RESEARCH METHODOLOGY (SRR782)

TRIMESTER 3,2017

ASSIGNMENT-1

STUDENT NAME: YASHWANTH GALI

STUDENT ID: 217600001

COURSE CODE AND NAME:

MASTER OF CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMNET (S792)
Field of Research: > BUILDING RENOVATION USING SUSTAINABLE MATERIALS
Section 1: Annotated Bibliography
Section 1A: TWO OR MORE seminal books or journal articles (5% of your final grade)
Yi-Kai Juan, P. G. j. W., 2010. A
hybrid decision support system
for sustainable office building
renovation and energy
performance improvement.
Energy and Buildings, 42(3), pp.
290-297.
Number of Citations: 236
“Many global organizations
have made great efforts to
promote sustainability in built
environments”
“The Green Building Challenge”
“Hybrid algorithm(GAA*)”
Kohler, N., 1999. The relevance
of Green Building Challenge : an
observer's perspective. Buildinig
Research & Information, 27(4-
5), pp. 309-320.
Number of Citations: 188
“Life cycle assessment”
By Building renovation, the energy consumption and carbon
dioxide emissions can be reduced. In this topic, a method is
developed for Building renovation which gives energy
performance improvements for an office building.
World leading organisations such as USGBC developed LEED
which is a built environment assessment. For getting
Sustainable design, Sustainable sites, water efficiency, interior
environment quality, Sustainable materials should be used.
It is a combination of 20 major countries for developing a
Global standard for environment assessment. A tool was
developed which generalizes the issues about energy
consumption, Environmental loadings, Long term performance,
Functionality of building systems etc.
This is an algorithm which is used for renovation solution
optimization. It determines the most cost-effective renovation
action which gives high quality at lower cost.
The notion of ‘green’ buildings is replaced by a bigger concept
of Sustainable development. Certain New principles and new
design methods are proposed which gives the sustainable
development.
• Reproducible methods
• Process data can be shared
• State-of-the-Art algorithms and valuation techniques
can be applied
 “Green or Sustainable
building?”
“The importance of building
Stock”
Section 1B:
Reddy, B.V. and Jagadish, K.S.,
2003. Embodied energy of
common and alternative building
materials and
technologies. Energy and
buildings, 35(2), pp.129-137.
Number of citations: 482
“Stabilised mud block (SMB)
filler slab roof”
“Soil-cement block”
Khudhair, A.M. and Farid, M.M.,
2004. A review on energy
conservation in building
applications with thermal
storage by latent heat using
phase change materials. Energy
conversion and
management, 45(2), pp.263-
275.
Number of Citations:1015
“Phase change thermal storage
for peak load shifting”
Green buildings are costly when compared to sustainable
buildings and normal buildings. Majority of the people could
not afford Green building. Sustainable buildings are less
expensive in investment and in running costs. Sustainable
concept integrates three domains in common framework.
• Improve the existing environment
• Adapting new techniques for refurbishment
• Creating Long term adaptable structures
A huge amount of energy is spent on preparing of building
materials and transportation of these materials. By using
alternate materials such as soil-cement block, alternate roofing
systems the embodied energy of masonry buildings decreases
by 50%, which is a sustainable feature.
The solid slab which portion which is below neutral axis can be
replaced by SMB. This gives reduction in dead weight as well as
energy of roof slab.
• This retains only ¼th of energy of burnt clay brick
• During manufacturing the concrete blocks and steam
cured blocks consume lesser energy
By suitable Phase Change Materials energy can be stored in the
walls, ceiling and floor of buildings by capturing solar energy
directly which increases user comfort and maintaining the
temperature close to wanted temperature for long period of
time. By this there is cost reduction in energy production in the
interior building which results in sustainable feature.

“Fire retardation of PCM-
treated construction materials”
Gustafsson, S.I., 2000.
Optimisation of insulation
measures on existing
buildings. Energy and
Buildings, 33(1), pp.49-55.
Number of citations:117
“The energy cost”
“Optimal Insulation level”
Erlandsson, M. and Levin, P.,
2005. Environmental
assessment of rebuilding and
possible performance
improvements effect on a
national scale. Building and
Environment, 40(11), pp.1459-
1471.
Number of citations: 44
“Conservation measures”
During off peak hours, the integrated thermal storage gives
advantage to the customers by shifting the power from the
storage system of walls to the internal electrical appliances.
By considering the safety measures and incentives, Alternate
non-flammable surface is to be added to the plasterboard such
as aluminium foil, PVC film etc. So, flammability possibility is
reduced for PCM materials.
This topic is about decreasing the life-cycle-cost of a building by
optimising retrofit measures. Heating system plays a vital role
in extra insulation and vice versa. This calls for advancement of
two factors in the meantime and it is demonstrated that this
can promptly be fulfilled by really ascertaining the LCC for
many cases and picking the situation where the LCC expect its
least esteem.
The genuine cost for the district heat along these lines relies
upon the measure of the building and furthermore on the
measure of insulation added to the atmosphere shield.
The life-cycle-cost includes the operating costs, Boiler cost and
the original insulation cost. By knowing the temperature
difference, value factor, boiler cost etc the optimal insulation
level can be known. By that new LCC can be obtained from that
value.
By rebuilding the existing buildings, an opportunity is located
for improving the environmental performance. Since many
people live and work in “old” buildings, it is of great worry to
assess what should be possible by modifying in request to
enhance the ecological performance. If real market changes
should be completed. In ay event on a national perspective, it
is along these lines of more enthusiasm to survey conceivable
outcomes and constraints related with the existing building
stock, rather than new structures if a more economical building
segment might be built up.
• Additional insulation and heat recovery of ventilation
are installed. Because of moisture damage to old
windows which are closer to water appliances such as
showers etc.
• In the rebuilding, a urine separation WC is installed in
apartments and local tanks in basements and
outdoors.
 Ouyang, J., Wang, C., Li, H. and
Hokao, K., 2011. A methodology
for energy-efficient renovation of
existing residential buildings in
China and case study. Energy
and Buildings, 43(9), pp.2203-
2210.
Number of citations:39
For the aging residential buildings an Energy-efficient
renovation is accepted widely in the developing countries. A
project is taken in China for renovation for maximising the
benefits in energy, economic fields. The results also show that
a methodology is developed for maximising the benefits of
renovation. This journal can be taken as a reference and a case
study can be done on another building located in another
country.

“Evaluation System” • Based on the subject energy information, amount of

excess energy causes due to climatic changes, by
computer simulation or theoretical analysis energy
saving effects, effects of technical ESM, suitable EER
plan by these suitable plans can be developed for
renovation.

OUTLINE LITERARTURE REVIEW

Energy consumption by buildings is of 40% of total energy in the developed countries. Many global
organizations have made great efforts to promote sustainability in built environments (Yi-Kai Juan, 2010). In
the World of buildings, the energy consumption is more during manufacturing of construction materials,
transportation also from the materials large amount carbon dioxide, other gases are released which causes
Green house effect, depletion of ozone layer. For this the importance of sustainability is increased in
Construction area. Generally, old buildings are causes of various effects. So, renovation of these buildings
using various approaches such as A*graph when combined with genetic algorithms(GA) gives all possible
renovation actions necessary to develop optimal solution. By developing a two-stage system validation for
hybrid approach, Zero-one goal programming(ZOGP) and genetic algorithms are taken to validate the
algorithm effectiveness (Yi-Kai Juan, 2010)An office is taken into consideration and renovated using the
algorithm approach. Comparison is done for the renovation solutions and the improved percentage is noted.
The same algorithm can be used in future for research on renovation for residential buildings which can
contribute towards more sustainable buildings. Green building challenge (larsson, 1998) was an initiative for
a new way of construction of buildings through sustainable and various other such as, using of natural
resources, most available resources which may cost high for installation. But keeping future aspects in mind
it is the best possible way for getting optimal results. Various assessment tools such as quality management,
data quantity, LCA, scaleable method, life cycle extension is used for assessment and probable
developments can be done. The future consists of possible, probable and desirable developments (Jong,
1995). By the three dimensions of sustainability improvement can be done in the renovation or
reconstruction of buildings.

A large amount of energy is spent in manufacturing of construction building materials and transportation of
these materials. For limiting the emission of green house gases conservation of energy is required. This
results to sustainable development. The energy requirements for producing alternate building materials are
studied by (A.H. Buchanan, 1994), (M.Suzuki, 1995), (A. Debnath, 1995). These studies are only for India,
New Zealand, japan. Alternate materials such as soil-cement bricks, LP mortars, burnt clay bricks, SMB filler
blocks which are tested show efficient building technology (B.V. venkatarama Reddy, 2001). These
alternative materials can be used in renovation of buildings for getting Sustainable building. By phase change
materials (Amar M. Khudhair, 2003), energy can be stored in the walls, ceiling roofs of building. It is done by
capturing solar energy on it. By this there is decrease in use of internal temperature controlling energy and
increase in human comfort by transferring the absorbed energy through phase change materials when it is
peak off time. PCM wall can retain large quantity of solar energy which can be used as alternative power
source in sustainable buildings. In Sweden construction of new residential has stopped which resulted to
storage of building stock, therefore the stock gets older which will be used for refurbishment. By optimising
the retrofit measures in a construction building the Life-Cycle-Cost of a building also decreases (Gustafsson,
2000). The extra insulation increases when optimal heating system increase and vice versa it depends on the
user. So, different tariffs are allocated for district heat to find out the extra insulation and proper measures
can be done. The rebuilding, renovation of a building can also be mainly assessed by Life Cycle Assessment
(Martin Erlandsson, 2001). Based on the history of the energy consumption of a building an assessment can
be done, and certain measures can be taken to overcome the utilization. The measures are Energy
conservation and Wastewater conservation. By taking certain measures, environmental performance can be
improved for new renovation building. Also, by using the pay-back time method in waste water conservation
more sustainability can be achieved. In china, Energy-efficient renovation(EER) (Anon., 2011) is used to
renovate old buildings. Through refurbishment cost-effective measures are offered which leads to
sustainable building. Before commencing the EER plan the energy-saving measures(ESMs), effects of EER and
finally a suitable EER plan is selected and estimated to its full potential for a Residential building. Taking the
China Residential building as a reference or by using the methodology of EER another case study about a
building in different country can be done.

AIM:
In the fast-developing world, building construction plays a crucial role. About 20-40% of energy is used in
building construction area of the total energy in the world. This also leads to emission of various harmful
gases in to the atmosphere from the construction building materials. So, majority of the world is interested
in construction of Green Buildings and Sustainable Buildings. These are implemented in Few parts of the
world, who has more focus on the future sustainability. Renovation of buildings by using sustainable
materials will have more sustainable effect than constructing a new building. Generally, the old buildings
which doesn’t have design considerations which include sustainability are the cause of emission of
hazardous gases. So, by refurbishing the interior of a building or renovation the building using sustainable
materials will increase the life span cycle of the building and decreases the cost overruns, conserves the
resources, decreases the Life-Cost-Cycle. This research is necessary as it produces cost efficient and
environmental friendly results, which reduces the emission of gases. By this research, on implementing it in
the real world can result in changes in the environment and this research satisfies every user. By taking a
case study research in an area by implementing the renovation using sustainable materials, if the results
show economical and environment factors. Then this could be implemented in real world possible changes
in the environment can be noted.

OBJECTIVES:
• To identify sustainable materials which emits less amount of gases when compared to other building
materials.
 • Understanding the needs of sustainability building.
• Processing various energy conserve methods for sustainability.
• Increasing the life span of the building.
• Decreasing the cost overruns by using the possible, available resources in the surroundings.
• Identify the extra sources which may lead to cost overruns in the building.
• To consider a case study and compare the results of energy used before and after renovation
• To bring awareness in the society about the use of renovation using sustainable materials.
• To identify the needs and requirements for renovating a building with different materials.
• To attain high quality standards, cost efficient results, Long life span, environment friendly results.
• To increase the usage of sustainable materials in interior refurbishment.
• To determine a method for replacing the older materials with new sustainable materials.
• To develop a method for usage of recycled materials as sustainable materials whenever possible.

REFERNCES:
.

B.V. venkatarama Reddy, K. j., 2001. Embodied energy of common and alternative building materials and
technologies. Volume 35, pp. 129-137.

Kohler, N., 1999. The relevance of Green Building Challenge : an observer's perspective. Buildinig Research &
Information, 27(4-5), pp. 309-320.

Yi-Kai Juan, P. G. j. W., 2010. A hybrid decision support system for sustainable office building renovation and
energy performance improvement. Energy and Buildings, 42(3), pp. 290-297.

Ouyang, J., Wang, C., Li, H. and Hokao, K., 2011. A methodology for energy-efficient renovation of existing
residential buildings in China and case study. Energy and Buildings, 43(9), pp.2203-2210.

Khudhair, A.M. and Farid, M.M., 2004. A review on energy conservation in building applications with thermal
storage by latent heat using phase change materials. Energy conversion and management, 45(2), pp.263-
275.

Gustafsson, S.I., 2000. Optimisation of insulation measures on existing buildings. Energy and
Buildings, 33(1), pp.49-55.

Erlandsson, M. and Levin, P., 2005. Environmental assessment of rebuilding and possible performance
improvements effect on a national scale. Building and Environment, 40(11), pp.1459-1471.