KPK fsc2 ch07 KM PDF

Chapter 7 Exercise 7.
1
 x  0    y  0   42
2 2
Chapter 7 Hence x  y  16 is the required eq of circle

b).
2 2
 3, 2  r 1
Derivation of equation of circle:
Let C  h, k  be a fixed point/centre and P  x, y  be
Solution: We have centre  3, 2  r  1
any point of the circle then Equation of circle having centre  h, k  & radius r
OP   x,y , OC   h, k  &  x  h   y  k 
2 2
 r 2 putting the values
OP  OC  CP
 x  3   y  2   12
2 2
CP  OP  OC Hence  x  32   y  2 2  12 is required eq of circle

CP   x, y    h, k 
c).  4, 3 r4
CP   x  h, y  k  Solution: We have centre  4, 3  r  4
CP   x  h   y  k 
2 2
Equation of circle having centre  h, k  & radius r
r 2   x  h   y  k   x  h   y  k   r 2 putting the values

2 2
 CP  r
2 2
Equation of circle having centre  h, k  & radius  x   4     y   3   42

2 2
r
 x  h   y  k   x  4    y  3  4 2
2 2
 r2
2 2
Hence  x  4 2   y  32  42 is required eq of circle

Equation of circle having centre origin  0, 0  & radius r
d).  a, b  , r  ab
x2  y 2  r 2
Properties of the equation of circle: Solution: We have centre   a, b  , r  a  b
1). Eq of the circle is a second degree equation in x & y. Equation of circle having centre  h, k  & radius r
2
y  x  h    y  k   r 2 putting the values
2 2 2
2). Coefficients of x and are same
3). There is no term containing xy
 x   a     y   b     a  b 
2 2 2
4). Radius must be positive i.e. r  0

 x  a   y  b   a  b
2 2 2
General form of an equation of circle
general equation of the second degree in x & y is Hence above eq is the required equation of circle
ax  2hxy  by  2 gx  2 fy  c  0
2 2
Q2. In each case, determine the equation of a
Dividing each term by a circle using the given information:
x 2  2 ah xy  y 2  2 ag x  2 af y  0 a). centre C  0,0  , tangent line x  5
b c
a a
For circle h  0 ,  1 , g1  , f1  & c1  gives

Solution: centre C  0,0  , tangent line x  5
b g f c
a a a a
x 2  y 2  2 g1 x  2 f1 y  c1  0 rearranging
x 2  2 g1 x  y 2  2 f1 y  c1  0 Adding b s g12 , f12
Or x  0. y  5  0
The tangent line passes through only one point of
x 2  2 g1 x  g12  y 2  2 f1 y  f12  g12  f12  c1
the circumference of the circle and
 x  g1    y  f1   g12  f12  c1
2 2
The shortest distance from the
 
2
circumference/tangent line of the circle to the
 x    g1    y    f1 
   g1  f1  c1  ........ 1
2 2
  
2 2
centre is radius, using formula

Thus centre  g1,  f1  & radius r  g12  f12  c1
r
ax1  by1  c putting the values
If r  0 then, circle is real and different from zero a 2  b2
If r  0 then, circle shrinks into a point 1 0    0  0   5
r
  g ,  f  is called point circle 1   0 
2 2
If r  0 then, circle is imaginary or virtual r

005
5
1 0
Exercise 7.1 Now to find the equation of circle using formula
 x  h    y  k   r 2 putting centre & radius
2 2
Q1. In each case, find an equation of a circle when the
centre and radius are the following
 x  0   y  0   52
2 2
a).  0, 0  , r4
x 2  y 2  25
Solution: We have centre  0, 0  , r  4
b). C  0,0  , tangent to the line y  6
Equation of circle having centre  h, k  & radius r
Sol: We have centre C  0, 0  , tangent line y  6
 x  h   y  k   r 2 putting the values
2 2
Or 0.x  y  6  0
Khalid Mehmood Lect: GDC Shah Essa Bilot Available at http://www.MathCity.org Page 153
Chapter 7 Exercise 7.1
The tangent line passes through only one point of Sol: centre C  9, 6  and point of circumference  20,8 
the circumference of the circle and The distance from the point of the circumference
The shortest distance from the of the circle to the centre is radius, using formula
circumference/tangent line of the circle to the
r  x1  x2    y1  y2 
2 2
centre is radius, using formula putting the values
ax1  by1  c
r  20   9    8   6  
2 2
putting the values r
a 2  b2
r  20  9   8  6
2 2
r
 0  0   1 0   6
 0   1 r  11  14   121  196
2 2 2 2
006 r  317
r
0 1 Now to find the equation of circle using formula
 x  h   y  k   r 2 putting centre and radius
2 2
6
r 6
 
1
 x   9     y   6   
2 2 2
317
Now to find the equation of circle using formula
 x  h   y  k   x  9   y  6   317
2 2
 r 2 putting centre and radius
2 2
 x  0
2
  y  0   62
2
f) C  2, 8  circumference passes through point  10, 6 
x 2  y 2  36 Sol: centre C  2, 8  & point of circumference  10, 6 
c). C  6, 6  circumference passes through origin The distance from the point of the circumference
of the circle to the centre is radius, using formula
Sol: centre C  6, 6  and point of circumference  0, 0 
r  x1  x2    y1  y2 
2 2
putting the values
The distance from the point of the circumference
 10  2    6   8  
2
r
2
r  x1  x2    y1  y2 
2 2
r  12    6  8 
2 2
putting the values
r  144  22
r  6  0   6  0 
2 2
r  144  4  148
r  6   6 
2 2
Now to find the equation of circle using formula
2 2
r  36  36
 x   2   y   8     
2 2 2
r  72 148
Now to find the equation of circle using formula  x  2
2
  y  8   148
2

2 2
g). C  5, 4  , tangent to the x-axis

 x   6     y   6    
2 2 2
 72 Solution: We have centre C  5, 4  ,
 x  6    y  6   72 Equation of x-axis = tangent line y  0
2 2
Or 0.x  y  0  0
d). centre C  0,5  and point of circumference  5, 0  The tangent line passes through only one point of
Sol: centre C  0,5  and point of circumference  5, 0  the circumference of the circle and the shortest
distance from the circumference/tangent line of
The distance from the point of the circumference
the circle to the centre is radius, using formula
ax1  by1  c
r   x1  x2    y1  y2  putting the values
2 2
r putting the values
a 2  b2
r 5  0   0  5
2 2
r
 0  5   1 4   0
r  5   5 
2 2
 0   1
2 2
r 25  25 040 4 4
r   r4
r  50 0 1 1 1
Now to find the equation of circle using formula Now to find the equation of circle using formula
 x  h   y  k   x  h    y  k   r 2 putting centre and radius
2 2
 r putting centre and radius
2 2 2
   x   5    y   4    42
2 2
 x  0   y  5 
2 2 2
50
x 2   y  5   50  x  5   y  4   16
2 2 2
e). C  9, 6  circumference passes through point  20,8  h). C  5, 3  , tangent to the y-axis
Solution: We have centre C  5, 3  , 2g  4 2 f  3
c  47
Equation of y-axis = tangent line x  0 g2 f  3
2
Or x  o. y  0  0 Therefore the coordinates of centre of the circle
C   g ,  f   C    2  ,   23  
The tangent line passes through only one point of
the circumference of the circle and the shortest
distance from the circumference/tangent line of C   g ,  f   C  2, 32 
the circle to the centre is radius, using formula
And the radius r  g2  f 2
c Putting values
ax1  by1  c
 3   7 
2
a 2  b2 r  2   
2

 2   4 
r
1 5    0  3  0 9 7 4 4 9 7
r 4     
1   0 
2 2
4 4 4 1 4 4
16  9  7 32
500 5 r   8
r  4 4
1 0 1
r 4 2  4 22 2
r 5
Now to find the equation of circle using formula Hence centre C  2, 23  and the radius r  2 2
 x  h    y  k   r 2 putting centre and radius x2  y2  4x  6 y  13  0

2 2
c).
 x  5    y  3   5  Solution: We have x  y  4x  6 y  13  0
2 2 2 2 2
 x  5   y  3  25 By comparing with general equation of circle

2 2
x2  y 2  2 g x  2 f y  c  0
Q3. In each case, find the centre C   g ,  f  we get
and
2g  4 2 f  6
the radius r  g 2  f 2  c of the following: c  13
g2 f  3
a). x 2  y 2  8x  6 y  9  0 Therefore the coordinates of centre of the circle
C   g ,  f   C    2  ,   3 
Solution: We have x  y  8x  6 y  9  0
2 2
By comparing with general equation of circle C   g ,  f   C  2,3
x2  y 2  2 g x  2 f y  c  0 And the radius r  g2  f c Putting values

2
we get
2 g  8 2 f  6 r  2   3  13
2 2
8 6 c9 r 4  9  13  13  13  0
g  4 f   3
2 2 Hence centre C  2,3 and the radius r  0
Therefore the coordinates of centre of the circle
C   g ,  f   C    4  ,   3 
When radius is zero then equation of circle
becomes equation of point.
C   g ,  f   C  4,3 d). x2  y2  x  8 y  18  0
And the radius r  g 2  f 2  c Putting values Solution: We have x  y  x  8 y  18  0
2 2
r  4   3   9  By comparing with general equation of circle

2 2
x2  y 2  2 g x  2 f y  c  0 we get
r  16  9  9  16  4
2 g  1 2 f  8
Hence centre C  4,3  and the radius r 4 c  18
g 1
2 f  8
2  4
b). 4x2  4 y2 16x 12 y  7  0 Therefore the coordinates of centre of the circle
Solution: We have 4x  4 y  16x 12 y  7  0
2 2
C   g ,  f   C    21  ,   4  
Dividing it by 4 to make coefficients of x 2 & y
2
C   g ,  f   C  12 , 4 
equal to 1 And the radius r  g2  f 2
c Putting values
4 2 4 2 16 12 7 0
x  y  x y   21    4   18 
2
r
2
4 4 4 4 4 4
1 1
x  y  4x  3y  4  0
2 2 7 r  16  18  2
4 4
By comparing with general equation of circle 1 2 4 1 8 7
r  .  
x2  y 2  2 g x  2 f y  c  0 we get 4 1 4 4 4
Which is not possible
If we take c  18
r  21 
2
  4    18 
2 By comparing with the general equation of circle
r 1
 16  18  1
 34
x2  y2  2g x  2 f y  c  0 we get
2g  0 2 f  1
4 4
1 34 4 1  136 137 137 c  2

r  .    0 1
4 1 4 4 4 2 g  0 f 
2 2
Hence centre C  1 , 4  and the radius r  137 Therefore the coordinates of centre of the circle
2  2
  1  
Q4. In each case, determine whether the given equation C   g,  f   C    0 ,   
represents a circle. If no state why not, if it is, then state   2 
the coordinates of the centre and the radius  1
C   g ,  f   C  0, 
a). x2  y2  8x  4 y  16  0  2
And the radius r  g 2  f 2  c Putting values
Solution: We have x  y  8x  4 y  16  0
2 2
 1 
2
Here the coefficients of x 2 & y 2 are equal
r   0       2 
2
therefore the given equation represents a circle,  2 

Now to find centre and radius
1 1 2 4 1 8
By comparing with the general equation of circle r  0 2    
x2  y 2  2g x  2 f y  c  0 we get 4 4 1 1 4
2 g  8 2 f  4 9 3
r 
8 4 c  16 4 2
g  4 f   2
2 2 Hence centre C  0, 1  and the radius r  3
Therefore the coordinates of centre of the circle  2 2
C   g ,  f   C    4  ,   2   d). x 2  y 2  5x  0
C   g ,  f   C  4, 2  Solution: We have x  y  5x  0
2 2
And the radius r  g 2  f 2  c Putting values Here the coefficients of x 2 & y 2 are equal
therefore the given equation represents a circle,
r  4   2   16 
2 2
By comparing with the general equation of circle
r  16  4  16  4  2
x2  y2  2g x  2 f y  c  0 we get
Hence centre C  4, 2  and the radius r  2
2g  5 2f 0
b). x2  y 2  8 y  6 x  0 c0
g 5
f 0
Solution: We have x2  y 2  8 y  6 x  0 2
Therefore the coordinates of centre of the circle
C   g ,  f   C    52  ,   0  
Now to find centre and radius C   g ,  f   C  52 ,0 
x2  y 2  2g x  2 f y  c  0 we get And the radius r  g 2  f 2  c Putting values
2g  6 2f 8 5
2
5
2
r      0   0   
2
6 8 c0  
2  2
g  3 f  4
2 2 5
r
Therefore the coordinates of centre of the circle 2
C   g ,  f   C  3, 4  Hence centre C  52 , 0  and the radius r  5
2
And the radius r  g2  f 2

 c Putting values e). 3x2  3 y 2  6 x  6 y  0
Solution: We have 3x2  3 y 2  6 x  6 y  0
r  3   4    0 
2 2
Here the coefficients of x 2 & y 2 are equal therefore

r  9  16  0  25  5 the given equation represents a circle, To make
Hence centre C  3, 4  and the radius r  5 coefficients of x 2 & y 2 are equal 1 Dividing it by 3
3 2 3 2 6 6 0
x  y  x y 
c). x2  y 2  y  2  0 3 3 3 3 3
x2  y 2  2x  2 y  0
Solution: We have x  y  y  2  0
2 2
Here the coefficients of x 2 & y 2 are equal By comparing with the general equation of circle
x2  y2  2g x  2 f y  c  0 we get
2g  2 2 f  2
x2  y 2  r 2 we get r 2  25
g  22  1 f  22  1 c0 Which is not possible because r 2  0
Therefore the coordinates of centre of the circle The given equation not represents a circle.
C   g ,  f   C   1 ,   1  j). x2  y2  16  0
C   g ,  f   C  1,1 Solution: We have x  y  16  0
2 2
And the radius r  g 2  f 2  c Putting values Here the coefficients of x 2 & y 2 are equal
r 1   1   0 
2 2 So x2  y2  16
Now to find centre & radius, By comparing with general
r  11 0  2 equation of circle with centre at origin  0, 0 
Hence centre C  1,1 and the radius r  2
x2  y 2  r 2 we get r 2  16
f). 2x2  2 y2  8x 12 y  8  0 Which is not possible because r 2  0
Solution: We have 2 x  2 y  8x  12 y  8  0
2 2 The given equation not represents a circle.
Q5. In each case, find an equation of a circle which
Here the coefficients of x 2 & y 2 are equal therefore passes through the three points
the given equation represents a circle,To make
a).  3, 0  ,  5, 4  ,  6, 3
coefficients of x 2 & y 2 are equal 1 Dividing it by 2
2 2 2 2 8 12 8 0 Sol: The points of circle  3, 0  ,  5, 4  ,  6, 3 
x  y  x y  The given points are satisfies the equation of circle
2 2 2 2 2 2
x  y  4x  6 y  4  0
2 2 x 2  y 2  2 g x  2 f y  c  0....................... 1
Now to find centre and radius At  3, 0  equation (1) becomes
 3   0   2 g  3  2 f  0   c  0
2 2
x  y  2g x  2 f y  c  0 we get
2 2
2 g  4 2f 6 9  0  6g  0  c  0
c4 9  6g  c  0
g 4
2  2 f  62  3
Therefore the coordinates of centre of the circle c  6g  9 .........................  2 
C   g ,  f   C    2  ,   3  At  5, 4  equation (1) becomes
C   g ,  f   C  2, 3  5   4   2 g  5  2 f  4   c  0
2 2
And the radius r  g 2  f 2  c Putting values 25  16  10 g  8 f  c  0

41  10 g  8 f  c  0......................  3
r  2    3   4 
2 2
At  6, 3  equation (1) becomes

r  494  9  3
 6   3  2 g  6   2 f  3  c  0
2 2
Hence centre C  2, 3 and the radius r  3

36  9  12 g  6 f  c  0
g). x2  2 y 2  2 x  2 y  0 45  12 g  6 f  c  0...................  4 
Solution: We have x  2 y  2 x  2 y  0
2 2
Putting the value of c in equation (3)
2
Here the coefficients of x 2 & y are not equal
41  10 g  8 f  6 g  9  0
therefore the given equation not represents a circle. 16 g  8 f  32  0 by 8
h). 3x2  2 y2  3x  2 y  0 2 g  f  4  0.................... 5
Solution: We have 3x  2 y  3x  2 y  0
2 2 Putting the value of c in equation (4)
45  12 g  6 f  6 g  9  0
2
Here the coefficients of x 2 & y are not equal 18 g  6 f  36  0 by 6
therefore the given equation not represents a circle. 3g  f  6  0..................... 6
i). x  y  25  0
2 2
Adding equation (5) and (6) we get
Solution: We have x2  y 2  25  0 2g  f  4  0
3g  f  6  0
So x2  y 2  25 5g  10  0
Now to find centre and radius, By comparing with 5 g  10
general equation of circle with centre at origin  0, 0  g  510  2
Putting the value of g in equation (5) we get
2  2   f  4  0  g  2  3  4  0
4  f  4  0 g  6  4  0
f 0 g  2  0
Putting value of f and g in equation (2) we have g 2
c  6  2   9 Putting value of f and g in equation (2) we have
c  12  9 c  2  3  14  2   50
c  21 c  6  28  50
Putting value of f , g and c in equation (1) we have
c  72
x 2  y 2  2  2  x  2  0  y   21  0 Putting value of f , g and c in equation (1) we have
x 2  y 2  4 x  21  0 x 2  y 2  2  2  x  2  3 y   72   0
Hence x  y  4 x  21  0 is the required equation
2 2
x 2  y 2  4 x  6 y  72  0
Hence x  y  4 x  6 y  72  0 is the required
of circle which is passing through given points. 2 2
b).  7, 1 ,  5,3 ,  4, 6  equation of circle which is passing through given points.
Sol: The points of circle  7, 1 ,  5,3  ,  4, 6  c). 1, 2  ,  3, 4  ,  5, 6 
The given points are satisfies the equation of circle Sol: The points of circle 1, 2  ,  3, 4  ,  5, 6 
x 2  y 2  2 g x  2 f y  c  0....................... 1 The given points are satisfies the equation of circle
At  7, 1 equation (1) becomes x 2  y 2  2 g x  2 f y  c  0....................... 1
 7    1  2 g  7   2 f  1  c  0 At 1, 2  equation (1) becomes
2 2
49  1  14 g  2 f  c  0 1   2   2 g 1  2 f  2   c  0
2 2
50  14 g  2 f  c  0 1 4  2g  4 f  c  0
c  2 f  14 g  50 .........................  2  5  2g  4 f  c  0
At  5,3  equation (1) becomes c  2 g  4 f  5 .........................  2 
 5   3  2 g  5   2 f  3  c  0 At  3, 4  equation (1) becomes
2 2
25  9  10 g  6 f  c  0  3   4   2 g  3  2 f  4   c  0
2 2
34  10 g  6 f  c  0......................  3 9  16  6 g  8 f  c  0
At  4, 6  equation (1) becomes 25  6 g  8 f  c  0......................  3
 4    6   2 g  4   2 f  6   c  0 At  5, 6  equation (1) becomes
2 2
16  36  8 g  12 f  c  0  5   6   2 g  5   2 f  6   c  0
2 2
52  8 g  12 f  c  0...................  4  25  36  10 g  12 f  c  0
Putting the value of c in equation (3) 61  10 g  12 f  c  0...................  4 
34  10 g  6 f  2 f  14 g  50  0
10 g  14 g  6 f  2 f  50  34  0 25  6 g  8 f  2 g  4 f  5  0
4 g  8 f  16  0 by 4 6 g  2 g  8 f  4 f  5  25  0
 g  2 f  4  0.................... 5  4 g  12 f  20  0 by 4
Putting the value of c in equation (4) g  3 f  5  0.................... 5
52  8 g  12 f  2 f  14 g  50  0
8 g  14 g  12 f  2 f  50  52  0 61  10 g  12 f  2 g  4 f  5  0
22 g  14 f  2  0 by  2 10 g  2 g  12 f  4 f  5  61  0
11g  7 f  1  0.....................  6  8 g  16 f  56  0 by 8
Multiply eq (5) with 11 and adding in eq (6) we get g  2 f  7  0.....................  6 
11g  22 f  44  0
Subtracting equation (6) from (5) we get
11g  7 f  1  0
g 3f 5  0
15 f  45  0
15 f  45
g 2 f  7  0
f  15
45
3  f 20
Putting the value of f in equation (5) we get f  2
Putting the value of f in equation (5) we get Putting the value of f in equation (5) we get
g  3  2   5  0 2 g  8  25   21  0
g 65  0 2 g  4  5   21  0
g  11 2 g  20  21  0
Putting value of f and g in equation (2) we have 2 g  1 g 1
2
c  2  11  4  2   5 Putting value of f and g in equation (2) we have

c  4 1
4
c  22  8  5 2
c  24
c  30  5 c  2
c  25 Putting value of f , g and c in equation (1) we have
Putting value of f , g and c in equation (1) we have x 2  y 2  2  12  x  2  25  y   2   0
x 2  y 2  2  11 x  2  2  y   25  0
x2  y 2  x  5 y  2  0
x 2  y 2  22 x  4 f  25  0
Hence x  y  x  5 y  2  0 is required equation
2 2
Hence x2  y2  22x  4 y  25  0 is the required
of circle which is passing through the given points.
equation of circle which is passing through given points.
Q6. In each case, find an equation of circle which
d).  3, 4  ,  2, 0  , 1,5  a). contains the point  2,6  ,  6, 4  and has its
Sol: The points of circle  3, 4  ,  2, 0  , 1,5  centre on the line 3x  2 y  1  0
The given points are satisfies the equation of circle Sol: The points of circle A   2, 6  , B   6, 4  And
x 2  y 2  2 g x  2 f y  c  0....................... 1 equation of line 3x  2 y  1  0 Passes through
At  2, 0  equation (1) becomes centre  h, k  i.e.,
 2    0   2 g  2   2 f  0   c  0 3h  2k  1  0.......................... 1
2 2
4  0  4g  0  c  0 Distance from the centre to point of circle is radius

4  4g  c  0 i.e., CA  CB putting the coordinates
c  4 g  4...................... 2 
 h  2   k  6   h  6   k  4
2 2 2 2
At  3, 4  equation (1) becomes Squaring both sides we get

 3   4   2 g  3  2 f  4   c  0
   
2 2 2 2
 h  2   k  6   h  6   k  4
2 2 2 2
9  16  6 g  8 f  c  0
 h  2   k  6   h  6   k  4
2 2 2 2
25  6 g  8 f  c  0.........................  3
 h  2  h  2    2    k   2  k  6    6    h 
2 2 2 2 2
At 1, 5  equation (1) becomes

2  h  6    6    k   2  k  4    4 
2 2 2
1   5   2 g 1  2 f  5   c  0
2 2
h 2  4h  4  k 2  12k  36  h 2  12h  36  k 2  8k  16
1  25  2 g  10 f  c  0
4h  12h  12k  8k  36  4  36  16  h 2  h 2  k 2  k 2
26  2 g  10 f  c  0...................  4 
8h  4k  12  0 by 2
4h  2k  6  0...................................  2 
25  6 g  8 f  4 g  4  0
adding equation (1) and equation (2) we get
6 g  4 g  8 f  4  25  0 4h  2k  6  0
2 g  8 f  21  0................... 5 3h  2k  1  0
Putting the value of c in equation (4) 7h 7  0
26  2 g  10 f  4 g  4  0
7h  7
2 g  4 g  10 f  4  26  0
h 1
6 g  10 f  22  0.....................  6  Putting the value of h in equation (1), we get
Multiply eq (5) by 3 and add in eq (6) we get 3 1  2k  1  0
6 g  10 f  22  0
3  2k  1  0
6 g  24 f  63  0
2k  2  0
 34 f  85  0
2k  2
34 f  85
k  1
f  85
34  5
2
Therefore the centre C  h, k   C 1, 1 Now to find radius r  CA
Now to find radius r  CA r 3  4
2
  4  1
2
r 1  2    1  6  r  1   3  1  9
2 2 2 2
r  10
r  1   7   1  49
2 2
Hence the equation of circle
 x  3   y  4   
2
r  50
2 2
10
Hence equation of circle
 x  2  x  3   3   y   2  y  4    4   10
2 2 2 2
 x  1   y   1   
2 2

2
50
x 2  6 x  9  y 2  8 y  16  10  0
 x  1   y  1  50 x 2  y 2  6 x  8 y  9  16  10  0
2 2
 x   2  x 1  1   y   2  y 1  1  50

2 2 2 2 x 2  y 2  6 x  8 y  15  0
x 2  2 x  1  y 2  2 y  1  50  0 c). contains the point A  1, 2  , B   4,3 and

x  y  2 x  2 y  1  1  50  0
2 2 has its centre on the line 3x  4 y  7  0
x 2  y 2  2 x  2 y  48  0 Sol: points of circle A  1, 2  , B   4,3 And eq
b). contains the point  4,1 ,  6,5  and has its of line 3x  4 y  7  0 Passes through centre
centre on the line 4x  y 16  0  h, k  i.e., 3h  4k  7  0.......................... 1
Solution: The points of circle A   4,1 , B   6,5  Distance from centre to the point of circle is radius
And equation of line 4x  y 16  0 Passes i.e., CA  CB putting the coordinates
through centre  h, k  i.e.,  h  1   k   2     h  4   k  3

2 2 2 2
4h  k  16  0.......................... 1 Squaring both sides we get
   
2 2
 h  1   k  2  h  4   k  3
2 2 2 2
Distance from the centre to point of circle is radius
i.e., CA  CB putting the coordinates
 h  1   k  2    h  4    k  3
2 2 2 2
 h  4   k  1   h  6    k  5
2 2 2 2
 h   2  h 1  1   k   2  k  2    2    h 
2 2 2 2 2
Squaring both sides we get 2  h  4    4    k   2  k  3   3

2 2 2
   
2 2
 h  4   k  1   h  6   k  5
2 2 2 2
h 2  2h  1  k 2  4k  4  h 2  8h  16  k 2  6k  9
2h  8h  4k  6k  1  4  16  9  h 2  h 2  k 2  k 2
 h  4   k  1   h  6    k  5 
2 2 2 2
6h  10k  20  0 by 2
 h  2  h  4    4    k   2  k 1  1   h 
2 2 2 2 2
3h  5k  10  0...................................  2 
2  h  6    6    k   2  k  5    5  subtracting equation (1) from equation (2) we get
2 2 2
3h  5k  10  0
h 2  8h  16  k 2  2k  1  h 2  12h  36  k 2  10k  25
3h  4k 7  0
8h  12h  2k  10k  16  1  36  25  h 2  h 2  k 2  k 2 k 3  0 k 3
4h  8k  44  0................................... 2  Putting the value of k in equation (1), we get
Subtracting equation (1) from equation (2) we get 3h  4  3  7  0
4h  8k  44  0
3h  12  7  0
4h  k 16  0
3h  5  0
7 k  28  0
3h  5 h 5
7 k  28 3
28 Therefore the centre C  h, k   C  35 ,3

k 4
7 Now to find radius r  CA
Putting the value of k in equation (1), we get
 35  1   3   2  
2 2
4h  4  16  0 r
4h  12  0
 533    3  2 2
2
4h  12
r
 38    52
2
h
12
3 r  64
9  25
4
Therefore the centre C  h, k   C  3, 4 
64 25 9 94  225 Hence the equation of circle
r   
 x  1   y  0   10 
2
9 1 9 9

2 2
289
r
 x  1   y   10
2 2
9
Hence the equation of circle
 x   2  x 1  1  y 2  10
2 2
2
 
2
  5   289
 x   3     y  3  
2

    9  x 2  2 x  1  y 2  10  0
 5
2
289 x 2  y 2  2 x  1  10  0
 x     y  3 
2
 3 9
x2  y 2  2x  9  0
2
5 5 289
 x  2  x         y   2  y  3   3  Q7.
2 2 2
 3  3 9 Sol: The points of circle A   0, 0  , B   0,3

10 25 289
x2  x   y2  6 y  9  0 a
3 9 9 The slope of tangent line 4 x  5 y  0 is m 
10 25 289 b
x2  y 2  x  6 y  9 0 4 4
3 9 9 putting the values of a & b we get m  
Multiply each term by 9 we get 5 5
The perpendicular line to the tangent line which
 10   25 
9  x2  y 2   9   x  9  6 y  9   passes through the point of contact  0, 0 
 3  9 
1 putting the values
 289  y  y1   x  x1 
9  9  9    9 0 m
 9  5
y0   x  0
9 x  y 2 2
  3 10  x  54 y  25  81  289  0 4
5
9  x2  y 2   30 x  54 y  25  81  289  0 y
4
x
9  x2  y 2   30 x  54 y  183  0 4 y  5 x
5x  4 y  0
Book answer is wrong I have checked with geogebra
Thus 5x  4 y  0 is perpendicular to tangent will
d). contains point 0,3 ,  4,1 and has its centre on x-axis passes through centre i.e.,
Sol: The points of circle  0,3  ,  4,1 And equation 5h  4k  0................. 1
of x-axis y  0 Passes through centre  h, k  i.e.,
Distance from centre to the point of circle is radius
i.e., CA  CB putting the coordinates
 h, k  i.e., k  0 therefore the centre C  h,0 
 h  0   k  0   h  0    k  3
2 2 2 2
Distance from centre to the point of circle is radius
i.e., CA  CB putting the coordinates Squaring both sides we get
   
2 2
 h  0   0  3   h  4   0  1  h  k  h   k  3
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
Squaring both sides we get

h 2  k 2  h 2   k  3
2
   
2 2
 h  0   0  3  h  4   0  1
2 2 2 2
h 2  k 2  h 2   k   2  k  3   3
2 2
 h   3   h  4    1 h 2  k 2  h 2  k 2  6k  9
2 2 2 2
6k  h 2  h 2  k 2  k 2  9
h 2  9   h   2  h  4    4   1
2 2
6k  9  k  32 ...................................  2 
h 2  9  h 2  8h  16  1
Putting the value of k in equation (1), we get
8h  16  1  9  h 2  h 2
3
8h  17  9  0 5h  4    0
2
8h  8  0 5h  2  3  0
8h  8
5h  6  0
h  1.................................. 2
5h  6 h 6
Therefore the centre C  h, k   C 1, 0 

5
 6 3 
Therefore the centre C  h, k   C  , 
Now to find radius r  CA  5 2
r 1  0 
2
  0  3
2
Now to find radius r  CA
r 1   3  1  9  r  10
2 2
 6  3 
2 2
putting the values of a & b we get m1  54
r   0    0
 5  2 
 6   3 
2 2
36 9
r      
 5  2 25 4
4 36 9 25 144  225
r    
4 25 4 25 100 Slope of the line segment AC using formula
y2  y1 putting the coordinates of A and C
369 m2 
r x2  x1
100
0   f  f
Hence the equation of circle m2  
2 0   g  g
 369 
2 2
  6     3 
 x   5     y   2     100  Since line CA is perpendicular to tangent line,
       
2 2 So m1.m2  1 putting the values
 6  3  369
x   y   4 f
.  1
 5   2  100
5 g
2 2
 x   2  x         y   2  y       
2 6 6 2 3 3 369 4 f  5 g
5 5  2   2  100 putting the value of f
x2 
12 36 9 369
x   y2  3y   0 4  23   5 g 6
g
5 25 4 100 6  5 g 5
12 36 9 369
x2  y 2  x  3 y    0 Putting values of g , f and c in equation (1) we get
5 25 4 100 x 2  y 2  2  65  x  2  23  y  0  0
multiply by 100 we have 12
x2  y 2  x  3y  0
100  x 2  y 2   100  x  100  3 y  100 
12 36 5
5 25 5  x 2  y 2   12 x  15 y  0
9
100   100 
369
 100  0 b).  0, 1 ,  3, 0  and the line 3x  y  9 is
4 100
tangent to it at  3, 0 
100  x 2  y 2   20 12  x  300 y  4  36   25  9   369  0
Sol: The points of circle A   0, 1 , B   3, 0 
100  x 2  y 2   240 x  300 y  144  225  369  0
The given points are satisfies the equation of circle
100  x 2  y 2   240 x  300 y  0 x 2  y 2  2 g x  2 f y  c  0....................... 1
At A   0, 1 equation (1) becomes
divided by 20
5  x 2  y 2   12 x  15 y  0
 0   1  2 g  0   2 f  1  c  0
2 2
2nd method
0 1 0  2 f  c  0
Q7. Find an eq of a circle which passes through points
a).  0, 0  ,  0,3 & line 4 x  5 y  0 is tangent to it at (0,0) c  2 f  1.......................................  2 
Sol: The points of circle A   0, 0  , B   0,3 At B   3, 0  in equation (1) we get

 3   0   2 g  3  2 f  0   c  0
2 2
x 2  y 2  2 g x  2 f y  c  0....................... 1 9  0  6g  0  c  0
9  6g  c  0
At  0, 0  equation (1) becomes
Putting the value of c
 0   0  2g 0  2 f 0  c  0 9  6g  2 f 1  0
2 2
6g  2 f  8  0 by 2
0000c  0 3 g  f  4  0...................................  3
c0 The slope of tangent line 3x  y  9 is m1   a
At  0, 3  using c  0 in equation (1) we get b
putting the values of a & b we get m1  3
 0   3  2 g  0   2 f  3  0  0
2 2
0906 f 0  0
96 f  0
6 f  9
f  69  23
The slope of tangent line 4 x  5 y  0 is m1 
a
b
Slope of the line segment AC using formula slope of tangent line 2 x  2 y  2  0 is m1   a
y  y1 putting the coordinates of A and C b
m2  2
x2  x1 putting the values of a & b we get 2
m1   1
0   f 
2
f
m2  
3  g  3  g
Since line CA is perpendicular to tangent line,
So m1.m2  1 putting the values
f
3.  1
3 g
3 f  3 g
g 3f 3  0 by 3
Slope of the line segment AC using formula
3g  9 f  9  0......................  4  y2  y1 putting the coordinates of A and C
m2 
Subtracting equation (4) from Equation (3) we get x2  x1
3g  f  4  0 m2 
1  f  1 f

0  g 
3 g 9 f  9  0
g
Since line CA is perpendicular to tangent line,
10 f  5  0 m1.m2  1
So putting the values
10 f  5 1 f
1.  1
f  5
10  1
2
g
putting the value of f in equation (3) we get 1 f  g
3 g  12  4  0 g  f 1  0  by 4
4 g  4 f  4  0..........................  4 
3 g   22  14  12
Subtracting equation (3) from Equation (4) we get
3g  8 1
2  9
2 6g  4 f  9  0
g 3
2 4 g 4f 40
putting the value of f in equation (2) we get
2g  13  0
c  2  12   1
2 g  13
c  1 1
g  213
c0 putting the value of g in equation (3) we get
Putting values of g , f and c in equation (1) we get
 13 
 3  1 6 4 f 9  0
x  y  2  2 
 x  2  y  0  0
2 2
 2  2 3  13   9  4 f
x  y  3x  y  0
2 2
4 f  39  9
30 15
c).  0,1 ,  3, 1 and the line 2 x  2 y  2  0 is f 
4

2
tangent to it at  0,1 putting the value of f in equation (2) we get
 15 
Sol: The points of circle A   0,1 , B   3, 1
c  2   1
 2 
c  15  1
c  14
x 2  y 2  2 g x  2 f y  c  0....................... 1 Putting values of g , f and c in equation (1) we get
At A   0,1 equation (1) becomes  13 
x2  y 2  2   x  2
 15 
 y  14  0
 2   2 
 0  1  2 g  0   2 f 1  c  0
2 2
x 2  y 2  13x  15 y  14  0
0 1 0  2 f  c  0 d).  0, 4  ,  2, 6  & line x  y  4  0 is tangent to it at (0,4)
c  2 f  1..............................  2 
Sol: The points of circle A   0, 4  , B   2, 6 
At B   3, 1 in equation (1) we get
 3   1  2 g  3  2 f  1  c  0 x 2  y 2  2 g x  2 f y  c  0....................... 1
2 2
9 1 6g  2 f  c  0
At A   0, 4  equation (1) becomes
10  6 g  2 f  c  0
 0   4  2g  0  2 f  4  c  0
2 2
10  6 g  2 f  2 f  1  0 0  16  0  8 f  c  0
6 g  4 f  9  0............................... 3 c  8 f  16......................................  2 
At B   2, 6  in equation (1) we get
 2   6  2g  2  2 f 6  c  0
2 2
4  36  4 g  12 f  c  0
40  4 g  12 f  c  0
40  4 g  12 f  8 f  16  0
Since concentric circles have the same centre, so
4 g  4 f  24  0  by 4   3  
C  g,  f   C     ,   2  
g  f  6  0...................................... 3   2  
a 3 
slope of tangent line x  y  4  0 is m1  C  g,  f   C  , 2 
b 2 
putting the values of a & b we get m1  1 To find the radius of the required circle use
3 
C   , 2  and the point A   3, 0 
 2 
2
 3
r  CA   3     2  0 
2
 2
 6  3   9 
2 2
r    2   4
2
 
 2   2 
81 4 4 81  16 97
Slope of the line segment AC using formula r    
4 1 4 4 4
y  y1
m2  2 putting the coordinates of A and C To find required equation of circle using formula
x2  x1
2 2
4   f  4  f
m2   2
0   g   
2
 3 97
 x     y  2  
g 2

 2   4 
Since line CA is perpendicular to tangent line,  
So m1.m2  1 putting the values
2
 3 97
 x     y  2 
2
4 f  2 4
1.  1
g Q9. Find an equation of a circle that concentric to circle
4 f  g a).2x2  2 y 2  16x  7 y  0 & is tangent to y-axis.
g  f  4  0..........................  4 
Solution: We have 2 x  2 y  16 x  7 y  0
2 2
adding equation (3) and Equation (4) we get
g  f 6 0 7
Divided by 2 x 2  y 2  8 x y0
g  f 4 0 2
Comparing with the general equation of circle
2g 2 0
2 g  2  g  1 x2  y2  2g x  2 f y  c  0 We get
putting the value of g in equation (3) we get 2g  8 2f  7
2
 1  f  6  0 g  82  4 f  7
4
f 5  0  f  5 Since concentric circles have the same centre, so
putting the value of f in equation (2) we get C   g ,  f   C    4  ,   47  
c  8  5  16
C   g ,  f   C  4, 74 
c  40  16
To find the radius of the required circle use
c  24  7
Putting values of g , f and c in equation (1) we get C   4,  and tangent to y-axis i.e., x  0
 4
x 2  y 2  2  1 x  2  5 y  24  0 Use shortest distance from the point to the line
x 2  y 2  2 x  10 y  24  0 ax1  by1  c
Q8. a 2  b2
Solution: We have x2  y 2  3x  4 y 10  0
1 4    0  
7
0 4  0  0
Comparing with the general equation of circle r 4 
x  y  2g x  2 f y  c  0 We get
2 2 1 0
2 2
1
2 g  3 2 f  4 4
r 4
g 3
2 f  2 1
To find required equation of circle using formula  x  h    y  k   r 2 putting the values
2 2
 x  h    y  k   r 2 putting the values

2 2
 x   3    y  52   52

2
 x   4    y  74 2   42
2
 x  3   y  5  25
2 2
 x  4    y  74   16
2 2
Q10. In each case, find an equation of a circle which
b). x  y  8x  4  0 and is tangent to the line
2 2 passes through origin whose intercepts on the
coordinate axes are
x  2y  6  0 a). 3 and 4
Solution: We have x  y  8x  4  0 Solution: We have the points origin  0, 0 
2 2
x-intercept  3, 0  and y-intercept  0, 4 

x2  y2  2g x  2 f y  c  0 We get since the general equation of circle
2 g  8 2f 0 x 2  y 2  2 g x  2 f y  c  0........................1
g  4 f 0
put origin  0, 0  in equation (1), we get
 0   0  2g 0  2 f 0  c  0
2 2
C   g ,  f   C    4  , 0 
0000c  0 c0
C   g ,  f   C  4, 0 
Put x-intercept  3, 0  using c  0 in eq (1), we get
 3   0   2 g  3  2 f  0   0  0
2 2
C  4, 0  and tangent line x  2 y  6  0
Use shortest distance from the point to the line 9  0  6g  0  0  0
r
ax1  by1  c putting the values 6 g  9
a b
2 2
g 9
 3
1 4    2  0   6
6 2
406
r  Put y-intercept  0, 4  using c  0 in eq (1), we get
1 2
2 2
1 4
 0   4  2g 0  2 f  4  0  0
2 2
10 10
r 
5 5 0  16  0  8 f  0  0
To find required equation of circle using formula
8 f  16
2 2
f  16
 2
 
8
 x  4   y  0
2

2 2 10
5
 x  4   y 2  1005
2 x 2  y 2  2  23  x  2  2  y  0  0
 x  4   y 2  20
2 x 2  y 2  3x  4 y  0
b). 2 and 4
c). x2  y 2  6 x  10 y  33  0 and is touching x-axis
Solution: We have x2  y 2  6x 10 y  33  0 Solution: We have the points origin  0, 0 
Comparing with the general equation of circle x-intercept  2, 0  and y-intercept  0, 4 
x2  y 2  2g x  2 f y  c  0 We get since the general equation of circle
2g  6 2 f  10 x 2  y 2  2 g x  2 f y  c  0........................1
g  62  3 f  210  5
put origin  0, 0  in equation (1), we get
 0   0  2g 0  2 f 0  c  0
2 2
C   g ,  f   C    3 ,   5 
0000c  0 c0
C   g ,  f   C  3,5
Put x-intercept  2, 0  using c  0 in eq (1), we get
 2   0  2g  2  2 f 0  0  0
2 2
C  3,5  and tangent to x axis i.e., y  0
Use shortest distance from the point to the line 4  0  4g  0  0  0
ax1  by1  c 4 g  4  g  1
a 2  b2 Put y-intercept  0, 4  using c  0 in eq (1), we get
r
 0  3  1 5  0 
050

5
02  12 1 1
r 5
To find required equation of circle using formula
 0   4  2g 0  2 f  4  0  0 y  mx  c...................... 1
2 2
0  16  0  8 f  0  0 x 2  y 2  a 2 ...................  2 
8 f  16 Putting the value of y in equation (2) we get
f  816  2 x   mx  c   a
2 2 2

x 2   mx   2  mx  c    c   a 2  0
2 2
x 2  y 2  2  1 x  2  2  y  0  0
x 2  m2 x 2  2mc x  c 2  a 2  0
x2  y 2  2x  4 y  0
Derivation of tangent equation to the circle: 1  m  x2 2
 2mc x  c 2  a 2  0
Since equation of circle x  y  a b  b 2  4ac putting the values

2 2 2
x 
2a
Differentiating with respect to x
2mc   2mc   4 1  m 2  c 2  a 2 
2
2 x  2 y dy
dx  0 x
2 1  m 2 
2y dy
dx
 2 x When Discriminant >0 then the line and the circle
dy
 x intersect at two different points
4m 2 c 2  4 1  m 2  c 2  a 2   0
dx y
Since derivative at the point P  x1 , y1  gives slope

 dy   x1 When Discriminant = 0 then the line and the circle
m   intersect at only one points/touches only
 dx  x1 , y1  y1
We know that equation of line having slope & passing 4m 2 c 2  4 1  m 2  c 2  a 2   0
through point P  x1 , y1  gives equation of tangent When Discriminant < 0 then the line and the circle
y  y1  m  x  x1  putting the slope
will not intersect
4m 2 c 2  4 1  m 2  c 2  a 2   0
y  y1  yx  x  x1  1
1 Point of intersection b/w circle with centre is (-g,-f) & line
y1  y  y1    x1  x  x1  y  mx  c................................................ 1
y1 y  y   x1 x  x
2 2
1 1
x 2  y 2  2 g x  2 f y  c  0................... 2 
x1 x  y1 y  x  y 2 2
1 1
Putting the value of y in equation (2) we get
x1 x  y1 y  a 2  a 2  x12  y12
x   mx  c  2 g x  2 f  mx  c   c  0
2 2
 x1
Equation of normal using slope m  y1
x 2   mx   2  mx  c    c   2 g x  2 fmx  2 fc  c  0
2 2
y  y1  m1  x  x1  putting the slope

x 2  m2 x 2  2mc x  2 g x  2 fmx  c 2  2 fc  c  0
y  y1  y1
x1  x  x1  1  m  x2 2
 2  mc  g  fm  x  c 2  2 fc  c  0
y  y1 x  x1

y1 x1
b  b 2  4ac
x  putting the values
y
y1
 y1
y1
 x
x1
 x1
x1 2a
1  1 2  mc  g  fm   4  mc  g  fm   4 1  m 2  c 2  2 fc  c 
y 2
x
y1 x1
x
2 1  m2 
y
y1  x
x1
When Discriminant >0 then the line and the circle
When centre Origin i.e.,  0, 0  intersect at two different points
4  mc  g  fm   4 1  m2  c 2  2 fc  c   0
2
Equation of circle x2  y 2  a2
When Discriminant = 0 then the line and the circle
Equation of tangent xx1  yy1  a 2 intersect at only one points/touches only
xy1  yx1  0 x y 4  mc  g  fm   4 1  m2  c 2  2 fc  c   0
2
Equation of normal or 
x1 y1
When Discriminant < 0 then the line and the circle
When centre  h, k     g ,  f  will not intersect
4  mc  g  fm   4 1  m2  c 2  2 fc  c   0
2
Equation of circle x  y  2gx  2 fy  c  0

2 2
Condition for line to touch a circle
Equation of tangent xx1  yy1  g  x  x1   f  y  y1   c  0
Equation of line
x  x1 y  y1 y  mx  c
Equation of normal 
x1  g y1  f Equation of circle
Point of intersection b/w circle with centre origin & line x2  y 2  a2

Coordinates of P
P  x1 , y1 
Coordinates of Q M is midpoint of PQ Equation of line y  mx  c
Q  x2 , y2  M  x1  x2
2 , y1  y2
2  Equation of circle
Perpendicular distance from Centre of circle x2  y 2  2gx  2 fy  c  0
O  0,0  to line mx  y  c  0 at M is Coordinates of P  x1 , y1  & Coordinates of Q  x2 , y2 
m  0   0  c c
OM 
m   1
2 2

m2  1 M is midpoint of PQ M  x1  x2
2 , y1 2 y2 
radius OP  a  OQ using Pythagoras theorem
OP  OM  MP
2 2 2 Exercise 7.2
Q1In each case, find an equation tangent & normal
MP  OP  OM
2 2 2
Or putting the values
a). at a point 1, 2  to the circle x2  y 2  5
c2 a 2  m2  1  c 2
MP  a  2  x2  y 2  5
2 2
Taking Solution: The equation of circle
m 1 m2  1
To find the equation of tangent at point 1, 2 
a 2  m2  1  c 2
square root we get MP 
m2  1 Using formula x1 x  y1 y  r 2 putting the point
The secant line PQ is 2 times of MP therefore 1 x   2  y  5
PQ  2 MP  2
a 2
m 2
 1  c 2
x  2y  5
m 1 To find the equation of normal at point 1, 2 
2
When distance between PQ becomes zero the

secant line convert to tangent line i.e. Using formula x  y putting the point
x1 y1
a 2  m2  1  c 2
2 0 x y
m2  1 
1 2
 a 2  m2  1  c 2  0
2x  y
 a 2  m 2  1  c 2  0 After simplifying Hence Equation of tangent x  2 y  5
c  a m 2  1 then equation of tangent becomes Equation of normal 2x  y
b). at a point  1, 3 to the circle
y  mx  a m2  1 to the circle x  y  a
2 2 2
x2  y 2  6 x  y 1  0
Point of contact of tangent line and circle
Solution: The equation of circle
Let y  mx  a m  1 is tangent to the circle
2
x2  y 2  6 x  y 1  0
x2  y2  a2 is identical to x1 x  y1 y  a 2
The coefficients of line terms of x2  y2  2g x  2 f y  c  0 We get

2g  6 2 f  1
y  mx  a m2  1 compared with 6 1 c  1
y1 y   x1 x  a 2
we get g  3 f 
2 2
x1 y1 a2 To find equation of tangent at point  1,3
  by transitive property
m 1 a m2  1 Using formula xx1  yy1  g  x  x1   f  y  y1   c  0
2 2
x1 a y1 a
Either 
m a m2  1
or 
1 a m2  1
putting  1 x   3 y  3  x  1  12  y  3  1  0
 am a  x  3 y  3x  3  12 y  23  1  0
x1  y1 
m2  1 m2  1  x  3x  3 y  12 y  32  3  1  0
Thus, point of contact is 2x  3 y  12 y  23  4  0  by 2
 am a  4x  6 y  y  3  8  0
 x1 , y1    2 , 2  4 x  5 y  11  0
 m 1 m 1 
Similarly we can find condition and point of contact for To find the equation of normal at point 1, 2 
x  x1 y  y1
Using formula  putting the point
x1  g y1  f
x   1 y  3 1 x y
 3  Using formula  putting the point
1  3 3  12 2 x1 y1
x 1 y  3 2 3 1 6 1 5 x

y
 5 .    2
3 1
2
2 2 2 1 2 2 2
1 3
By cross multiplication x y  by 2
2 2
5
2  x  1  2  y  3 x 3y
5  x  1  4  y  3 Hence Equation of tangent 3x  y  2

5 x  5  4 y  12 Equation of normal x 3y
5 x  4 y  5  12  0 Q3. Find the condition that
5 x  4 y  17  0 a). the line x  y  n  0 touches to the circle
Hence Equation of tangent 4 x  5 y 11  0 x2  y 2  9
Equation of normal 5x  4 y  17  0 Solution: the circle x2  y 2  9 And the line
Q2 In each case, find an equation tangent and normal x yn 0  m  1,

a). at a point  2cos 45o , 2sin 45o  to circle x2  y 2  4 y  x  n c   n
condition for the circle and the line to touch
x2  y2  4 The point
Sol: The equation of circle
 
Discriminant  4m2 c 2  4 1  m2 c 2  a 2  0   
  
 2cos 45 , 2sin 45    2  22  , 2  22   4  1  n  
 4 1   1    n  
o o
9  0
2 2 2 2
    
 2cos 45 , 2sin 45   
o o
2, 2  4 1  n 2   4 1  1  n 2  9   0
To find the equation of tangent at point  2, 2  4n 2  8n 2  72  0
4n 2  72  0
Using formula x1 x  y1 y  r 2 putting the point
4  n 2  18   0
2x  2 y  4  by 2
4 n 2  18  0
x y  2nd method
2 Q3. Find the condition that
4 2 a). the line x  y  n  0 touches to the circle
x y  .
2 2 x2  y 2  9
Sol: the circle x  y  9..................1 And the line
4 2 2 2
x y 
2
x  y  n  0...............................  2 
x y 2 2
y  x  n
To find the equation of normal at point  2, 2  Putting the value of y in equation (1) we get
Using formula x  y putting the point
x  x  n  9
2 2
x1 y1
x y x 2    x   2   x  n     n   9
2 2
  by 2
2 2
x 2  x 2  2nx  n 2  9  0
x y
2 x 2  2nx  n 2  9  0
Hence Equation of tangent x  y  2 2 When Discriminant = 0 then the line and the circle
Equation of normal x  y intersect at only one points/touches only
B2  4 AC  0 putting the values
b). at a point  cos30o ,sin 30o  to circle x2  y 2  1
 2n   4  2   n2  9   0
2
Sol: The equation of circle x  y  1 point

2 2
4n 2  8  n 2  9   0
 cos 30 , sin 30   
o o
2
3
, 1
2 
4n 2  8n 2  72  0
To find the equation of tangent at point  2
3
, 1
2  4n 2  72  0
Using formula x1 x  y1 y  r 2 putting the point 4  n 2  18   0
3 1 n 2  18  0
x  y 1  by 2 b). the line 2x  2 y  n  0 touches to the circle
2 2
x2  y 2  81
3x  y  2
Sol: the circle x  y  81................ 1 And the line
2 2
To find the equation of normal at point  2

3
, 1
2 
2 x  2 y  n  0...............................  2  Putting the value of y in equation (1) we get
2
2 y  2 x  n  n
x 2    x    81
 2
y   x  n2
 n   n 
2
x2    x   2   x      81
2
2  2   2 
 n
x 2    x    81 n2
 2 x 2  x 2  nx   81  0
4
 n   n 
2
x2    x   2   x      81
2
n2
 2   2  2 x 2  nx   81  0  by 4
n2
4
x 2  x 2  nx   81  0 8 x 2  4nx  n 2  324  0
4
n2 When Discriminant = 0 then the line and the circle
2 x 2  nx   81  0  by 4 intersect at only one points/touches only
4
8 x 2  4nx  n 2  324  0 B2  4 AC  0 putting the values
 4n   4  8  n 2  324   0
2
intersect at only one points/touches only
16n 2  32  n 2  324   0
 4n   4  8   n 2  324   0 16n 2  32n 2  10368  0
2
16n 2  10368  0
16n 2  32  n 2  324   0
16  n 2  648   0
16n  32n  10368  0
2 2
n 2  648  0
16n 2  10368  0
n 2  648
16  n 2  648   0
n 2  648  36  9  2
n 2  648  0
Q4. n  6  3 2
Sol: the circle x  y  9..................1 And the line n  18 2

2 2
Q5. For what value of c

x  y  n  0...............................  2 
a). the line y  mx  c touches circle x2  y 2  a2
y  x  n
solution: the line and the circle
Putting the value of y in equation (1) we get y  mx  c...................... 1
x   x  n  9
2 2
x 2  y 2  a 2 ...................  2 
x    x   2   x  n    n   9
2 2 2
x 2  x 2  2nx  n 2  9  0 x   mx  c   a
2 2 2
2 x  2nx  n  9  0
2 2
x 2   mx   2  mx  c    c   a 2  0
2 2

x 2  m2 x 2  2mc x  c 2  a 2  0
B2  4 AC  0 putting the values 1  m  x 2 2
 2mc x  c 2  a 2  0
 2n   4  2   n2  9   0 When Discriminant = 0 then the line and the circle
2

4n  8  n  9   0
2 2

4n 2  8n 2  72  0
 2mc   4 1  m 2  c 2  a 2   0
2
4n 2  72  0
4m 2 c 2  4 1  m 2  c 2  a 2 
4  n 2  18   0
 by 4
m c  1  m
2 2 2
 c 2
a 2

n 2  18  0
m c  c  a  m c  m2 a 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
n 2  18
m2c 2  m2c 2  m2 a 2  a 2  c 2
n  18  9  2
2
c 2  a 2  a 2 m2
n  3 2 c 2  a 2 1  m 2 
b). line 2x  2 y  n  0 touches to circle x2  y 2  81 c2  a 2 1  m 2 
Sol: the circle x  y  81................ 1 And the line
2 2
c  a 1  m2
2 x  2 y  n  0...............................  2  b). the line y   x  c touches circle x2  y 2  9
2 y  2 x  n Sol: the circle x  y  9..................1 And the line
2 2
y   x  n2 y   x  c...............................  2 
Putting the value of y in equation (1) we get Q7. For what value of n
x2    x  c   9
2 a). the line 3x  4 y  n  0 touching the circle
x 2    x   2   x  c    c   9
2 2 x2  y2  4x  6 y 12  0
Solution: the circle
x 2  x 2  2cx  c 2  9  0
x 2  y 2  4 x  6 y  12  0.............. 1 And the line
2 x 2  2cx  c 2  9  0
When Discriminant = 0 then the line and the circle 3x  4 y  n  0................... 2 
intersect at only one points/touches only 4 y  3 x  n
B2  4 AC  0 putting the values 3 x  n
 2c   4  2   c 2  9   0 y
2
4
4c 2  8  c 2  9   0 Putting the value of y in equation (1) we get
 3x  n   3x  n 
2
4c 2  8c 2  72  0 x2     4x  6    12  0
 4   4 
4c 2  72  0
9 x 2  6nx  n 2 18 x  6n
4  c 2  18   0 x2   4x   12  0  by 16
16 4
c 2  18  0 16 x 2  9 x 2  6nx  n 2  64 x  4  18 x  6n   192  0
c 2  18 25 x 2  6nx  64 x  72 x  24n  n 2  192  0
c 2  18  9  2 25 x 2  6nx  8 x  n 2  24n  192  0
c  3 2 25 x 2  2  3n  4  x  n 2  24n  192  0
Q6. Find condition at which line lx  my  n  0 When Discriminant = 0 then the line and the circle
touches the circle x2  y 2  2gx  2 fy  c  0 intersect at only one points/touches only
Sol: the circle x  y  2 gx  2 fy  c  0......... 1
2 2
4  3n  4   4  25   n 2  24n  192   0
2
And the line lx  my  n  0............................  2 

 9n 2
 24n  16   25  n 2  24n  192 
my  lx  n
9n 2  24n  16  25n 2  600n  4800
lx  n
y 25n 2  9n 2  600n  24n  4800  16  0
m
Putting the value of y in equation (1) we get 16n2  576n  4816  0
 lx  n   lx  n 
2
x2     2 gx  2 f  c  0 n2  36n  301  0

 m   m 
 lx  n 
2
 lx  n 
n2  43n  7n  301  0
2
  2 gx  2 f  c  0  by m 2
n  n  43  7  n  43  0
x
m2  m 
m2 x 2   lx  n   2m 2 gx  2 fm  lx  n   cm 2  0
2
 n  7  n  43  0
m2 x2  l 2 x2  2nlx  n2  2m2 gx  2lfmx  2 fmn  cm2  0 Either or
m2 x 2  l 2 x 2  2nlx  2m2 gx  2lfmx  n 2  2 fmn  cm2  0 n7  0 n  43  0
m 2
 l 2  x 2  2  nl  m2 g  lfm  x   n 2  2 fmn  cm 2   0 n7 n  43
When Discriminant = 0 then the line and the circle b). the line x  2 y  n  0 touching the circle
x2  y 2  3x  6 y  5  0
Sol: the circle x  y  3x  6 y  5  0...... 1 And
2 2
4  nl  m 2 g  lfm   4  m 2  l 2  n 2  2 fmn  cm 2   0
2
x  2 y  n  0...............................  2 
4  nl  m 2 g  lfm   4  m 2  l 2  n 2  2 fmn  cm 2 
2
the line
x  2y  n
 nl  m g  lfm    m  l 2  n 2  2 fmn  cm2 
2 2 2
n 2l 2  m4 g 2  l 2 f 2 m 2  2m 2 ngl  2m3lfg  2l 2 fmn  2 y  n  y  3 2 y  n  6 y  5  0
2 2
 m2 n 2  2 fm3n  cm4  n 2l 2  2l 2 fmn  cl 2 m2

 2 y   2  2 y  n    n   y 2  6 y  3n  6 y  5  0
2 2
n2l 2  n 2l 2  2l 2 fmn  2l 2 fmn

4 y 2  4ny  n 2  y 2  6 y  3n  6 y  5  0
 m4 g 2  l 2 f 2 m2  2m2 ngl  2m3lfg
 m2 n 2  2 fm3n  cm4  cl 2 m2  by m2
4 y 2  y 2  4ny  6 y  6 y  n 2  3n  5  0
m2 g 2  l 2 f 2  2ngl  2mlfg 5 y 2  4ny  12 y  n 2  3n  5  0
 n 2  2 fmn  cm2  cl 2 5 y 2  4  n  3 y  n 2  3n  5  0
cl 2  l 2 f 2  2mlfg  cm2  m 2 g 2  2 fmn  2ngl  n 2  0 When Discriminant = 0 then the line and the circle
l 2  c  f 2   2mlfg  m 2  c  g 2   2n  fm  gl   n 2  0 intersect at only one points/touches only
16  n  3  4  5   n 2  3n  5   0 Let P  f , g  be any point
2
16  n 2  6n  32   4  5   n 2  3n  5  Length of tangent = 2 x length of tangent

f 2  g 2  6  2 f 2  g 2  3 f  3g
4  n 2  6n  9   5  n 2  3n  5 
Squaring on both sides
4n 2  24n  36  5n 2  15n  25
   2 
2 2
f 2
 g2  6 f 2  g 2  3 f  3g
5n  4n  15n  24n  25  36  0
2 2
f 2
 g2  6  4 f 2
 g 2  3 f  3g 
n  9n  61  0
2
n 
b  b 2  4ac putting the values f 2  g 2  6  4 f 2  4 g 2  12 f  12g
2a 4 f 2  f 2  4 g 2  g 2  12 f  12 g  6  0
9  9  4 1 61
2
n 3 f 2  3 g 2  12 f  12 g  6  0  by 3
2 1
f  g  4 f  4g  2  0
2 2
9  81  244
n Q10. Find the equations of tangents to the circle
2
n
9  325 9  25 13

x2  y 2  25 which are parallel to the straight
2 2 line 3x  4 y  3  0
9  5 13 Solution: parallel to the line 3x  4 y  3  0 is
n
3x  4 y  k  0..........................1
2
9  5 13 9  5 13
n or n 
and equation of circle with centre is origin  0, 0  is
Either
2 2
n  4.513878 n  13.513878
Q8. x 2  y 2  25....................... 2 
Sol: We have the circle x2  y 2  9 centre   0, 0  and radius  5
x 2  y 2  9  0........................ 1 and the line perpendicular distance from the line to centre = radius
3 0  4  0  k
3 x  4 y  3  0..............................  2  32  42
5
Let P  x, y  be any point 00k

5
Length of tangent = perpendicular distance 9  16
3x  4 y  3 k
5
x2  y 2  9  25
32  42
k
3x  4 y  3 5
x2  y 2  9  5
9  16 k  25
3x  4 y  3 Therefore equation (1) becomes
x2  y 2  9 
25 3x  4 y  25  0
3x  4 y  3 Hence equation of tangent to the circle
x2  y 2  9  Either or
5
3x  4 y  25  0 3x  4 y  25  0
5 x 2  y 2  9  3x  4 y  3
Q11a). Prove that the line x 8 and y  7 touch
Squaring on both sides
2
 y  6x  4 y 12  0 Find also point
2
5  the circle x
2
x2  y 2  9   3 x  4 y  3
2
of contact
  Solution: To check the line x  8 touches the

2
x2  y 2  9   3 x  4 y  3
2
25
circle
25  x 2  y 2  9    3 x  4 y  3 x 2  y 2  6 x  4 y  12  0........................1
2
Q9. The length of the tangent from  f ,g to the Put x  8 in equation (1) we get
8  y 2  6 8  4 y  12  0
2
circle x2  y2  6 is twice the length of tangent

64  y 2  48  4 y  12  0
to the circle x  y  3x  3 y  0 Prove that
2 2
y 2  4 y  64  48  12  0
f  g  4 f  4g  2  0
2 2
y 2  4 y  4  0................................  2 
Sol: We have the circle x  y 6
2 2
When Discriminant = 0 then the line touches the circle
x  y  6  0............................ 1
2 2 B2  4 AC  0 putting the values
B 2  4 AC   4   4 1 4 
2
another circle
x 2  y 2  3x  3 y  0....................  2  B 2  4 AC  16  16
B 2  4 AC  0
Hence the line x  8 touches the given circle.   4    4   4  2  2 
2
For the point of contact solving equation (2) x

2  2
y2  4 y  4  0
4  16  16 4  0 4
 y   2  y  2    2  0 x  
2 2
4 4 4
 y  2  0 x 1
2
Put the value of x in the line x  y  1  0

 y20
1 y 1  0
y2
y0
Therefore the point of contact is  8, 2 
Hence the point of contact 1, 0 
To check the line y  7 touches the circle
To check the line x  y  1  0 or
x 2  y 2  6 x  4 y  12  0........................1
y  1  x touches the circle
Put y  7 in equation (1) we get
x 2  y 2  4 x  2 y  3  0........................1
x   7   6 x  4  7   12  0
2 2
Put y  1  x in equation (1) we get

x  49  6 x  28  12  0
2
x 2  1  x   4 x  2 1  x   3  0
2
x  6 x  49  28  12  0
2
x2  1  2 x  x2  4 x  2  2 x  3  0
x  6 x  9  0..............................  3
2
x2  x2  2x  4x  2x  2  1  3  0
When Discriminant = 0 then line touches the circle
B2  4 AC  0 putting the values 2 x2  4 x  2  0
When Discriminant = 0 then line touches the circle
B 2  4 AC   6   4 1 9 
2

B 2  4 AC  36  36
B 2  4 AC   4   4  2  2 
2
B2  4 AC  0
Hence the line y  7 touches the given circle. B 2  4 AC  16  16
For the point of contact solving equation (3) B 2  4 AC  0
x2  6x  9  0 Hence the line x  y  1  0 touches the circle
Now to find the point of intersection
 x   2  x  3   3 0
2 2
b  b 2  4ac putting the values
x
 x  3  0
2 2a
  4    4   4  2  2 
2
 x 3  0 x
2  2
x3
4  16  16 4 0 4
Therefore the point of contact is  3, 7 
x  
4 4 4
x 1
b).
Put the value of x in the line x  y  1  0
Solution: To check the line x  y  1  0 or
1 y 1  0
y  1  x touches the circle
11  y
x 2  y 2  4 x  2 y  3  0........................1 y2
Put y  1  x in equation (1) we get Hence the point of contact 1, 2 
x 2  1  x   4 x  2 1  x   3  0
2
Q12. Find equation of tangents to the circle x2  y 2  2
x2  1  2x  x2  4x  2  2x  3  0 , which make an angle of 45o with the x-axis.
Solution: equation of circle x  y 2
2 2
x2  x2  2x  4x  2x  2  1  3  0
2 x2  4 x  2  0 slope m  tan 45o  1 and radius
When Discriminant = 0 then line touches the circle a2  2  a  2
B2  4 AC  0 putting the values Since the equation of tangent
y  mx  a 1  m2 putting the values
B 2  4 AC   4   4  2  2 
2
y  1x  2 1  12
B  4 AC  16  16
2
y  x  2 11
B 2  4 AC  0
y  x 2 2
Hence the line x  y  1  0 touches the circle
Now to find the point of intersection y  x2
Q13. Find the equation of tangents drawn from the
b  b 2  4ac
x
point P  4,3  to the circle
putting the values
2a x2  y 2  9
Solution: the equation of circle x2  y 2  9 M is midpoint of PQ M  x1  x2
2 
, y1 2 y2 & centre
Here a2  9 a3 C   g ,  h  Therefore the slope of CM
The number of tangents y1  y2
 f y1  y2  2 f
m 2  x12  a 2   2mx1 y1   y12  a 2   0 m2  
2
x1  x2
 g x1  x2  2 g
Putting P  4,3  and a  3 we get
2
To check CM is perpendicular to PQ so
m 2
4 2
3 2
  2m  4  3   3 2
3 2
0 m1.m2  
x1  x2  2 g y1  y2  2 f

y1  y2  2 f x1  x2  2 g
m 2 16  9   24m  0  0
m1.m2  1
7 m 2  24m  0 i.e. CM is perpendicular bisector to PQ
m  7 m  24   0 Congruent chords of a circle are equidistant from centre
7m  24  0
Let circle eq x  y  2 gx  2 fy  c  0..... 1 with
2 2
Either m  0 or 7m  24
centre C g,  f 
m  247
Coordinates of A, B,
The equation of line having slope and point C and D are
y  mx  c....................1 putting the values A  x1 , y1  ,
If m  0 put in equation (1) we get B  x2 , y2 
y  0x  c C  x3 , y3 
y  c ……………………….(2) to find c put  4, 3  D  x4 , y4 
3c  c  3 so Given that AB  DE  AB  DE
2 2
y  3 is eq of tangent which passing through  4, 3  We have to show that

CM  CN  CM  CN
2 2
The equation of line having slope and point
y  mx  c....................1 putting the values M is midpoint of AB M  x1  x2
2 , y1 2 y2 
Ifm  put in equation (1) we get
24
7 N is midpoint of DE N x3  x4
, y3 2 y4 
2
y  247 x  c ……………………….(2) to find c put  4, 3  Measure of central angle of a minor arc is double
3  247  4   c of angle subtend by the corresponding major arc
 c  75 so
Let equation circle x  y  a ..... 1
7 2 2 2
c  3  967  2196
7
y  247 x  757 is eq of tangent, passing through  4, 3 with centre C  0,0 

Perpendicular from the centre of a circle on a chord Coordinates of A, B,
bisect the chord and C are A  0, a 
Equation of circle
B   x1 ,  y1 
x 2  y 2  2 gx  2 fy  c  0..... 1
Equation of line C  x1 ,  y1 
y  mx  c We have to show that
Coordinates of BOC  2BAC
P  x1 , y1  & Let BOC   and BAC  2
Coordinates of a  y1 a  y1
Slope of BA m1  
Q  x2 , y2  0  x1 x1
Slope of AC m2   y1  a  
Which passing  a  y1 
through a circle x1x1  0
x  y  2 gx1  2 fy1  c  0........  2 
2
1
2
1 Then, angle tan BAC  m1  m2 putting values
1  m1m2
x22  y22  2 gx2  2 fy2  c  0........  3 a  y1
 a x1y1
Subtracting equation (3) from equation (2) tan BAC 
x1
 x  x    y  y   2 gx  2 gx  2 fy  2 fy  0
2
2
2
1
2
2
2
1 2 1 2 1
1   
a  y1
x1
a  y1
x1
 x  x   2g  x  x    y  y   2 f  y  y   0
2
2
2
1 2 1
2
2
2
1 2 1
2  a  y1    a  y1  
2
  1    
 x2  x1  x2  x1  2 g    y2  y1  y2  y1  2 f   0 x1   x1  
y2  y1 x  x  2g
or m1   2 1 2  a  y1   x12   a  y1  
2
x2  x1 y2  y1  2 f tan    
x1  x12 
2  a  y1  x12 Or mAPB  90o
tan    2
x1   a  y1 
2
x1 Perpendicular at the outer end of radial segment is
2 x1  a  y1  tangent to the circle
tan  
x  a 2  y12  2ay1
2
1
Let circle equation
tan  
2 x1  a  y1 
 x12  y12  a 2
x 2  y 2  2 gx  2 fy  c  0..... 1 with centre
x12  x12  y12  y12  2ay1
2 x1  a  y1  2 x1  a  y1 
C g,  f 
tan   
2 y1  2ay1 2 y1  y1  a 
2 Coordinates of P
x1 P  x1 , y1 
tan   
y1 Slope of CP is
0  y1 y1 y1  f
Slope of BO m3   m1 
0  x1 x1 x1  g
0  y1  y1 Equation of tangent
Slope of CO m4  
0  x1 x1 to the circle
m3  m4 x1 x  y1 y  g  x  x1   f  y  y1   c  0
Then, angle tan BOC  putting values
1  m3m4 x1 x  y1 y  gx  gx1  fy  fy1  c  0
y1
 y1 2 y1 x1 x  gx  y1 y  fy  gx1  fy1  c  0
tan BOC  
x1 x1 x1
 x1  g  x   y1  f  y  gx1  fy1  c  0
1     y1 2
1  xy12
y1
x1 x1
Slope of tangent equation m2   b putting values
1 a
x12  y12
tan 2  2 y1
  2 y1 x12
 x2  y 2
x1 x12 x1
x1  g
m2  
1 1
now
2x y y1  f
tan 2  2 1 1 2
x1  y1  y  f   x1  g 
Now using trigonometric identity m1.m2   1   
 x1  g   y1  f 
2 tan 
tan 2  putting the values m1.m2  1
1  tan 2 
2 x1
Thus, the perpendicular at the outer end of a circle
2 x1 y12  x12 is tangent to the circle
tan 2   
y1
2
1  xy12
1
y1 y12
Exercise 7.3
Q1. If A  2, 2  and B  3,1 are the end points of
2 x1 y1
tan 2 
x12  y12 the chord AB of the circle
An angle in a semi-circle is a right angle
x2  y 2  4x  2 y  4  0 then show that
a). line from the center of the circle is
perpendicular to AB, also bisects the chord AB
Sol: end points of the chord A  2, 2  and B  3,1
Let D is the midpoint of AB   x1  x2 , y1  y2 
 2 2 
Let the circle equation be x  y  a
2 2 2
D 23
2 , 2 1
2 
And the coordinates of A,B and P are
D , 5 3

A  a,0  B  a,0  and P  x1 , y1  2 2
Slope of the line AB m1  y2  y1

y1  0 y x2  x1
Slope of AP m1   1
x1  a x1  a m1 
1  2 1

y1  0 y 3 2 1
Slope of PB m2   1 m1  1
x1  a x1  a
y1 y
Now m1.m2  . 1
x1  a x1  a
y12 y12
m1.m2    x12  y12  a 2
x12  a 2 x12  x12  y12
y12
m1.m2   1
 y12
Thus the line AP and PB are perpendicular Equation of circle x2  y 2  4 x  2 y  4  0
Comparing with the general equation of circle The line AB with slope m1  1 and point A  2, 2 
x2  y 2  2g x  2 f y  c  0 We get
2 g  4 2 f  2 y  y1  m1  x  x1 
4 2 y  2  1 x  2 
g  2 f   1
2 2 y  2  x  2
Thus center x y22  0
C   g ,  f   C    2  ,   1   C  2,1 x y4 0
y2  y1 Thus the line CD x  y  1  0
Slope of the line CD m2 
x2  x1 And the line AB x  y  4  0
Are perpendicular to each other
3
 1 3 2 5  4
m2  52  2  2 Hence line from the center of the circle to the mid-
2 2 point of the chord AB is perpendicular to chord AB
m2  12  12  1 c). the perpendicular bisector CD of the chord AB
passes through the center of the given circle.
Now
m1.m2   11 Sol: end points of the chord A  2, 2  and B  3,1
m1.m2  1 Slope of the line AB m1  y2  y1
x2  x1
Thus line CD is perpendicular bisector of AB
1 2
b). line from the center of the circle to the mid- m1 
point of chord AB is perpendicular to the chord AB 3 2
1
Sol: end points of the chord A  2, 2  and B  3,1 m1 
1
 x1  x2 y1  y2  m1  1
Let D is the midpoint of AB   , 
 2 2  Let m2 is the slope perpendicular to AB then
D   22 3 , 221  m1.m2  1
D   52 , 23   1 m2  1
Equation of circle x  y  4 x  2 y  4  0 1
2 2
m2  1
Comparing with the general equation of circle 1
x  x y  y2 
x2  y2  2g x  2 f y  c  0 We get Let D is the midpoint of AB   1 2 , 1 
 2 2 
2 g  4 2 f  2 D   22 3 , 221 
g 4
2  2 f  2
2  1 D   52 , 23 
Thus center Thus line perpendicular bisector {midpoint} to chord AB
C   g ,  f   C    2  ,   1   C  2,1 y  y1  m2  x  x1 
Slope of the line CD m2  y2  y1 y  32  1 x  52 

x2  x1 y  32  x  52
3
 1 3 2 5  4 x  y  32  52  0
m2  2
  2
5
2 2 2 x  y  325  0
x  y 1  0
m2  12  12  m2  1
Equation of circle x  y  4 x  2 y  4  0
2 2
The line from centre to the midpoint of chord
y  y1  m2  x  x1  Comparing with the general equation of circle
y  32  1 x  52  x2  y2  2g x  2 f y  c  0 We get
y  32  x  52 2 g  4 2 f  2
x  y  32  52  0 g 4
2  2 f  2
2  1
x  y  325  0 Thus center
x  y 1  0 C   g ,  f   C    2  ,   1   C  2,1
Slope of the line AB m1  y2  y1 To show that line x  y  1  0 is perpendicular bisector
x2  x1
of chord AB is passes through centre C  2,1
1 2
m1  x  y 1  0
3 2
1 2 1 1  0
m1   m1  1
1 00
Hence perpendicular bisector CD of the chord AB Slope of the line CD m2  y2  y1
passes through the center of the given circle x2  x1
Q2. If A  0, 0  and B  0,5  are the end points of chord AB  5 5
m2  2 2
2  0
of the circle x2  y 2  4x  5 y  0 then show that 0
a). the line from the center of the circle is m2 
2
perpendicular to AB, also bisects the chord AB
m2  0
Sol: end points of the chord A  0, 0  and B  0,5 
line from the centre to the midpoint point of AB
Let D is the midpoint of AB   x1  x2 , y1  y2  y  y1  m2  x  x1  Putting the values
 2 2 
y  52  0  x  0 
D   02 0 , 025 
y  52  0
D   0,  5
y
2 5
y2  y1 2
Slope of the line AB m1  Slope of the line AB m1  y2  y1

x2  x1 x2  x1
m1  5000 m1  5000
m1  50  10 m1  50  10
Equation of circle x  y  4 x  5 y  0 and point A  0, 0 
2 2
1
The line AB with slope m1 
Comparing with the general equation of circle 0
x2  y2  2g x  2 f y  c  0 We get y  y1  m1  x  x1  Putting the values
2g  4 2 f  5 y 0 
1
 x  0
0
g  42  2 f  5
2  0 y  x
Thus center x0
C   g,  f   C    2 ,   5
2    C  2,  5
2 Thus the line CD y  52
y2  y1 And the line AB x  0
Slope of the line CD m2  Are perpendicular to each other
x2  x1
Hence line from the center of the circle to the mid-
 52
5
point of the chord AB is perpendicular to chord AB
m2  2
2  0 c). the perpendicular bisector CD of the chord AB
m2  0
2
passes through the center of the given circle.
Take m2 
0 Sol: end points of the chord A  0, 0  and B  0,5 
1
 1  0  Slope of the line AB m1  y2  y1
Now m1.m2      x2  x1
 0   1 
m1.m2  1
m1  5 0
00
Thus line CD is perpendicular bisector of AB m1  5

0
b). The line from the center of the circle to the mid- m2
Let is the slope perpendicular to AB then
point of the chord AB is perpendicular to chord AB
m1.m2  1
Sol: end points of the chord A  0, 0  and B  0,5 
5
  m2  1
 x  x2 y1  y2  0
Let D is the midpoint of AB   1 , 
 2 2  5m2  0
D   02 0 , 025  m2  0
Let D is the midpoint of AB   x1  x2 , y1  y2 
D   0, 52   2 2 
Equation of circle x  y  4 x  5 y  0
2 2 D 0 0 0 5
2 , 2 
Comparing with the general equation of circle D   0, 52 
x  y  2g x  2 f y  c  0 We get
2 2
Thus line perpendicular bisector{midpoint} to chord AB
2g  4 2 f  5 y  y1  m2  x  x1 
g  42  2 f  5
2 y  52  0  x  0 
Thus center y  52  0
C   g ,  f   C    2  ,   52    C  2, 52  y 5
2
Equation of circle x  y  4 x  5 y  0
2 2
d2 
1 0   1 0   2 
002
Comparing with the general equation of circle 11
12  1
2
x2  y2  2g x  2 f y  c  0 We get
2 2
2g  4 2 f  5 d2  
2 2
g  42  2 f  5
2 Hence the distance from the centre of circle to the
Thus center both chords AB and CD is same.
C   g ,  f   C    2  ,   52    C  2, 52  b). x  y  16 the coordinates of the end points
2 2
To show that line y 

5 of the two chords AB and DE are
is perpendicular bisector
A  4, 0  , B  0, 4  D  0, 4  and E  4,0 
2
of the chord AB is passes through centre C  2, 52 

Putting centre 52  52
y 5 Solution: Equation of the circle x2  y2  16
Hence center of the circle is origin  0, 0 
2
Hence perpendicular bisector CD of the chord AB
End points of the chord are A  4, 0  , B  0, 4 
passes through the center of the given circle
Q3. Show that the chords AB and DE are
y2  y1
equidistant from the center C  0,0  of the circle y  y1   x  x1  putting the values
x2  x1
a). x2  y 2  4 the coordinates of end points of 40
the two chords AB and DE are A  2, 0  , B  0, 2 
y0 
0   4 
 x   4  
D  0, 2  and E  2,0  y
4
 x  4
4
Solution: Equation of the circle x2  y 2  4 y  x4
Hence center of the circle is origin  0, 0  x y40
End points of the chord are A  2, 0  , B  0, 2 

Shortest distance d1 from centre of circle to chord AB is
ax1  by1  c
y y d1  putting the values
y  y1  2 1  x  x1  putting the values a 2  b2
x2  x1
d1 
1 0    1 0   4 
004
20
y0 
0   2 
 x   2   12   1
2
11
4 4
2 d1  
y   x  2 2 2
2
y  x2 End points of the chord are D  0, 4  , E  4,0 
x y20 y2  y1
y  y1   x  x1  putting the values
Shortest distance d1 from centre of circle to chord AB is x2  x1
d1 
ax1  by1  c putting the values y0   x  4
0 4
40
a 2  b2
y  44  x  4 
1  0    1 0   3 002
d1  
11
y  1  x  4 
12   1
2
2 2
y  x  4
d1  
2 2 x y40
End points of the chord are D  0, 2  , E  2,0  Shortest distance d2 from centre of circle to chord CD is
y2  y1 ax1  by1  c
d2  putting the values
y  y1   x  x1  putting the values a 2  b2
x2  x1
y0   x  2
0 2
20
d2 
1 0   1 0   4 
004
y  22  x  2  12  1 11
2
y  1  x  2  d2 
4

4
y  x  2 2 2
Hence the distance from the centre of circle to the
x y20 both chords AB and CD is same.
Shortest distance d2 from centre of circle to chord CD is c).
ax1  by1  c putting the values
d2  Solution: Equation of the circle x2  y 2  9
a 2  b2
Hence center of the circle is origin  0, 0  slope of OA
5 0
End points of the chord are A  3, 0  , B  0,3 m1 
20
y2  y1
 x  x1  putting the values
5
y  y1  m1 
x2  x1 2
slope of OB
30
y0 
0   3
 x   3  m2 
 5 0
20
y  33  x  3  5
m2 
y  x3 2
slope of CA
x y3 0
5 0 5
Shortest distance d1 from centre of circle to chord AB is m3  
2   3 2  3
ax1  by1  c
d1  putting the values 5 1
a 2  b2 m3  
5 5
d1 
1 0    1 0   3 
003 Let m4 is a slope of BC
12   1
2
11
 5 0  5
m4  
3 3 2   3 2  3
d1  
2 2  5 1
m4  
End points of the chord are D  0,3 , E  3, 0 
5 5
m2  m1 putting the values
tan BOA 
y2  y1 1  m2 m1
y  y1   x  x1  putting the values
x2  x1 tan BOA 
 5
2  2
5
y0   x  3
0 3
3 0
1   5
2   2
5
y  33  x  3  5
2 5
tan BOA  2

1 5 4 5
y  1 x  3
4 4
 5
tan BOA 
y  x  3 1
4
x  y 3  0 tan BOA  4 5
Shortest distance d2 from centre of circle to chord CD is m  m3 putting the values
tan BCA  4
1  m4 m3
ax1  by1  c
d2  putting the values 1
 1
a 2  b2 tan BCA  5 5
1 0   1 0   3 003

1   
1
5
1
5
d2   2 2
12  1
2
11 tan BCA  5
 5
1  15 51
5
3 3 2
2 5
d2   tan BCA  5
 
2 2 4
5 5 4
Hence the distance from the centre of circle to the
 5
both chords AB and CD is same. tan BCA 
Q4. Show that angle subtended by minor arc AB of circle 2
According to condition
a). x  y  9 is two times the angle subtended
2 2
mBOA  2mBCA
in the major arc. The coordinates of the minor arc tan  BOA   tan  2BCA 
  
AB are A 2, 5 , B 2,  5  tan  BOA  
2 tan  BCA 
1  tan 2  BCA 
Solution: circle x  y  9 with centre O(0,0)
2 2
By using formula
For x-intercepts put y  0 in equation (1), we get
tan  BOA 
  2  5
2

 5
x 2  02  9
1   1  54
2
 5
2
x 9
2
taking square root
 5  5
x  3 4 5 4 5
 1
So x-intercepts are C  3, 0  , D  3, 0 

4 4
4 54 5
Take a point on major arc C(-3,0)
This satisfied the given condition
2
b). x  y  4 is two times the angle subtended 2 3
2 2
tan BCA  2
3
 
3 3 2
in the major arc. The coordinates of the minor arc
tan BCA   3
  
AB are A 1, 3 , B 1,  3  According to condition
2 2 mBOA  2mBCA
For x-intercepts put y  0 in equation (1), we get tan  BOA  tan  2BCA 
x 2  02  4 2 tan  BCA
x 4
2
taking square root 1  tan 2  BCA 
x  2 By using formula
So x-intercepts are C  2, 0  , D  2, 0   
2  3 2 3
tan  BOA   
1  3 1 3
2
Take a point on major arc C(-2,0)
2 3
3
2
3 3
c). x  y  16 is two times the angle subtended
2 2
in the major arc. The coordinates of the minor arc

  
AB are A 3, 7 , B 3,  7 
2 2
Let m1 is a slope of OA
3 0 3
m1    3 x 2  02  16
1 0 1
x 2  16 taking square root
Let m2 is a slope of OB
x  4
 3 0  3 So x-intercepts are C  4, 0  , D  4, 0 
m2    3
1 0 1 Take a point on major arc C(-4,0)
Let m3 is a slope of CA
3 0 3
m3  
1   2  1  2
3 1
m3  
3 3
Let m4 is a slope of BC
 30  3
m4  
1   2  1  2
Let m1 is a slope of OA
 3 1
m4   7 0 7
3 3 m1  
30 3
m2  m1
tan BOA  putting the values Let m2 is a slope of OB
1  m2 m1
 3 3  7 0  7
tan BOA  m2  
1  3   3  30 3
2 3 2 3
Let m3 is a slope of CA
tan BOA  
1 3 2 7 0 7
m3  
tan BOA  3 3   4  3  4
m4  m3 m3 
7

1
tan BCA  putting the values 7
1  m4 m3
7
1
 1 Let m4 is a slope of BC
tan BCA  3 3
 7 0  7
1   
1
3
1
3
m4 
3   4 

3 4
2 2  7 1
tan BCA  3
 3 m4  
7
1  13 31
3
7
tan BOA 
m2  m1 putting the values x  1 2 x  1 2
1  m2 m1 x3 x  1
 So x-intercepts are A  3, 0  , B  1, 0 
 7 7
tan BOA  3 3
1   
 7
3 3
7
For y-intercepts put x  0 in equation (1), we get
 0  1  y 2  22
2
2 7 2 7
tan BOA  3
 3
 0  1  y 2  22
2
1 7
9
97
9
1 y2  4
2 7
2 7 9
tan BOA  3
2
  y2  4 1
9 3 2 y2  3 taking square root
tan BOA  3 7 y 3
m  m3 putting the values
tan BCA  4 Take only one condition y 3
1  m4 m3
1
 1 So y-intercepts are C 0, 3  
tan BCA  7 7
1   
1
7
1
7
Let m1 is a slope of AC
2 2 3 0 3 1
m1   
tan BCA  7
 7
03 3 3
1  17 7 1
7
2
2 7
tan BCA  6
7
  m2 
3 0

3
 3
7 7 6 0   1 1
 7 For the right angle between AC and BC
tan BCA 
3 m1.m2    3
1
3
According to condition
mBOA  2mBCA m1.m2  1
Hence angle in the semi circle is right
tan  BOA  tan  2BCA 
b).  x  h   y  a , h  3, a  4 is a right angle.
2 2 2
2 tan  BCA
1  tan 2  BCA  Sol: We have  x  h   y 2  a 2 , h  3, a  4
2
By using formula Then equation of the circle becomes
   x  3  y 2  42..................... 1
2
 7 2 7
2
tan  BOA  
3
 3
1   1
2 7
 7
9
3
2 7
2 7 9
3 7  3
97
 
9 3 2
3 7  3 7 For x-intercepts put y  0 in equation (1), we get
 x  3  0 2  4 2
2
Q5. Show that angle in the semicircle of the circle

a).  x  h   y  a , h  1, a  2 is a right angle.  x  3  42
2 2
2 2
taking square root
Sol: We have  x  h   y 2  a 2 , h  1, a  2
2 x  3  4
Then equation of the circle becomes x  3 4
Either or
 x  1  y 2  22..................... 1
2
x  3 4 x  3 4
x7 x  1
So x-intercepts are A  7,0  , B  1, 0 
For y-intercepts put x  0 in equation (1), we get
 0  3  y 2  4 2
2
 x  1  02  22  3  y 2  42
2 2
9  y 2  16
 x  1  22
2
taking square root
y 2  16  9
x  1  2
y2  7 taking square root
x  1 2
Either or y 7
y 7 5 0 5
Take only one condition m2    5
0   1 1
So y-intercepts are C 0, 7   For the right angle between AC and BC
 1 
Let m1 is a slope of AC m1.m2  
 5
  5
7 0 7 1 m1.m2  1
m1   
07 7 7 Hence angle in the semi-circle is right
Q6. Show that perpendicular at the outer endpoint
a). P 1,5  of the radial segment is tangent to the
7 0 7
m2   
x2  y 2  x  5 y  2  0
7
0   1 1 circle
Solution: the Circle x  y  x  5 y  2  0
For the right angle between AC and BC 2 2
 1 
m1.m2  
 7
 7   Comparing with the general equation of circle
x2  y2  2g x  2 f y  c  0 We get
m1.m2  1
2g  1 2 f  5
Hence angle in the semi circle is right 1 5
g  f 
c).  x  h   y  a , h  2, a  3 is a right angle
2 2 2
2 2
Thus center
Solution: We have  x  h   y 2  a 2 ,
2
C   g ,  f   C    12  ,   25    C  21 , 52 
h  2, a  3
Then equation of the circle becomes Equation of tangent at P 1,5  of given circle
 x  2  y 2  32..................... 1 Using formula xx1  yy1  g  x  x1   f  y  y1   c  0
2
putting
1 5
1 x   5 y   x  1   y  5  2  0
2 2
1 5
x  5y   x  1   y  5  2  0  by 2
2 2
For x-intercepts put y  0 in equation (1), we get 2 x  10 y   x  1  5  y  5  4  0
 x  2  0  3
2 2 2
2 x  10 y  x  1  5 y  25  4  0
 x  2   32 2 x  x  10 y  5 y  1  25  4  0
2
taking square root
x  2  3 3x  5 y  28  0
a
x  23 Slope of line m1  putting the values m1  53
Either or b
x  23 x  23 y2  y1
Slope of the radial segment CP m2 
x5 x  1 x2  x1
So x-intercepts are A  5, 0  , B  1, 0  5
 5 5  10 1  2
m2  21  
For y-intercepts put x  0 in equation (1), we get 2 1 2 2
 0  2   y 2  32
2
m2  25  23  m2  53
 0  2   y 2  32
2
Slope of radial segment x slope of tangent
m1.m2   53  53 
4  y2  9
m1.m2  1
y2  9  4 Hence Perpendicular at the outer endpoint of
y2  5 taking square root radial segment is tangent to the circle
y 5 b). P  5, 6  of the radial segment is tangent to
Take only one condition y 5 the circle x2  y2  22x  4 y  25  0

So y-intercepts are C 0, 5   Solution: the Circle x  y  22 x  4 y  25  0
2 2
Let m1 is a slope of AC Comparing with the general equation of circle
5 0 5 1 x2  y2  2g x  2 f y  c  0 We get
m1   
05 5 5 2 g  22 2 f  4
Let m2 is a slope of BC g 22
2  11 f  4
2  2
Thus center a
m1 
C   g ,  f   C    11 ,   2    C 11, 2  b
y2  y1
Equation of tangent at P  5,10  of given circle Slope of the radial segment CP m2 
x2  x1
Using formula xx1  yy1  g  x  x1   f  y  y1   c  0 b
0
putting m2  2
a
0
 5 x   6  y  11 x  5  2  y  6   25  0 2
b
5 x  6 y  11x  55  2 y  12  25  0 m2  2
a
2
5 x  11x  6 y  2 y  55  12  25  0
b
6 x  8 y  18  0 m2 
a
a Slope of radial segment x slope of tangent
Slope of line m1  putting values
b  a   b 
 6 m1.m2    
m1  8  3
4  b  a 
y2  y1 m1.m2  1
Slope of the radial segment CP m2 
x2  x1 Hence Perpendicular at the outer endpoint of
radial segment is tangent to the circle
6  2 8
m2  
5  11 6
m2  4
3
Slope of radial segment x slope of tangent
 3  4 
m1.m2     
 4  3 
m1.m2  1
Hence Perpendicular at the outer endpoint of
radial segment is tangent to the circle
c). P  0, 0  of the radial segment is tangent to the
circle x2  y 2  ax  by  0
Solution: the Circle x  y  ax  by  0
2 2

x2  y2  2g x  2 f y  c  0 We get
2 g  a 2 f  b
a b
g f 
2 2
Thus center
  a   b   a b
C  g,  f   C     ,      C  , 
  2   2   2 2
Equation of tangent at P  0, 0  of given circle
Using formula xx1  yy1  g  x  x1   f  y  y1   c  0
putting
a b
 0 x   0 y   x  0   y  0  0
2 2
a b
0  0   x   y  0
2 2
a b
 x y 0  by  2 
2 2
ax  by  0
a
Slope of the line m1  putting the values
b

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Chapter 7 Exercise 7.

Chapter 7 Hence x  y  16 is the required eq of circle

CP  OP  OC Hence  x  32   y  2 2  12 is required eq of circle

r 2   x  h   y  k   x  h   y  k   r 2 putting the values

Equation of circle having centre  h, k  & radius  x   4     y   3   42

Hence  x  4 2   y  32  42 is required eq of circle

4). Radius must be positive i.e. r  0

For circle h  0 ,  1 , g1  , f1  & c1  gives

centre is radius, using formula

If r  0 then, circle is imaginary or virtual r

 x  h   y  k   r 2 putting centre and radius

g). C  5, 4  , tangent to the x-axis

 x  h    y  k   r 2 putting centre and radius x2  y2  4x  6 y  13  0

 x  5   y  3  25 By comparing with general equation of circle

By comparing with general equation of circle C   g ,  f   C  2,3

x2  y 2  2 g x  2 f y  c  0 And the radius r  g2  f c Putting values

r  4   3   9  By comparing with general equation of circle

1 34 4 1  136 137 137 c  2

therefore the given equation represents a circle,  2 

And the radius r  g2  f 2

Here the coefficients of x 2 & y 2 are equal therefore

And the radius r  g 2  f 2  c Putting values 25  16  10 g  8 f  c  0

At  6, 3  equation (1) becomes

Hence centre C  2, 3 and the radius r  3

c  2  11  4  2   5 Putting value of f and g in equation (2) we have

4  0  4g  0  c  0 Distance from the centre to point of circle is radius

At  3, 4  equation (1) becomes Squaring both sides we get

At 1, 5  equation (1) becomes

 x   2  x 1  1   y   2  y 1  1  50

x 2  2 x  1  y 2  2 y  1  50  0 c). contains the point A  1, 2  , B   4,3 and

through centre  h, k  i.e.,  h  1   k   2     h  4   k  3

4h  k  16  0.......................... 1 Squaring both sides we get

Squaring both sides we get 2  h  4    4    k   2  k  3   3

28 Therefore the centre C  h, k   C  35 ,3

 3  3 9 Sol: The points of circle A   0, 0  , B   0,3

Squaring both sides we get

Therefore the centre C  h, k   C 1, 0 

Sol: The points of circle A   0, 0  , B   0,3 At B   3, 0  in equation (1) we get

 x  h    y  k   r 2 putting the values

 x   3    y  52   52

x-intercept  3, 0  and y-intercept  0, 4 

Putting values of g , f and c in equation (1) we get

Since equation of circle x  y  a b  b 2  4ac putting the values

Since derivative at the point P  x1 , y1  gives slope

y  y1  m1  x  x1  putting the slope

Equation of circle x  y  2gx  2 fy  c  0

Point of intersection b/w circle with centre origin & line x2  y 2  a2

When distance between PQ becomes zero the

The coefficients of line terms of x2  y2  2g x  2 f y  c  0 We get

5  x  1  4  y  3 Hence Equation of tangent 3x  y  2

Sol: The equation of circle x  y  1 point

To find the equation of normal at point  2

Sol: the circle x  y  9..................1 And the line n  18 2

Q5. For what value of c

When Discriminant = 0 then the line and the circle

intersect at only one points/touches only

B2  4 AC  0 putting the values

And the line lx  my  n  0............................  2 

x2     2 gx  2 f  c  0 n2  36n  301  0

 m2 n 2  2 fm3n  cm4  n 2l 2  2l 2 fmn  cl 2 m2

n2l 2  n 2l 2  2l 2 fmn  2l 2 fmn

16  n 2  6n  32   4  5   n 2  3n  5  Length of tangent = 2 x length of tangent

Let P  x, y  be any point 00k