ber.
D. Review the location of member splices for
constructability. B. Request that direct contact be permitted
between the fabricator/detailer and the Archi-
Splices in trusses must be located such that the tect/ Engineer. Official paperwork should fol-
shop and site cranes are able to manage the low any such communications for record
weights of the pieces. Column splices need to purposes.
be located such that bolt access is possible
from the floor level and so that a safety cable C. Request that an advance courtesy copy of
may be installed in the column being spliced the approval drawings be sent to the engi-
(Ref. OSHA). neer/architect to help speed up the approval
process.
E. Determine if erection aids are required such
as lifting lugs and temporary connections. D. Establish a regular schedule for meetings
Establish the size and location of the lifting and/or conference calls and determine who
holes. shall be present.
F. Establish what sorts of details are required IV. Detailing Submittal Schedule
to accommodate other trades such as beam
penetrations and supporting frames for roof A. Determine how many prints and reproducible
equipment. If this information is not immedi- drawings are required for approval and for field
ately available then: use.
1. Provide the Owner with dates for the B. Connection designs are to be submitted well
release of the required information such in advance of the detail drawings so that the
that detailing is not impacted. detailer can produce detail drawings with
approved connections.
2. Ask if it is possible to assume “safe” loca-
tions, dimensions, and details. Proceeding C. Provide a detailing submittal schedule.
on this basis would be carried out at the
risk of the Owner in the event that the final 1. Submittals should contain complete
sequences.
1. The Owner will decide whether changes 2. Field modifications require a fieldwork
are to be incorporated immediately or if drawing, which is normally labeled “FW-
cost and schedule impacts are to be pro- XXX.” This drawing should provide com-
vided to the Owner for review before pro- plete and clear instructions to the erector
ceeding. on the modifications to be made.
2. In the event that the Owner wants to 3. Both types of drawings should provide a
review cost and schedule impacts before reference to the source of the rework (con-
deciding whether to proceed with a change tract change, nonconformance number,
or not, supply dates for when a decision customer request, etc.). This can be pro-
must be made in order that the work is not vided by either a brief description or a
effected further. code. The detailer should also keep a log
of these drawings with summary informa-
3. Some contracts require unit prices for var- tion for record and management purposes.
ious changes. Determine if the changes in
hand fit into a unit price category or not. 4. Update the hold list to incorporate non-
conformances.
4. In any event, the detailer shall take direc-
tion from the customer regarding the E. A “Punch List” will be developed and main-
incorporation of changes. tained by the inspector and will be distributed
to the affected parties. Items contained in the
Depending on the number of changes, it punch list may address misfits, untorqued
may be necessary for the detailer to main- bolts, mislocated holes, nonconforming welds,
tain and distribute a “hold list.” This list and so on. Accordingly, certain items will
will include the piece mark, quantity of require action on the part of the detailer, while
pieces, current status of the piece (not other items will not.
drawn, at approval, in the shop), the date
the pieces were put on hold, why the Upon the conclusion of the kick-off meeting, a set of
pieces were put on hold, and a release date. meeting minutes shall be drawn up by the General Contrac-
tor and distributed to the parties that attended the meeting.
VI. Quality Control/Nonconformance Issues
SHOP DRAWINGS AND BILLS OF MATERIAL
A. Review the shop and field inspection Steel is a demanding material with which to work. Its
requirements. Any alternate details should be attractive qualities (durability, strength and the ability to be
selected in light of the inspection requirements fabricated with great precision) also render it an unrealistic
so as not to add extra inspection work. and unforgiving material to be reworked on site.
Missing Pieces
(b )
This is caused when the detailer fails to produce a shop
drawing for a piece required on a job. Figure electrode
7-82 position.
Fig. 10. Preferred
DIAGRAM PRODUCE BY DOWCO-JW
rolling or fabrication tolerances would result in an under- welds made with the SMAW process.
sized weld.
Clearance for Bolting
The assembly of high-strength bolted connections requires
clearance for entering and tightening the bolts with an 1
impact wrench. The clearance requirements for conven- 62 nom inal
tional high-strength bolts are shown in the AISC Manual.
W 8x24 Col.
w
setback 1
8 inadequate
1
4
20o
A A
Electrode
W eld W eld
PLA N V IEW 5
2-L3x3x16
W 10x22
Fig. 11. Minimum clearances for welding with a straight electrode. Fig. 13. Fillet weld deposition.
DIAGRAM PRODUCE BY DOWCO-JW
Figure 7-83 Figure 7-85
DIAGRAM PRODUCE BY DOWCO-JW