CUSROW WADIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, PUNE -1.

DIPLOMA PROGRAMME: ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

Course Name: Utilization of Electrical Energy Course code: R14EE 4304
Question Bank ( Not All Questions but Some Questions Only) on Unit NO. : 1 to 6mm

Unit 1: 12 Marks Topics

Automobile Electrical Systems : Electrical components used for 2 wheeler & 4 wheeler automobiles like
batteries, magnetos, contact breakers, ignition coils, cut outs, voltage & current regulators spark plugs,
various types of lamps, alternators and dynamos, connection diagrams of these components.
A *Draw circuit diagram of the battery ignition system for 4-cylinder engine. 4 marks

A *Draw diagrams of the rotating armature type & rotating magnet type magnetos. 2+2 4
marks

A *Draw diagrams of the rotating armature type magneto & explain its working.
Diagram . . . 2 marks, working . . 2 marks

A *Draw diagrams of the rotating magnet type magneto & explain its working.
Diagram . . . 2 marks, working . . 2 marks

A *Draw diagrams of the core type & can type ignition coils. 2+2 4 marks

A *Draw diagrams of the core type ignition coil & explain its construction in brief.
Diagram . . . 2 marks, construction . . 2 marks

A *Draw diagrams of the can or metal clad type ignition coil & explain its construction in brief .
Diagram . . . 2 marks, construction . . 2 marks (S17)

A *With diagram explain ballast resistor.

Diagram . . 1 mark, explanation . . . 3 marks

A *Draw the labeled diagrams of hot (spark) plug & cold (spark) plug. Each diagram . . . 2 marks

A *Draw the labeled diagrams of long reach (spark) plug & short reach (spark) plug. Each diagram . . . 2
marks

A *Draw the labeled diagrams of spark plug.

diagram . . . 3 marks, labels . . 1 mark

A *Draw the labeled diagrams of cut out relay.

diagram . . . 3 marks, labels . . 1 mark (S16)

A *Draw diagrams of the cut out relay & explain its operation in brief .
Diagram . . . 1 marks, construction . . 3 marks

A *Draw the labeled diagrams combined unit of cut out relay, voltage regulator & current regulator.
diagram . . . 3 marks, labels . . 1 mark

A *Draw the labeled diagrams combined unit of cut out relay, voltage regulator & current regulator &
explain in brief its operation.
diagram . . . 2 marks, explanation . . 2 mark
R *List the requirements (any four) of an ignition system. 1 requirement . . 1 mark

R *List the essential requirements (any four) of a good contact breaker. 1 requirement . . 1 mark

R *List the essential requirements (any four) of a good spark plug. 1 requirement . . 1 mark

R *Compare the core type & can type ignition coils. 1 point . . . 2 marks

Draw diagrams of the rotating armature type & rotating magnet type magnetos. 2+2 4
marks
explain ballast resistor with diagram .
Diagram . . 1 mark, explanation . . . 3 marks

Draw the labeled diagrams combined unit of cut out relay, voltage regulator & current regulator &
explain in brief its operation.
diagram . . . 2 marks, explanation . . 2 mark Draw the labeled diagram of combined unit of cut out
relay, voltage regulator & current regulator. diagram . . . 3 marks, labels . . 1mark
Unit 2: 12 Marks Batteries-
Types, Comparison, Construction, working, Charging discharging of all types of batteries. Types of
connections and maintenance and applications of various types of batteries
*Define primary cell & secondary cell & classify cells. .. 4 marks (S17)

*Mention any two applications of each, lead acid batteries & nickel cadmium batteries. .. 4 marks (S17)

*Explain active materials of a lead acid cell. .. 4 marks (S17)

*Define ampere hour efficiency & watt hour efficiency of the cell. .. 4 marks (S17)
Unit 3: 16 Marks Electrical Heating & Melting:
Introduction, advantages, disadvantages & applications, modes of transfer of heat, heating element
materials & design, losses, efficiency (Numericals). Temperature control of resistance oven / furnaces,
causes of failure of heating element, electric heating methods: resistance heating, salt bath heating &
infra red heating, arc furnaces, power supply & control.
*Explain with neat diagram high frequency eddy current . (S17)

*Mention any two advantages & any two disadvantages of the electric heating. (S17)

*Explain with neat sketches i) direct resistance heating & ii) indirect resistance heating. (S17)

*Explain in brief core less induction furnace. (S17)

*Explain modes of transfer of heat. (S17)

Unit 4A: 12 marks Electrical Welding:
Introduction, requirements of good weld.
Advantages, disadvantages & applications. Types of electrical welding
processes / equipment. Types, equipments, operation,
characteristics, advantages, disadvantages & applications of electric
resistance, electric arc, ultrasonic, electron beam & laser beam
welding. Power supply for resistance & arc welding.
*Explain arc welding with a diagram. … 6 Marks (S17)

Unit 4B: Electric Drives:

introduction, types of drives, types of loads, advantages, disadvantages, applications & characteristics of
group, individual & multipurpose drives, selection of electric drive, load torque-time characteristics,
factors governing selection of electric motor, types of enclosures, heating & cooling curves, ratings of
machines, methods for calculations of kW of motor for given load cycle (numerical on rating). Load
equalization, motors for particular services, applications of electric drives.
*Differentiate between group drives, individual drives & multi motor drives.
… 6 Marks (S17)

*Mention the types of the enclosure used for motors & explain any two in brief. … 6 Marks (S17)
Unit 5: 16 Marks Electric Traction:
Introduction, different systems of traction, systems of electric traction.
Power Supply for Electric Traction:
Introduction, systems of track electrifications, current collecting systems ( conductor rail system & over
head system).
A *Draw the diagram of bow collector & explain its construction.
Diagram . . 1 mark, explanation . . 3 marks

A *Draw the diagram of trolley collector & explain its construction.

Diagram . . 1 mark, explanation . . 3 marks

A *Draw the diagram of pantograph collector & explain its construction.

Diagram . . 1 mark, explanation . . 3 marks (S16)
U *List the systems of railway electrification ? 1 system . . 1 mark (S16)
R * List any four advantages of electric traction system. 1 advantage . . 1 mark
1-more clean and easy to handle, 2-no need of coal and water,
3-easy speed control, 4-high efficiency,
5- low maintenance and running costs, etc.
U * List the essential requirements (any four) of an ideal traction systems.

1 requirement . . 1 mark

The requirements of an ideal traction system are

1. The locomotive should be self-contained and able to run on any route braking should be such that
minimum wear is caused on the brake shoes if possible the braking energy should be regenerated
and returned to the supply.
2. Speed control should be easy.
3. The wear on the track should be the minimum.
4. The starting tractive effort should be high so as to have rapid acceleration.
5. There should be no interference to the communication lines running along the lines.
6. It should be Pollution free.
7. low initial and maintenance costs.

R * List any four disadvantages of electric traction system.

1 disadvantage . . 1 mark

1-High initial cost of laying out overhead electric supply system. Unless the traffic to be handled is
heavy, electric traction becomes uneconomical.
2-Power failure for a few minutes can cause traffic dislocation for hours.
3-The electric traction system is tied up to only electrified routes.

Train Movement & Energy Consumption: Introduction, speed-time curves (Numericals). Mechanics of
train movement (Numericals).
Specific energy output & specific energy consumption
A *A train runs at an average speed of 50 km/hr between stations 2.5 km apart. The train accelerates at
2 kmphps & retards at 3 kmphps. Assuming the trapezoidal speed-time curve. Calculate maximum speed
of the train.

Data: D = 2.5 km, Va = 50 km/hr, α= 2 kmphps, β = 3 kmphps, for trapezoidal N-T curve, Vc = ?

Solution:
Actual time for running, T = D/Va . . ½ mark
= 2.5 /(50/3600) = 180 sec . . ½ mark
Let αβ/(α+β) = A . . ½ mark
A = (2 x 3 )/(2 + 3) = 1.2 kmphps . . ½ mark
Vc = AT – under root of (A2 T2 - 7200 A D) . . 1 mark
= (1.2 x 180) – under root of (1.22 x 1802 - 7200 x 1.2 x 2.5)
= 57.7 km/hr . . 1 mark (S16)
A *A train has a schedule speed of 60 km/hr between stops 6 km apart. The time for stop is 60 sec. The
acceleration is 2 kmphps & retardation 3 kmphps. Assuming the trapezoidal speed-time curve, calculate
crest speed of the train.

Data: D = 6 km, Vsc = 60 km/hr, α= 2 kmphps, β = 3 kmphps, Tstop = 60 sec, for trapezoidal N-T curve,
Vc = ?

Solution:
Total or Schedule time, Tsc
= Actual time for running, T + Tstop = D/Vsc . . ½ mark
= (6 x 3600)/60 = 360 sec . . ½ mark

T = Tsc – Tstop . . ½ mark

= 360 – 60 = 300 sec . . ½ mark

Let αβ/(α+β) = A . . ½ mark . . ½ mark

A = (2 x 3 )/(2 + 3) = 1.2 kmphps . . ½ mark . . ½ mark

Vc = AT – under root of (A2 T2 - 7200 A D) . . . . ½ mark
= (1.2 x 300) – under root of (1.22 x 3002 - 7200 x 1.2 x 6)
= 81 km/hr . . . . ½ mark
A *A train is required to run between two stations 1.6 km/hr apart at an average speed of 40 km/hr. the
run is to be made into simplified quadrilateral speed time curve. If the maximum speed is to be limited
to 64 km/hr, acceleration to 2 kmphps & coasting & braking retardation to 0.16 kmphps & 3.2 kmphps
respectively, determine the duration of accelerating, coasting & braking periods.

Data: D = 1.6 km, Va = 40 km/hr, V1 = 64 kmph, α= 2 kmphps, βc = 0.16 kmphps, β = 3.2 kmphps, for
quadrilateral N-T curve, tα = ? tβ= ? tβc = ?

Solution:
tα = V1/α
= 64/2 = 32 sec

Actual time for running, T = D/Va . . ½ mark

= 1.6 /(40/3600) = 144 sec . . ½ mark

V2 = β{ V1(1+[βc/α] – T βc } x (1/[β-βc])

= 3.2 { 64(1+[0.16/2] – 144 x 0.16 } x (1/[3.2-0.16])

= 48.5 kmph
Time for coasting, tβc = (V1 – V2)/βc = (64 – 48.5)/0.16 = 96.85 sec
Duration of Braking, tβ= V2/β= 48.5/3.2 = 15.15 sec

*With referred to traction, define: i) average speed, ii) dead weight , iii) co-efficient of adhesion, & iv)
Tractive effort
1 definition . . 1 mark (S16)

*With referred to traction, define: i) schedule speed, ii) accelerating weight, iii) adhesive weight, & iv)
co-efficient of adhesion,
1 definition . . 1 mark

*With referred to traction, define: i) crest speed, ii) dead weight , iii) adhesive weight, & iv) Tractive
effort
1 definition . . 1 mark

*With referred to traction, define: i) crest speed , ii) accelerating weight, iii) adhesive weight & iv) co-
efficient of adhesion.
1 definition . . 1 mark

R *With referred to traction, define: i) schedule speed, ii) accelerating weight, iii) adhesive weight, &
iv) co-efficient of adhesion,
1 definition . . 1 mark
Controls of Traction Motors: Starting & speed control of dc series (traction) Motor. Rheostatic control,
series-parallel, field control, M-G locomotive control, diesel-electric locomotive control, transition
methods, drum controller, contactor type controller, buck & boost method, thyrister control. Starting &
speed control of 1-phase ac series motor
A *Draw the diagrams of the bridge transition method for dc series motors used in electric traction. . . .
1 marks for each diagram (S16)

or any equivalent diagram & explanation.

A *Draw the diagrams of the shunt transition method for dc series motors used in electric traction.
. . . ½ marks for each diagram

A *Draw the diagrams of the shunt transition method for dc series motors used in electric traction &
explain its operation in brief.
. . . 2 marks for diagrams, explanation . . . 2 marks

A *Draw the diagrams of the bridge transition method for dc series motors used in electric traction &
explain its operation in brief.
. . . 2 marks for diagrams, explanation . . . 2 marks
Draw the diagrams of the shunt transition method for dc series motors used in electric traction.
. . . ½ marks for each diagram

U *List the systems of railway electrification ? 1 system . . 1 mark

1-DC traction system 2-Single phase AC traction system 3-Three phase AC traction system 4-Composite
traction system

Unit 6: 12 Marks Electric Traction: Electric Braking:

Requirements, Plugging, Rheostatic braking, regenerative braking, their advantages & disadvantages,
energy returned during regenerative braking, mechanical regenerative braking. Working of Magnetic
track brakes, eddy current brakes. Multiple Unit Control.
Draw the diagrams of the bridge transition method for dc series motors used in electric traction &
explain its operation in brief.
. . . 2 marks for diagrams, explanation . . . 2 marks

A *Draw the diagram of the electric braking plugging for dc series motor & explain its working.
Diagram . . 2 marks, working . . 4 marks

A *Draw the diagram of the rheostatic or dynamic electric braking for dc series motor & explain its
working.
Diagram . . 2 marks, working . . 4 marks

U A *List the types of eddy current brakes & explain them in brief.
types . . . 1 mark, explanation : linear type . . . 2½ marks, rotary type . . . 2½ marks

A *Draw the diagram of the magnetic track brakes & explain its working.
Diagram . . 2 marks, working . . 4 marks
U *List any six advantages of the electric braking over mechanical braking in case of electric traction.
1 advantage . . . 1 mark

U *List any three advantages & any three disadvantages /limitations of the electric braking in case of
electric traction. 3 advantage . .. 3 mark, 3 disadvantage . . 3 mark

U *List any six requirements of a braking system. 1 requirement . . . 1 mark

U *List any six advantages of the regenerative electric braking. 1 advantage . . 1 mark

U *List any three advantages & any three disadvantages of the regenerative electric braking. 3
advantage . . . 3 mark, 3 disadvantage . . . 3 mark
Draw the diagram of the electric braking plugging for dc series motor & explain its working.
Diagram . . 2 marks, working . . 4 marks
A *Draw the diagrams of the shunt transition method for dc series motors used in electric traction.
. . . ½ marks for each diagram

List any three advantages & any three disadvantages /limitations of the electric braking in case of
electric traction.
3 advantages . . . 3 mark, 3 disadvantage . . . 3 mark

Advantages

1-Electric braking is fast and cheap.

2-In electric braking there is no maintenance cost like replaced brake shoes periodically.

3-By using electic braking the capacity of the system( like higher speeds, heavy loads) can be increased.

4-A part of energy is returned to the supply consequently the running cost is reduced.

5-In electric braking negligible amount of heat is generated whereas in mechanical braking enormous
heat is produced at brake shoes which leads to failure of brakes.

Disadvantages, Limitations of Electrical Braking:

Electric braking can not be used for hold the machine after coming to the rest.
So a mechanical braking is required additionally.

For example in the case of the train going up hill, after the train has been stopped using electric
braking, it has to be prevented from moving down hill.
In such cases mechanical brakes also should be provided for holding.
During the braking period, the motor has to function as generator. So it must have suitable braking
characteristics. ie, the choice of motor is limited.
Draw the diagram of the rheostatic or dynamic electric braking for dc series motor & explain its
working. Diagram . . 2 marks, working . . 4 marks

or
It is also known as Rheostatic braking. In this type of braking, the DC motor is disconnected from the
supply and a braking resistor Rb is immediately connected across the armature. The motor will now work
as a generator and produces the braking torque.
During electric braking when the motor works as a generator, the kinetic energy stored in the rotating
parts of the motor and a connected load is converted into electrical energy. It is dissipated as heat in the
braking resistance Rb and armature circuit resistance Ra.
Dynamic Braking is an inefficient method of braking as all the generated energy is dissipated as heat in
resistances.
Mechanical Power Transmission in Locomotives: Types, transmission arrangement in individual &
collective drives.
Explain ‘geared drive’ for mechanical power transmission in locomotives. . . . 6 marks
Explain ‘gearless drive’ for mechanical power transmission in locomotives. - ---6 marks

List any six advantages of the electric braking over mechanical braking in case of electric traction. 1
advantage . . . 1 mark
U * Explain ‘gearless drive’ for mechanical power transmission in locomotives. - ---6 marks

*state any three advantages & any three disadvantages /limitations of the electric braking in case of
electric traction.
3 advantage . . . 3 mark, 3 disadvantage . . . 3 mark

*State any six requirements of a braking system.

1 requirement . . . 1 mark
*Draw the diagram of the electric braking plugging for dc series motor & explain its working.
Diagram . . 2 marks, working . . 4 marks

*Draw the diagram of the rheostatic or dynamic electric braking for dc series motor & explain its
working.
Diagram . . 2 marks, working . . 4 marks

*state any six advantages of the regenerative electric braking.

1 advantage . . . 1 mark

*state any three advantages & any three disadvantages of the regenerative electric braking.
3 advantage . . . 3 mark, 3 disadvantage . . . 3 mark

*Draw the diagram of the magnetic track brakes & explain its working.
Diagram . . 2 marks, working . . 4 marks

*State the types of eddy current brakes & explain them in brief.
types . . . 1 mark, explanation : linear type . . . 2½ marks, rotary type . . . 2½ marks
State advantages of the electrical braking over mechanical braking

Unit 6: Traction Substations:

Transmission systems, substation for 1-phase ac railways, location of substations, feeding & distributing
systems, block diagram of an A.C. locomotive. AWTTC, overlaps, neutral section, section insulators.
U *Explain substation for 1-phase ac railways. Expl. on 1 points 1½ marks (S16)
U *Draw the block diagram of an A.C. locomotive. Block diagram . . . 6 marks