This experiment was started off with plant start up procedure.

This is important as this

step act as as a checkout of systems,commissioning of systems, and performance testing. The
testing was done by setting it at manual mode of MV=100%, SV=40 with PID trial values
PBI=15%, T11=35sec, TDI=8sec, before stroking it to MV=25%,50%,100%.
In this experiment, two types of sensors are being used that is red and green. The red pen
shows the wall of heater that represent RTD by ON/OFF controller. The green pen indicates
the temperature of the flow rate and represented by RTD of PID controller. Based on the
respond obtained for ON/OFF controller has higher damping compared to PID controller. The
ON/OFF controller was set at high temperature limit where PO1 is 55°C same with high limit
temperature of annunciator PO3 and dead band for both PO1 and PO3 was indicated 0.5°C.
The I/O data showed that the value with DO2 was off (0) and DO1 (1) was on position when
the heater is ON . Meanwhile, when the heater is OFF, the I/O data showed that the value with
DO1 was off (0) and DO2 (1) was on position when the heater is ON .
It was noted that every time when the temperature rises above 55°C, the heater are noted
to switch off with alarm sound. The alarm indicates that the temperature exceed that limit of
temperature that has been set.
Basically, an ON/OFF controller is like a switch. This type of temperature controller
turns on the heat when the process variable is below the set point and turns it off when the
process variable is above the set point. These controllers normally include a delay, hysterisis
and or cycle time to reduce cycling or "hunting" when the process variable is closed to the set
point.
For the next part of the experiment, it was observed in the graph that the PID controller
tend to be more fluctuated than ON/OFF controller. It was also observed that the oscillation of
ON/OFF controller are more stable compared to PID. When the automode has been activated,
with PID values of PB1 = 15 % TI1 = 35 secs TD1 = 8 secs, the respond of TE61/TIT61
becomes steady around 40°C . The process showed a smooth respond at a short time. This can
be explained through the PID theory, since the process uses all three control algorithms (PID)
together the process tend to ;
1. Achieve rapid response to major disturbances with derivative control

2. Hold the process near setpoint without major fluctuations with proportional control

3. Eliminate offset with integral control

 In the chart that we have obtained, the respond of both auto mode and manual mode is the
same. The respond recorded to be smooth with Product flow rate (FI61) = 1.3 m3/Hr.By
theory, the respond of PID controller at auto mode and manual mode it can be said that auto
made show a better respond. This is because, auto mode can automatically regulate the
condition back to it set point while manual mode require human to operate it back to the set
point.
Lastly the experiment was tested with test disturbance to observe the process respond of
PID controller. The two test disturbance that was conducted was set point change and load
change. From the chart obtained, it was noticed that for both of the test disturbance an
oscillation respond was produced. This indicates that the controller try to reduce the
disturbance applied throughout the process disturbance. Both test disturbance recorded a
value of Setpoint (SV) = 42℃, Product flow rate (FI61) = 2.7 m3/Hr.