FIRST WEEK, AIM: INTRODUCING YOURSELF

GRAMMAR NOTE 1.1

VERB BE: AFFIRMATIVE AND NEGATIVE

Verb BE:

It is used to give personal information such as name, age, nationality, occupation, etc...

Form: Subject + BE + Rest Form: Subject

+ BE + NOT + Rest

Conjugation of verb BE in affirmative form: Conjugation of

verb BE in negative form:

Affirmative Form Negative

Form

Full form / contraction Full

form / contraction

I am / I'm I a
m not / I'm not

You are / You're Yo

u are not / You aren't

She is / She's Sh
e is not / She isn't

He is / He's He
is not / He isn't

It is / It's It
is not / It isn't

We are / We're W
e are not / We aren't

You are / You're Yo

u are not / You aren't

They are / They're Th

ey are not / They aren't

Examples:

I am James Grant or I'm James Grant I am not James

Grant or I'm not James Grant

You are 18 years old or You're 18 years

old You are not 18 years old or You aren't 18 years old
He is British or He's British He is not Bri
tish or He isn't British

It is a dog or It's a dog It is not a

dog or It isn't a dog

We are from Spain or We're from Spain We are not from Sp

ain or We aren't from Spain

They are students or They're students They are not

students or They aren't students

GRAMMAR NOTE 1.2

YES / NO QUESTIONS WITH VERB BE

Also called closed questions because there are only two possible responses: Yes or No.

Form: BE + Subject + Rest + ?

Examples:

Are you James Grant? Yes, I am/ No, I'm not

Is she 18 years old? Yes, she is/ No, she isn't

Is Daniel British? Yes, He is / No, He isn't

Are you from Great Britain? Yes, We are / No, We aren't

Are They industrial engineering students? Yes, They are / No, They aren't

Question words:

What:

We use What at the beginning of the sentence to have an interrogative question. To ask
for specific information about sb/sth.

Ex. What is your name?

Where:

We use Where at the beginning of the sentence to have an interrogative question. To ask for a
place.

Ex. Where are you from?

Who:

We use Who at the beginning of the sentence to ask for a person, name of one or more people.

Ex. Who is your mom?

GRAMMAR NOTE 1.3

DEFINITE AND INDEFINITE ARTICLES: A / AN , THE.

· We use the indefinite article a before singular countable nouns which begin with
a consonant sound (b,c,d,f,g,h,j,k,l,m,n,p,q,r,s,t,v,w,x,y,z).: a ball a horse a car

· We use the indefinite article an before singular countable nouns which begin with
a vowel sound (a,e,i,o,u): an egg an apple an umbrella

· We use the definite article the to refer to something which has already mentioned

This is a car. The car is blue.

GRAMMAR NOTE 1.4

ADJECTIVES

Adjectives are words that describe or modify other words, making your writing and speaking much
more specific, and more interesting.

Form: Subject + Verb Be + Adjective

I am tall

He is nice

She is beautiful

It is small

We are short

You are happy

They are slim

POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES

Possessive adjectives are used to indicate possession.

Form: Possessive Adjective + noun + verb be + rest

My book is on the table.

Your teacher is tall.

His brother is Kevin.

Her sister is married.

Its house is small.

Our family is great.

Their friends are in the park.

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