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 Conteúdo

1 Psicopatologia: Questões Gerais

Definição de Psicopatologia
O Método Fenomenológico
Semiologia Psiquiátrica

2 Entrevista e Anamnese Psiquiátrica

A Entrevista Psiquiátrica: Aspectos Gerais
Estrutura e Conteúdo da Anamnese Psiquiátrica
O Exame Psíquico
Súmula Psicopatológica
O Exame Físico
Exames Complementares
O Diagnóstico Psiquiátrico

3 Aparência
Introdução
Alterações na Aparência
A Aparência nos Principais Transtornos Mentais

4 Atitude
Introdução
Alterações da Atitude
O Exame da Atitude
A Atitude nos Principais Transtornos Mentais

5 Consciência (Vigilância)
Introdução
Alterações Quantitativas Fisiológicas
Alterações Quantitativas Patológicas
Alterações Qualitativas Fisiológicas
Alterações Qualitativas Patológicas
 O Exame da Consciência (Vigilância)
A Consciência (Vigilância) nos Principais Transtornos Mentais
Contribuições da Psicanálise
Contribuições das Neurociências

6 Atenção
Introdução
Alterações Quantitativas
Alterações Qualitativas
O Exame da Atenção
A Atenção nos Principais Transtornos Mentais
Contribuições da Psicanálise
Contribuições das Neurociências

7 Sensopercepção
Introdução
Alterações Quantitativas
Alterações Qualitativas
O Exame da Sensopercepção
A Sensopercepção nos Principais Transtornos Mentais
Contribuições da Psicanálise
Contribuições das Neurociências

8 Memória
Introdução
Alterações Quantitativas
Alterações Qualitativas
O Exame da Memória
A Memória nos Principais Transtornos Mentais
Contribuições da Psicanálise
Contribuições das Neurociências

9 Linguagem
Introdução
 Alterações da Linguagem
Alterações Quantitativas
Alterações Qualitativas
O Exame da Linguagem
A Linguagem nos Principais Transtornos Mentais
Contribuições da Psicanálise
Contribuições das Neurociências

10 Pensamento I (Exceto Delírio)

Introdução
Alterações do Pensamento
Alterações Quantitativas
Alterações Qualitativas
O Exame do Pensamento
O Pensamento nos Principais Transtornos Mentais
Contribuições da Psicanálise
Contribuições das Neurociências

11 Pensamento II: Delírio

Introdução
Delírio Primário, Delírio Secundário e Ideia Sobrevalorada
Classificação
O Exame do Delírio
O Delírio nos Principais Transtornos Mentais
Contribuições da Psicanálise
Contribuições das Neurociências

12 Inteligência
Introdução
Alterações da Inteligência
O Exame da Inteligência
A Inteligência nos Principais Transtornos Mentais
Contribuições das Neurociências
13 Imaginação
Introdução
Alterações da Imaginação
O Exame da Imaginação
A Imaginação nos Principais Transtornos Mentais
Contribuições da Psicanálise
Contribuições das Neurociências

14 Conação
Introdução
Alterações Quantitativas
Alterações Qualitativas
O Exame da Conação
A Conação nos Principais Transtornos Mentais
Contribuições da Psicanálise
Contribuições das Neurociências

15 Pragmatismo
16 Psicomotricidade
Introdução
Alterações Quantitativas
Alterações Qualitativas
O Exame da Psicomotricidade
A Psicomotricidade nos Principais Transtornos Mentais
Contribuições das Neurociências

17 Afetividade
Introdução
Alterações Quantitativas
Alterações Qualitativas
O Exame da Afetividade
A Afetividade nos Principais Transtornos Mentais
 Contribuições da Psicanálise
Contribuições das Neurociências

18 Orientação Alopsíquica
Introdução
Alterações da Orientação Alopsíquica
Alterações Quantitativas
Alterações Qualitativas
O Exame da Orientação Alopsíquica
A Orientação Alopsíquica nos Principais Transtornos Mentais
Contribuições das Neurociências

19 Consciência do Eu
Introdução
Alterações da Consciência do Eu
Alterações Quantitativas
Alterações Qualitativas
O Exame da Consciência do Eu
A Consciência do Eu nos Principais Transtornos Mentais
Contribuições da Psicanálise
Contribuições das Neurociências

20 Prospecção
21 Consciência de Morbidade
Introdução
Alterações na Consciência de Morbidade
O Exame da Consciência de Morbidade
A Consciência de Morbidade nos Principais Transtornos Mentais

22 As Principais Síndromes Psiquiátricas

Síndrome de Ansiedade
Síndrome Fóbica
Síndrome Obsessivo-compulsiva
 Síndrome de Conversão
Síndrome Dissociativa
Síndrome Hipocondríaca
Síndrome Depressiva
Síndrome Maníaca
Estado Misto
Síndrome Delirante-alucinatória
Síndrome Paranoide
Síndrome Alucinatória
Síndrome Hebefrênica
Síndrome Catatônica
Síndrome Apático-abúlica
Retardo Mental
Autismo
Delirium
Síndrome Amnéstica
Demência
Síndrome Anoréxica
Síndrome Bulímica
Síndrome de Despersonalização-desrealização

Bibliografia

Apêndice — Psicopatologia Descritiva: Existe Uma Linguagem Comum?

Introdução
Exemplos de Divergências Entre os Autores Quanto a Algumas Alterações
Psicopatológicas
Discussão
Conclusão
Referências

Índice Alfabético
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Ŷ ALTERAÇÕES DA ATITUDE
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Ŷ O EXAME DA ATITUDE
2 H[DPLQDGRU QmR GHYH SURYRFDU DWLYDPHQWH TXDOTXHU DWLWXGH QR SDFLHQWH D TXDO SDUD XPD
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Ŷ A ATITUDE NOS PRINCIPAIS TRANSTORNOS MENTAIS

Ŷ Mania
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Ŷ Depressão
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Ŷ Esquizofrenia
1RVTXDGURVHPTXHSUHGRPLQDPRVVLQWRPDVQHJDWLYRVRXQDFDWDWRQLDSRGHKDYHULQGLIHUHQoD
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Ŷ Delirium, demência
1RGHOLULXPHHPTXDGURVGHGHPrQFLDDYDQoDGDSRGHKDYHULQGLIHUHQoDHPUHODomRDRH[DPH
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Ŷ Retardo mental
1RUHWDUGRPHQWDOpPXLWRFDUDFWHUtVWLFRXPFRPSRUWDPHQWRSXHULO

Ŷ Epilepsia
1DHSLOHSVLDGRORER WHPSRUDODVVLPFRPRHPRXWURV GLVW~UELRVFHUHEUDLV UHODFLRQDGRV D HVVD
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Ŷ Transtorno conversivo e transtornos dissociativos

1RWUDQVWRUQRFRQYHUVLYRHQRVWUDQVWRUQRVGLVVRFLDWLYRVVHPSUHKiWHDWUDOLGDGH&RVWXPDPHVWDU
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Ŷ Fobia social e transtorno de personalidade esquiva

$ LQLELomR p XP HOHPHQWR IXQGDPHQWDO GRV TXDGURV GH IRELD VRFLDO H GR WUDQVWRUQR GH
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Ŷ Transtorno delirante, transtorno de personalidade

paranoide
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Ŷ Transtorno de personalidade antissocial

2VRFLRSDWDDSUHVHQWDXPFRPSRUWDPHQWRVHGXWRUPDQLSXODGRUHKRVWLO
Ŷ Transtorno de personalidade borderline
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Ŷ INTRODUÇÃO

Ŷ Etimologia
$SDODYUDFRQVFLrQFLDYHPGRODWLPFXPVFLHQWLDTXHSRUVXDYH]pXPDWUDGXomRGDSDODYUD
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Ŷ Consciência psicológica
6HJXQGR -DVSHUV FRQVFLrQFLD p ³R WRGR PRPHQWkQHR GD YLGD SVtTXLFD´ (P RXWUDV SDODYUDV
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$VFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVGDFRQVFLrQFLDSVLFROyJLFDVmRDVVHJXLQWHV

± WUDWDVHGHXPDYLYrQFLDLQWHUQDHDWXDO
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HGRPXQGRH[WHUQR±SRGHQGRVHUGLGDWLFDPHQWHGLYLGLGDHPFRQVFLrQFLDGRHXHFRQVFLrQFLD
GRVREMHWRV
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Ŷ Ser consciente como uma qualidade
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Ŷ Vigilância
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Ŷ Lucidez de consciência
$OXFLGH]FRQVWLWXLXPHVWDGRGHFRQVFLrQFLDFODUDRXGHYLJLOkQFLDSOHQD±DFRQVFLrQFLDWHULD
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Ŷ Campo da consciência
2 FDPSR RX DPSOLWXGH GD FRQVFLrQFLD UHIHUHVH j TXDQWLGDGH GH FRQWH~GRV TXH D FRQVFLrQFLD
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Ŷ ALTERAÇÕES QUANTITATIVAS FISIOLÓGICAS

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Ŷ Sono
2VRQRSRGHVHUGHILQLGRFRPRXPHVWDGRGHLQFRQVFLrQFLDGRTXDODSHVVRDSRGHVHUGHVSHUWDGD
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Ŷ ALTERAÇÕES QUANTITATIVAS PATOLÓGICAS1

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Ŷ Rebaixamento do nível de consciência

$H[SUHVVmRUHEDL[DPHQWRGR QtYHOGHFRQVFLrQFLDUHIHUHVHDXPQtYHOGHFRQVFLrQFLDHQWUHD
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Ŷ Obnubilação simples
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Ŷ Obnubilação oniroide
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Ŷ ALTERAÇÕES QUALITATIVAS FISIOLÓGICAS

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Ŷ Outras funções psíquicas

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Ŷ Delirium
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Ŷ Transtornos dissociativos
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Ŷ CONTRIBUIÇÕES DA PSICANÁLISE
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Ŷ A bizarrice dos sonhos

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Ŷ CONTRIBUIÇÕES DAS NEUROCIÊNCIAS

Ŷ Sistema ativador reticular ascendente (SARA)

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Ŷ A bioquímica do ciclo sono–vigíla

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Ŷ O EXAME DA ATENÇÃO

Ŷ A observação da mímica e do comportamento

$H[SUHVVmRILVLRQ{PLFDGR SDFLHQWHQRFRQWDWRFRPRH[DPLQDGRUMi IRUQHFHHOHPHQWRVSDUDD
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Ŷ A entrevista psiquiátrica
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Ŷ Testagem
3DUD KDYHU XPD PDLRU YDOLGDGH QD LQWHUSUHWDomR GRV WHVWHV p SUHFLVR FRQVLGHUDU D SUHVHQoD GH
DOJXQVHOHPHQWRVTXHSRGHPFRPSURPHWHUVHXVUHVXOWDGRVFDQVDoRIDOWDGHPRWLYDomRHDQVLHGDGH
HVSHFLDOPHQWHVHUHODFLRQDGDDRGHVHPSHQKRQRH[DPH
2WHVWHPDLVVLPSOHVFRQVLVWHHPVROLFLWDUDRSDFLHQWHTXHREVHUYHRVREMHWRVSUHVHQWHVQRORFDO
GRH[DPHHGHSRLVRVOLVWHGHPHPyULD

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TXDQWLGDGHRDGXOWRQRUPDOUHSHWHGHDGtJLWRV1mRVHWUDWDGHWHVWHVGHPHPyULDMiTXH
SDFLHQWHVFRPDFHQWXDGDKLSRPQHVLDGHIL[DomRFRVWXPDPUHSHWLUFRUUHWDPHQWHDVSDODYUDVRX
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‡ 3URYDGH%RXUGRQ±2IHUHFHVHDRSDFLHQWHXPDIROKDHPTXHHVWiLPSUHVVRXPFRQMXQWRGH
OHWUDVUHXQLGDVDOHDWRULDPHQWHTXHQmRIRUPDPSDODYUDVHSHGHVHTXHHOHPDUTXHWRGDVDV
OHWUDVDHQ$SyVPLQXWRVVmRFRQWDGDVDVOHWUDVDHQTXHHVFDSDUDPGRULVFR
‡ 2XWURVWHVWHV±6XEWUDo}HVVXFHVVLYDVGHDSDUWLUGHVROHWUDUDSDODYUDPXQGRQDRUGHP
LQYHUVDOLVWDURVPHVHVGRDQRGHWUiVSDUDDIUHQWH

Ŷ A ATENÇÃO NOS PRINCIPAIS TRANSTORNOS MENTAIS

Ŷ Mania
1DPDQLDWLSLFDPHQWHKiKLSHUPRELOLGDGHFRPKLSRWHQDFLGDGHGDDWHQomR

Ŷ Depressão
1D GHSUHVVmR RFRUUH KLSRSURVH[LD HP IXQomR GH XPD IDOWD GH LQWHUHVVH JHQHUDOL]DGD RX HQWmR
ULJLGH]GDDWHQomRTXDQGRDPHQWHVHFRQFHQWUDHPDOJXPDVLGHLDVGHFRQWH~GRSHQRVR

Ŷ Esquizofrenia
2EVHUYDVHTXHRVHVTXL]RIUrQLFRVDSUHVHQWDPJHUDOPHQWHXPDGLILFXOGDGHGHFRQFHQWUDomRSRLV
VmRIDFLOPHQWHGLVWUDtGRVSRUHVWtPXORVLUUHOHYDQWHV$DWHQomRGRHVTXL]RIUrQLFRDOJXPDVYH]HVHVWi
JOREDOPHQWH GLPLQXtGD HP IXQomR GH DSDWLD H GHVLQWHUHVVH QRV FDVRV HP TXH SUHGRPLQDP RV
VLQWRPDV QHJDWLYRV 1R HVWXSRU GR VXEWLSR FDWDW{QLFR SRGH KDYHU DSURVH[LD (P VtQGURPHV
DOXFLQDWyULDVSRGHRFRUUHUWDQWRULJLGH]FRPRODELOLGDGHGDDWHQomR1RVFDVRVHPTXHKiGHOtULRV
GHSHUVHJXLomRHLQWHQVDDQVLHGDGHDDWHQomRHVSRQWkQHDFRVWXPDVHLQWHQVLILFDU

Ŷ Delirium
$FDSDFLGDGHGHFRQFHQWUDomRQRGHOLULXP HVWi VHPSUH GLPLQXtGD 1RV TXDGURV HP TXH QmR Ki
VLQWRPDWRORJLDSVLFyWLFDDPRELOLGDGHGDDWHQomRWDPEpPGLPLQXLPDVQRVTXDGURVSVLFyWLFRVHVWi
DXPHQWDGD
Ŷ Demência
$ FDSDFLGDGH GH FRQFHQWUDomR QD GHPrQFLD HVWi HVSHFLDOPHQWH FRPSURPHWLGD RFRUUH UiSLGD
IDWLJDELOLGDGH-iDPRELOLGDGHGDDWHQomRSRGHHVWDUWDPEpPGLPLQXtGDRXHQWmRH[DFHUEDGD

Ŷ Retardo mental
1RV FDVRV GH UHWDUGR PHQWDO Ki KLSRSURVH[LD ROLJRIUHQLD DSiWLFD RX ODELOLGDGH GD DWHQomR
ROLJRIUHQLDHUpWLFD

Ŷ Intoxicação por anfetamina, cocaína ou alucinógenos

(VVDVVXEVWkQFLDVWLSLFDPHQWHOHYDPDXPHVWDGRGHODELOLGDGHGDDWHQomRGHYLGRDRDXPHQWRGD
H[FLWDomRSVtTXLFD

Ŷ Intoxicação por álcool

2 iOFRRO LQLFLDOPHQWH SURYRFD ODELOLGDGH GD DWHQomR PDV FRP R DXPHQWR GR VHX QtYHO
SODVPiWLFRRFRUUHKLSRSURVH[LDHDSURVH[LD

Ŷ Transtornos de ansiedade
$DQVLHGDGHSURYRFDGLILFXOGDGHGHFRQFHQWUDomRHDXPHQWRGDDWHQomRHVSRQWkQHD

Ŷ Transtornos dissociativos
1RVHVWDGRVFUHSXVFXODUHVKLVWpULFRVREVHUYDVHULJLGH]GDDWHQomR

Ŷ Epilepsia
1RVHVWDGRVFUHSXVFXODUHVHSLOpSWLFRVREVHUYDVHWDPEpPULJLGH]GDDWHQomR
Ŷ Transtorno de déficit de atenção e hiperatividade
(TDAH)
1R7'$+RFRUUHPKLSRWHQDFLGDGHHKLSHUPRELOLGDGHGDDWHQomR$OpPGRGLVW~UELRGDDWHQomR
KiLPSXOVLYLGDGHHKLSHUDWLYLGDGH(VVHGLVW~UELRpPDLVSUHYDOHQWHHQWUHPHQLQRVHHQWUHRVHRV
DQRVGHLGDGH

Ŷ CONTRIBUIÇÕES DA PSICANÁLISE

Ŷ Atenção e consciência
)UHXGIDORXSRXFRVREUHDDWHQomRPDVHP$LQWHUSUHWDomRGRVVRQKRVHHP2LQFRQVFLHQWHHOH
UHODFLRQRX D DWLYLGDGH GD DWHQomR FRP D FRQVFLrQFLD 6HJXQGR R SDL GD SVLFDQiOLVH SDUD TXH
GHWHUPLQDGDUHSUHVHQWDomRVDLDGRVLVWHPDLQFRQVFLHQWHHDWLQMDRVLVWHPDFRQVFLHQWHSUpFRQVFLHQWH
pQHFHVViULRTXHHODVHOLJXHDXPDUHSUHVHQWDomRGHSDODYUDFDWp[LDYHUEDO0DVSDUDHODSDVVDU
GRSUpFRQVFLHQWHSDUDDFRQVFLrQFLDSUHFLVDDLQGDVHOLJDUDXPDFDWp[LDGHDWHQomR$DWHQomRHVWi
UHODFLRQDGDDXPDHQHUJLDSVtTXLFDPyYHOTXHRHJRWHPjVXDGLVSRVLomR

Ŷ A atenção no projeto
1R 3URMHWR SDUD XPD SVLFRORJLD FLHQWtILFD  XP WUDEDOKR QD YHUGDGH SUpSVLFDQDOtWLFR D
DWHQomR p UHODFLRQDGD DR WHVWH GH UHDOLGDGH H j VDWLVIDomR SXOVLRQDO 'H DFRUGR FRP HVVH WH[WR D
DWHQomR SURFXUD DWLYDPHQWH DV LPSUHVV}HV VHQVRULDLV DR LQYpV GH ILFDU HVSHUDQGR R VHX
DSDUHFLPHQWR 2 TXH R PHFDQLVPR GD DWHQomR ID] p DXPHQWDU D FDWp[LD HQHUJLD SVtTXLFD GD
UHSUHVHQWDomR UHFRUGDomR GR REMHWR GHVHMDGR ± R REMHWR TXH XP GLD Mi VDWLVIH] XPD QHFHVVLGDGH
SXOVLRQDO (VVD SUpFDWp[LD FULD XP HVWDGR SVtTXLFR GH H[SHFWDWLYD 4XDQGR PDLV WDUGH R PHVPR
REMHWRUHDSDUHFHQRFDPSRSHUFHSWXDODVXDLPDJHPSHUFHSWLYDILFDLQWHQVDPHQWHHQHUJL]DGDSRLVj
FDWp[LD UHIHUHQWH D HVVD LPDJHP VRPDUVHi D SUpFDWp[LD GD LPDJHP UHSUHVHQWDWLYD GR REMHWR
&RQVHTXHQWHPHQWHVHUiPDLRUDLQGLFDomRGHTXDOLGDGHLVWRpDLQGLFDomRGHTXHRREMHWRpUHDOH
QmRDSHQDVXPDDOXFLQDomR
Ŷ CONTRIBUIÇÕES DAS NEUROCIÊNCIAS

Ŷ Córtex frontal
2 FyUWH[ IURQWDO SDUHFH HVWDU UHODFLRQDGR j FDSDFLGDGH GH FRQFHQWUDomR H GH VHOHomR GH
HVWtPXORV ,QGLYtGXRV FRP OHV}HV FHUHEUDLV IURQWDLV ± GHPrQFLD GH 3LFN WUDXPDWLVPRV ORERWRPLD
HVTXL]RIUHQLD ± DSUHVHQWDP WHQGrQFLD j IDWLJDELOLGDGH GD DWHQomR (VWXGRV GH HOHWURHQFHIDORJUDILD
((* UHJLVWUDP QR FyUWH[ IURQWDO RQGDV GH H[SHFWDWLYD TXH VmR SRWHQFLDLV OHQWRV TXDQGR R
LQGLYtGXR HVWi UHDOL]DQGR XP HVIRUoR LQWHOHFWXDO (VWXGRV GH QHXURLPDJHP FRP WRPRJUDILD FRP
HPLVVmRGHSyVLWURQV3(7PRVWUDUDPTXHTXDQGRXPDSHVVRDGHVYLDVXDDWHQomRQRFDPSRYLVXDO
RFyUWH[IURQWDOpDWLYDGRHVSHFLDOPHQWHTXDQGRRHVWtPXORVHOHFLRQDGROHYDDXPDUHVSRVWDPRWRUD

Ŷ Córtex parietal posterior

2 FyUWH[ SDULHWDO SRVWHULRU LQWHJUD DV LQIRUPDo}HV GDV iUHDV SDULHWDLV VRPiWLFDV SULPiULD H
VHFXQGiULD FRP DV GRV VLVWHPDV YLVXDO H DXGLWLYR 3DUHFH WHU R SDSHO GH IRFDOL]DU D DWHQomR QR
HVSDoR H[WUDSHVVRDO 3DFLHQWHV TXH DSUHVHQWDP OHVmR QHVVD iUHD SDVVDP D LJQRUDU RV HVWtPXORV
ORFDOL]DGRV QR FDPSR VHQVRULDO FRQWUDODWHUDO 2 KHPLVIpULR GLUHLWR GLULJH D DWHQomR WDQWR SDUD R
FDPSRYLVXDOHVTXHUGRFRPRSDUDRGLUHLWRHQTXDQWRRKHPLVIpULRHVTXHUGRVyFRQWURODDDWHQomR
SDUDRFDPSRYLVXDOGLUHLWR
(P HVWXGRV HOHWURILVLROyJLFRV FRP DQLPDLV REVHUYRXVH XP DXPHQWR GD DWLYLGDGH QHXURQDO QR
FyUWH[ SDULHWDO SRVWHULRU TXDQGR HUDP DSUHVHQWDGRV REMHWRV ELRORJLFDPHQWH VLJQLILFDWLYRV FRPR
iJXD VH WLQKDP VHGH RX FRPLGD VH HVWDYDP FRP IRPH H XPD GLPLQXLomR GD DWLYLGDGH TXDQGR
GLDQWH GH REMHWRV QHXWURV 'D PHVPD IRUPD HVWXGRV GH QHXURLPDJHP FRP 3(7 HP KXPDQRV
PRVWUDUDPTXHTXDQGRXPDSHVVRDGHVYLDVXDDWHQomRQRFDPSRYLVXDORFyUWH[SDULHWDOSRVWHULRUp
DWLYDGR

Ŷ Tálamo
2 WiODPR HVSHFLDOPHQWH R Q~FOHR UHWLFXODU SDUHFH WHU D IXQomR GH UHJXODU D WUDQVPLVVmR GH
HVWtPXORVQHUYRVRVTXHDVFHQGHPSDUDRFyUWH[IXQFLRQDQGRFRPRXPILOWUR
Ŷ Dopamina
/HV}HV GR Q~FOHR GRSDPLQpUJLFR $ ORFDOL]DGR QD IRUPDomR UHWLFXODU OHYDP D XP
FRPSURPHWLPHQWRGDDWHQomRUHODFLRQDGDDRVHVWtPXORVDPELHQWDLVRTXHpFRUULJLGRFRPDLQMHomR
GH /GRSD XP SUHFXUVRU GD GRSDPLQD 3RU RXWUR ODGR VXEVWkQFLDV TXH DXPHQWDP D DWLYLGDGH
GRSDPLQpUJLFDFRPRFRFDtQDHDQIHWDPLQDSURYRFDPXPDH[DFHUEDomRGDDWHQomRHVSRQWkQHD

Ŷ Teorias da ciência cognitiva

'H DFRUGR FRP XPD WHRULD FRJQLWLYD D FRQVFLrQFLD IRUPXOD FRQVWDQWHPHQWH KLSyWHVHV VREUH R
PXQGRH[WHULRUDVTXDLVDDWHQomRDWUDYpVGDVHQVRSHUFHSomRHGDDomRPRWRUDSUHFLVDFRQILUPDU
RXUHIXWDU2FyUWH[FULDH[SHFWDWLYDVHHPLWHGLVSDURVGHRQGDVHOHWURTXtPLFDVTXHVmRWUDQVPLWLGDV
DRWiODPRHDRKLSRFDPSR4XDQGRFKHJDPjUHJLmRVXEFRUWLFDOLQIRUPDo}HVGRPXQGRH[WHUQRFRP
FDUDFWHUtVWLFDVHOHWURTXtPLFDVVHPHOKDQWHVRFRUUHXPDVLQFURQL]DomR(VVDVLQFURQL]DomRLUiHQWmR
SURSLFLDUXPDPDLRUQLWLGH]HFODUH]DGDLPDJHPGRREMHWRQDFRQVFLrQFLD'HO1HUR
&RP UHODomR j DWHQomR VHOHWLYD GLVFXWHVH VH XPD HVSpFLH GH ILOWUR EORTXHDULD RX DSHQDV
DWHQXDULD RV VLQDLV TXH QmR FKHJDP j FRQVFLrQFLD (VVD VHJXQGD KLSyWHVH HQFRQWUD UHVSDOGR QRV
HVWXGRVTXHGHPRQVWUDPTXHHVWtPXORVQmRFRQVFLHQWHVWDPEpPVmRSURFHVVDGRV+iG~YLGDVDLQGD
TXDQWRDHPTXHPRPHQWRVHGDULDDDWXDomRGHVVHILOWURVHDQWHVRXGHSRLVGRSURFHVVDPHQWRGDV
LQIRUPDo}HV
Ŷ INTRODUÇÃO
$ VHQVRSHUFHSomR FRQVWLWXL D SULPHLUD HWDSD GD FRJQLomR RX VHMD GR FRQKHFLPHQWR GR PXQGR
H[WHUQR(VWHVHUHIHUHDRVREMHWRVUHDLVLVWRpjTXHOHVTXHHVWmRIRUDGHQRVVDFRQVFLrQFLD

Ŷ Sensação
$VHQVDomRpXPIHQ{PHQRSDVVLYRItVLFRSHULIpULFRHREMHWLYR$ORQVR)HUQiQGH]TXH
UHVXOWD GDV DOWHUDo}HV SURGX]LGDV SRU HVWtPXORV H[WHUQRV VREUH RV yUJmRV VHQVRULDLV $WUDYpV GD
VHQVDomR SRGHPRV GLVWLQJXLU DV TXDOLGDGHV PDLV HOHPHQWDUHV GRV REMHWRV FRU IRUPD SHVR
WHPSHUDWXUDFRQVLVWrQFLDWH[WXUDWLPEUHVDERUHWF

Ŷ Percepção
$SHUFHSomRpXPIHQ{PHQRDWLYRSVtTXLFRFHQWUDOHVXEMHWLYR$ORQVR)HUQiQGH]eXP
IHQ{PHQRFRQVFLHQWHTXHUHVXOWDGDLQWHJUDomRGDVLPSUHVV}HVVHQVRULDLVSDUFLDLVHGDDVVRFLDomR
GHVWDVjVUHSUHVHQWDo}HV
$SHUFHSomRHVWiUHODFLRQDGDjLGHQWLILFDomRUHFRQKHFLPHQWRHGLVFULPLQDomRGRVREMHWRVeR
TXHGiVLJQLILFDomRjVVHQVDo}HV

Ŷ Exemplos
± 6HQVDo}HVIRUPDVHFRUHVHPXPDIRWRJUDILD
±3HUFHSo}HVXPTXDGURQHJURFDUWHLUDVFULDQoDVXQLIRUPL]DGDVVHQWDGDVHXPDVHQKRUDGH
SpDSRQWDQGRSDUDRTXDGUR
± $SUHHQVmRRXDSHUFHSomRXPDDXOD
Ŷ Distinção sensação/percepção
$GLVWLQomRHQWUHVHQVDomRHSHUFHSomRpDUWLILFLDO1mRFKHJDPjFRQVFLrQFLDVHQVDo}HVSDUFLDLV
DSHQDVFRQILJXUDo}HVJOREDLVWRWDOLGDGHVHVWUXWXUDGDV$SHUFHSomRQmRpPHUDPHQWHXPDVRPDGH
VHQVDo}HVSDUFLDLV

Ŷ Classificação das qualidades sensoriais

± ([WHURFHSWLYDVYLVXDLVDXGLWLYDVJXVWDWLYDVROIDWLYDVFXWkQHDVWiWHLVWpUPLFDVGRORURVDV
± ,QWHURFHSWLYDVRXFHQHVWpVLFDVEHPHVWDUPDOHVWDUIRPHVHGHVHQVLELOLGDGHYLVFHUDO
± 3URSULRFHSWLYDVFLQHVWpVLFDVPRYLPHQWRVFRUSRUDLVSRVLomRVHJPHQWDUGRFRUSRHTXLOtEULR
EDUHVWHVLDVHQVLELOLGDGHjSUHVVmRSDOHVWHVLDVHQVLELOLGDGHSDUDYLEUDo}HV

Ŷ Imagem perceptiva/imagem representativa

'HDFRUGRFRP-DVSHUVVmRDVVHJXLQWHVDVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVGDLPDJHPSHUFHSWLYD

± &RUSRUHLGDGH±RVREMHWRVVmRWULGLPHQVLRQDLV
± ([WURMHomR ± RV REMHWRV HVWmR ORFDOL]DGRV QR HVSDoR REMHWLYR H[WHUQR LVWR p IRUD GD
FRQVFLrQFLD
± 1LWLGH]±RVFRQWRUQRVGRVREMHWRVVmRSUHFLVRV
± )UHVFRUVHQVRULDO±DSHUFHSomRpYtYLGD3RUH[HPSORDVFRUHVVmREULOKDQWHV
± (VWDELOLGDGH±DLPDJHPpFRQVWDQWHQmRGHVDSDUHFHQHPVHPRGLILFDGHXPDKRUDSDUDRXWUD
± $XVrQFLDGHLQIOXrQFLDSHODYRQWDGH±DLPDJHPpDFHLWDSDVVLYDPHQWHSHORLQGLYtGXRTXHQmR
SRGHHYRFiODQHPPRGLILFiODDUELWUDULDPHQWH

3DUD-DVSHUVDVUHSUHVHQWDo}HVSRGHPDSUHVHQWDUWRGDVDVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVGDVSHUFHSo}HVH[FHWR
DFRUSRUHLGDGHHDH[WURMHomR7LSLFDPHQWHVmRHVWDVDVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVGDLPDJHPUHSUHVHQWDWLYDRX
PQrPLFD

± $XVrQFLDGHFRUSRUHLGDGH±DLPDJHPpELGLPHQVLRQDO
± ,QWURMHomR±RREMHWRHVWiORFDOL]DGRQRHVSDoRVXEMHWLYRLQWHUQRLVWRpQDPHQWH
± ,PSUHFLVmR
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± ,QVWDELOLGDGH
± 3RVVLELOLGDGHGHLQIOXrQFLDSHODYRQWDGH
Ŷ ALTERAÇÕES QUANTITATIVAS

Ŷ Agnosia
2WHUPRDJQRVLDIRLFULDGRSRU6LJPXQG)UHXG
$DJQRVLDFRQVWLWXLXPGLVW~UELRGRUHFRQKHFLPHQWRGHHVWtPXORVYLVXDLVDXGLWLYRVRXWiWHLVQD
DXVrQFLD GH GpILFLWV VHQVRULDLV $V VHQVDo}HV FRQWLQXDP D RFRUUHU QRUPDOPHQWH SRUpP QmR VmR
DVVRFLDGDV jV UHSUHVHQWDo}HV H DVVLP QmR VH WRUQDP VLJQLILFDWLYDV (P RXWUDV SDODYUDV Ki XP
FRPSURPHWLPHQWRHVSHFtILFRGRDWRSHUFHSWLYR
1D DJQRVLD YLVXDO R GRHQWH p FDSD] GH GHVFUHYHU D FRU H D IRUPD GH XP REMHWR PDV QmR R
LGHQWLILFD(OHQmRFRQVHJXHGL]HUSRUH[HPSORTXHVHWUDWDGHXPJXDUGDFKXYDQHPGL]HUSDUDTXH
HOHVHUYH
(VVHGLVW~UELRHVWiUHODFLRQDGRDOHV}HVHPiUHDVDVVRFLDWLYDVFRUWLFDLV

Ŷ Hiperestesia
$ KLSHUHVWHVLD RX KLSHUSHUFHSomR FRQVLVWH QXP DXPHQWR JOREDO GD LQWHQVLGDGH SHUFHSWLYD DV
LPSUHVV}HVVHQVRULDLVWRUQDPVHPDLVLQWHQVDVPDLVYtYLGDVRXPDLVQtWLGDV1DPRGDOLGDGHYLVXDO
DVFRUHVILFDPPDLVEULOKDQWHV
e REVHUYDGD QD PDQLD QD LQWR[LFDomR SRU DQIHWDPLQD FRFDtQD PDFRQKD H DOXFLQyJHQRV /6'
PHVFDOLQDHWFHPDOJXPDVFULVHVHSLOpSWLFDVHPTXDGURVGLVVRFLDWLYRVQRKLSHUWLUHRLGLVPR
$OWHUQDWLYDPHQWH D KLSHUHVWHVLD SRGH VHU GHILQLGD FRPR XPD KLSHUVHQVLELOLGDGH D HVWtPXORV
VHQVRULDLVFRPXQVTXHSDWRORJLFDPHQWHVHWRUQDPGHVDJUDGiYHLV1HVVHFDVRSRUH[HPSORUXtGRV
GH SHTXHQD LQWHQVLGDGH WRUQDPVH H[WUHPDPHQWH LQF{PRGRV ,VVR SRGH RFRUUHU QD GHSUHVVmR HP
HVWDGRVGHDQVLHGDGHQDHQ[DTXHFDHQDUHVVDFDSyVLQWR[LFDomRDOFRyOLFD

Ŷ Hipoestesia
$KLSRHVWHVLDRXKLSRSHUFHSomRFRQVLVWHQXPDGLPLQXLomRJOREDOGDLQWHQVLGDGHSHUFHSWLYD2
PXQGRSDUHFHPDLVHVFXURHVHPEULOKRDFRPLGDpLQVRVVDRVVRQVVmRDEDIDGRVHWF2EVHUYDVH
SULQFLSDOPHQWHHPTXDGURVHVWXSRURVRVFRPDEROLomRGDSVLFRPRWULFLGDGHVHMDPUHODFLRQDGRVD
GHSUHVVmRHVTXL]RIUHQLDRXGHOLULXP
Ŷ Anestesia
$ DQHVWHVLD FRQVLVWH QXPD DEROLomR GD VHQVLELOLGDGH e HQFRQWUDGD QDV PHVPDV VLWXDo}HV TXH D
KLSRHVWHVLDHDLQGDHPTXDGURVFRQYHUVLYRVDPDXURVHRXVXUGH]KLVWpULFDDQHVWHVLDVHP ERWDRX
HPOXYDQDLQWR[LFDomRDOFRyOLFDQRFRPD

Ŷ Alucinação negativa
$ DOXFLQDomR QHJDWLYD p GHILQLGD FRPR XPD DSDUHQWH DXVrQFLD GH UHJLVWUR VHQVRULDO GH
GHWHUPLQDGR REMHWR SUHVHQWH QR FDPSR VHQVRULDO GR SDFLHQWH FRPR SRU H[HPSOR QmR YHU XPD
SHVVRD TXH HVWi GLDQWH GH VHXV ROKRV 3RU GHILQLomR RV yUJmRV VHQVRULDLV HVWmR tQWHJURV (VVH
IHQ{PHQRHVWiUHODFLRQDGRDXPPHFDQLVPRSVLFRJrQLFRVHQGRREVHUYDGRHPTXDGURVFRQYHUVLYRV

Ŷ Macropsia
1DPDFURSVLDRVREMHWRVSDUHFHPDRSDFLHQWHDXPHQWDGRVGHWDPDQKR

Ŷ Micropsia
1DPLFURSVLDRVREMHWRVSDUHFHPPHQRUHVGRTXHUHDOPHQWHVmR

Ŷ Dismegalopsia
1D GLVPHJDORSVLD RV REMHWRV SDUHFHP GHIRUPDGRV DOJXPDV SDUWHV HVWmR DXPHQWDGDV RX
GLPLQXtGDV
$GLVPHJDORSVLDDVVLPFRPRDPDFURSVLDHDPLFURSVLDRFRUUHPDLVIUHTXHQWHPHQWHHPTXDGURV
GHGHOLULXPQDHSLOHSVLDWHPSRUDOQDHVTXL]RIUHQLDHQDLQWR[LFDomRSRUDOXFLQyJHQRV
2GLVW~UELRGDDXWRLPDJHPFRUSRUDOTXHRFRUUHQDDQRUH[LDQHUYRVD±QRTXDORSDFLHQWHPHVPR
HVWDQGR H[WUHPDPHQWH HPDJUHFLGR VH Yr FRPR JRUGR ± SRGHULD VHU FODVVLILFDGR FRPR XPD
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Ŷ ALTERAÇÕES QUALITATIVAS1
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Ŷ Alucinação
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Ŷ Alucinações verdadeiras
$VDOXFLQDo}HVYHUGDGHLUDVDSUHVHQWDPWRGDVDVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVGHXPDLPDJHPSHUFHSWLYDUHDO
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Ŷ Pseudoalucinações
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SRLVGHSHQGHGDYDOLGDGHHILGHGLJQLGDGHGHRXWURFRQFHLWRQRFDVRGRFRQFHLWRGHDOXFLQDomR

Ŷ Alucinoses
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QHXURFLUXUJLDV HP IRFRV HSLOpSWLFRV QD HQ[DTXHFD RV HVFRWRPDV FLQWLODQWHV H QR IHQ{PHQR GR
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FDWHJRULDQRVROyJLFDDOXFLQRVHDOFRyOLFDQDTXDOHPJHUDOQmRKiFUtWLFDHPUHODomRjVYLYrQFLDV
DOXFLQDWyULDV
Ŷ As vivências alucinatórias nas diversas modalidades
sensoriais
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GHVFDUJDVHOpWULFDVGHTXHVHXVyUJmRVJHQLWDLVHVWmRVHQGRWRFDGRV±H[SHULPHQWDPRRUJDVPRRX
VHQWHPVH YLROHQWDGRV ± GH TXH R FpUHEUR HVWi HQFROKHQGR R ItJDGR HVWi GHVWUXtGR Ki XP ELFKR
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HVWiDIXQGDQGRQROHLWRJLUDQGRYRDQGRGREUDQGRDVSHUQDVHOHYDQGRXPEUDoRHWF8PDIRUPD
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Ŷ Algumas formas especiais de vivências alucinatórias

$ DOXFLQDomR OLOLSXWLDQD RULJLQDOPHQWH GHVFULWD SRU /HUR\ HP  FRQVLVWH QD YLVmR GH
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RULJHPRUJkQLFD
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HVSDoRREMHWLYRH[WHUQR(VVHIHQ{PHQRSRGHVHGDUDQWHVQRPRPHQWRRXGHSRLVGRDWRGHSHQVDU
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HVTXL]RIUHQLD
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Ŷ Sinestesia
1D VLQHVWHVLD XP HVWtPXOR VHQVRULDO HP XPD PRGDOLGDGH p SHUFHELGR FRPR XPD VHQVDomR HP
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Ŷ O EXAME DA SENSOPERCEPÇÃO

Ŷ A entrevista psiquiátrica
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SRGH UHVSRQGHU DILUPDWLYDPHQWH SRU QmR FRPSUHHQGHU EHP D SHUJXQWD DFUHGLWDQGR TXH HVWD VH
UHIHUHDYR]HVRXYLV}HVUHDLVGRDPELHQWHTXHWRGRVRXYHPRXYHHP8PLQGLYtGXRQRUPDOSRGHWHU
RLQWHUHVVHHPVHSDVVDUSRUGRHQWHPHQWDO±SDUDREWHUEHQHItFLRVSUHYLGHQFLiULRVRXVHH[LPLUGH
UHVSRQVDELOLGDGH SHQDO ± H DVVLP GDU XPD UHVSRVWD PHQWLURVD $OpP GLVVR GRHQWHV TXH HVWmR
H[SHULPHQWDQGR DOXFLQDo}HV SRGHP QHJDU D SUHVHQoD GHODV SRU GLYHUVDV UD]}HV SDUD UHFHEHU DOWD
KRVSLWDODUHPIXQomRGHXPDSURLELomRQHVVHVHQWLGRSRUSDUWHGDVYR]HVHWF$VVLPpPXLWRPDLV
ILGHGLJQDDREVHUYDomRGRFRPSRUWDPHQWRGRSDFLHQWH

Ŷ A observação do comportamento do paciente

6mRLQGtFLRVGHDWLYLGDGHDOXFLQDWyULD

± $WHQomRFRPSURPHWLGDRSDFLHQWHSDUHFHHVWDUSUHVWDQGRDWHQomRHPRXWUDFRLVDTXHQmRDV
SHUJXQWDVGRH[DPLQDGRUPXGDQoDVV~ELWDVGDSRVLomRGDFDEHoDILVLRQRPLDGHWHUURURXGH
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±2ROKDUIL[RHPGHWHUPLQDGDGLUHomRGHVYLRVV~ELWRVGRROKDUPRYLPHQWRVGHIHQVLYRVFRP
DVPmRVYLVXDLV
± $UHFXVDVLVWHPiWLFDGHDOLPHQWRVJXVWDWLYDVHROIDWLYDV
± 0RYLPHQWRVGDVPmRVFRPRTXHDIDVWDQGRDOJRGDVXSHUItFLHGRFRUSRFXWkQHDV
± 3HoDV PHWiOLFDV RX RXWURV GLVSRVLWLYRV MXQWR j LQGXPHQWiULD SDUD GHWHU LUUDGLDo}HV RX
GHVFDUJDVHOpWULFDVQRFRUSRFHQHVWpVLFDV
Ŷ A SENSOPERCEPÇÃO NOS PRINCIPAIS TRANSTORNOS
MENTAIS

Ŷ Esquizofrenia
$ HVTXL]RIUHQLD DSUHVHQWD JUDQGH ULTXH]D DOXFLQDWyULD HVSHFLDOPHQWH QD IRUPD SDUDQRLGH
3UHGRPLQDP DV DOXFLQDo}HV FHQHVWpVLFDV H DXGLWLYDV $V YLVXDLV VmR UDUDV $V SVHXGRDOXFLQDo}HV
SDUHFHPVHUPDLVIUHTXHQWHVTXHDVDOXFLQDo}HVYHUGDGHLUDVPDVQDSUiWLFDDGLVWLQomRSRGHVHU
GLItFLO
$VRQRUL]DomRGRSHQVDPHQWRYR]HVTXHGLDORJDPHQWUHVLYR]HVTXHWHFHPFRPHQWiULRVVREUHR
FRPSRUWDPHQWR GR GRHQWH H VHQVDo}HV FRUSRUDLV FHQHVWpVLFDV LPSRVWDV IRUDP RV VLQWRPDV
VHQVRSHUFHSWLYRV LQFOXtGRV SRU . 6FKQHLGHU HQWUH RV GH SULPHLUD RUGHP SDUD R GLDJQyVWLFR GH
HVTXL]RIUHQLD
2VTXDGURVDSiWLFRDE~OLFRVFXUVDPFRPKLSRHVWHVLD

Ŷ Transtornos do humor
1RVWUDQVWRUQRVGRKXPRUSRGHPRFRUUHUKLSHUHVWHVLDQDPDQLDRXKLSRHVWHVLDQDGHSUHVVmRH
LOXV}HVFDWDWtPLFDV1RVTXDGURVDIHWLYRVFRPVLQWRPDVSVLFyWLFRVDVDOXFLQDo}HVDXGLWLYDVVmRDV
PDLVIUHTXHQWHV

Ŷ Delirium
1R GHOLULXP SUHGRPLQDP DV LOXV}HV H DOXFLQDo}HV YLVXDLV VHQGR GLItFLO QD SUiWLFD GLIHUHQFLDU
XPDVGDVRXWUDV$OXFLQDo}HVDXGLWLYDVHWiWHLVQmRVmRUDUDV1DFRQFHLWXDomRGH-DVSHUVVHULDPQD
YHUGDGHSVHXGRDOXFLQDo}HVHPIXQomRGDSHUGDGDOXFLGH]GHFRQVFLrQFLD3RGHKDYHUKLSRHVWHVLD
PLFURSVLD PDFURSVLD H GLVPHJDORSVLD 1R GHOLULXP WUHPHQV VmR FRPXQV DV ]RRSVLDV YLV}HV GH
SHTXHQRVDQLPDLVHDVDOXFLQDo}HVOLOLSXWLDQDVDOpPGHDOXFLQDo}HVWiWHLV

Ŷ Alucinose alcoólica
1DDOXFLQRVHDOFRyOLFDSUHGRPLQDPDVDOXFLQDo}HVDXGLWLYDVTXHSRVVXHPDVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVGH
XPDDOXFLQDomRYHUGDGHLUDHQmRGHDOXFLQRVH
Ŷ Intoxicação por alucinógenos
'XUDQWHRXVRGHPHVFDOLQD/6'HWFRFRUUHPKLSHUHVWHVLDPLFURSVLDPDFURSVLDHVLQHVWHVLD
$V DOXFLQDo}HV VmR EDVLFDPHQWH YLVXDLV FRP XP FRQWH~GR PXLWDV YH]HV GH IRUPDV JHRPpWULFDV
(VVDV YLYrQFLDV DOXFLQDWyULDV SRGHULDP VHU FODVVLILFDGDV FRPR DOXFLQRVHV HP IXQomR GD
SUHVHUYDomRGDFUtWLFD

Ŷ Epilepsia
1DV FULVHV SDUFLDLV FRPR QD DXUD HSLOpSWLFD SRGHP RFRUUHU DOXFLQRVHV 1DV FULVHV SDUFLDLV
FRPSOH[DV HP TXH Ki HVWUHLWDPHQWR GD FRQVFLrQFLD PXLWDV YH]HV VmR YLYHQFLDGDV
SVHXGRDOXFLQDo}HV

Ŷ Demência
$GHPrQFLDFRUWLFDOSRGHFXUVDUFRPDJQRVLD

Ŷ Transtorno conversivo e transtornos dissociativos

1RVTXDGURVFRQYHUVLYRVSRGHPRFRUUHUKLSHUHVWHVLDDQHVWHVLDHDOXFLQDo}HVQHJDWLYDV-iQRV
TXDGURV GLVVRFLDWLYRV SRGHP VHU HQFRQWUDGDV SVHXGRDOXFLQDo}HV 1HVWDV FRVWXPDP HVWDU
FRPELQDGDVPDLVGHXPDPRGDOLGDGHVHQVRULDODRPHVPRWHPSR3RUH[HPSORRSDFLHQWH³Yr´XPD
SHVVRDTXHQDYHUGDGHQmRHVWiSUHVHQWHHDLQGD³RXYH´DYR]GHOD
1DKLVWHULDGHFRQYHUVmRSRGHPRFRUUHUKLSHUHVWHVLDDQHVWHVLDHDOXFLQDo}HVQHJDWLYDV

Ŷ CONTRIBUIÇÕES DA PSICANÁLISE

Ŷ A alucinação como realização de desejo

3DUD )UHXG D DOXFLQDomR FRQVWLWXL R SULPHLUR PHFDQLVPR GH UHDOL]DomR GH GHVHMR GR UHFpP
QDVFLGR ± D FULDQoD DOXFLQD R VHLR GD PmH TXDQGR WHP IRPH UHYLYHQFLDQGR D H[SHULrQFLD GH
VDWLVIDomR DQWHULRU FRP R VHLR UHDO ± VHJXLQGR DVVLP R SULQFtSLR GR SUD]HU 0DLV WDUGH FRP D
LQLELomR GHVVH PHFDQLVPR TXH VH PRVWUD SRXFR HILFD] SRGHP VH GHVHQYROYHU D IDQWDVLD H R
SHQVDPHQWR
Ŷ Rejeição
2PHFDQLVPRGHGHIHVDFRQKHFLGRFRPRUHMHLomRRXUHS~GLRIRUFOXVLRQHPIUDQFrVRFRUUHQR
HVTXL]RIUrQLFR(VWHUHWLUDDOLELGRGRVREMHWRVHDUHLQYHVWHQRSUySULRHJR0DLVWDUGHWHQWDLQYHVWL
ODQRYDPHQWHQRVREMHWRVPDVRID]GHIRUPDSDWROyJLFDRVREMHWRVLQWHUQRVTXHIRUDPUHMHLWDGRV
UHWRUQDP FRPR VH HVWLYHVVHP YLQGR GR PXQGR H[WHUQR ± QmR VmR PDLV UHFRQKHFLGRV FRPR
SHUWHQFHQWHVDRVHOI±VHQGRDVVLPIRUPDGDVDVDOXFLQDo}HV

Ŷ CONTRIBUIÇÕES DAS NEUROCIÊNCIAS

Ŷ A percepção normal
$ HVSHFLILFLGDGH p XPD FDUDFWHUtVWLFD GRV UHFHSWRUHV VHQVRULDLV &DGD UHFHSWRU TXH HVWi HP
FRQWDWRFRPRPXQGRH[WHUQRpVHQVtYHODSHQDVDXPWLSRGHHQHUJLDOXPLQRVDPHFkQLFDWpUPLFD
RX TXtPLFD 3RU H[HPSOR RV UHFHSWRUHV VHQVRULDLV DXGLWLYRV QmR FDSWDP LQIRUPDo}HV VHQVRULDLV
YLVXDLV
7RGDV DV IRUPDV GH HQHUJLD TXH FKHJDP DR UHFHSWRU VmR FRQYHUWLGDV HP HQHUJLD HOHWURTXtPLFD
SRWHQFLDLVGHDomR,VVRpRTXHVHFKDPDGHWUDQVGXomRGRHVWtPXOR
$SyVDWUDQVGXomRGRHVWtPXORRFRUUHDFRGLILFDomRQHXUDORSDGUmRGHGHVFDUJDVGRVSRWHQFLDLV
GH DomR UHSUHVHQWD D LQIRUPDomR GR HVWtPXOR 4XDQWR PDLRU D LQWHQVLGDGH GR HVWtPXOR PDLRUHV D
IUHTXrQFLD GH GHVFDUJD H R Q~PHUR GH UHFHSWRUHV DWLYDGRV $ PRGDOLGDGH GD LQIRUPDomR YLVXDO
WiWLOHWFHVWiUHODFLRQDGDjHVSHFLILFLGDGHGRUHFHSWRU$GXUDomRSRUVXDYH]HVWiUHODFLRQDGDDR
WHPSRQHFHVViULRSDUDKDYHUDGDSWDomRGRVUHFHSWRUHVTXHRFRUUHTXDQGRRHVWtPXORpFRQVWDQWH-i
D ORFDOL]DomR GR HVWtPXOR HVWi UHSUHVHQWDGD QRV PDSDV QHXUDLV FRUWLFDLV TXH PDQWrP D PHVPD
RUJDQL]DomRHVSDFLDOHQFRQWUDGDQDVVXSHUItFLHVUHFHSWLYDV
3HORWiODPRSDVVDPDVLQIRUPDo}HVVHQVRULDLVH[FHWRDVGDROIDomRDQWHVGHFKHJDUHPjViUHDV
VHQVRULDLV SULPiULDV QR FyUWH[ 2 WiODPR p FRQVLGHUDGR XP UHWUDQVPLVVRU SRLV PRGLILFD DV
LQIRUPDo}HVVHQVRULDLVUHDOL]DXPDLQLELomRODWHUDOTXHSURSLFLDXPDPDLRUDFXLGDGHQRSURFHVVR
VHQVRULDO'RWiODPRHVVDVLQIRUPDo}HVDWLQJHPDVUHJL}HVFRUWLFDLVSULPiULDVUHODFLRQDGDVFRPDV
PRGDOLGDGHV VHQVRULDLV HVSHFtILFDV (P VHJXLGD DV iUHDV FRUWLFDLV VHFXQGiULDV FRPHoDP D GDU
VHQWLGRDRVVLQDLVVHQVRULDLVHVSHFtILFRVFDEHQGRDHODVDLQWHUSUHWDomRGDFRUGDIRUPDHWF$iUHD
GHDVVRFLDomRSDULHWRRFFLSLWRWHPSRUDOWHPXPSDSHOLPSRUWDQWHQRUHFRQKHFLPHQWRGRVREMHWRV
$V FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV VHQVRULDLV HOHPHQWDUHV FRU IRUPD HWF VmR SURFHVVDGDV VHSDUDGD H
SDUDOHODPHQWHDVLQIRUPDo}HVUHODWLYDVDFDGDXPDGHODVVHJXHPYLDVQHXUDLVGLIHUHQWHVHFKHJDPD
UHJL}HVFRUWLFDLVGLIHUHQWHV4XDQWRjLQWHJUDomRGDVLQIRUPDo}HVVHQVRULDLVRVHXPHFDQLVPRDLQGD
p SRXFR FRQKHFLGR PDV VDEHVH TXH HVWi UHODFLRQDGD D FLUFXLWRV DVVRFLDWLYRV FRUWLFRFRUWLFDLV e
QHFHVViULR TXH KDMD VLQFURQLD TXDQWR jV GHVFDUJDV GDV GLIHUHQWHV YLDV VHQVRULDLV SDUD TXH DV
LQIRUPDo}HVVHQVRULDLVVHMDPDVVRFLDGDVDXPPHVPRREMHWR3DUDTXHVHGrRUHFRQKHFLPHQWRGR
REMHWRRSDGUmRGRVHVWtPXORVVHQVRULDLVDWXDLVpFRPSDUDGRDRVSDGU}HVDUPD]HQDGRVQDPHPyULD
6HJXQGR D SVLFRORJLD GH JHVWDOW D LPDJHP SHUFHSWLYD p PDLV GR TXH D VRPD GRV HOHPHQWRV
VHQVRULDLV p FRQVWUXtGD WDPEpP D SDUWLU GDV UHSUHVHQWDo}HV ,VVR VH HYLGHQFLD QDV LOXV}HV SRU
GHVDWHQomRQDVSDUHLGROLDVHQDFRQVWDWDomRGHTXHDVPHVPDViUHDVFHUHEUDLVVmRDWLYDGDVTXDQGR
VHYrXPREMHWRHTXDQGRVHLPDJLQDYLVXDOPHQWHRPHVPRREMHWR$OpPGLVVRDLPDJHPSHUFHSWLYD
pEDVWDQWHLQIOXHQFLDGDSHODDWHQomRVHOHWLYD±TXHGHWHUPLQDRTXHVHUiRIRFRHRTXHVHUiRIXQGR
±SHODPRWLYDomRHSHODVHPRo}HV
1DPDLRUSDUWHGDVYH]HVRVHVWtPXORVVmRVXEOLPLQDUHVHQmRVmRSHUFHELGRV0DVQDPHPyULD
GH ORQJR SUD]R SRGHP VHU DUPD]HQDGDV LQIRUPDo}HV TXH QXQFD FKHJDUDP j FRQVFLrQFLD $
FRQVFLHQWL]DomR GD SHUFHSomR HVWi UHODFLRQDGD DR KHPLVIpULR FHUHEUDO HVTXHUGR HVWtPXORV YLVXDLV
GH REMHWRV SURMHWDGRV QD PHWDGH HVTXHUGD GR FDPSR YLVXDO YmR FKHJDU LQLFLDOPHQWH DR KHPLVIpULR
GLUHLWR PDV Vy YmR VHU UHSUHVHQWDGRV QD FRQVFLrQFLD TXDQGR D LQIRUPDomR FKHJDU DR KHPLVIpULR
HVTXHUGR ,VVR p GHPRQVWUDGR HP HVWXGRV FRP SDFLHQWHV TXH VRIUHUDP VHFomR GR FRUSR FDORVR
FRPLVVXUDTXHFRQHFWDRVGRLVKHPLVIpULRV

Ŷ Alucinações e privação sensorial

$SULYDomRVHQVRULDOH[SHULPHQWDOHPDQLPDLVOHYDDGLVW~UELRVQHXURQDLV(PHVWXGRVFRPVHUHV
KXPDQRV QRUPDLV D SULYDomR VHQVRULDO OHYRX j SURGXomR GH IHQ{PHQRV DOXFLQDWyULRV TXH SRUpP
HUDP EHP GLIHUHQWHV GRV TXH RFRUUHP QD HVTXL]RIUHQLD -i HP HVWXGRV FRP HVTXL]RIUrQLFRV
VXEPHWLGRV D XPD VLWXDomR GH LVRODPHQWR VHQVRULDO RV SDFLHQWHV DSUHVHQWDUDP SRXFDV DOWHUDo}HV
2EVHUYDVHXPDDVVRFLDomRHQWUHGpILFLWYLVXDOHRVXUJLPHQWRGHDOXFLQDo}HVYLVXDLVHHQWUHVXUGH]
H DOXFLQDo}HV PXVLFDLV (VWXGRV UHFHQWHV GH QHXURLPDJHP IXQFLRQDO LQGLFDP TXH DV PHVPDV iUHDV
FRUWLFDLVVmRDWLYDGDVQDSHUFHSomRQRUPDOGDIDODHGXUDQWHDH[SHULrQFLDGHDOXFLQDo}HVDXGLWLYDV
'DYLG+RIIPDQ
$ KLSyWHVH IRUPXODGD IRL D GH TXH D SULYDomR GH HVWtPXORV H[WHUQRV OHYDULD D XP HVWDGR GH
OLEHUDomRQHXURQDOQRTXDORSUySULRVLVWHPDQHUYRVRSURGX]LULDRIHQ{PHQRVHQVRULDO8PHVWDGR
VHPHOKDQWH DR GH XPD SULYDomR VHQVRULDO SRGHULD VXUJLU HP IXQomR GH GLVW~UELRV HP HVWUXWXUDV
VXEFRUWLFDLVTXHDWXDQGRFRPRXPPHFDQLVPRGHSRUWmRHVWDULDPLQLELQGRDFKHJDGDGHHVWtPXORV
VHQVRULDLVDRFyUWH[

Ŷ Alucinações e neuroquímica
$OXFLQDo}HVSRGHPVHUFDXVDGDVSRUVXEVWkQFLDVTXHDXPHQWDPDDWLYLGDGHGDGRSDPLQDFRPRD
FRFDtQD D DQIHWDPLQD D /GRSD H D EURPRFULSWLQD 2V DQWLSVLFyWLFRV DQWDJRQL]DP D DWLYLGDGH GD
GRSDPLQDQRVLVWHPDQHUYRVRFHQWUDOHVmRHILFD]HVQDUHGXomRGHVLQWRPDVFRPRDVDOXFLQDo}HV-i
DV VXEVWkQFLDV DOXFLQyJHQDV FRPR /6' PHVFDOLQD SVLORFLELQD HWF TXH SURYRFDP XP TXDGUR
DOXFLQDWyULREDVWDQWHULFRSUHGRPLQDQWHPHQWHYLVXDOSRVVXHPXPHIHLWRDJRQLVWDVHURWRQLQpUJLFR
 'LDQWHGHVVDVLQIRUPDo}HVIRUPXORXVHDKLSyWHVHGHTXHDVDOXFLQDo}HVHVWDULDPUHODFLRQDGDVD
XPDKLSHUDWLYLGDGHQDVYLDVGRSDPLQpUJLFDVHVHURWRQLQpUJLFDV

Ŷ Alucinações: abordagem cognitivista

)RL OHYDQWDGD D VHJXLQWH KLSyWHVH DV DOXFLQDo}HV FRQVWLWXLULDP LPDJHQV GHULYDGDV GH IRQWHV
LQWHUQDVGHLQIRUPDo}HVTXHVHULDPHUURQHDPHQWHDYDOLDGDVFRPRRULXQGDVGRPXQGRH[WHUQR
(VWXGRV GH UHVVRQkQFLD PDJQpWLFD IXQFLRQDO LQGLFDP TXH D IDOD LQWHUQD ± FRQYHUVDU FRQVLJR
SUySULRHPVLOrQFLR±HDVDOXFLQDo}HVDXGLWLYRYHUEDLVHVWDULDPUHODFLRQDGDVjDWLYDomRGDPHVPD
UHJLmRFRUWLFDO'DYLG

QUADRO 2
1$9HU48$'52QRILQDOGRFDStWXOR
Ŷ INTRODUÇÃO

Ŷ O que é memória
3DUDRVDQWLJRVJUHJRVDPHPyULDHUDXPDHQWLGDGHVREUHQDWXUDODGHXVD0QHPRV\QHTXHGDYD
DRVSRHWDVHDGLYLQKRVRSRGHUGHYROWDUDRSDVVDGR
6HJXQGR .DQGHO H FROV  R DSUHQGL]DGR p R SURFHVVR DWUDYpV GR TXDO DGTXLULPRV
FRQKHFLPHQWRVREUHRPXQGRMiDPHPyULDUHSUHVHQWDRDUPD]HQDPHQWRGHVVHFRQKHFLPHQWR(VVDV
LQIRUPDo}HVDUPD]HQDGDVGL]HPUHVSHLWRjVQRVVDVH[SHULrQFLDVSHUFHSWLYDVHPRWRUDVDVVLPFRPR
jVYLYrQFLDVLQWHUQDVQRVVRVSHQVDPHQWRVHHPRo}HV
8PD FDSDFLGDGH PQrPLFD SUHVHUYDGD p IXQGDPHQWDO SDUD D SHUFHSomR JQRVLD H SDUD D
RULHQWDomR

Ŷ As etapas do processo mnêmico1

'LGDWLFDPHQWH D DWLYLGDGH GD PHPyULD p GLYLGLGD HP WUrV IDVHV IL[DomR RX DTXLVLomR RX
FRGLILFDomR FRQVHUYDomR RX UHWHQomR RX DUPD]HQDPHQWR H HYRFDomR RX UHPHPRUDomR RX
UHFXSHUDomR

Ŷ Fixação
$HWDSDGHIL[DomRWHUPRFULDGRSRU:HUQLFNHUHIHUHVHjDTXLVLomRGHQRYDVLQIRUPDo}HV
$ IL[DomR GHSHQGH GD SUHVHUYDomR GR QtYHO GD FRQVFLrQFLD YLJLOkQFLD GD DWHQomR
HVSHFLDOPHQWHGDWHQDFLGDGHGDVHQVRSHUFHSomRHGDFDSDFLGDGHGHDSUHHQVmRDSHUFHSomR
)L[DPVHPDLVIDFLOPHQWHDVLQIRUPDo}HVTXHGHVSHUWDPRQRVVRLQWHUHVVHHSRVVXHPXPDPDLRU
FRQRWDomR HPRFLRQDO DV TXH WrP XP FDUiWHU GH QRYLGDGH DV TXH SRGHP VHU DVVRFLDGDV jV
LQIRUPDo}HV DQWHULRUPHQWH DGTXLULGDV H DV TXH HQYROYHP DR PHVPR WHPSR PDLV GH XP FDQDO
VHQVRULDOYLVmRHDXGLomRSRUH[HPSOR
Ŷ Conservação
$ HWDSD GH FRQVHUYDomR UHIHUHVH j PDQXWHQomR HP HVWDGR GH ODWrQFLD GDV LQIRUPDo}HV TXH
IRUDPIL[DGDV
$VLQIRUPDo}HVFRQVHUYDGDVYmRDWUDYpVGRWHPSRVRIUHQGRXPSURFHVVROHQWRGHGHVLQWHJUDomR
TXH VHJXH D OHL GH UHJUHVVmR PQrPLFD GH 5LERW 'H DFRUGR FRP HVWD D SHUGD GDV LQIRUPDo}HV
DUPD]HQDGDVVHID]GDVPDLVUHFHQWHVSDUDDVPDLVDQWLJDVGDVPDLVFRPSOH[DVSDUDDVPDLVVLPSOHV
HGDVPHQRVRUJDQL]DGDVSDUDDVPDLVRUJDQL]DGDV

Ŷ Evocação
$ HWDSD GH HYRFDomR FRUUHVSRQGH DR UHWRUQR HVSRQWkQHR RX YROXQWiULR j FRQVFLrQFLD GDV
LQIRUPDo}HVDUPD]HQDGDV$OWHUQDWLYDPHQWHQRFDVRGDPHPyULDLPSOtFLWDYHUDGLDQWHDHYRFDomR
FRUUHVSRQGHjH[SUHVVmRQRFRPSRUWDPHQWRGRDSUHQGL]DGRSUpYLR
)DWRUHVDIHWLYRVSRGHPLQIOXHQFLDUDHYRFDomR9LDGHUHJUDQRVHVTXHFHPRVPDLVIDFLOPHQWHGR
TXHQRVGHVDJUDGDRXDQJXVWLD
$VVLP FRPR D SHUFHSomR QmR p XPD FySLD ILHO GR PXQGR H[WHUQR D HYRFDomR WDPEpP QXQFD p
LGrQWLFD j LPDJHP SHUFHSWLYD IL[DGD FDGD YH] TXH HYRFDPRV HVWDPRV UHFRQVWUXLQGR VHPSUH FRP
DOWHUDo}HVDLPDJHPDUPD]HQDGD
'HQWURGDHYRFDomRH[LVWLULDXPDHWDSDH[WUDGRSURFHVVRPQrPLFRDGRUHFRQKHFLPHQWRFRPR
SUHWpULWR (VWD FRQVLVWH QD LGHQWLILFDomR GD LPDJHP HYRFDGD FRPR DOJR GR SDVVDGR Mi YLYHQFLDGR
DQWHULRUPHQWHHQmRGRSUHVHQWH

Ŷ Classificação das memórias2

$VPHPyULDVSRGHPVHUGLYLGLGDVGDVHJXLQWHIRUPDPHPyULDVHQVRULDORXLF{QLFDRXLPHGLDWD
RXGHFXUWtVVLPRSUD]RPHPyULDGHFXUWRSUD]RRXUHFHQWHHPHPyULDGHORQJRSUD]RRXUHPRWD

Ŷ Memória sensorial
$PHPyULDVHQVRULDOGXUDPHQRVGHXPVHJXQGR3HUPDQHFHDWLYDDSHQDVRWHPSRQHFHVViULRSDUD
VH GDU D SHUFHSomR e PXLWR IUiJLO H SRVVXL XPD FDSDFLGDGH PXLWtVVLPR OLPLWDGD e PDLV
SURSULDPHQWHXPDIXQomRGDDWHQomRGRTXHGDPHPyULD
Ŷ Memória de curto prazo
$PHPyULDGHFXUWRSUD]RSRVVXLXPDFDSDFLGDGHGHDUPD]HQDPHQWROLPLWDGDHGXUDGHVHJXQGRV
DPLQXWRV
$PHPyULDGHWUDEDOKRRXRSHUDFLRQDOFRQFHLWRGHVHQYROYLGRSHORSVLFyORJRFRJQLWLYLVWD$ODQ
%DGGHOH\FRUUHVSRQGHDXPFRPSRQHQWHGHFXUWRSUD]RGDPHPyULDH[SOtFLWD>YHUDGLDQWH@5HIHUH
VH DR DUPD]HQDPHQWR WHPSRUiULR GH LQIRUPDo}HV SDUD D UHDOL]DomR GH WDUHIDV FRJQLWLYDV (VVDV
LQIRUPDo}HV SURYrP GRV HVWtPXORV FRUUHQWHV FXMD LPSUHVVmR p SURORQJDGD RX GD UHFXSHUDomR GH
HOHPHQWRVGDPHPyULDGHORQJRSUD]R'LYHUVDVLQIRUPDo}HVVmRPDQWLGDVDWLYDVVLPXOWDQHDPHQWH
SDUDTXHSRVVDPVHULQWHJUDGDVHPDQLSXODGDV
$PHPyULDGHWUDEDOKRpHVVHQFLDOWDQWRSDUDDIL[DomRFRPRSDUDDHYRFDomRHpQHFHVViULDSDUD
DWLYLGDGHVFRJQLWLYDVFRPRDFRPSUHHQVmRRUDFLRFtQLRDWRPDGDGHGHFLV}HVHRSODQHMDPHQWRGD
DomR
$ PHPyULD GH WUDEDOKR ID]VH SUHVHQWH SRU H[HPSOR TXDQGR UHSHWLPRV GH LPHGLDWR XPD
VHTXrQFLDGHGtJLWRVFRPRRQ~PHURGHXPWHOHIRQHHTXDQGRDRILQDOGHXPDIUDVHTXHRXYLPRV
DLQGDQRVOHPEUDPRVGHVXDVSULPHLUDVSDODYUDVRTXHWRUQDSRVVtYHODFRPSUHHQVmRGRVHQWLGRGD
IUDVHFRPRXPWRGR

Ŷ Memória de longo prazo

2 SURFHVVR TXH FRQYHUWH DV PHPyULDV GH FXUWR SUD]R HP PHPyULDV GH ORQJR SUD]R FKDPDVH
FRQVROLGDomR(VWDTXHpIDFLOLWDGDSHODUHSHWLomRGDLQIRUPDomRQHFHVVLWDGHDPLQXWRVSDUD
TXHRFRUUDPLQLPDPHQWHHGHSHORPHQRVPLQXWRVSDUDTXHRFRUUDGHIRUPDSOHQD
$PHPyULDGHORQJRSUD]RUHSUHVHQWDRDUPD]HQDPHQWRSHUPDQHQWHGHLQIRUPDo}HV,QIRUPDo}HV
TXH IRUDP IL[DGDV Ki DOJXQV PLQXWRV SRGHUmR VHU HYRFDGDV SRU DQRV RX DWp SRU WRGD D YLGD $
FDSDFLGDGHGHDUPD]HQDPHQWRGDPHPyULDGHORQJRSUD]RpHQRUPHEHPPDLRUGRTXHDGDPHPyULD
GHFXUWRSUD]R
$VPHPyULDVGHORQJRSUD]RSRGHPVHUGLYLGLGDVHPH[SOtFLWDVRXGHFODUDWLYDVHLPSOtFLWDVRX
QmRGHFODUDWLYDV

Ŷ Memória explícita
$VPHPyULDVH[SOtFLWDVUHSUHVHQWDPLQIRUPDo}HVVREUHRTXHpRPXQGRLQIRUPDo}HVHVVDVTXH
VmR DFHVVtYHLV j FRQVFLrQFLD SRGHP VHU HYRFDGDV YROXQWDULDPHQWH H SRGHP VHU H[SUHVVDV HP
SDODYUDV
$PHPyULDH[SOtFLWDVXEGLYLGHVHHPPHPyULDHSLVyGLFDHPHPyULDVHPkQWLFD
Ŷ Memória episódica
$ PHPyULD HSLVyGLFD p XPD PHPyULD H[SOtFLWD TXH VH UHIHUH D HYHQWRV DXWRELRJUiILFRV D
YLYrQFLDVSHVVRDLVGRLQGLYtGXRTXHHVWmRYLQFXODGDVDGHWHUPLQDGRORFDOHRFDVLmR3RUH[HPSOR
³2QWHPIXLDRFLQHPDFRPPLQKDQDPRUDGD´

Ŷ Memória semântica
$ PHPyULD VHPkQWLFD p XPD PHPyULD H[SOtFLWD TXH VH UHIHUH D FRQKHFLPHQWRV IDFWXDLV
FRPSDUWLOKiYHLV FRP DV RXWUDV SHVVRDV 3RU H[HPSOR ³$ 6HJXQGD *XHUUD 0XQGLDO FRPHoRX HP
´³$UDL]TXDGUDGDGHp´³/RYHVLJQLILFDDPRUHPLQJOrV´

Ŷ Memória implícita
$ PHPyULD LPSOtFLWD UHIHUHVH DR DSUHQGL]DGR GH FRPR ID]HU DV FRLVDV ([SUHVVDVH QXPD
PHOKRUD GH GHVHPSHQKR HP XPD GHWHUPLQDGD DWLYLGDGH TXH VH Gi HP IXQomR GH H[SHULrQFLDV
SUpYLDVeXPWLSRGHPHPyULDDXWRPiWLFDHUHIOH[DTXHQmRSRGHVHUH[SUHVVDHPSDODYUDVHTXH
LQGHSHQGHGDUHFXSHUDomRFRQVFLHQWHGDVH[SHULrQFLDVTXHSURGX]LUDPRDSUHQGL]DGR
+i YiULRV WLSRV GH PHPyULD LPSOtFLWD PHPyULD GH SURFHGLPHQWR FRQGLFLRQDPHQWR FOiVVLFR
FRQGLFLRQDPHQWRRSHUDQWHDSUHQGL]DJHPQmRDVVRFLDWLYDHSUpDWLYDomR
0HPyULDVLPSOtFLWDVSRGHPUHVXOWDUGDUHSHWLomRGHPHPyULDVH[SOtFLWDV3RUH[HPSORGLULJLUXP
DXWRPyYHO H[LJH TXDQGR VH HVWi DSUHQGHQGR TXH VH VLJDP LQVWUXo}HV TXH VmR UHFRUGDGDV
FRQVFLHQWHPHQWHWRUQDQGRVHGHSRLVXPSURFHGLPHQWRDXWRPiWLFR

Ŷ Memória de procedimento
$ PHPyULD GH SURFHGLPHQWR UHIHUHVH D SUiWLFDV H KDELOLGDGHV PRWRUDV DQGDU GH ELFLFOHWD
DPDUUDURVDSDWRWRFDU SLDQRHVFUHYHUSHUFHSWLYDVPRQWDUTXHEUDFDEHoDV GHVFREULU D VROXomR
GHODELULQWRVJUiILFRVOHUHFRJQLWLYDVXVDUHFRPSUHHQGHUUHJUDVJUDPDWLFDLV
Ŷ Condicionamento clássico
2 FRQGLFLRQDPHQWR FOiVVLFR p XP FRQFHLWR GHVHQYROYLGR SRU 3DYORY 7HP FRPR EDVH R
SDUHDPHQWR GH GRLV HVWtPXORV R HVWtPXOR LQFRQGLFLRQDGR (, TXH p IRUWH H QDWXUDOPHQWH EDVWDQWH
HILFD] QD SURGXomR GH GHWHUPLQDGD UHVSRVWD QR DQLPDO ± SRU H[HPSOR R DOLPHQWR TXH FDXVD D
VDOLYDomR±HRHVWtPXOR FRQGLFLRQDGR(& TXHpIUDFRRX QHXWUR H LQHILFD]TXDQWRDSURGX]LUD
PHVPDUHVSRVWD±SRUH[HPSORXPDFDPSDLQKD6HDFDPSDLQKDpDSUHVHQWDGDUHSHWLGDVYH]HVDQWHV
GR DOLPHQWR HOD PHVPR QD DXVrQFLD GHVWH WRUQDVH FDSD] GH SURYRFDU D VDOLYDomR QR DQLPDO
UHVSRVWDFRQGLFLRQDGD
2 TXH DFRQWHFHX IRL TXH R (& VH WRUQRX XP VLQDO DQWHFLSDWyULR HP UHODomR DR (, 2
FRQGLFLRQDPHQWRFOiVVLFRSHUPLWHDRDQLPDOID]HUSUHYLV}HVVREUHHYHQWRVQRVHXDPELHQWH
8P GHWHUPLQDGR SDGUmR GH UHVSRVWD HPRFLRQDO H[SUHVVD FRPSRUWDPHQWDO RX ILVLFDPHQWH SRGH
VHUDSUHQGLGRDWUDYpVGHFRQGLFLRQDPHQWRFOiVVLFRHDVVLPVHUSURYRFDGRSRUXPHVWtPXORQHXWUR
3RU H[HPSOR XPD SHVVRD TXH VRIUHX XP JUDYH DFLGHQWH GH FDUUR VLWXDomR WUDXPiWLFD H QDTXHOH
PRPHQWRHVWDYDRXYLQGRQRUiGLRXPDP~VLFDDJUDGiYHOSRGHSDVVDUDVHVHQWLUDQVLRVDWRGDYH]
TXHYROWDUDRXYLUDP~VLFDPHVPRTXHQmRDDVVRFLHFRQVFLHQWHPHQWHFRPRDFLGHQWH

Ŷ Condicionamento operante
2 FRQFHLWR GH FRQGLFLRQDPHQWR RSHUDQWH IRL HODERUDGR SRU 6NLQQHU H WHP VXDV UDt]HV QD OHL GR
HIHLWR GHVHQYROYLGR SRU 7KRUQGLNH 2 SULQFtSLR EiVLFR GHVWD IRUPD GH DSUHQGL]DJHP p D
FRQVHTXrQFLD TXH XPD UHVSRVWD SURGX] QR DPELHQWH 2 UHIRUoR OHYD D XP DXPHQWR GD UHVSRVWD
HQTXDQWRDSXQLomRFDXVDXPDUHGXomRGDPHVPD2UHIRUoRHDSXQLomRVmRFKDPDGRVGHSRVLWLYRV
TXDQGRDUHVSRVWDpVHJXLGDGDDSUHVHQWDomRGHXPHVWtPXORHVmRFKDPDGRVGHQHJDWLYRVTXDQGR
DSyVDUHVSRVWDKiDUHWLUDGDGHXPHVWtPXOR

Ŷ Aprendizagem não associativa

'LIHUHQWHPHQWHGRFRQGLFLRQDPHQWRFOiVVLFRQDDSUHQGL]DJHPQmRDVVRFLDWLYDRDQLPDOpH[SRVWR
DVRPHQWHXPHVWtPXORKDELWXDomRRXDGRLVHVWtPXORVTXHQmRJXDUGDPTXDOTXHUUHODomRHQWUHVL
VHQVLELOL]DomR
$KDELWXDomRpDIRUPDPDLVVLPSOHVGHDSUHQGL]DJHP&RQVLVWHQXPDSURJUHVVLYDGLPLQXLomRGD
UHVSRVWD D HVWtPXORV LQyFXRV UHSHWLWLYRV 4XDQGR XP HVWtPXOR p QRYR HOH SURGX] XPD UHVSRVWD
LQWHQVDPDVQmRWHQGRTXDOTXHUFRQVHTXrQFLDRDQLPDODSUHQGHDLJQRUiOR3RUH[HPSORQDIHVWD
GH $QR 1RYR QRV DVVXVWDPRV FRP R EDUXOKR GRV SULPHLURV IRJXHWHV PDV ORJR GHSRLV QRV
DFRVWXPDPRVFRPHOHV
$ VHQVLELOL]DomR FRQVLVWH QD LQWHQVLILFDomR GDV UHVSRVWDV D XPD YDULHGDGH GH HVWtPXORV TXH
RFRUUHP DSyV XP HVWtPXOR QRFLYR LQWHQVR 3RU H[HPSOR DSyV UHFHEHU XP EHOLVFmR GRORURVR R
DQLPDODSUHQGHDIRUWDOHFHUVHXVUHIOH[RVGHIHQVLYRVHUHDJLUiGHIRUPDYLJRURVDDRVHUVXEPHWLGRD
XPHVWtPXORLQyFXRFRPRXPDHVWLPXODomRWiWLOPRGHUDGD

Ŷ Pré-ativação
1DSUpDWLYDomRRXIDFLOLWDomRDH[SRVLomRSUpYLDDRHVWtPXORIDYRUHFHRVHXUHFRQKHFLPHQWR
SRVWHULRUDSDUWLUGHIUDJPHQWRVGHOH$OJXPDVYH]HVpSRVVtYHOKDYHUSUpDWLYDomRDSyVXPD~QLFD
H[SRVLomR DR HVWtPXOR $ SUpDWLYDomR UHSUHVHQWD XPD PDLRU IDFLOLGDGH QR UHFRQKHFLPHQWR TXH VH
EDVHLDQDDSDUrQFLDHQDIRUPDGRHVWtPXORHQmRQRVHXVLJQLILFDGRVHPkQWLFR
$ SUpDWLYDomR SRGH VHU GHPRQVWUDGD HP SDFLHQWHV FRP GLVW~UELRV GD PHPyULD H[SOtFLWD
,QLFLDOPHQWH p DSUHVHQWDGD XPD OLVWD GH SDODYUDV LQFRPXQV (P VHJXLGD RV SDFLHQWHV UHDOL]DP XP
WHVWHFRPSDODYUDVLQFRPSOHWDVHPTXHHOHVWrPTXHFRPSOHWDUDVOHWUDVTXHHVWmRIDOWDQGRFRPRQR
MRJR GD IRUFD 2 GHVHPSHQKR p PHOKRU HP UHODomR D SDODYUDV TXH HVWDYDP QD OLVWD GR TXH HP
UHODomRDRXWUDVSDODYUDVPHVPRHOHVQmRVHOHPEUDQGRFRQVFLHQWHPHQWHGDTXHODV

Ŷ ALTERAÇÕES QUANTITATIVAS

Ŷ Definições
2V WHUPRV DPQpVLD KLSRPQpVLD H KLSHUPQpVLD VLJQLILFDP DEROLomR GLPLQXLomR H DXPHQWR GD
FDSDFLGDGHPQrPLFDUHVSHFWLYDPHQWH

Ŷ Classificação
$VDOWHUDo}HVTXDQWLWDWLYDVGDPHPyULDSRGHPVHUFODVVLILFDGDVGHGXDVIRUPDV

‡ TXDQWR DR WHPSR HP TXH SHUWHQFHP DV OHPEUDQoDV HP DQWHUyJUDGDV UHWUyJUDGDV H
UHWURDQWHUyJUDGDVFODVVLILFDomRSURSRVWDSRU6ROLHUHP
‡ HTXDQWRjH[WHQVmRHFRQWH~GRGDVUHFRUGDo}HVHPJHQHUDOL]DGDVODFXQDUHVHVHOHWLYDV

Ŷ Amnésia (hipomnésia) anterógrada

$ DPQpVLD KLSRPQpVLD DQWHUyJUDGD WDPEpP p GHQRPLQDGD DPQpVLD KLSRPQpVLD GH IL[DomR
&RQVLVWH QD LPSRVVLELOLGDGH RX GLILFXOGDGH GH IRUPDU QRYDV OHPEUDQoDV GH ORQJR SUD]R ± GH
DGTXLULUQRYDVLQIRUPDo}HV±DSDUWLUGRPRPHQWRHPTXHRDJHQWHSDWRJrQLFRDWXRXFRPRWDO
3ULPDULDPHQWH RFRUUH QR WUDQVWRUQR DPQpVWLFR H QRV TXDGURV GHPHQFLDLV 2FRUUH DLQGD QRV
TXDGURV GH GHOLULXP H HVWDGRV FUHSXVFXODUHV HP IXQomR GH HVWDUHP SUHMXGLFDGDV D DWHQomR H D
DSUHHQVmRGDUHDOLGDGHDSHUFHSomRQRVHVWDGRVGHDQVLHGDGHHGHDJLWDomRSVLFRPRWRUDLQFOXLQGR
DPDQLDTXHHVWmRUHODFLRQDGRVDXPDGLPLQXLomRQDFDSDFLGDGHGHFRQFHQWUDomRQDPDLRULDGRV
SDFLHQWHVFRPUHWDUGRPHQWDOJUDYHHPYLUWXGHGHXPDOHVmRFHUHEUDOTXHHPJHUDOHVWiSUHVHQWHH
GH XPD GLILFXOGDGH GH DSHUFHSomR H QD GHSUHVVmR JUDoDV DR SUHMXt]R QD DWHQomR SURYRFDGR SHOR
GHVLQWHUHVVH1RVEODFNRXWVRXSDOLPSVHVWRVTXHVmRODFXQDVGHPHPyULDUHIHUHQWHVDHSLVyGLRVGH
HPEULDJXH]DOFRyOLFDRGLVW~UELRVHGiQDIL[DomR
,QGLYtGXRVFRPKLSRPQpVLDDQWHUyJUDGDIUHTXHQWHPHQWHSHUGHPREMHWRVSRLVQmRVDEHPRQGHRV
FRORFDUDPQmRFRQVHJXHPJXDUGDUUHFDGRVTXHGHYHULDPWUDQVPLWLUHVTXHFHPVHGRVQRPHVHGDV
IDFHV GH SHVVRDV TXH DFDEDUDP GH FRQKHFHU SHUGHPVH QD UXD SRLV QmR VH OHPEUDP SRU RQGH
SDVVDUDPDQWHVGHFKHJDUDOLHWrPGLILFXOGDGHHPUHJLVWUDUDGDWDFRUUHQWH

Ŷ Amnésia (hipomnésia) retrógrada

$ DPQpVLD KLSRPQpVLD UHWUyJUDGD WDPEpP p FRQKHFLGD FRPR DPQpVLD KLSRPQpVLD GH
HYRFDomR5HIHUHVHjLPSRVVLELOLGDGHRXGLILFXOGDGHGHUHFRUGDUHYHQWRVDQWHULRUHVjDWXDomRGR
IDWRU FDXVDO GR GLVW~UELR PQrPLFR QmR VH FRQVHJXH UHFXSHUDU PHPyULDV GH ORQJR SUD]R DV TXDLV
WLQKDPVLGRDGHTXDGDPHQWHIL[DGDV
$DPQpVLDUHWUyJUDGDDIHWDPDLVDUHFRUGDomRGHHYHQWRVUHFHQWHVGRTXHGHUHPRWRV8PDIRUPD
SXUD GH DPQpVLD UHWUyJUDGD LVWR p QmR DVVRFLDGD D DPQpVLD DQWHUyJUDGD p UDUD 2FRUUH
SULQFLSDOPHQWH HP TXDGURV GLVVRFLDWLYRV KLVWpULFRV VHQGR HQFRQWUDGD DLQGD HP WUDXPDWLVPRV
FUDQLRHQFHIiOLFRVQDLQWR[LFDomRSRUPRQy[LGRGHFDUERQRHHPOHV}HVWDOkPLFDV

Ŷ Amnésia (hipomnésia) retroanterógrada

$DPQpVLDKLSRPQpVLDUHWURDQWHUyJUDGDWDPEpPpGHQRPLQDGDPLVWDRXGHIL[DomRHYRFDomRe
DIRUPDPDLVFRPXPeFDUDFWHUtVWLFDGRVTXDGURVGHPHQFLDLVHGRGHOLULXPSRGHQGRRFRUUHUDLQGD
DSyVXPWUDXPDWLVPRFUDQLRHQFHIiOLFRRXXPDDSOLFDomRGHHOHWURFRQYXOVRWHUDSLD

Ŷ Amnésia (hipomnésia) generalizada

1D DPQpVLD KLSRPQpVLD JHQHUDOL]DGD HVWmR DIHWDGDV WRGDV DV UHFRUGDo}HV GH JUDQGH SDUWH GR
SDVVDGR FRPSUHHQGHQGR RV ~OWLPRV PHVHV RX DQRV RX PHVPR D YLGD LQWHLUD 7UDWDVH GH XP WLSR
SRXFRIUHTXHQWHGHGLVW~UELRPQrPLFR
$ DPQpVLD KLSRPQpVLD JHQHUDOL]DGD SRGH RFRUUHU HP VHJXLGD D XP JUDYH WUDXPDWLVPR
FUDQLRHQFHIiOLFRQXPDIDVHWHUPLQDOGHGHPrQFLDHHPWUDQVWRUQRVGLVVRFLDWLYRVKLVWpULFRVFRPRD
IXJDSVLFRJrQLFD
Ŷ Amnésia (hipomnésia) lacunar
$DPQpVLDKLSRPQpVLDODFXQDUWDPEpPpFKDPDGDORFDOL]DGD$TXLDIDOKDGHPHPyULDDEUDQJH
HVSHFLILFDPHQWH GHWHUPLQDGR HVSDoR GH WHPSR GH OLPLWHV UHODWLYDPHQWH SUHFLVRV GXUDQWH R TXDO
KRXYH XP SUHMXt]R QD FDSDFLGDGH GH IL[DomR 7RGRV RV HYHQWRV DQWHULRUHV H SRVWHULRUHV D HVVH
SHUtRGRIRUDPQRUPDOPHQWHIL[DGRVHVmRQRUPDOPHQWHHYRFDGRV
2FRUUHSRVWHULRUPHQWHDXPHVWDGRGHFRPDFRPRQDVFULVHVFRQYXOVLYDVGRWLSRJUDQGHPDORX
GH GHOLULXP D HVWDGRV FUHSXVFXODUHV HSLOpSWLFRV H KLVWpULFRV JUDYHV DJLWDo}HV PDQtDFDV RX
SVLFyWLFDVXPDWDTXHGHSkQLFRRXXPHYHQWRSVLFROyJLFRWUDXPiWLFR

Ŷ Amnésia (hipomnésia) seletiva

$DPQpVLDKLSRPQpVLDVHOHWLYDWDPEpPpFKDPDGDGHVLVWHPiWLFD$TXLRTXHDVOHPEUDQoDVWrP
HPFRPXPpRVHXFRQWH~GRHVLJQLILFDGRDIHWLYReREVHUYDGDHPTXDGURVGLVVRFLDWLYRVKLVWpULFRV
FRPRDDPQpVLDSVLFRJrQLFD
8P H[HPSOR GH DPQpVLD VHOHWLYD TXH WDPEpP VHUYH SDUD FDUDFWHUL]DU XPD DPQpVLD UHWUyJUDGD
SXUDVHULDRVHJXLQWHXPDPRoDEULJDFRPRQDPRUDGRHGHSRLVGLVVRTXDQGRRUHHQFRQWUDQmRp
PDLVFDSD]GHUHFRQKHFrOR$OpPGLVVRQmRFRQVHJXHVHOHPEUDUGHQHQKXPHYHQWRHPTXHRVGRLV
HVWLYHUDPMXQWRV

Ŷ Hipermnésia anterógrada
$KLSHUPQpVLDDQWHUyJUDGDGHIL[DomRWDPEpPpFKDPDGDGHKLSHUWURILDGHPHPyULD&RQVLVWH
QXPDFDSDFLGDGHH[DJHUDGDGHDUPD]HQDPHQWRGHQRYDVLQIRUPDo}HV*HUDOPHQWHHVWiUHVWULWDDXPD
KDELOLGDGHHVSHFtILFDPHPRUL]DUXPDJUDQGHTXDQWLGDGHGHQ~PHURVRXQRPHVUHSURGX]LUQDtQWHJUD
XPD P~VLFD RX XP WH[WR H[WHQVR DSyV WHUHP VLGR RXYLGRV XPD ~QLFD YH] RX HIHWXDU FiOFXORV
PDWHPiWLFRVPXLWRFRPSOH[RV
3RGHRFRUUHUHPSHVVRDVQRUPDLVSRUpPpPDLVIUHTXHQWHHPLQGLYtGXRVFRPUHWDUGRPHQWDOH
PDLVDLQGD HPDXWLVWDV ±HQWUHRVTXDLV D PDLRULD DSUHVHQWDWDPEpPUHWDUGRPHQWDO $ DVVRFLDomR
HQWUH R EDL[R QtYHO LQWHOHFWLYR H D KLSHUPQpVLD REVHUYDGD QHVVHV LQGLYtGXRV RULJLQRX D H[SUHVVmR
LGLRWDViELRLGLRWVDYDQWFULDGDSRU-/DQJGRQ'RZQHP$PHPRUL]DomRVHGiGHIRUPD
PHFkQLFD HP JHUDO VHP TXH KDMD XPD FRPSUHHQVmR GR VLJQLILFDGR GR TXH HVWi VHQGR IL[DGR 2
SUySULR'RZQUHODWDRFDVRGHXPLQGLYtGXRTXHDSyVXPD~QLFDOHLWXUDGHXPOLYURHUDFDSD]GH
UHFLWDU GH FRU WRGR R VHX FRQWH~GR -i 2OLYHU 6DFNV  GHVFUHYH D FDSDFLGDGH GH XP UDSD]
DXWLVWD GH GHVHQKDU FRP LQFUtYHO SUHFLVmR H ULTXH]D GH GHWDOKHV SUpGLRV H OXJDUHV TXH WLQKD
REVHUYDGRDSHQDVUDSLGDPHQWHDQRVDQWHV
Ŷ Hipermnésia retrógrada
$KLSHUPQpVLDUHWUyJUDGDGHHYRFDomRSRGHVHUREVHUYDGDQDVtQGURPHPDQtDFDSULPiULDRX
VHFXQGiULD 2FRUUH XP H[FHVVR GH UHFRUGDo}HV QXP EUHYH HVSDoR GH WHPSR (PERUD PDLV
QXPHURVDV DV OHPEUDQoDV HP JHUDO VmR SRXFR FODUDV H SUHFLVDV QmR KDYHQGR FRQWUROH YROXQWiULR
VREUHHODV$OpPGLVVRKiDRPHVPRWHPSRXPDKLSRPQpVLDGHIL[DomR
8PD RXWUD IRUPD GH KLSHUPQpVLD GH HYRFDomR p D PHPyULD SDQRUkPLFD ± RX HFPQpVLD FRPR
TXHUHPDOJXQVDXWRUHV±REVHUYDGDHPSHVVRDVTXHHVWmRQDLPLQrQFLDGHPRUUHU'XUDQWHVHJXQGRV
RX SRXFRV PLQXWRV SDVVDP SHOD PHQWH GR LQGLYtGXR VXD YLGD LQWHLUD RX RV DFRQWHFLPHQWRV PDLV
LPSRUWDQWHVFRPRVHIRVVHXPILOPHSURMHWDGRFRPHQRUPHYHORFLGDGH
8PD WHUFHLUD IRUPD GH KLSHUPQpVLD GH HYRFDomR SRGH VHU HQFRQWUDGD HP HVWDGRV FUHSXVFXODUHV
HSLOpSWLFRV H KLVWpULFRV QR WUDQVH KLSQyWLFR QR VRQKR QR GHOLULXP H QD LQWR[LFDomR SRU
DOXFLQyJHQRV &RQVLVWH HP XP V~ELWR UHVVXUJLPHQWR GH UHFRUGDo}HV TXH HVWDYDP DSDUHQWHPHQWH
HVTXHFLGDV RX HQWmR HP XPD DOWHUDomR WUDQVLWyULD HP TXH FHUWRV HYHQWRV DXWRELRJUiILFRV VmR
UHFRUGDGRVGHIRUPDPDLVYtYLGDGHWDOKDGDHH[DWDGRTXHRKDELWXDO/HPH/RSHVXVRXR
WHUPRDFURPQpVLDSDUDGHVLJQDUHVVHIHQ{PHQR

Ŷ Hipermnésia lacunar
$ KLSHUPQpVLD ODFXQDU p REVHUYDGD HP SDFLHQWHV FRP WUDQVWRUQR GH SkQLFR HVSHFLDOPHQWH HP
UHODomRjUHPHPRUDomRGRSULPHLURDWDTXHHQRWUDQVWRUQRGHHVWUHVVHSyVWUDXPiWLFRHPUHODomR
DRHYHQWRWUDXPiWLFR

Ŷ Hipermnésia seletiva
$ KLSHUPQpVLD VHOHWLYD RFRUUH QD GHSUHVVmR TXDQWR D IDWRV GRORURVRV RX TXH GHVSHUWHP R
VHQWLPHQWRGHFXOSDQDPDQLDTXDQWRDVXFHVVRVHUHDOL]Do}HVSHVVRDLVHQRVTXDGURVGHOLUDQWHV
TXDQWRDIDWRVTXHSDUHoDPFRQILUPDURVHXMXt]RSDWROyJLFR

Ŷ ALTERAÇÕES QUALITATIVAS

Ŷ Alomnésia
$DORPQpVLDWDPEpPpFRQKHFLGDFRPRLOXVmRGHPHPyULDSRUVHWUDWDUGHXPDDOWHUDomRDQiORJD
jTXHRFRUUHQDVHQVRSHUFHSomR$TXLDVUHFRUGDo}HVGHXPHYHQWRUHDOVmRGHWXUSDGDVGLVWRUFLGDV
SHORLQGLYtGXRGHIRUPDLQYROXQWiULD
2FRUUHQRGHOLULXPQDGHPrQFLDQRWUDQVWRUQRDPQpVWLFRHQRVHVWDGRVFUHSXVFXODUHVDVVRFLDGD
DDOWHUDo}HVTXDQWLWDWLYDVGDPHPyULDQDPDQLDHQDPHODQFROLDSRULQIOXrQFLDGRDIHWRGRPLQDQWH
HDLQGDQDHVTXL]RIUHQLDHQRWUDQVWRUQRGHOLUDQWHFRPRH[SUHVVmRGRFRQWH~GRGRVGHOtULRV

Ŷ Paramnésia
$SDUDPQpVLDWDPEpPpFRQKHFLGDFRPRDOXFLQDomRGHPHPyULDSRUVHWUDWDUGHXPDDOWHUDomR
DQiORJDjTXHRFRUUHQDVHQVRSHUFHSomR7UDWDVHGDUHFRUGDomRGHDOJRTXHGHIDWRQmRRFRUUHXGH
XPDIDOVDOHPEUDQoDHPERUDSDUDRSDFLHQWHHODVHMDYHUGDGHLUD
3RGHRFRUUHUQDHVTXL]RIUHQLDHPYLUWXGHGDDWLYLGDGHGHOLUDQWH)RLRFDVRGHXPDSDFLHQWHTXH
HPERUD HVWLYHVVH LQWHUQDGD KDYLD YiULRV DQRV UHODWRX TXH QD YpVSHUD WLQKD YROWDGR SDUD FDVD H
PDWDGRPXLWRVEDQGLGRVMiTXHDFUHGLWDYDHODHUDXPDSROLFLDO
1D SVHXGRORJLD IDQWiVWLFD >YHU &DS  ± ,PDJLQDomR@ RFRUUHP PXLWDV SDUDPQpVLDV PDV GHVGH
TXHRLQGLYtGXRSDVVHDDFUHGLWDUQDYHUDFLGDGHGDVSUySULDVPHQWLUDV
$IDEXODomRRXFRQIDEXODomRVHULDXPWLSRHVSHFLDOGHSDUDPQpVLD)DEXODomRpXPWHUPRHP
JHUDO XWLOL]DGR SDUD GHVLJQDU DV DOXFLQDo}HV GH PHPyULD TXH RFRUUHP HP TXDGURV DPQpVWLFRV GH
RULJHPRUJkQLFDFRPRQRWUDQVWRUQRDPQpVWLFRQDGHPrQFLDHQRGHOLULXP)RLXPWHUPRFULDGRSRU
.UDHSHOLQPDVDDOWHUDomRMiKDYLDVLGRGHVFULWDSRU.RUVDNRIIQDVtQGURPHTXHUHFHEHXRVHXQRPH
>YHU DGLDQWH@ 8P H[HPSOR GH IDEXODomR VHULD R GH XP YHOKLQKR LQWHUQDGR Ki YiULRV DQRV HP XP
DVLORTXHFRQWDTXHIRLYLVLWDGRSHORILOKRQDYpVSHUDTXDQGRQDYHUGDGHHVWHQmRDSDUHFHSRUOiKi
PHVHV
%RQKRHIIHU DFUHGLWDYD TXH D IDEXODomR FRQVLVWLD QXP SUHHQFKLPHQWR GH ODFXQDV GH PHPyULD R
SDFLHQWH DR VHU LQGDJDGR VREUH R TXH KDYLD IHLWR QD YpVSHUD SRU H[HPSOR SHUFHEHULD D SUySULD
GLILFXOGDGHFRJQLWLYDHUHVSRQGHULDFRPDVSULPHLUDVLGHLDVTXHOKHYLHVVHPjPHQWHWHQWDQGRDVVLP
HYLWDUXPDVLWXDomRHPEDUDoRVDSDUDVLPHVPR8PDRXWUDH[SOLFDomRSDUDDVIDEXODo}HVpTXHHODV
HVWHMDP SHOR PHQRV HP SDUWH UHODFLRQDGDV D XP GHVORFDPHQWR WHPSRUDO GH HYHQWRV UHDLV R TXH R
SDFLHQWHUHODWDUHDOPHQWHDFRQWHFHXVyTXHQXPSDVVDGRPDLVUHPRWR

Ŷ Déjà vu e jamais vu
1RGpMjYXMiYLVWRRLQGLYtGXRWHPXPDVHQVDomRGHIDPLOLDULGDGHGLDQWHGHXPDVLWXDomRRX
REMHWR LQWHLUDPHQWH QRYD FRPR VH HOH Mi D KRXYHVVH YLYHQFLDGR DQWHULRUPHQWH e PXLWR FRPXP
TXDQGR YDPRV D XP OXJDU SHOD SULPHLUD YH] D VHQVDomR GH TXH HVWLYHPRV Oi DQWHV 1R MDPDLV YX
QXQFDYLVWRRFRUUHRRSRVWRKiXPDDXVrQFLDGDVHQVDomRGHIDPLOLDULGDGHGLDQWHGHXPDVLWXDomR
MiYLYHQFLDGDXPDRXPDLVYH]HVQRSDVVDGR8PH[HPSORVHULDRGHQmRVHUFDSD]GHUHFRQKHFHUD
PmH R SDL RX XP DPLJR tQWLPR 3RGH KDYHU FUtWLFD SRU SDUWH GR SUySULR LQGLYtGXR HP UHODomR D
HVVHV IHQ{PHQRV 2 GpMj YX H R MDPDLV YX SRGHP RFRUUHU QD HSLOHSVLD GR ORER WHPSRUDO QD
HVTXL]RIUHQLDHPVtQGURPHVGHDQVLHGDGHHHPSHVVRDVQRUPDLV
Ŷ Criptomnésia
$FULSWRPQpVLDWHUPRFULDGRSRU6)UHXGFRQVLVWHQXPDIDOKDUHODWLYDDRUHFRQKHFLPHQWRFRPR
SUHWpULWR5HFRUGDo}HVYROWDPjPHQWHGRLQGLYtGXRPDVQmRVmRUHFRQKHFLGDVFRPRWDLVSDUHFHQGR
D HOH LGHLDV QRYDV FULDo}HV RULJLQDLV VXDV e R PHFDQLVPR GRV FDVRV GH SOiJLR LQYROXQWiULR 2
SUySULR )UHXG UHFRQKHFHX TXH KDYLD LQFRQVFLHQWHPHQWH WRPDGR SDUD VL D DXWRULD GH XPD KLSyWHVH
SVLFDQDOtWLFD UHODWLYD j ELVVH[XDOLGDGH KXPDQD TXH VHX HQWmR DPLJR )OLHVV OKH FRPXQLFDUD DOJXP
WHPSRDQWHV

Ŷ Ecmnésia
$HFPQpVLDWHUPRFULDGRSRU3LWUHVUHSUHVHQWDWDPEpPXPGLVW~UELRTXDQWRDRUHFRQKHFLPHQWR
FRPR SUHWpULWR 7UDWDVH GH XPD SUHVHQWLILFDomR GR SDVVDGR D UHFRUGDomR p WmR LQWHQVD TXDVH
DOXFLQDWyULD TXH R SDFLHQWH VH FRPSRUWD FRPR VH R HYHQWR SUHWpULWR HVWLYHVVH RFRUUHQGR QDTXHOH
PRPHQWRFRPRVHHOHHVWLYHVVHYLYHQGRHPXPDpSRFDDQWHULRUGHVXDYLGD
2FRUUH HP HVWDGRV FUHSXVFXODUHV KLVWpULFRV H HSLOpSWLFRV HP HVWDGRV GH REQXELODomR RQLURLGH
FRPRQRGHOLULXPRFXSDFLRQDOQDLQWR[LFDomRSRUDOXFLQyJHQRVHQDGHPrQFLD
8PH[HPSORGHHFPQpVLDGHQDWXUH]DGLVVRFLDWLYDIRLRGHXPDVHQKRUDGHPDLVGHDQRVTXH
DSyVDPRUWHV~ELWDGRPDULGRSDVVRXDDJLUFRPRFULDQoDEULQFDYDRGLDLQWHLURHILFDYDFKDPDQGR
SHORVSDLVIDOHFLGRVKDYLDPXLWRWHPSR

Ŷ O EXAME DA MEMÓRIA

Ŷ Entrevista psiquiátrica
(PXPVLPSOHVGLiORJRFRPRSDFLHQWHHQDFROHWDGRVGDGRVGDDQDPQHVHMipSRVVtYHOWHUXPD
HVWLPDWLYD UD]RiYHO VREUH D VXD PHPyULD HVSHFLDOPHQWH TXDQWR D VXD FDSDFLGDGH GH HYRFDomR
2EVHUYDVHVHHOHpFDSD]GHSUHFLVDURVGHWDOKHVGRVIDWRVQDUUDGRVHRUGHQiORVFURQRORJLFDPHQWH

Ŷ Observação de como o paciente lida com as questões

do dia a dia
,QGLFDP XP GpILFLW PQrPLFR D SHUGD IUHTXHQWH GH REMHWRV D UHSHWLomR VHP FUtWLFD GDV PHVPDV
LGHLDVQRVGLiORJRVFRPDVRXWUDVSHVVRDVDGLILFXOGDGHGHORFDOL]DURSUySULROHLWRQDHQIHUPDULD
RX GH JXDUGDU R QRPH GR PpGLFR QR FDVR GR SDFLHQWH LQWHUQDGR D GHVRULHQWDomR QR WHPSR H QR
HVSDoRHRIDOVRUHFRQKHFLPHQWRGHSHVVRDV
Ŷ Testagem da memória de fixação
6mR DSUHVHQWDGRV DR SDFLHQWH YHUEDO RX YLVXDOPHQWH XPD VpULH GH GtJLWRV SDODYUDV RX VtODEDV
GHVFRQH[DVTXHGHYHPVHUUHSHWLGRVGHLPHGLDWRHGHQRYRVHJXQGRVRXPLQXWRVGHSRLV(QWUHD
SULPHLUD H D VHJXQGD UHSHWLomR SRGH VHU LQWURGX]LGD XPD DWLYLGDGH LQWHUIHUHQWH VROLFLWDU TXH HOH
PHPRUL]H XPD VHJXQGD VpULH RX TXH UHDOL]H XP WHVWH GH FRQFHQWUDomR ± R TXH DIDVWD D LQIRUPDomR
LQLFLDOGDPHPyULDGHWUDEDOKR

‡ 7HVWHGHHQXPHUDomRGHREMHWRV6mRPRVWUDGRVDRSDFLHQWHGHVHQKRVGHREMHWRVGXUDQWH
VHJXQGRVDOJXPWHPSRGHSRLVSHGHVHTXHHOHFLWHRVREMHWRVTXHYLX
‡ 7HVWHGHPHPyULDOyJLFD&RQWDVHXPDSHTXHQDKLVWyULDFRPFHUFDGHLWHQVRXQ~FOHRV
OyJLFRV DR H[DPLQDQGR TXH PDLV WDUGH GHYH UHSHWLOD $R ILQDO FRQWDPVH RV LWHQV
UHFXSHUDGRV

Ŷ Testagem da evocação de dados recentes

6mR IHLWDV SHUJXQWDV FRPR ³4XHP p R SUHVLGHQWH GR %UDVLO"´ ³4XHP p R WpFQLFR GD VHOHomR
EUDVLOHLUDGHIXWHERO"´³2TXHDSDUHFHXQRQRWLFLiULRQRV~OWLPRVGLDV"´³2TXHYRFrFRPHXRQWHP
QRDOPRoR"´

Ŷ Testagem da evocação de dados remotos

6mR IHLWDV SHUJXQWDV UHODWLYDV D LQIRUPDo}HV DXWRELRJUiILFDV FXMDV UHVSRVWDV GHYHP VHU
FRQILUPDGDV SRU DOJXP IDPLOLDU RX SHORV UHJLVWURV GR SURQWXiULR ³4XDLV VmR RV QRPHV GRV VHXV
ILOKRV"´ ³(P TXH GDWD R VHQKRU VH FDVRX"´ ³4XDO HUD R QRPH GD SULPHLUD HVFROD TXH R VHQKRU
IUHTXHQWRX"´
6mR IHLWDV WDPEpP SHUJXQWDV UHODWLYDV D HYHQWRV GH FRQKHFLPHQWR S~EOLFR RX D IDWRV KLVWyULFRV
OHYDQGRVHHPFRQVLGHUDomRRQtYHOHGXFDFLRQDOGRSDFLHQWH³(PTXHDQRR%UDVLOIRLWULFDPSHmR
PXQGLDO GH IXWHERO"´ ³4XHP IRL R SUHVLGHQWH GR %UDVLO TXH VH VXLFLGRX"´ ³4XHP IRL &DUPHP
0LUDQGD"´

Ŷ Validade da interpretação dos testes

1D LQWHUSUHWDomR GRV UHVXOWDGRV GRV WHVWHV GHYHP VHU FRQVLGHUDGRV IDWRUHV FRPR DQVLHGDGH H
GHVLQWHUHVVHTXHSRGHPSUHMXGLFDURGHVHPSHQKRGRSDFLHQWH
Ŷ A MEMÓRIA NOS PRINCIPAIS TRANSTORNOS MENTAIS

Ŷ Mania
1D PDQLD Ki KLSHUPQpVLD GH HYRFDomR DVVRFLDGD D XPD KLSRPQpVLD GH IL[DomR D TXDO HVWi
UHODFLRQDGDDRHVWDGRGHKLSRWHQDFLGDGHHKLSHUPRELOLGDGHGDDWHQomR'RGpILFLWGDDWHQomRSRGHUi
UHVXOWDU D SRVWHULRUL XPD KLSRPQpVLD ODFXQDU UHIHUHQWH DR SHUtRGR GH PDLRU DJLWDomR PDQtDFD
3RGHP RFRUUHU DLQGD DORPQpVLDV FRP DV UHFRUGDo}HV VHQGR GLVWRUFLGDV HP IXQomR GDV LGHLDV
GHOLURLGHVGHJUDQGH]D

Ŷ Depressão
(PIXQomRGRGHVLQWHUHVVHHPUHODomRDRPXQGRH[WHUQRDFDSDFLGDGHGHIL[DomRQDGHSUHVVmR
HVWiUHGX]LGD4XDQGRDLQLELomRSVtTXLFDpPXLWRLQWHQVDKiWDPEpPXPDKLSRPQpVLDGHHYRFDomR
e PDLRU D IDFLOLGDGH SDUD HYRFDU IDWRV UXLQV JHUDGRUHV GH FXOSD XPD KLSHUPQpVLD VHOHWLYD
HQTXDQWR OHPEUDQoDV DJUDGiYHLV WRUQDPVH UDUDV 6mR FRPXQV GLVWRUo}HV GDV UHFRUGDo}HV
DORPQpVLDVQRVHQWLGRGHXPFRQWH~GRGHWULVWH]DUXtQDRXFXOSD

Ŷ Esquizofrenia
1DHVTXL]RIUHQLDpSRVVtYHOVXUJLUXPDKLSRPQpVLDGHIL[DomRHPYLUWXGHGHDSDWLDHGHVLQWHUHVVH
TXDQWR DR PXQGR H[WHUQR RX GHYLGR D XP TXDGUR GH JUDQGH DQVLHGDGH H DJLWDomR +i XPD
KLSHUPQpVLDVHOHWLYDSDUDIDWRVTXHSRVVDPFRQILUPDUVHXVGHOtULRVHXPDKLSRPQpVLDSDUDDTXHOHV
TXH SRVVDP FRQWUDGL]rORV /HPEUDQoDV SRGHP VHU GLVWRUFLGDV RX FULDGDV DORPQpVLDV RX
SDUDPQpVLDVUHVSHFWLYDPHQWHHPFRQVRQkQFLDFRPDWHPiWLFDGHOLUDQWH
7HVWDJHQV QHXURSVLFROyJLFDV PDLV GHWDOKDGDV UHDOL]DGDV HP HVWXGRV UHFHQWHV WrP HYLGHQFLDGR
TXH DOJXQV HVTXL]RIUrQLFRV SRGHP DSUHVHQWDU GLVW~UELRV GH PHPyULD VHPHOKDQWHV DRV HQFRQWUDGRV
QDVGHPrQFLDV

Ŷ Delirium
1R GHOLULXP R SDFLHQWH TXDQWR j DWHQomR HVWi KLSRWHQD] R TXH OHYD D XPD KLSRPQpVLD GH
IL[DomR(PYLUWXGHGLVVRD SRVWHULRUL KDYHUi XPD KLSRPQpVLD ODFXQDU DEUDQJHQGR R SHUtRGR GR
UHEDL[DPHQWR GR QtYHO GH FRQVFLrQFLD 'XUDQWH R TXDGUR FRQIXVLRQDO DV DOWHUDo}HV GD DWHQomR H D
GHVHVWUXWXUDomRGRSHQVDPHQWRHGHWRGDVDVGHPDLVIXQo}HVFRJQLWLYDVLUmRGLILFXOWDUXPDHYRFDomR
DGHTXDGDHRUJDQL]DGDGDVOHPEUDQoDV
Ŷ Demência
1D GHPrQFLD SUHGRPLQD D KLSRPQpVLD GH IL[DomR PDV D PHPyULD GH HYRFDomR WDPEpP HVWi
FRPSURPHWLGD 0XLWR IUHTXHQWHPHQWH R SDFLHQWH QmR WHP FRQVFLrQFLD GR VHX GpILFLW PQrPLFR (P
JHUDO R SUHMXt]R GD PHPyULD GH HYRFDomR p SURJUHVVLYR H VHJXH D OHL GH 5LERW VHQGR DIHWDGD
SULPHLURDUHFXSHUDomRGHHYHQWRVUHFHQWHVHQTXDQWRDGHHYHQWRVPDLVDQWLJRVVHFRQVHUYDGXUDQWH
PDLVDOJXPWHPSR6mRFRPXQVDVDORPQpVLDVHDVSDUDPQpVLDVIDEXODo}HV$PHPyULDH[SOtFLWDp
DPDLVDOWHUDGDSRGHQGRDPHPyULDLPSOtFLWDHVWDUSUHVHUYDGD$PHPyULDHSLVyGLFDFRVWXPDHVWDU
PDLVSUHMXGLFDGDGRTXHDVHPkQWLFD

Ŷ Transtorno amnéstico
$ SULQFLSDO FDXVD GH WUDQVWRUQR DPQpVWLFR p R DOFRROLVPR FU{QLFR 1HVWH FDVR R TXDGUR p
FODVVLFDPHQWH FRQKHFLGR FRPR VtQGURPH GH .RUVDNRII 2XWUDV FDXVDV SRVVtYHLV VmR HSLOHSVLD GR
ORERWHPSRUDOQHRSODVLDVFHUHEUDLVLQIDUWRVFHUHEUDLVORFDOL]DGRVWUDXPDWLVPRVFUDQLRHQFHIiOLFRV
EHQ]RGLD]HStQLFRV H HOHWURFRQYXOVRWHUDSLD 1R WUDQVWRUQR DPQpVWLFR REVHUYDPVH KLSRPQpVLD GH
IL[DomRGHVRULHQWDomRWrPSRURHVSDFLDOHIDEXODomR$VFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVGRVGLVW~UELRVGHPHPyULD
QRWUDQVWRUQRDPQpVWLFRVmRDVPHVPDVREVHUYDGDVQRVTXDGURVGHPHQFLDLV

Ŷ Retardo mental
1R UHWDUGR PHQWDO VH KRXYHU XP LPSRUWDQWH GDQR FHUHEUDO R SUHMXt]R PQrPLFR SRGH VHU
VHPHOKDQWH DR GDV GHPrQFLDV $ GLILFXOGDGH GH DSHUFHSomR FRVWXPD DIHWDU D PHPyULD GH IL[DomR
0XLWtVVLPR UDUDPHQWH LQGLYtGXRV FRP UHWDUGR PHQWDO DSUHVHQWDP XPD KLSHUWURILD GH PHPyULD
KLSHUPQpVLDGHIL[DomR

Ŷ Autismo
3HUWRGHGRVDXWLVWDVDSUHVHQWDPDVFKDPDGDVLOKDVGHKDELOLGDGHVDVTXDLVTXDVHVHPSUH
LQFOXHPXPDPHPyULDGHIL[DomRDFLPDGRQRUPDO

Ŷ Epilepsia
'XUDQWHRVHVWDGRVFUHSXVFXODUHVHSLOpSWLFRVSRGHKDYHUKLSRPQpVLDGHIL[DomRKLSHUPQpVLDGH
HYRFDomRGpMjYXHHFPQpVLD
1D HSLOHSVLD Ki XPD DPQpVLD ODFXQDU UHIHUHQWH DRV SHUtRGRV GHDEROLomR GD FRQVFLrQFLD ± TXH
RFRUUH QDV FULVHV JHQHUDOL]DGDV FRPR D W{QLFRFO{QLFD H D DXVrQFLD VLPSOHV ± H DRV SHUtRGRV GH
HVWUHLWDPHQWRGDFRQVFLrQFLD±QDVFULVHVSDUFLDLVFRPSOH[DV
 $ HSLOHSVLD GR WLSR JUDQGH PDO HVWi UHODFLRQDGD D XPD DPQpVLD ODFXQDU TXH SDUD VHU H[DWR
FRPSUHHQGH R SHUtRGR GD FULVH GR WLSR W{QLFRFO{QLFD TXH FXUVD FRP FRPD R HVWDGR SyVLFWDO
FRQIXVmR PHQWDO H DLQGD RV PLQXWRV DQWHULRUHV j FULVH OXFLGH] 9DL KDYHU DPQpVLD UHIHUHQWH D
HVVHSHUtRGRSUpLFWDOSRUTXHRSURFHVVRFHUHEUDOGDFULVHHSLOpSWLFDYDLGHDOJXPDIRUPDLQWHUIHULU
QDFRQVROLGDomRGDVPHPyULDVDGTXLULGDVUHFHQWHPHQWH(PRXWUDVSDODYUDVQmRWHUiKDYLGRWHPSR
VXILFLHQWHSDUDXPDHILFLHQWHFRQVROLGDomR(PRXWUDVVLWXDo}HVHPTXHKiXPDFRPHWLPHQWRFHUHEUDO
V~ELWRHJHQHUDOL]DGRFRPRQXPWUDXPDWLVPRFUDQLRHQFHIiOLFRRFRUUHRPHVPR

Ŷ Transtornos dissociativos
1DKLVWHULDGLVVRFLDWLYDDVDOWHUDo}HVGHPHPyULDVmRUHYHUVtYHLV$DPQpVLDSRGHVHUVHOHWLYD
ODFXQDURXJHQHUDOL]DGDHPJHUDOpUHWUyJUDGDHPERUDSRVVDVHUUHWURDQWHUyJUDGD3RGHPRFRUUHU
HFPQpVLDVQRVTXDGURVGHVRQDPEXOLVPR
2TXDGURFOtQLFRGDDPQpVLDSVLFRJrQLFDFDUDFWHUL]DVHSHORLQtFLRHILPV~ELWRV2SDFLHQWHHVWi
O~FLGRHWHPFRQVFLrQFLDGHHVWDUDSUHVHQWDQGRXPGLVW~UELRGHPHPyULD$SHVDUGLVVRPRVWUDVH
LQGLIHUHQWH DR VLQWRPD $ WHDWUDOLGDGH p XP DVSHFWR PDUFDQWH QHVVH TXDGUR R TXDO DSUHVHQWD
IUHTXHQWHPHQWHXPDUHODomRWHPSRUDOFRPDERUUHFLPHQWRVHFRQWUDULHGDGHV

Ŷ Transtorno de estresse pós-traumático (TEPT)

2 7(37 FRQVLVWH QXP WUDQVWRUQR GH DQVLHGDGH TXH VXFHGH XP HYHQWR SVLFROyJLFR H[WUHPDPHQWH
WUDXPiWLFR R TXDO XOWUDSDVVD D H[SHULrQFLD KXPDQD XVXDO 3RGH VH FDUDFWHUL]DU HQWUH RXWUDV
DOWHUDo}HV SRU XPD KLSHUPQpVLD UHWUyJUDGD HP UHODomR DR WUDXPD TXH VH H[SUHVVD DWUDYpV GH
SHQVDPHQWRV RX LPDJHQV LQWUXVLYRV RX VRQKRV UHFRUUHQWHV (SLVyGLRV GH IODVKEDFNV GLVVRFLDWLYRV
HFPQpVLDVWDPEpPSRGHPHVWDUSUHVHQWHV&RQWUDULDPHQWHDOJXPDVYH]HVVHREVHUYDXPDDPQpVLD
HPUHODomRDDVSHFWRVLPSRUWDQWHVGRHYHQWRWUDXPiWLFR

Ŷ CONTRIBUIÇÕES DA PSICANÁLISE

Ŷ Repressão (ou recalque)

(P (VWXGRV VREUH D KLVWHULD  %UHXHU  )UHXG DILUPDYDP TXH ³RV KLVWpULFRV VRIUHP
SULQFLSDOPHQWH GH UHPLQLVFrQFLDV´ -i QHVVD pSRFD SUpSVLFDQDOtWLFD DQWHULRU j FRQFHLWXDomR GH
UHSUHVVmR HOHV DFUHGLWDYDP TXH PHPyULDV GH HYHQWRV WUDXPiWLFRV SRGHULDP DIDVWDUVH GD
FRQVFLrQFLDHWRUQDUVHSDWRJrQLFDV
$ UHSUHVVmR FRQVLVWH QXP PHFDQLVPR GH GHIHVD LQFRQVFLHQWH TXH DWXD H[FOXLQGR GD FRQVFLrQFLD
UHSUHVHQWDo}HV SHQVDPHQWRV UHFRUGDo}HV OLJDGDV D XPD SXOVmR GR LG (VVD SXOVmR GH QDWXUH]D
VH[XDO RX DJUHVVLYD p FRQVLGHUDGD SHULJRVD SRUTXH GHVDILD SURLELo}HV GR VXSHUHJR ± DV TXDLV VH
RULJLQDPQDVSURLELo}HVSDUHQWDLVHQDVQRUPDVVRFLDLV8PDFRQGHQDomRSRUSDUWHGRVXSHUHJRH
FRQVHTXHQWH DXWRSXQLomR p R TXH R HJR EXVFD HYLWDU $VVLP XPD OHPEUDQoD UHSULPLGD p XPD
OHPEUDQoDHVTXHFLGDLQFRQVFLHQWH
$ UHSUHVVmR p H[HUFLGD SHOR HJR (VWH UHWLUD GD LGHLD D FDWp[LD YHUEDO ± D OLJDomR D XPD
UHSUHVHQWDomRGHSDODYUD±UHVWDQGRDSHQDVDFDWp[LDGHSXOVmR2TXHpUHSULPLGRGHL[DGHID]HU
SDUWH GR HJR ILFDQGR UHVWULWR DR LG 3DUD PDQWHU D UHSUHVVmR R HJR UHDOL]D XPD FRQWUDFDWp[LD D
HQHUJLD TXH IRL UHWLUDGD D FDWp[LD YHUEDO p GHVORFDGD SDUD XPD RXWUD LGHLD H HVWD p TXH YDL WHU
DFHVVR j FRQVFLrQFLD HP VXEVWLWXLomR j SULPHLUD 8P VLQWRPD SRGH VHU R UHVXOWDGR GHVVD
FRQWUDFDWp[LD
$UHSUHVVmRpRPHFDQLVPRGHGHIHVDPDLVLPSRUWDQWHQDKLVWHULDPDVWDPEpPpHQFRQWUDGDQRV
RXWURVWUDQVWRUQRVQHXUyWLFRVHQRVLQGLYtGXRV QRUPDLV$UHSUHVVmRWDPEpPH[SOLFDULD PXLWRVGRV
HVTXHFLPHQWRVDSDUHQWHPHQWHEDQDLVGRQRVVRGLDDGLDQRPHVGHSHVVRDVFRPSURPLVVRVHWF

Ŷ Amnésia infantil
2IDWRGHQmRFRQVHJXLUPRVQRVOHPEUDUGHTXDVHQDGDGRVSULPHLURVDQRVGHQRVVDVYLGDVVHULD
RUHVXOWDGRGDUHSUHVVmRHPUHODomRjVH[XDOLGDGHLQIDQWLO

Ŷ Lembranças encobridoras
$VOHPEUDQoDVHQFREULGRUDVVmRUHFRUGDo}HVGDLQIkQFLDTXHVHGHVWDFDPSHODHVSHFLDOQLWLGH]H
SHOD DSDUHQWH LQVLJQLILFkQFLD 3DUD )UHXG HVVDV OHPEUDQoDV HQFREULULDP H[SHULrQFLDV RX IDQWDVLDV
VH[XDLVLQIDQWLVUHSULPLGDV
(ODV VmR PXLWR QtWLGDV HP IXQomR GH XPD FRQGHQVDomR YiULDV OHPEUDQoDV VH IXQGHP QXPD Vy
(ODV VmR DSDUHQWHPHQWH VHP LPSRUWkQFLD SRUTXH KRXYH XP GHVORFDPHQWR UHFRUGDVH EHP GH XP
HSLVyGLRSDUDVHHVTXHFHUWRWDOPHQWHGHRXWUR

Ŷ O ego inconsciente
3DUD )UHXG XPD SDUWH GR HJR HPERUD QmR UHSULPLGD MDPDLV WHUi DFHVVR j FRQVFLrQFLD
GLIHUHQWHPHQWH GR HJR SUpFRQVFLHQWH SRUTXH QmR SRGH OLJDUVH D XPD UHSUHVHQWDomR GH SDODYUD
6HJXQGR(ULF.DQGHOHVVDSDUWHGRHJRFRUUHVSRQGHULDDRTXHKRMHFKDPDPRVGHPHPyULD
LPSOtFLWD
Ŷ Fabulação
3DUD 6ROPV  R DEVXUGR H LQFRHUrQFLD GDV IDEXODo}HV HP SDFLHQWHV FRP OHV}HV HP
HVWUXWXUDVGRORERIURQWDOH[SUHVVDPXPDIRUPDGHSHQVDPHQWRGRSURFHVVRSULPiULR3DUDHOHHVVDV
HVWUXWXUDV HVWDULDP UHODFLRQDGDV DR SHQVDPHQWR GR SURFHVVR VHFXQGiULR H j LQLELomR GR SURFHVVR
SULPiULR>YHU&DSVREUHSHQVDPHQWR@

Ŷ CONTRIBUIÇÕES DAS NEUROCIÊNCIAS

Ŷ Engramas
2VHQJUDPDV±WHUPRFULDGRSRU.DUO/DVKOH\QDGpFDGDGH±RXWUDoRVGHPHPyULDVmRDV
PRGLILFDo}HVQRVLVWHPDQHUYRVRTXHUHSUHVHQWDPRDUPD]HQDPHQWRGHLQIRUPDo}HV
2V HQJUDPDV FRQVWLWXHP QRYDV YLDV RX YLDV IDFLOLWDGDV GH WUDQVPLVVmR QHUYRVD DV TXDLV VmR R
UHVXOWDGR GH XPD DWLYLGDGH QHXURQDO SUpYLD 3UDWLFDPHQWH WRGDV DV UHJL}HV GR VLVWHPD QHUYRVR
FHQWUDO SRVVXHP QHXU{QLRV FRP DV SURSULHGDGHV GH SODVWLFLGDGH QHFHVViULDV SDUD D IRUPDomR GH
HQJUDPDV

Ŷ Memória de fixação
2EVHUYRXVH TXH LQGLYtGXRV TXH VRIUHUDP XPD UHPRomR FLU~UJLFD GR ORER WHPSRUDO PHGLDO
DSUHVHQWDYDPXPDDPQpVLDDQWHUyJUDGD3RUWDQWRRKLSRFDPSRHRXWUDV HVWUXWXUDVWHPSRURPHGLDLV
FRPR R FyUWH[ HQWRUULQDO R VXEtFXOR H R FyUWH[ SDUDKLSRFDPSDO R FRPSOH[R KLSRFDPSDO VmR
IXQGDPHQWDLVSDUDDPHPyULDGHIL[DomR

Ŷ Memória de evocação
3DFLHQWHV FRP OHV}HV QR KLSRFDPSR DR ODGR GD DPQpVLD GH IL[DomR WDPEpP DSUHVHQWDP XPD
KLSRPQpVLD GH HYRFDomR 2XWURV FRP OHV}HV QRV Q~FOHRV WDOkPLFRV GRUVRPHGLDLV DSUHVHQWDP
DPQpVLDGHHYRFDomRFRPDFDSDFLGDGHGHIL[DomRSUHVHUYDGD2KLSRFDPSRHRWiODPRDRODGRGR
ORERIURQWDOHVWmRUHODFLRQDGRVjPHPyULDGHHYRFDomR
Ŷ Memória implícita
$ PHPyULD GH SURFHGLPHQWR HVWi UHODFLRQDGD DR FRUSR HVWULDGR HDR JORER SiOLGR JkQJOLRV GD
EDVH R FRQGLFLRQDPHQWR FOiVVLFR j DPtJGDOD UHVSRVWDV HPRFLRQDLV H DR FHUHEHOR UHVSRVWDV
PRWRUDV D DSUHQGL]DJHP QmR DVVRFLDWLYD jV YLDV UHIOH[DV D SUpDWLYDomR DR QHRFyUWH[ FHQWURV
SHUFHSWLYRV ³SUpVHPkQWLFRV´ QR FyUWH[ VHQVRULDO SRVWHULRU H D PHPyULD HPRFLRQDO j DPtJGDOD
TXHDWLYDRVLVWHPDQHUYRVRDXW{QRPR

Ŷ Memória explícita
$PHPyULDH[SOtFLWDHVWiUHODFLRQDGDDRKLSRFDPSRHGHPDLVHVWUXWXUDVGRFRPSOH[RKLSRFDPSDO
HDLQGDDRGLHQFpIDORDRJLURGRFtQJXORHjVUHJL}HVYHQWURPHGLDLVHGRUVRODWHUDLVGRFyUWH[SUp
IURQWDO ,VVR p YiOLGR HVSHFLDOPHQWH SDUD D PHPyULD HSLVyGLFD 3DUHFH TXH R FRQWH[WR HVSDFLDO GD
H[SHULrQFLD UHFRUGDGD p SURYLGR SHOR KLSRFDPSR HQTXDQWR R FRQWH[WR WHPSRUDO p SURYLGR SHOR
FyUWH[ SUpIURQWDO 'LIHUHQWHPHQWH D PHPyULD VHPkQWLFD QmR HVWi UHVWULWD D XPD ~QLFD UHJLmR R
FRQKHFLPHQWRVREUHSRUH[HPSORGHWHUPLQDGRREMHWRHVWiDUPD]HQDGRHPYiULDViUHDVGRQHRFyUWH[
DR PHVPR WHPSR H FDGD iUHD HP IXQomR GH VXD HVSHFLDOL]DomR HVWi UHODFLRQDGD D XP DVSHFWR
GLIHUHQWHGRPHVPRREMHWR$PHPyULDGHWUDEDOKRSRUVXDYH]GHSHQGHGDLQWHJULGDGHGRFyUWH[
SUpIURQWDOHWDOYH]WDPEpPGDGRFHUHEHOR

Ŷ Aprendizagem não associativa

(P QtYHO FHOXODU R TXH VH VDEH D UHVSHLWR GD VHQVLELOL]DomR H GD KDELWXDomR EDVHLDVH
SULQFLSDOPHQWHQRHVWXGRGRPROXVFRPDULQKR$SO\VLDFDOLIRUQLFD
(VWD p D VHTXrQFLD GRV HYHQWRV UHODFLRQDGRV j VHQVLELOL]DomR GH FXUWR SUD]R  QHXU{QLRV
IDFLOLWDGRUHV OLEHUDP VHURWRQLQD QD VLQDSVH FRP D WHUPLQDomR VHQVRULDO SUpVLQiSWLFD  D
VHURWRQLQD DWLYD XPD SURWHtQD IL[DGRUD GH *73  D HQ]LPD DGHQLOFLFODVH p DWLYDGD  Ki
FRQYHUVmRGH$73QRVHJXQGRPHQVDJHLUR$03FQDWHUPLQDomRSUpVLQiSWLFDR$03FDWLYDD
SURWHLQRTXLQDVH $  HVWD OHYD D XP EORTXHLR GRV FDQDLV GH . EORTXHLR GD VDtGD GH . 
SURORQJDPHQWR GR SRWHQFLDO GH DomR QD WHUPLQDomR SUpVLQiSWLFD  PDLRU LQIOX[R GH &D 
PDLRUOLEHUDomRGRQHXURWUDQVPLVVRU
1D KDELWXDomR D VHURWRQLQD Vy p OLEHUDGD SHORV HVWtPXORV LQLFLDLV KDYHQGR XP SURJUHVVLYR
IHFKDPHQWR GRV FDQDLV GH &D GD PHPEUDQD GD WHUPLQDomR SUpVLQiSWLFD R TXH YDL LPSOLFDU XPD
PHQRUOLEHUDomRGRQHXURWUDQVPLVVRU
1RVHVWXGRVFRPD$SO\VLDILFDFODURTXHRVPHFDQLVPRVGDVPHPyULDVGHFXUWRHORQJRSUD]RV
HVWmRLQWLPDPHQWHUHODFLRQDGRVHPDPERVKiDOWHUDo}HVQDFRQH[mRHQWUHRVQHXU{QLRVVHQVRULDLVH
PRWRUHVXPDPDLRUOLEHUDomRGRQHXURWUDQVPLVVRUHRHQYROYLPHQWRGDVHURWRQLQDHGR$03F
$VHQVLELOL]DomRGHORQJRSUD]RGLIHUHQWHPHQWHGDGHFXUWRSUD]RFDUDFWHUL]DVHSRUDOWHUDo}HV
HVWUXWXUDLVRXSHUPDQHQWHVQDVSUySULDVVLQDSVHVHQmRDSHQDVDOWHUDo}HVTXtPLFDVKiDXPHQWRGR
Q~PHUR GH YHVtFXODV TXH DUPD]HQDP RV QHXURWUDQVPLVVRUHV DXPHQWR GR Q~PHUR GH ]RQDV DWLYDV
VtWLRV RQGH RFRUUH D IXVmR GHVVDV YHVtFXODV FRP D PHPEUDQD SUpVLQiSWLFD SDUD D OLEHUDomR GR
QHXURWUDQVPLVVRUHDXPHQWRGRQ~PHURGHWHUPLQDo}HVSUpVLQiSWLFDV
$VHQVLELOL]DomRGHORQJRSUD]RGHSHQGHGHXPLQFUHPHQWRQDVtQWHVHGHQRYDVSURWHtQDVHRXWUDV
PDFURPROpFXODVQHFHVViULDVSDUDRFUHVFLPHQWRGDVFRQH[}HVVLQiSWLFDV2$03FHRXWURVVHJXQGRV
PHQVDJHLURVGHYHPHVWDUHQYROYLGRVQDIRUPDomRGD PHPyULD GHORQJRSUD]R MiTXHVmRSRWHQWHV
DWLYDGRUHVGDVtQWHVHSURWHLFD$LQLELomRGDVtQWHVHGH51$PSRGHEORTXHDUDPHPyULDGHORQJR
SUD]RPDVQmRDGHFXUWRSUD]R

Ŷ Potenciação de longo prazo

(PQtYHOFHOXODUDPHPyULDDVVRFLDWLYDGHSHQGHGDSRWHQFLDomRGHORQJRSUD]R3/3RXORQJ
WHUP SRWHQWLDWLRQ ± /73 (VWD FRQVLVWH QXP DXPHQWR GXUDGRXUR KRUDV GLDV RX PHVHV GRV
SRWHQFLDLVSyVVLQiSWLFRVTXDQGRVHDSOLFDXPDGHVFDUJDEUHYHPDVGHDOWDIUHTXrQFLDGHHVWtPXORV
DXPD[{QLRJOXWDPDWpUJLFR1D3/3DGHVFDUJDSURPRYHDUHPRomRGREORTXHLRSRUSDUWHGR0J
GRVUHFHSWRUHVJOXWDPDWpUJLFRV10'$SHUPLWLQGRDVVLPXPLQIOX[RGH&DDWUDYpVGHVVHVFDQDLV
2 DXPHQWR GD FRQFHQWUDomR GH &D QR QHXU{QLR SyVVLQiSWLFR SURYRFD D DWLYDomR GH HQ]LPDV
SURWHLQRTXLQDVHVTXHIRVIRULODPGLYHUVDVSURWHtQDVLQFOXVLYHRVUHFHSWRUHVGRJOXWDPDWRHLQGX]HP
D 3/3 (P VHJXLGD VHULD OLEHUDGR XP PHQVDJHLUR UHWUyJUDGR TXH LULD DWXDU VREUH DV
SURWHLQRTXLQDVHVGDWHUPLQDomRSUpVLQiSWLFDSURGX]LQGRXPDLQWHQVLILFDomRVXVWHQWDGDGDOLEHUDomR
GRQHXURWUDQVPLVVRUDVVLPSHUSHWXDQGRD3/3
$ 3/3 IRL GHVFULWD SULPHLUR QR KLSRFDPSR H PDLV WDUGH HP PXLWDV RXWUDV UHJL}HV FHUHEUDLV
$FUHGLWDVHTXHD3/3VHMDXPGRVSULQFLSDLVPHFDQLVPRVGDPHPyULDSRUSRGHUVHUjVHPHOKDQoD
GHVWDVLQDSVHHVSHFtILFDDVVRFLDWLYDHGHORQJDGXUDomR

Ŷ Amnésia infantil
1mR WHPRV PHPyULDV H[SOtFLWDV GRV SULPHLURV DQRV GH QRVVDV YLGDV SURYDYHOPHQWH SRUTXH R
KLSRFDPSR QmR VH WRUQD SOHQDPHQWH IXQFLRQDO DWp D LGDGH GH  RX  DQRV $V OHPEUDQoDV PDLV
SUHFRFHV GR VHU KXPDQR VmR SULQFLSDOPHQWH HPRFLRQDLV H YLVXDLV $R FRQWUiULR GR KLSRFDPSR DR
QDVFLPHQWR D DPtJGDOD Mi VH HQFRQWUD EHP GHVHQYROYLGD (VVDV SULPHLUDV OHPEUDQoDV VmR
DUPD]HQDGDVQRKHPLVIpULRQmRGRPLQDQWHQmRSRGHQGRVHUUHFXSHUDGDVYHUEDOPHQWHPDLVWDUGHQD
YLGDDGXOWD
Ŷ Fabulação
$FUHGLWDVH TXH SDUD TXH RFRUUDP IDEXODo}HV GHYH KDYHU WDQWR XPD OHVmR HP HVWUXWXUDV
GLHQFHIiOLFDVRXWHPSRURPHGLDLVTXHSURYRFDXPDDPQpVLDVLJQLILFDWLYDFRPRXPDOHVmRQDUHJLmR
YHQWURPHGLDO GR ORER IURQWDO TXH OHYD D GHVLQLELomR DXVrQFLD GH DXWRPRQLWRUDPHQWR H SHUGD GD
DXWRFUtWLFD

Ŷ Transtorno de estresse pós-traumático (TEPT)

(PVLWXDo}HVGHHVWUHVVHDDPtJGDODPHGHLDDOLEHUDomRGHDGUHQDOLQDQRUDGUHQDOLQDHFRUWLVRO
$DGUHQDOLQDHDQRUDGUHQDOLQDPHOKRUDPDPHPyULDH[SOtFLWDRTXHSRGHULDH[SOLFDURSRUTXrGH
HPDOJXQVFDVRVVHUH[FHSFLRQDOPHQWHQtWLGDDUHPHPRUDomRGHXPHYHQWRWUDXPiWLFR
2 FRUWLVRO DXPHQWD D DWLYLGDGH GD DPtJGDOD PDV GLPLQXL D GR KLSRFDPSR 3UHVXPHVH TXH QR
7(37 QtYHLV PXLWR DOWRV GH FRUWLVRO OHYDULDP D XPD GHVWUXLomR GH FpOXODV KLSRFDPSDLV H D XPD
GLPLQXLomR GR YROXPH GR KLSRFDPSR &RP LVVR QR 7(37 p SRVVtYHO TXH D PHPyULD H[SOtFLWD GR
HYHQWR WUDXPiWLFR VHMD SHUGLGD DR PHVPR WHPSR HP TXH D VXD PHPyULD HPRFLRQDO SHUVLVWLULD SRU
WRGDDYLGD

QUADRO 3

QUADRO 4
1$9HU48$'52QRILQDOGRFDStWXOR
1$9HU48$'52QRILQDOGRFDStWXOR
1$.U\SWyVHPJUHJRVLJQLILFDRFXOWR
1$(FpXPSUHIL[RGHRULJHPJUHJDTXHVLJQLILFDPRYLPHQWRSDUDIRUD
Ŷ INTRODUÇÃO

Ŷ Definição de linguagem
/LQJXDJHPpXPVLVWHPDDWpFHUWRSRQWRDUELWUiULRGHVLJQRV±IRQpWLFRVHJUiILFRVDVSDODYUDV±
TXHIXQFLRQDFRPRXPSURFHVVRLQWHUPHGLiULRHQWUHRSHQVDPHQWRHRPXQGRH[WHUQR

Ŷ As funções da linguagem
$OLQJXDJHPSRVVXLDVVHJXLQWHVILQDOLGDGHVFRPXQLFDomRVRFLDOH[SUHVVmRGHYLYrQFLDVLQWHUQDV
SHQVDPHQWRVVHQWLPHQWRVRUJDQL]DomRGDH[SHULrQFLDVHQVRULDOHGRVSURFHVVRVPHQWDLVWUDGXomR
GRVHVWtPXORVH[WHUQRVLQGLFDomRHGHVFULomRGDVFRLVDVWUDQVPLVVmRGHFRQKHFLPHQWRVHUHJXODomR
GDFRQGXWD

Ŷ Características da linguagem
$ OLQJXDJHP p XPD IRUPD GH FRPXQLFDomR HVSHFLILFDPHQWH KXPDQD $QLPDLV LQIHULRUHV
DSUHVHQWDP IRUPDV GH FRPXQLFDomR H[WUHPDPHQWH HVWHUHRWLSDGDV 0HVPR RXWURV SULPDWDV SRVVXHP
XPDFDSDFLGDGHPXLWROLPLWDGDSDUDRDSUHQGL]DGRGDOLQJXDJHPKXPDQD
$ IDOD p XP SURFHVVR FULDWLYR D SDUWLU GH XP Q~PHUR ILQLWR GH SDODYUDV H UHJUDV JUDPDWLFDLV
SURGX]LPRV XPD LQILQLGDGH GH VHQWHQoDV H VLJQLILFDGRV $ JUDPiWLFD FRQVWLWXLVH GH UHJUDV GH
FRPELQDomR GH IRQHPDV SDUD D IRUPDomR GH SDODYUDV PRUIRORJLD H GH UHJUDV GH FRPELQDomR GH
SDODYUDVSDUDDIRUPDomRGHIUDVHVVLQWD[H
$WUDYpVGDOLQJXDJHPSRGHPRVDEVWUDLUHJHQHUDOL]DURVHOHPHQWRVGDUHDOLGDGH$OLQJXDJHPVH
H[WHULRUL]DDWUDYpVGDIDODHGDHVFULWDXPIHQ{PHQRSVLFRPRWRU
Ŷ Linguagem e pensamento
/LQJXDJHPHSHQVDPHQWRHVWmRLQWLPDPHQWHUHODFLRQDGRVQmRSRGHQGRVHUIDFLOPHQWHVHSDUDGRV
PDV VmR GRLV IHQ{PHQRV GLVWLQWRV 3RGHP RFRUUHU SHUWXUEDo}HV GR SHQVDPHQWR QmR DVVRFLDGDV D
SHUWXUEDo}HVGDIDODHYLFHYHUVD3RGHPH[LVWLUSHQVDPHQWRVVHPOLQJXDJHPFRPRQRVGHYDQHLRV
DVVLPFRPRSDODYUDVQmRDVVRFLDGDVDSHQVDPHQWRVFRPRIUDVHVVHPVHQWLGRXVDGDVSXUDPHQWHSDUD
DLQWHUDomRVRFLDO±SRUH[HPSOR³ROi´³WXGREHP"´
2HVWXGRGDOLQJXDJHPWHPFRPRREMHWRDVSDODYUDVHQTXDQWRRHVWXGRGRSHQVDPHQWRVHUHIHUH
jVLGHLDV$OLQJXDJHPPROGDRSHQVDPHQWRHpIXQGDPHQWDOSDUDDVXDHODERUDomRHH[SUHVVmR6y
FRP D DTXLVLomR GD OLQJXDJHP H D FRQVHTXHQWH XWLOL]DomR GH FRQFHLWRV p TXH VH GHVHQYROYH QD
FULDQoDRSHQVDPHQWRDEVWUDWR

Ŷ Prosódia
$OpP GR FRPSRQHQWH FRJQLWLYR D OLQJXDJHP SRVVXL DLQGD XP FRPSRQHQWH DIHWLYR TXH p D
SURVyGLD(VWDpFRQVWLWXtGDSHODPXVLFDOLGDGHHQWRQDomRHLQIOH[}HVGDIDODDOpPGDJHVWLFXODomR

Ŷ ALTERAÇÕES DA LINGUAGEM
1mRID]SDUWHGDSVLFRSDWRORJLDRHVWXGRGRVGLVW~UELRVUHVWULWRVDRDSDUHOKRIRQDGRULVWRpDV
SHUWXUEDo}HV QR SURFHVVR PHFkQLFR GD IDOD (VWDV QmR LQWHUIHUHP QD FRPSUHHQVmR GD OLQJXDJHP H
SULQFLSDOPHQWH SRGHP RFRUUHU QD DXVrQFLD GH XP WUDQVWRUQR PHQWDO $VVLP QmR HVWXGDUHPRV DV
GLVDUWULDVGLILFXOGDGHPDLVRXPHQRVJHUDOQDDUWLFXODomRGDSDODYUDSUHMXGLFDQGRHVSHFLDOPHQWHD
SURQ~QFLDGHFRQVRDQWHVDVGLVODOLDVGHIRUPDomRRPLVVmRRXVXEVWLWXLomRUHVWULWDDGHWHUPLQDGDV
FRQVRDQWHV DV GLVIHPLDV FRPR D WDUWDPXGH] H DV GLVIRQLDV SHUWXUEDomR GD YR] DWLQJLQGR
SULQFLSDOPHQWHDVYRJDLV
3RU RXWUR ODGR D GLVWLQomR HQWUH GLVW~UELRV RUJkQLFRV H GLVW~UELRV SVtTXLFRV RX IXQFLRQDLV GD
IDOD HQFRQWUDGD HP GLYHUVRV WH[WRV GH SVLFRSDWRORJLD p EDVWDQWH FULWLFiYHO SRU EDVHDUVH QD
SUHVXQomRGDH[LVWrQFLDGHXPDVHSDUDomRPHQWH±FRUSR

Ŷ ALTERAÇÕES QUANTITATIVAS

Ŷ Afasias
2VWHUPRVDIDVLDHGLVIDVLDVmRFRPIUHTXrQFLDXVDGRVGHIRUPDLQWHUFDPELiYHOWRGDYLDPDLV
SUHFLVDPHQWHRSULPHLURVHUHIHUHDXPDSHUGDHRVHJXQGRDXPSUHMXt]RRXGLILFXOGDGHTXDQWRj
OLQJXDJHP
 $VDIDVLDVVmRGLVW~UELRVDGTXLULGRVGDFDSDFLGDGHOLQJXtVWLFD±QDFRPSUHHQVmRRXQDH[SUHVVmR
±TXHRFRUUHPQDDXVrQFLDGHGpILFLWDXGLWLYRRXGHLQFDSDFLGDGHPRWRUDGRyUJmRIRQDGRU(VWmR
UHODFLRQDGDV D OHV}HV FRUWLFDLV ± FDXVDGDV SULQFLSDOPHQWH SRU GLVW~UELRV YDVFXODUHV WXPRUHV H
SURFHVVRVGHJHQHUDWLYRVFRPRDGRHQoDGH$O]KHLPHU
$VDIDVLDVSRGHPVHUFODVVLILFDGDVFRPRPRWRUDH[SUHVVLYDRXGH%URFDVHQVRULDOUHFHSWLYD
RXGH:HUQLFNHGHFRQGXomRJOREDOWUDQVFRUWLFDOHDQ{PLFDVHPkQWLFDDPQpVWLFD

Ŷ Afasia motora
$ DIDVLD PRWRUD FRQVWLWXL XPD DSUD[LD YHUEDO >YHU &DS  ± 3VLFRPRWULFLGDGH@ 2V SDFLHQWHV
FRQVHJXHPXWLOL]DURVP~VFXORVIRQDGRUHVSDUDRXWURVILQVTXHQmRDIDOD
7UDWDVH GH XPD IRUPD GH DIDVLD QmR IOXHQWH 2 GLVFXUVR HPLWLGR FRP JUDQGH GLILFXOGDGH
FDUDFWHUL]DVHSRUIUDVHVFXUWDVRXVLPSOHVPHQWHIUDJPHQWRVGHSDODYUDVHSHODSHUGDGDHVWUXWXUD
JUDPDWLFDODJUDPDWLVPRDXVrQFLDGHDUWLJRVSUHSRVLo}HVFRQMXQo}HVDGYpUELRVGHOXJDUHYHUERV
DX[LOLDUHV$OpPGLVVRRVSDFLHQWHVFRPHWHPHUURVSDUDIiVLFRVOLWHUDLV>YHUDGLDQWH@HKiSHUGDGD
SURVyGLD $ FRPSUHHQVmR GD OLQJXDJHP DVVLP FRPR D FDSDFLGDGH GH QRPHDomR HVWi SUHVHUYDGD
PDVDFDSDFLGDGHGHUHSHWLomRGRTXHRH[DPLQDGRUIDODHVWiFRPSURPHWLGD
$DIDVLDPRWRUDHVWiUHODFLRQDGDDOHV}HVQDUHJLmRSRVWHURLQIHULRUGRORERIURQWDOHVTXHUGRiUHD
GH%URFD

Ŷ Afasia sensorial
$DIDVLDVHQVRULDOFRUUHVSRQGHDXPDDJQRVLDYHUEDO>YHU&DS±6HQVRSHUFHSomR@+iSHUGDGD
FDSDFLGDGH GH FRPSUHHQGHU D OLQJXDJHP H D DXGLomR SRU GHILQLomR QmR HVWi SUHMXGLFDGD e XPD
DIDVLD IOXHQWH PDV R SDFLHQWH WHP GLILFXOGDGHV HP FRPSUHHQGHU D SUySULD IDOD $V SDODYUDV VmR
SURQXQFLDGDV GH IRUPD GHIHLWXRVD ± Ki SDUDIDVLDV OLWHUDLV H VHPkQWLFDV >YHU DGLDQWH@ ± H D VLQWD[H
SRGHHVWDUEDVWDQWHDOWHUDGDSDUDJUDPDWLVPR$VFDSDFLGDGHVGHUHSHWLomRHGHQRPHDomRWDPEpP
HVWmRFRPSURPHWLGDV
1D DIDVLD VHQVRULDO Ki OHVmR QD UHJLmR SRVWHURVVXSHULRU GR ORER WHPSRUDO HVTXHUGR iUHD GH
:HUQLFNH

Ŷ Afasia de condução
1DDIDVLDGHFRQGXomRKiIOXrQFLDDFRPSUHHQVmRpQRUPDOPDVDFDSDFLGDGHGHUHSHWLomRHD
GH QRPHDomR HVWmR FRPSURPHWLGDV (VVH WLSR GH DIDVLD HVWi UHODFLRQDGR D OHV}HV QR IDVFtFXOR
DUTXHDGRTXHFRQHFWDDiUHDGH:HUQLFNHFRPDGH%URFD
Ŷ Afasia global
1D DIDVLD JOREDO ± UHODFLRQDGD D OHV}HV GDV iUHDV GH %URFD H GH :HUQLFNH ± D H[SUHVVmR D
FRPSUHHQVmRHDUHSHWLomRHVWmRFRPSURPHWLGDV

Ŷ Afasia transcortical
$ SULQFLSDO FDUDFWHUtVWLFD GD DIDVLD WUDQVFRUWLFDO p D SUHVHUYDomR GD FDSDFLGDGH GH UHSHWLomR
7UDWDVH GH XPD DIDVLD QmR IOXHQWH SRGHQGR HVWDU D FDSDFLGDGHGH FRPSUHHQVmR FRPSURPHWLGD RX
QmR

Ŷ Afasia anômica
1DDIDVLDDQ{PLFDKiGLILFXOGDGHHPQRPHDUREMHWRV$H[SUHVVmRDFRPSUHHQVmRHDUHSHWLomR
VmRQRUPDLV

Ŷ Agrafia
$DJUDILDFDUDFWHUL]DVHSHODLQFDSDFLGDGHLVRODGDSDUDHVFUHYHU3RGHWDPEpPHVWDUDVVRFLDGDjV
DIDVLDV

Ŷ Alexia
1D DOH[LD SHUGHVH D FDSDFLGDGH SDUD D OHLWXUD 3RGH RFRUUHU LVRODGDPHQWH RX DVVRFLDGD jV
DIDVLDVHjVDJUDILDV

Ŷ Aprosódia (hipoprosódia)
1DDSURVyGLDRXQDKLSRSURVyGLDKiUHVSHFWLYDPHQWHSHUGDRXGLPLQXLomRGDPRGXODomRDIHWLYD
GD IDOD TXH VH WRUQD PRQRFyUGLFD PRQyWRQD 3RGH KDYHU WDPEpP SHUGD RX GLPLQXLomR GD
FDSDFLGDGH GH FRPSUHHQGHU D SURVyGLD GD IDOD GDV RXWUDV SHVVRDV (VVH GLVW~UELR UHODFLRQDVH D
OHV}HVQRKHPLVIpULRGLUHLWR

Ŷ Hiperprosódia
$KLSHUSURVyGLDFDUDFWHUL]DVHSRUXPDDFHQWXDomRGDLQIOH[mRYHUEDOXPDIDODHQIiWLFDORTXD]
2FRUUHQDPDQLD
Ŷ Mutismo
0XWLVPRVLJQLILFDDXVrQFLDGDIDOD3RGHH[SUHVVDUQHJDWLYLVPRVLOrQFLRGHOLEHUDGRRXLQLELomR
SVtTXLFDQRHVWXSRUHVTXL]RIUrQLFRGHSUHVVLYRKLVWpULFRRXGRGHOLULXP

Ŷ Logorreia
$ ORJRUUHLD RX YHUERUUHLD RX YHUERUUDJLD UHIHUHVH D XPD H[SUHVVmR YHUEDO DXPHQWDGD 2
SDFLHQWH IDOD R WHPSR WRGR H p GLItFLO LQWHUURPSrOR (OD p REVHUYDGD WLSLFDPHQWH QRV HVWDGRV
PDQtDFRV

Ŷ Oligolalia
$ ROLJRODOLD RX ODFRQLVPR UHIHUHVH D XPD H[SUHVVmR YHUEDO GLPLQXtGD PDV QmR DEROLGD
&RQVLVWHQRRSRVWRGDORJRUUHLDeREVHUYDGDQDVPHVPDVVLWXDo}HVHPTXHRPXWLVPRSRGHRFRUUHU

Ŷ Hiperfonia
$KLSHUIRQLDUHSUHVHQWDXPDHOHYDomRGRYROXPHGDYR]LVWRpIDODUH[FHVVLYDPHQWHDOWR

Ŷ Hipofonia
$KLSRIRQLDUHSUHVHQWDXPDUHGXomRGRYROXPHGDYR]LVWRpIDODUH[FHVVLYDPHQWHEDL[RRTXH
jVYH]HVWRUQDLPSRVVtYHOHQWHQGHURTXHVHHVWiGL]HQGR

Ŷ Taquilalia e bradilalia
7DTXLODOLDRXWDTXLIDVLDHEUDGLODOLDRXEUDGLIDVLDUHIHUHPVHUHVSHFWLYDPHQWHDXPDXPHQWR
H D XPD GLPLQXLomR GD YHORFLGDGH GD H[SUHVVmR YHUEDO &RUUHVSRQGHP jV DOWHUDo}HV GR FXUVR GR
SHQVDPHQWR

Ŷ Latência da resposta
$ODWrQFLDGDUHVSRVWDUHIHUHVHDRWHPSRTXHRSDFLHQWHGHPRUDSDUDUHVSRQGHUjVSHUJXQWDVGR
H[DPLQDGRU SRGHQGR HVWDU DXPHQWDGD RX GLPLQXtGD 2 DXPHQWR SRGH H[SUHVVDU XPD LQLELomR
SVtTXLFD FRPR QD GHSUHVVmR QHJDWLYLVPR RX VXVSLFiFLD $ GLPLQXLomR SRGH HVWDU UHODFLRQDGD D
XPDVtQGURPHPDQtDFDRXDDQVLHGDGH
Ŷ ALTERAÇÕES QUALITATIVAS

Ŷ Ecolalia
$ HFRODOLD FRQVLVWH QD UHSHWLomR FRPR XP HFR GD ~OWLPD RX ~OWLPDV SDODYUDV IDODGDV SHOR
HQWUHYLVWDGRU RX RXWUD SHVVRD GR DPELHQWH GLULJLGDV RX QmR DR SDFLHQWH &RUUHVSRQGH QD
OLQJXDJHP DR TXH VmR D HFRPLPLD H D HFRSUD[LD QD SVLFRPRWULFLGDGH 2FRUUH QD VtQGURPH
FDWDW{QLFDQRDXWLVPRHQDGHPrQFLD3RUH[HPSORRH[DPLQDGRUSHUJXQWD³TXDOpRVHXQRPH"´HR
SDFLHQWHUHVSRQGH³TXDOpRVHXQRPH´

Ŷ Palilalia
$ SDOLODOLD FRQVLVWH QD UHSHWLomR LQYROXQWiULD GD ~OWLPD RX ~OWLPDV SDODYUDV TXH R SUySULR
SDFLHQWHIDORX2FRUUHQDGHPrQFLD3RUH[HPSORRH[DPLQDGRUSHUJXQWD³TXDOpRVHXQRPH"´HR
SDFLHQWHUHVSRQGH³HXPHFKDPR-RmR«-RmR´

Ŷ Logoclonia
$ ORJRFORQLD p VHPHOKDQWH j SDOLODOLD Vy TXH D UHSHWLomR p DSHQDV GDV ~OWLPDV VtODEDV e
HQFRQWUDGDWLSLFDPHQWHQDGHPrQFLD3RUH[HPSORRH[DPLQDGRUSHUJXQWD³TXDOpRVHXQRPH"´HR
SDFLHQWHUHVSRQGH³HXPHFKDPR-RmR«mR´

Ŷ Estereotipia verbal
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Ŷ Jargonofasia
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Ŷ Solilóquio
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Ŷ Glossolalia
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Ŷ Maneirismos
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Ŷ Pedolalia
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Ŷ Pararrespostas
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Ŷ Respostas aproximadas
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Ŷ O EXAME DA LINGUAGEM
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Ŷ A LINGUAGEM NOS PRINCIPAIS TRANSTORNOS
MENTAIS

Ŷ Mania
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Ŷ Demência
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Ŷ Transtorno conversivo e transtornos dissociativos

(PTXDGURVFRQYHUVLYRVSRGHKDYHUPXWLVPRRXHQWmRRSDFLHQWHSHUGHDFDSDFLGDGHSDUDDIDOD
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Ŷ CONTRIBUIÇÕES DA PSICANÁLISE
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Ŷ CONTRIBUIÇÕES DAS NEUROCIÊNCIAS

Ŷ Lateralidade da linguagem
$OLQJXDJHPHVWiUHODFLRQDGDDRKHPLVIpULRFHUHEUDOGRPLQDQWHTXHHPGDVSHVVRDVGHVWUDV
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Ŷ Área de Wernicke
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Ŷ Os circuitos neuronais da fala
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Ŷ Estruturas subcorticais
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Ŷ Linguagem e cognição
$ PDLRU SDUWH GDV LQIRUPDo}HV VHQVRULDLV p FRQYHUWLGD HP OLQJXDJHP DQWHV GH VHU DUPD]HQDGD
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Ŷ Uma gramática universal

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Ŷ Prosódia
8PD UHJLmR QR ORER IURQWDO GLUHLWR H RXWUD QR ORER WHPSRUDO WDPEpP GR KHPLVIpULR GLUHLWR
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Ŷ INTRODUÇÃO

Ŷ O pensar
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Ŷ Os atributos intelectivos fundamentais

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Ŷ Atividades fundamentais do pensamento

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Ŷ Modalidades de pensamento
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Ŷ Aspectos do pensamento
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Ŷ ALTERAÇÕES QUANTITATIVAS

Ŷ Aceleração do curso
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Ŷ Ideias obsessivas
1R WUDQVWRUQR REVHVVLYRFRPSXOVLYR Ki XPD UHJUHVVmR SDUD D IDVH DQDOViGLFD VHQGR DVVLP
UHIRUoDGRVRVLPSXOVRVDJUHVVLYRV±UHODFLRQDGRVDRFRQWH~GRGDPDLRULDGDVLGHLDVREVHVVLYDV±R
TXHYDLLQWHQVLILFDUFRQIOLWRVLQWUDSVtTXLFRV+iLQWHQVDDPELYDOrQFLD±DPRUHyGLRHPUHODomRDR
PHVPR REMHWR ± H R SDFLHQWH WHPH GHVWUXLU RV REMHWRV TXH DPD $OpP GLVVR LQWHQVLILFDVH R
SHQVDPHQWR PiJLFR TXH p RQLSRWHQWH ³SHQVDU ID] DFRQWHFHU´ 3RU ILP R VXSHUHJR VH WRUQD PDLV
UtJLGRHSXQLWLYR

Ŷ CONTRIBUIÇÕES DAS NEUROCIÊNCIAS

Ŷ objetos mentais
$VLPDJHQVSHUFHSWLYDVHUHSUHVHQWDWLYDVHRVFRQFHLWRVUHSUHVHQWDPRVREMHWRVPHQWDLV(VWHVVH
LPEULFDPXQVQRVRXWURVIRUPDQGRXPDFRUUHQWHFXMRIOX[RQRWHPSRFRQVWLWXLRSHQVDPHQWR
2V REMHWRV PHQWDLV VmR JHUDGRV SHOD DWLYLGDGH GH XPD SRSXODomR GH QHXU{QLRV ORFDOL]DGRV QR
FyUWH[ DVVRFLDWLYR 6mR SURFHVVDGRV QD PHQWH R TXH SHUPLWH HIHWXDU FiOFXORV H DQWHFLSDU
DFRQWHFLPHQWRV
Ŷ O pensamento
2SHQVDPHQWRpXPSURFHVVRH[HFXWDGRHPSDUDOHORVLPXOWDQHDPHQWHHVHPFRQVFLrQFLDH[FHWR
TXDQGR Ki XPD WUDGXomR SDUD D OLQJXDJHP $ IXQomR FRQVFLHQWH HVWi UHODFLRQDGD DR KHPLVIpULR
GRPLQDQWH(PSDFLHQWHVTXHVRIUHUDPUHPRomRGRFRUSRFDORVRLQIRUPDo}HVTXHFKHJDPDSHQDVDR
KHPLVIpULR QmR GRPLQDQWH VmR UHJLVWUDGDV PDV QmR VH WRUQDP FRQVFLHQWHV 2 SHQVDPHQWR OLGD FRP
FODVVHV JHUDLV H QmR FRP HOHPHQWRV LQGLYLGXDLV GH REMHWRV PHQWDLV R TXH WRUQD LPSRUWDQWH D
FODVVLILFDomRGHVWHVHPFDWHJRULDV
2SHQVDPHQWRSUHFHGHDDomRRTXHVHFRQFOXLDSDUWLUGHHVWXGRVFRPSRWHQFLDLVHYRFDGRVQRV
TXDLV VH UHJLVWUDP SRWHQFLDLV HOpWULFRV QR FyUWH[ FHUHEUDO DQWHV GR LQtFLR GH XP PRYLPHQWR
YROXQWiULR (OH SDUHFH HVWDU UHODFLRQDGR DR FyUWH[ FHUHEUDO DR WiODPR DR VLVWHPD OtPELFR H j
IRUPDomRUHWLFXODUVXSHULRUGRWURQFRFHUHEUDO

Ŷ O córtex pré-frontal
&RPEDVHQDREVHUYDomRGHSDFLHQWHVTXHVRIUHUDPORERWRPLDSUpIURQWDOSRGHVHDILUPDUTXHR
FyUWH[ SUpIURQWDO HVWi UHODFLRQDGR FRP R SODQHMDPHQWR GD DomR SUHYLVmR GDV FRQVHTXrQFLDV GDV
Do}HV PRWRUDV FRQWUROH GR FRPSRUWDPHQWR GH DFRUGR FRP DV QRUPDV PRUDLV UHVROXomR GH
SUREOHPDVFRPSOH[RVHVHOHomRGDUHVSRVWDPRWRUDPDLVDSURSULDGD±HPRGLILFDomRRXLQWHUUXSomR
GDDomRPRWRUD±HPIXQomRGDDYDOLDomRGHLQIRUPDo}HVVHQVRULDLVLQWHURFHSWLYDVHH[WHURFHSWLYDV
2 FyUWH[ SUpIURQWDO WHULD WDPEpP FRPR IXQomR D HODERUDomR GR SHQVDPHQWR R TXH HVWi
UHODFLRQDGRFRPDPHPyULDGHWUDEDOKRRXRSHUDFLRQDO(VWDFRQVLVWHQXPSURFHVVRGHPHPyULDGH
FXUWR SUD]R HP TXH Ki R DUPD]HQDPHQWR WHPSRUiULR GH LQIRUPDo}HV DV TXDLV VmR HYRFDGDV
LQVWDQWDQHDPHQWH j PHGLGD TXH VmR QHFHVViULDV SDUD SHQVDPHQWRV VXEVHTXHQWHV RX SDUD JXLDU XPD
DomR>YHUR&DS±0HPyULD@

Ŷ A área de Wernicke
$ iUHD GH :HUQLFNH H UHJL}HV DGMDFHQWHV VmR UHJL}HV GR KHPLVIpULR GRPLQDQWH UHODFLRQDGDV j
FRPSUHHQVmRGDOLQJXDJHP3DUHFHPVHUPDLVLPSRUWDQWHVSDUDDVIXQo}HVLQWHOHFWXDLVVXSHULRUHVGR
TXHRFyUWH[SUpIURQWDOMiTXHTXDQGRVRIUHPDOJXPDOHVmRKiXPFRPSURPHWLPHQWRPDLRUQHVVDV
IXQo}HVGRTXHTXDQGRRGDQRDIHWDDViUHDVSUpIURQWDLV
Ŷ Transtorno obsessivo-compulsivo (TOC)
272&SDUHFHHVWDUUHODFLRQDGRDXPDKLSRDWLYLGDGHVHURWRQLQpUJLFDMiTXHDVLGHLDVREVHVVLYDV
DSUHVHQWDPXPDERDUHVSRVWDDRVDQWLGHSUHVVLYRVVHURWRQLQpUJLFRV&RPRSDFLHQWHVFRPDVtQGURPH
GH *LOOHV GH OD 7RXUHWWH H FRUHLD GH 6\GHQKDP ± TXDGURV UHODFLRQDGRV D XPD KLSHUDWLYLGDGH
GRSDPLQpUJLFD H D GLVW~UELRV QRV JkQJOLRV GD EDVH ± IUHTXHQWHPHQWH DSUHVHQWDP VLQWRPDV
REVHVVLYRVDFUHGLWDVHTXHR72&SRVVXDXPDHWLRORJLDVHPHOKDQWH
(VWXGRV GH QHXURLPDJHP GH SDFLHQWHV FRP 72& HYLGHQFLDP KLSHUDWLYLGDGH QRV ORERV IURQWDLV
JkQJOLRVGDEDVHQ~FOHRFDXGDGRHJLURGRFtQJXOR

QUADRO 5
1$$DSHUFHSomRDLPDJLQDomRHDLPDJHPUHSUHVHQWDWLYDVmRGLVFXWLGDVHPRXWURVFDStWXORV
1$9HU48$'52QRILQDOGRFDStWXOR
Ŷ INTRODUÇÃO

Ŷ Etimologia
$ SDODYUD GHOLUDU p GHULYDGD GR ODWLP GHOLUDUH GH  IRUD OLURV  VXOFRV TXH VLJQLILFD
OLWHUDOPHQWHODYUDUIRUDGRVXOFR

Ŷ Definição clássica de delírio

'H DFRUGR FRP .DUO -DVSHUV  LGHLDV GHOLUDQWHV RX GHOtULRV VmR MXt]RV SDWRORJLFDPHQWH
IDOVRV TXH SRVVXHP DV VHJXLQWHV FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV H[WHUQDV DFRPSDQKDPVH GH XPD FRQYLFomR
H[WUDRUGLQiULDQmRVmRVXVFHSWtYHLVjLQIOXrQFLDHSRVVXHPXPFRQWH~GRLPSRVVtYHO

Ŷ O delírio como um juízo falso

2 GHOtULR FRQVWLWXL XPD DOWHUDomR UHODFLRQDGD j IRUPDomR GH MXt]RV $WUDYpV GRV MXt]RV
GLVFHUQLPRVDYHUGDGHGR HUUR$WUDYpVGRMXt]RGHUHDOLGDGHGLVWLQJXLPRVRTXHpUHDOGRTXHp
IUXWRGHQRVVDLPDJLQDomR
7RGDYLDQHPWRGRVRVMXt]RVIDOVRVVmRSDWROyJLFRV2HUUR±TXHWDPEpPFRQVWLWXLXPMXt]RIDOVR
± GLVWLQJXHVH GR GHOtULR SRU RULJLQDUVH QD LJQRUkQFLD QR MXOJDPHQWR DSUHVVDGR RX HP SUHPLVVDV
IDOVDVHSRUVHUSDVVtYHOGHFRUUHomRSHORVGDGRVGDUHDOLGDGH
$OpPGLVVRKiMXt]RVTXHVmRFRQVLGHUDGRVGHOLUDQWHVPHVPRQmRVHQGRIDOVRV3RGHVHDILUPDU
TXHXPMXt]RTXHFRLQFLGHFRPDUHDOLGDGHpGHOLUDQWHTXDQGRKiXPDLQFRHUrQFLDHQWUHDFUHQoDHDV
HYLGrQFLDVDSUHVHQWDGDVSDUDMXVWLILFiOD3RUH[HPSORRLQGLYtGXRTXHUHDOPHQWHHVWiVHQGRWUDtGR
GHVFREUHTXHDPXOKHUOKHpLQILHODRRXYLUXPFDFKRUURODWLQGR2XVHMDRMXt]RpYHUGDGHLURPDVR
UDFLRFtQLRIRLSDWROyJLFRFKHJRXVHDRGHVWLQRFRUUHWRSRUXPFDPLQKRHUUDGR
Ŷ A convicção extraordinária e a não susceptibilidade à
influência
2 GHOtULR FDUDFWHUL]DVH SRU XPD FHUWH]D VXEMHWLYD DEVROXWD SRU XPD ILUPH]D LUUHPRYtYHO GD
FRQYLFomRSRUXPDLPSRVVLELOLGDGHGHPRGLILFDomRGLDQWHGRGHVPHQWLUGRVIDWRVRXGDUHIXWDomR
ULJRURVD p LQFRUULJtYHO 1D SUiWLFD FOtQLFD FRQWXGR HP FRQWUDGLomR FRP D GHILQLomR FOiVVLFD
REVHUYDVH TXH D LQWHQVLGDGH GD FUHQoD GHOLUDQWH SRGH IOXWXDU H TXH FHUWRV SDFLHQWHV H[SUHVVDP
G~YLGDHPUHODomRjVXDYHUDFLGDGH

Ŷ A impossibilidade do conteúdo
$ LPSRVVLELOLGDGH GR FRQWH~GR p XP FULWpULR EDVWDQWH FULWLFDGR SRLV FRQVLGHUDVH TXH D PDLRU
SDUWHGRVGHOtULRVWHPXPFRQWH~GRSRVVtYHOHPERUDLPSURYiYHOHHPDOJXQVFDVRVRFRQWH~GRGR
GHOtULRpSRUPHURDFDVRYHUGDGHLUR
2 MXt]R IDOVR p LPSRVVtYHO H LUUDFLRQDO TXDQGR HVWi UHODFLRQDGR D XP HUUR OyJLFR TXDQGR R
UDFLRFtQLRVXEYHUWHRVSULQFtSLRVOyJLFRVWRUQDUH[LVWHQWHRTXHQmRH[LVWHHQmRSRGHH[LVWLU3RU
H[HPSORDFUHGLWDUHVWDUQD7HUUDHQD/XDDRPHVPRWHPSR7UDWDVHGHXPDLPSRVVLELOLGDGHOyJLFD
2 MXt]R IDOVR p LPSRVVtYHO H UDFLRQDO TXDQGR HVWi UHODFLRQDGR D XP HUUR JQRVHROyJLFR ± WRUQDU
H[LVWHQWH R TXH QmR H[LVWH PDV SRGH YLU D H[LVWLU ± H QR UDFLRFtQLR RV SULQFtSLRV OyJLFRV VmR
SUHVHUYDGRV 3RU H[HPSOR DQWHV GH  DILUPDU WHU HVWDGR QD /XD 7UDWDVH GH XPD
LPSRVVLELOLGDGHUHDO
2 MXt]R IDOVR p SRVVtYHO H LPSURYiYHO TXDQGR HVWi UHODFLRQDGR D XP HUUR JQRVHROyJLFR PDV
WDPEpPDXPDSRVVLELOLGDGHUHDOHPERUDSHTXHQDGHVHUYHUGDGHLUR&KDOXE8PH[HPSOR
GH XP GHOtULR FRP HVVDV FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV p R VHJXLQWH 6HQKRUD GH PDLV GH  DQRV PRUDYD VR]LQKD
GHVGHVXDVHSDUDomRFRQMXJDO+DYLDDOJXQVDQRVTXHHODQmRWLQKDPDLVFRQWDWRFRPRH[PDULGR
TXHHVWDYDDJRUDFDVDGRFRPXPDPXOKHUEHPPDLVMRYHPTXHHOD$SDFLHQWHTXDQGRFKHJDYDHP
FDVDGRWUDEDOKRQRWDYDTXHDOJXQVREMHWRVHVWDYDPIRUDGHOXJDU(ODDFUHGLWDYDTXHTXDQGRVDtD
GH FDVD R H[PDULGR HQWUDYD HP VHX DSDUWDPHQWR VHP VHU YLVWR SRU HOD H WLUDYD GH OXJDU WDLV
REMHWRVSDUDTXHHODSHQVDVVHTXHHVWDYDSHUGHQGRDPHPyULDHILFDQGR³PDOXFD´6HJXQGRHODR
SRUWHLUR HVWDYD HQYROYLGR QHVVH SODQR SRLV HOH DYLVDYD D VHX H[PDULGR TXDQGR HOD VDtD DVVLP
FRPRXPFKDYHLURTXHWLQKDIHLWRXPDFySLDGDFKDYHGHVHXDSDUWDPHQWRSDUDRLQYDVRU7DPEpP
ID]LDPSDUWHGDWUDPDRVtQGLFRGRHGLItFLRHGLYHUVDVRXWUDVSHVVRDVWRGRVMXGHXV2REMHWLYRGHOHV
HUD ID]HU FRP TXH HOD ILFDVVH QHUYRVD H GHVHVSHUDGD H DVVLP YHQGHVVH VHX DSDUWDPHQWR SRU XP
EDL[R SUHoR SDUD XP GRV FRQVSLUDGRUHV TXH HQWmR WHULD XP JUDQGH OXFUR ILQDQFHLUR 1HQKXPD GDV
LGHLDVIRUPXODGDVSHODSDFLHQWHHUDDEVXUGDWRGDYLDDVFKDQFHVGHWRGDVHODVWHUHPVLGRYHUGDGHLUDV
HUDPQDSUiWLFDGHVSUH]tYHLV
'HOtULRV EL]DUURV VmR JHUDOPHQWH LPSRVVtYHLV HQTXDQWR GHOtULRV QmR EL]DUURV VmR JHUDOPHQWH
LPSURYiYHLV1RHQWDQWRQDSUiWLFDID]HUHVVDGLVWLQomRQmRpWmRVLPSOHVKDYHQGRXPEDL[RJUDX
GHFRQFRUGkQFLDTXDQGRVHFRPSDUDPDVDYDOLDo}HVGHGLIHUHQWHVSVLTXLDWUDV6HGOHU

Ŷ Outras características do delírio

2 GHOtULR FRQVWLWXL XPD YLYrQFLD LQGLYLGXDO LGLRVVLQFUiWLFD &RP LVVR GLVWLQJXHVH GDV FUHQoDV
FXOWXUDOPHQWH FRPSDUWLOKDGDV FRPR RV GRJPDV UHOLJLRVRV RV TXDLV SRGHP SRVVXLU DV PHVPDV
FDUDFWHUtVWLFDVDSRQWDGDVSRU-DVSHUVHPUHODomRDRGHOtULR
7RGR GHOtULR p GH FHUWD IRUPD DXWRUUHIHUHQWH QR VHQWLGR GH TXH R VHX FRQWH~GR HVWi GLUHWD RX
LQGLUHWDPHQWHUHODFLRQDGRDRHQIHUPR2GHOtULRVHWUDQVIRUPDQRHL[RHPWRUQRGRTXDOSDVVDDJLUDU
DYLGDGRLQGLYtGXR
(P IXQomR GH VXD FRQYLFomR H[WUDRUGLQiULD R GHOLUDQWH QmR VHQWH D QHFHVVLGDGH GH FRPSURYDU
REMHWLYDPHQWHDYHUDFLGDGHGHVHXMXt]RHSRGHQmRDFKDULPSRUWDQWHFRQYHQFHUDVRXWUDVSHVVRDVGH
TXHHVWiFHUWR
0XLWDVYH]HVKiXPDGLVFUHSkQFLDHQWUHRGHOtULRHDFRQGXWDGRSDFLHQWHRXHVWHQmRPXGDHP
QDGD VHX FRPSRUWDPHQWR RX DJH GH IRUPD GLIHUHQWH GR TXH VH HVSHUDULD GH DOJXpP TXH UHDOPHQWH
HVWLYHVVHQDVXDVLWXDomR
'HOtULRVVmRH[SHULPHQWDGRVVXEMHWLYDPHQWHFRPFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVPDLVGHVDEHUGRTXHDFUHGLWDU
6HGOHURTXHWDPEpPRVGLVWLQJXHGDVFUHQoDVUHOLJLRVDV

Ŷ DELÍRIO PRIMÁRIO, DELÍRIO SECUNDÁRIO E IDEIA

SOBREVALORADA

Ŷ Delírio primário
2GHOtULRSULPiULRpDLGHLD GHOLUDQWHDXWrQWLFD(OH p DXWyFWRQHLVWRp QmRGHULYD GHQHQKXPD
RXWUDPDQLIHVWDomRSVtTXLFDSDWROyJLFDeLQFRPSUHHQVtYHOQmRSRGHVHUVHJXLGRSVLFRORJLFDPHQWH
DWp D VXD RULJHP p DOJR GH ³~OWLPR H GHUUDGHLUR´ -DVSHUV (VWi UHODFLRQDGR D XPD SURIXQGD
WUDQVIRUPDomR GD SHUVRQDOLGDGH VHQGR D H[SUHVVmR GH XP SURFHVVR R VXUJLPHQWR GH DOJR QRYR
GXUDGRXURHLUUHYHUVtYHOQDYLGDPHQWDO&ODVVLFDPHQWHVHULDH[FOXVLYRGDHVTXL]RIUHQLD
. -DVSHUV LQFOXLX VRE D GHQRPLQDomR GH YLYrQFLDV GHOLUDQWHV SULPiULDV DV SHUFHSo}HV
GHOLUDQWHVDVUHSUHVHQWDo}HVGHOLUDQWHVHDVFRJQLo}HVGHOLUDQWHV.6FKQHLGHUFULRXRFRQFHLWRGH
RFRUUrQFLDVGHOLUDQWHVTXHHQJOREDULDDVUHSUHVHQWDo}HVGHOLUDQWHVHFRJQLo}HVGHOLUDQWHV
$SHUFHSomRGHOLUDQWHFRQVLVWHQDDWULEXLomRGHXPVLJQLILFDGRQRYRDQRUPDODXPDSHUFHSomR
QRUPDO GH XP REMHWR UHDO (VVD VLJQLILFDomR VH Gi GH IRUPD VLPXOWkQHD DR DWR SHUFHSWLYR 2
VLJQLILFDGRpSDUDRREVHUYDGRUDOJRLOyJLFRDEVXUGRHLQFRPSUHHQVtYHORXVHMDSDUHFHQmRKDYHU
TXDOTXHU UHODomR HQWUH R TXH IRL SHUFHELGR H D FRQFOXVmR D TXH VH FKHJRX 3DUD R GRHQWH R
VLJQLILFDGR p HP JHUDO DXWRUUHIHUHQWH WHP R FDUiWHU GH XP DYLVR PHQVDJHP RX UHYHODomR p DOJR
HVSHFLDO GH JUDQGH LPSRUWkQFLD TXH p VHQWLGR FRPR LPSRVWR 8P H[HPSOR VHULD R VHJXLQWH R
LQGLYtGXRYrXPFDFKRUURXULQDQGRQDUXDHVDEHTXHRPXQGRYDLDFDEDU$SHUFHSomRGHOLUDQWHp
XP GRV VLQWRPDV GH SULPHLUD RUGHP GH .XUW 6FKQHLGHU SDUD R GLDJQyVWLFR GD HVTXL]RIUHQLD (OD
GLIHUHGDLQWHUSUHWDomRGHOLURLGHSRUTXHQHVWDRVLJQLILFDGRDQRUPDOpGDGRDSRVWHULRULjVYH]HV
GHLPHGLDWRPDVQXQFDVLPXOWDQHDPHQWHDRDWRSHUFHSWLYRHSRUTXHQDLQWHUSUHWDomR GHOLURLGHp
PDQWLGDXPDFRQH[mROyJLFDFRPSUHHQVtYHOHQWUHRDWRSHUFHSWLYRHRVLJQLILFDGRDHOHDWULEXtGR
1D UHSUHVHQWDomR GHOLUDQWH XP VLJQLILFDGR DQRUPDO p GDGR D XPD UHFRUGDomR QRUPDO 3RU
H[HPSOR ³ µ(X SRGLD PXLWR EHP VHU R ILOKR GR UHL /XtV¶ ± XPD UHFRUGDomR FODUD GH FRPR R
LPSHUDGRU DR SDVVDU D FDYDOR QD SDUDGD YLVWD Ki DOJXQV DQRV ROKRX MXVWDPHQWH SDUD HOH R
FRQILUPD´-DVSHUV
$ FRJQLomRGHOLUDQWH FRQVLVWH HP XPD FRQYLFomR SDWROyJLFD LQWXLWLYD XPD FHUWH]D V~ELWD XPD
UHYHODomR LPHGLDWD TXH SUHVFLQGH SRU FRPSOHWR GH FRQH[}HV VLJQLILFDWLYDV FRP TXDLVTXHU GDGRV
SHUFHSWLYRV RX UHSUHVHQWDWLYRV 3RU H[HPSOR R LQGLYtGXR GH UHSHQWH VDEH TXH p -HVXV &ULVWR PDV
LVVRQmRHVWiUHODFLRQDGRFRPQDGDTXHHOHWHQKDYLVWRRXYLGRRXVHOHPEUDGR$FRJQLomRGHOLUDQWH
RFRUUHPDLVHPTXDGURVSVLFyWLFRVDJXGRVGRTXHFU{QLFRV$RFRQWUiULRGDSHUFHSomRGHOLUDQWHH
GD UHSUHVHQWDomR GHOLUDQWH FRQVWLWXtGDV SRU  PHPEURV ± D SHUFHSomR RX UHFRUGDomR QRUPDO  D
VLJQLILFDomRDQRUPDO±DFRJQLomRGHOLUDQWHSRVVXLXP~QLFRPHPEUR6FKQHLGHU

Ŷ Delírio secundário
2GHOtULRVHFXQGiULRWDPEpPpFKDPDGRLGHLDGHOLURLGH(OHVHRULJLQDGHIRUPDFRPSUHHQVtYHO
SVLFRORJLFDPHQWHGHRXWUDVPDQLIHVWDo}HVSVtTXLFDVSDWROyJLFDVWDLVFRPRDOWHUDo}HVGRKXPRUGD
VHQVRSHUFHSomRHGDFRQVFLrQFLD
6mR H[HPSORV GH GHOtULRV VHFXQGiULRV DV LGHLDV GH FXOSD QD GHSUHVVmR ± D WULVWH]D YLWDO p
FRQVLGHUDGD SULPiULD ± DV LGHLDV GH JUDQGH]D QD PDQLD DV LGHLDV GH LQIOXrQFLD UHODFLRQDGDV D
DOXFLQDo}HVFHQHVWpVLFDVDVLGHLDVGHSHUVHJXLomRQRGHOLULXPWUHPHQVHWF
&DEDOHLUR*RDVGLIHUHQWHPHQWHGDPDLRULDGRVDXWRUHVVHSDUDYDDVLGHLDVGHOLURLGHVGRV
GHOtULRV VHFXQGiULRV 3DUD HOH DV LGHLDV GHOLURLGHV VHULDP PDLV IDFLOPHQWH LQIOXHQFLiYHLV H
FRUULJtYHLV GR TXH DV GHOLUDQWHV HQTXDQWR RV GHOtULRV VHFXQGiULRV SRGHULDP WHU DV PHVPDV
FDUDFWHUtVWLFDVTXHRVSULPiULRVH[FHWRSRUVXDJrQHVH

Ŷ Ideia sobrevalorada
1D GHILQLomR GH 1REUH GH 0HOR  D LGHLD VREUHYDORUDGD RX VXSHUYDORUL]DGD RX
SUHYDOHQWHRXVREUHYDOHQWHpXPDLGHLDHUU{QHDSRUVXSHUHVWLPDomRDIHWLYD2HUURGHFRUUHGRIDWR
GH D LGHLD HVWDU UHODFLRQDGD D XPD FDUJD DIHWLYD PXLWR LQWHQVD TXH LQIOXHQFLD R MXOJDPHQWR GD
UHDOLGDGH LQIOXrQFLD FDWDWtPLFD WRUQDQGRR SRXFR UDFLRQDO (VVD LGHLD JDQKD SUHSRQGHUkQFLD HP
UHODomRjVGHPDLVHRULHQWDXQLODWHUDOPHQWHDFRQGXWDGRLQGLYtGXR
 1D LGHLD VREUHYDORUDGD R HUUR p FRPSUHHQVtYHO SVLFRORJLFDPHQWH HP IXQomR GD YLYrQFLD
HPRFLRQDO RX GH WUDoRV GH SHUVRQDOLGDGH GR LQGLYtGXR $ FRQYLFomR p PHQRU GR TXH QR GHOtULR D
LGHLDpPDLVLQIOXHQFLiYHO
$LGHLDVREUHYDORUDGDSRGHRFRUUHUHPSHVVRDVQRUPDLV3RUH[HPSORFRQYLFo}HVDSDL[RQDGDV
HP UHODomR D TXHVW}HV FLHQWtILFDV ILORVyILFDV SROtWLFDV H UHOLJLRVDV DVVLP FRPR DV LGHLDV GRV
HQDPRUDGRV VREUH R REMHWR GR VHX DPRU 2FRUUH DLQGD HP DOJXQV WUDQVWRUQRV PHQWDLV FRPR QD
KLSRFRQGULDDLGHLDGHVRIUHUGHXPDGRHQoDQRWUDQVWRUQRGLVPyUILFRFRUSRUDOWHUXPGHIHLWRQD
DSDUrQFLDQDDQRUH[LDQHUYRVDSUHFLVDUHPDJUHFHUQRWUDQVWRUQRREVHVVLYRFRPSXOVLYRWHUTXH
OLPSDUFRQWDUYHULILFDURXWRFDUHQRWUDQVWRUQRGHSHUVRQDOLGDGHSDUDQRLGHHVWDUVHQGRHQJDQDGR
RXSUHMXGLFDGR
)RL :HUQLFNH TXHP GHVFUHYHX SHOD SULPHLUD YH] DV LGHLDV VREUHYDORUDGDV DGRWDQGR D
GHQRPLQDomRGHLGHLDVSUHYDOHQWHV-DVSHUVDVLQFOXLHQWUHDVLGHLDVGHOLURLGHVDRODGRGRV
GHOtULRVVHFXQGiULRVPDVLVVRQmRpVHJXLGRSHODPDLRULDGRVDXWRUHV

Ŷ CLASSIFICAÇÃO

Ŷ Delírios sistematizados/delírios não sistematizados

1RV GHOtULRV VLVWHPDWL]DGRV Ki XPD PDLRU FRHUrQFLD LQWHUQD HQWUH DV LGHLDV XPD PDLRU
RUJDQL]DomR H FRQVLVWrQFLD (QFRQWUDVH XPD UHGH GH DUJXPHQWDo}HV OyJLFDV H FRPSUHHQVtYHLV 2
GHOLUDQWH FRP LGHLDV GH SHUVHJXLomR p FDSD] GH GL]HU TXHP R SHUVHJXH FRPR H SRU TXr 3RU
H[HPSORRLQGLYtGXRDILUPDTXHRVIDPLOLDUHVTXHUHPPDWiORHFRORFDQGRYHQHQRHPVXDFRPLGD
SDUDILFDUHPFRPRVHXGLQKHLUR(VVHWLSRpFDUDFWHUtVWLFRGRWUDQVWRUQRGHOLUDQWH
2VGHOtULRVQmRVLVWHPDWL]DGRVVmRIUDJPHQWiULRVFDyWLFRVGHVDUWLFXODGRVHVHPFRQFDWHQDomR
3RUH[HPSORRLQGLYtGXRDILUPDTXHTXHUHPPDWiORPDVQmRpFDSD]GHGL]HUFRPRGHVFREULXLVVR
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REVHUYDGRV SULQFLSDOPHQWH QD HVTXL]RIUHQLD H QRV WUDQVWRUQRV GR KXPRU PDV WDPEpP HP SVLFRVHV
UHODFLRQDGDV D GRHQoDV FHUHEUDLV H QR WUDQVWRUQR GHOLUDQWH $FUHGLWDVH TXH KDMD XPD HWLRORJLD
RUJkQLFDUHODFLRQDGDDRKHPLVIpULRGLUHLWR

Ŷ O EXAME DO DELÍRIO
2V GHOtULRV FRQVWLWXLQGR XPD DOWHUDomR GR FRQWH~GR GR SHQVDPHQWR VmR SRU FRQVHJXLQWH
GHWHFWDGRVQRGLVFXUVRGRSDFLHQWH7RGDYLDFRPIUHTXrQFLDRSDFLHQWHLUiGLVVLPXODUVXDDWLYLGDGH
GHOLUDQWHRXQmRWHUiLQWHUHVVHRXSRVVLELOLGDGHQRVFDVRVGHHVWXSRUSRUH[HPSORGHYHUEDOL]iOD
1HVVDVLWXDomRWRUQDVHIXQGDPHQWDODDYDOLDomRGDDWLWXGHGHVFRQILDQoDPHGRDUURJkQFLDHWF

Ŷ O DELÍRIO NOS PRINCIPAIS TRANSTORNOS MENTAIS

Ŷ Esquizofrenia
1D HVTXL]RIUHQLD WLSLFDPHQWH R GHOtULR p EL]DUUR WHP XP FRQWH~GR LPSRVVtYHO H p SRXFR
VLVWHPDWL]DGR3RGHVHUSULPiULRTXDQGRLQWXLWLYRRXVHFXQGiULRjDWLYLGDGHDOXFLQDWyULD
+RMHVHDFUHGLWDTXHRGHOtULRSULPiULRHPHVPRRVVLQWRPDVGHSULPHLUDRUGHPGH.6FKQHLGHU
QmRVHMDH[FOXVLYRGDHVTXL]RIUHQLDSRGHQGRVHUREVHUYDGRQDVSVLFRVHVDIHWLYDVHSLOpSWLFDVHWF
(P PXLWRV FDVRV QmR HP WRGRV R GHOtULR p SUHFHGLGR SRU XP TXDGUR GHQRPLQDGR KXPRU
GHOLUDQWHGLIXVRHVTXL]RIRULD/ySH],ERURXWUHPD&RQUDG(VWHWHUPRpXVDGRQRPHLRWHDWUDO
SDUDVHUHIHULUjVHQVDomRTXHRDWRUH[SHULPHQWDjERFDGHFHQDDQWHVTXHRSDQRVHDEUD5HIHUHVH
jH[SHFWDWLYDHPUHODomRDXPDFRQWHFLPHQWRLPLQHQWHGRTXDOQmRKiIXJD2WUHPDpFDUDFWHUL]DGR
SRUVHQWLPHQWRVGHHVWUDQKH]DRXSHUSOH[LGDGHYLYrQFLDVGHGHVSHUVRQDOL]DomRRXGHVUHDOL]DomR±
HOHRXRPXQGRHVWiVHWUDQVIRUPDQGR±HDQJ~VWLD2SDFLHQWHWHPDVHQVDomRGHTXHDOJRWHUUtYHO
HVWiSRUDFRQWHFHU PDVQmRVDEH R TXr 2GHOtULRYLUiHQWmRGDUXP VLJQLILFDGRDHVVDVYLYrQFLDV
HQLJPiWLFDVSDUDRSDFLHQWHUHGX]LQGRDVVLPVXDDQJ~VWLD
Ŷ Transtorno delirante
2WUDQVWRUQRGHOLUDQWHDDQWLJDSDUDQRLDWHPPXLWDVYH]HVFRPRD~QLFDDOWHUDomRRGHOtULR(VWH
WLSLFDPHQWHWHPFRQWH~GRSRVVtYHOpSRXFREL]DUUREHPVLVWHPDWL]DGRLQWHUSUHWDWLYRDXWRUUHIHUHQWH
HPRQRWHPiWLFR
6HJXQGR1REUHGH0HORDSDUDQRLDSRGHVHUSURFHVVXDOGHOtULRSULPiULRRXHQWmRXPD
UHDomRRXGHVHQYROYLPHQWRGHOtULRVHFXQGiULR
(P  (UQVW .UHWVFKPHU GHOLPLWRX XP VXEJUXSR GH SDUDQRLD FKDPDGR SRU HOH GH GHOtULR
VHQVLWLYR GH UHODomR (VWH DFRPHWHULD SHVVRDV FRP RV VHJXLQWHV WUDoRV GH SHUVRQDOLGDGH
KLSHUVHQVLELOLGDGH KLSHUHPRWLYLGDGH WLPLGH] HVFUXSXORVLGDGH LQVHJXUDQoD H VHQWLPHQWRV GH
IUXVWUDomR H GH LQIHULRULGDGH 2 GHOtULR DXWRUUHIHUHQWH H GH EDVH LQWHUSUHWDWLYD GDUVHLD QXP
FRQWH[WRGHUHODFLRQDPHQWRLQWHUSHVVRDORLQGLYtGXRVHVHQWHREMHWRGHLQWHUHVVHRXGHPDOHYROrQFLD
GHRXWUHP

Ŷ Parafrenia
$ FDWHJRULD GLDJQyVWLFD SDUDIUHQLD IRL H[FOXtGD GDV FODVVLILFDo}HV DWXDLV (QTXDGUDUVHLD HP
WUDQVWRUQRGHOLUDQWHQD&,'RXHPHVTXL]RIUHQLDSDUDQRLGHQR'60,9
2 GHOtULR WtSLFR GD SDUDIUHQLD WLQKD XP FDUiWHU IDQWiVWLFR H WRUQDYDVH HQFDSVXODGR RX VHMD
DWLQJLDDSHQDVDOJXPDVSRXFDViUHDVGDYLGDGRLQGLYtGXRRTXHSHUPLWLDTXHHOHVHFRPSRUWDVVHGH
PDQHLUDQRUPDOHPTXDVHWRGDVDVDWLYLGDGHVGRVHXGLDDGLD

Ŷ Transtornos do humor
1D PDLRULD GRV FDVRV GH GHSUHVVmR QmR Ki VLQWRPDV SVLFyWLFRV 7RGDYLD QDV GHSUHVV}HV
SVLFyWLFDV RV WHPDV GHOLUDQWHV PDLV FRPXQV VmR UXtQD FXOSD KLSRFRQGULD H QHJDomR 1D PDQLD
SVLFyWLFD RV GHOtULRV VmR WLSLFDPHQWH GH JUDQGH]D 7RGDYLD WDQWR QD PDQLD FRPR QD GHSUHVVmR
REVHUYDPVHWDPEpPGHOtULRVSHUVHFXWyULRVHRXWURVLQFRQJUXHQWHVFRPRKXPRURVTXDLVSRUWDQWR
QmRSRGHULDPVHUFRQVLGHUDGRVVHFXQGiULRV

Ŷ Psicoses “orgânicas”
4XDGURV FRPR GHOLULXP GHPrQFLD HSLOHSVLD HVSHFLDOPHQWH GR ORER WHPSRUDO QHXURVVtILOLV
FHUHEUDO LQWR[LFDomR SRU FRFDtQD RX DQIHWDPLQD HQWUH RXWURVSRGHP FXUVDU FRP LQWHQVD DWLYLGDGH
GHOLUDQWH
Ŷ Psicoses epilépticas
2VHVWDGRVFUHSXVFXODUHVGDHSLOHSVLDGRORERWHPSRUDOSRGHPFXUVDUFRPVLQWRPDVGHSULPHLUD
RUGHP6mRHVSHFLDOPHQWHFRPXQVRVGHOtULRVPtVWLFRVTXHVHUYLULDPFRPRXPDDXWRH[SOLFDomRSDUD
DVDOWHUDo}HVGHFRQVFLrQFLDHRXWUDVH[SHULrQFLDVLQXVXDLV

Ŷ Transtorno delirante induzido

2WUDQVWRUQRGHOLUDQWHLQGX]LGRRXIROLHjGHX[IRLGHVFULWRSRU/DVqJXHH)DOUHWHP8P
LQGLYtGXR DOWDPHQWH VXJHVWLRQiYHO TXH WHP XPD UHODomR PXLWR SUy[LPD FRP XP GRHQWH SVLFyWLFR
LQFRUSRUD XPD FUHQoD GHOLUDQWH GHVWH 2 SULPHLUR WHQGH D DEDQGRQDU R GHOtULR TXDQGR D GXSOD VH
VHSDUD

Ŷ CONTRIBUIÇÕES DA PSICANÁLISE

Ŷ Modelo conflito–defesa
1DHVTXL]RIUHQLDKDYHULDXPDUHJUHVVmRDXPDIDVHPXLWRSUHFRFHGRGHVHQYROYLPHQWRSVtTXLFR
RQDUFLVLVPRSULPiULR1HVVDIDVHHPTXHRHJRQmRHVWiSOHQDPHQWHGHVHQYROYLGRVmRXWLOL]DGRV
PHFDQLVPRV GH GHIHVD PXLWR SULPLWLYRV FRPR D QHJDomR H D SURMHomR PXLWR UHODFLRQDGRV j
SURGXomRGHOLUDQWH

Ŷ Modelo deficitário
2 HVTXL]RIUrQLFR UHWLUD D OLELGR GRV REMHWRV H[WHUQRV H D UHLQYHVWH QR SUySULR HJR 0DLV WDUGH
WHQWDLQYHVWLODQRYDPHQWHQRVREMHWRVH[WHUQRVPDVRID]GHIRUPDSDWROyJLFDRVREMHWRVLQWHUQRV
VmRWRPDGRVFRPRH[WHUQRVGDtSURGX]LQGRRVGHOtULRVHDOXFLQDo}HV

Ŷ Paranoia: o caso Schreber

$V 1RWDV 3VLFDQDOtWLFDV VREUH XP 5HODWR $XWRELRJUiILFR GH XP &DVR GH 3DUDQRLD IRUDP
SXEOLFDGDVSRU)UHXGHPDSDUWLUGDDXWRELRJUDILDGH6FKUHEHU(VWHFRQWDYDHPVHXOLYURTXH
KDYLD UHFHELGR GH 'HXV D PLVVmR GH UHGLPLU R PXQGR H SDUD TXH LVVR VH GHVVH WHULD TXH VHU
WUDQVIRUPDGRHPPXOKHU2GHSRLPHQWRGH6FKUHEHUOHYRX)UHXGDIRUPXODUDKLSyWHVHGHTXHWRGR
GHOtULR FRQVWLWXL XPD UHDomR D LPSXOVRV KRPRVVH[XDLV LQFRQVFLHQWHV GH DFRUGR FRP RV VHJXLQWHV
HVTXHPDV
 ³(XXPKRPHPRDPR´VHWUDQVIRUPDHP³HXQmRRDPR´QHJDomRGHSRLVHP³HXRRGHLR´
±
IRUPDomRUHDWLYDHILQDOPHQWHHP³HOHpTXHPHRGHLDHPHSHUVHJXH´SURMHomR±GHOtULR
SHUVHFXWyULR
± ³(X QmR R DPR´  ³HX D DPR´ GHVORFDPHQWR  ³HOD PH DPD´ SURMHomR ± GHOtULR
HURWRPDQtDFR
± ³(XQmRRDPR´³HODRDPD´SURMHomR±GHOtULRGHFL~PHV
± ³(XQmRRDPR´³HXVyDPRDPLP´GHVORFDPHQWR±GHOtULRGHJUDQGH]D

Ŷ Fantasias inconscientes
2VGHOtULRVDVVLPFRPRWRGRVRVVLQWRPDVUHSUHVHQWDPXPDUHDOL]DomRGHGHVHMRVLQFRQVFLHQWHV
GHIRUPDGDSHORVPHFDQLVPRVGHGHIHVDHVSHFLDOPHQWHDSURMHomR

Ŷ Identificação projetiva
,GHQWLILFDomR SURMHWLYD p XP FRQFHLWR FULDGR SRU 0 .OHLQ 7UDWDVH GH XP PHFDQLVPR
UHODFLRQDGRjSRVLomRHVTXL]RSDUDQRLGH 1HVWD R EHEr FLQGH R PXQGR H D VL SUySULR HP REMHWRV
ERQVHREMHWRVPDXV$LGHQWLILFDomRSURMHWLYDFRQVLVWHQXPDSURMHomRIDQWDVPiWLFDSDUDRLQWHULRU
GR FRUSR PDWHUQR GH SDUWHV FOLYDGDV GR EHEr RX PHVPR D SURMHomR GHVWH HP VXD WRWDOLGDGH GH
IRUPD D OHVDU H FRQWURODU D PmH D SDUWLU GR LQWHULRU GHOD 2EMHWRV LQWHUQRV PDXV H DJUHVVLYRV VmR
SURMHWDGRVHWRUQDPVHDPHDoDGRUHV/DSODQFKH 3RQWDOLV

Ŷ CONTRIBUIÇÕES DAS NEUROCIÊNCIAS

Ŷ Hiperatividade dopaminérgica
$HILFiFLDGRVDQWLSVLFyWLFRVQRWUDWDPHQWRGHGHOtULRVHDOXFLQDo}HVSDUHFHGHYHUVHjVXDDomR
GH DQWDJRQLVPR QDV YLDV GD GRSDPLQD HVSHFLDOPHQWH QRV VLVWHPDV PHVROtPELFR H PHVRFRUWLFDO
$OpPGLVVRVXEVWkQFLDVTXHDXPHQWDPDDWLYLGDGHGRSDPLQpUJLFDFRPRDDQIHWDPLQDHDFRFDtQD
SRGHP SURGX]LU TXDGURV SVLFyWLFRV VHPHOKDQWHV DRV GD HVTXL]RIUHQLD 'Dt D FRQFOXVmR GH TXH RV
VLQWRPDVSVLFyWLFRVHVWHMDPUHODFLRQDGRVDXPDKLSHUDWLYLGDGHGRSDPLQpUJLFD
Ŷ A hipótese de um mapa cortical semântico
0DSDVFRUWLFDLVVmRiUHDVHVSHFtILFDVGRFyUWH[FHUHEUDOUHODFLRQDGDVFRPGHWHUPLQDGDVIXQo}HV
GH QDWXUH]D VHQVRULDO RX PRWRUD $ DWLYLGDGH GH EDVH HVSRQWkQHD GRV QHXU{QLRV IRUPDGRUHV GRV
PDSDVFRUWLFDLVpGHQRPLQDGDUXtGRHQTXDQWRDDWLYLGDGHSURYRFDGDSRUHVWtPXORVUHFHEHRQRPH
GHVLQDO2UXtGRHVWiUHODFLRQDGRjH[FLWDomRQDSHULIHULDGRVPDSDVFRUWLFDLVHRVLQDOjH[FLWDomR
QDUHJLmRSULQFLSDO$VFDWHFRODPLQDVDXPHQWDPRVLQDOHPUHODomRDRUXtGR
$VVLP FRPR H[LVWHP PDSDV GH LPDJHQV YLVXDLV H GH LPDJHQV DXGLWLYDV p SRVVtYHO TXH H[LVWDP
PDSDVVHPkQWLFRVQRVTXDLVHVWDULDPUHSUHVHQWDGRVFRQFHLWRVSUy[LPRV)RUPXODVHDKLSyWHVHGH
TXHXPDXPHQWRGHGRSDPLQDWHQGHULDDIRFDOL]DURPDSDVHPkQWLFRDVVLPXPDLGHLDFHQWUDO±DWHVH
± VHULD H[FHVVLYDPHQWH HVWLPXODGD HQTXDQWR DV LGHLDV YL]LQKDV ± DQWtWHVHV ± ILFDULDP LQLELGDV
UHVXOWDQGRQXPDVtQWHVHVHPFUtWLFD±RGHOtULR&DUYDOKR )LV]PDQ

Ŷ O delírio como uma disfunção cognitiva

(PWHVWDJHQVQHXURSVLFROyJLFDVQmRVHREVHUYDXPDFODUDFRUUHODomRHQWUHDDWLYLGDGHGHOLUDQWHH
D RFRUUrQFLD GH DOWHUDo}HV FRJQLWLYDV PDLV JUDYHV FRPR GH OLQJXDJHP PHPyULD KDELOLGDGHV
YLVXRHVSDFLDLV RX FDSDFLGDGH GH DEVWUDomR 0DQVFKUHFN  1R HQWDQWR DFUHGLWDVH TXH R
LQGLYtGXR GHOLUDQWH DSUHVHQWH DOJXP WLSR GH GLVIXQomR FRJQLWLYD HQYROYHQGR UDFLRFtQLR DWHQomR
PHWDFRJQLomR RX YLHVHV GH DWULEXLomR 2 UDFLRFtQLR VHULD SUREDELOtVWLFR LQGR GLUHWR SDUD DV
FRQFOXV}HVFRPSRXFDRXQHQKXPDUHYLVmRGDVKLSyWHVHV$DWHQomRHVWDULDHVSHFLDOPHQWHYROWDGD
SDUD HVWtPXORV DPHDoDGRUHV &RP UHODomR j PHWDFRJQLomR KDYHULD XPD IDOKD QD FDSDFLGDGH GH
GLVWLQJXLUHQWUHH[WHUQRHLQWHUQR3RUILPRGHOLUDQWHWHULDXPDWHQGrQFLDDQmRDWULEXLUDVLSUySULRD
UHVSRQVDELOLGDGHSRUHYHQWRVQHJDWLYRVDFXVDQGRRXWUDVSHVVRDVSRUHVWHV4XDOTXHUWHRULDUHODWLYD
DRGHOtULRSUHFLVDH[SOLFDUGXDVFRLVDVSRUTXHDVLGHLDVGHOLUDQWHVVmRJHUDGDVHSRUTXHHODVVmR
PDQWLGDVHQmRUHMHLWDGDVjOX]GDVHYLGrQFLDVHGDOyJLFD%HOOHWDO

Ŷ O delírio como uma autoexplicação para experiências

anômalas
'HDFRUGRFRPHVVDKLSyWHVHIXQo}HVFRJQLWLYDVQRUPDLVVHULDPGLUHFLRQDGDVSDUDH[SOLFDUSDUD
RSUySULRLQGLYtGXRH[SHULrQFLDVLQFRPXQVFRPRDOXFLQDo}HV
Ŷ Delírios de identificação
+DYHULD XPDGLVIXQomRQR KHPLVIpULRGLUHLWRQDVVtQGURPHVGH &DSJUDV H GH)UHJROL(VWDV VmR
VHPHOKDQWHVjSURVRSDJQRVLDFRQGLomRQHXUROyJLFDHPTXHKiXPDIDOKDQRUHFRQKHFLPHQWRGHIDFHV
QD DXVrQFLD GH GLVW~UELR VHQVRULDO $ SURVRSDJQRVLD SDUHFH VHU R UHVXOWDGR GH XPD OHVmR ELODWHUDO
QRVJLURVIXVLIRUPHHOLQJXDO2\HJRGH 6DUJHDQW
/HPH/RSHVSUHIHULDRWHUPRGHOLULIRUPHDGHOLURLGHHPYLUWXGHGHHVWH~OWLPRUHSUHVHQWDUXPDIRUPDomR
KtEULGDPLVWXUDQGRXPUDGLFDOODWLQRFRPXPVXIL[RJUHJR
Ŷ INTRODUÇÃO

Ŷ A definição de inteligência
eH[WUHPDPHQWHGLItFLOHQFRQWUDUXPDGHILQLomRGHLQWHOLJrQFLDTXHVHMDFDWHJyULFDRXDPSODPHQWH
FRQYLQFHQWH 7RGDYLD DOJXPDV GHILQLo}HV VmR GLJQDV GH QRWD ³,QWHOLJrQFLD p D FDSDFLGDGH GH
FRPSUHHQGHU H GH HODERUDU FRQWH~GRV LQWHOHFWXDLV TXH IDFLOLWHP D UHDOL]DomR GH QRYDV DGDSWDo}HV
SDUD D REWHQomR GH XP REMHWLYR DSHWHFLGR´ 1REUH GH 0HOR  ³,QWHOLJrQFLD FRQVLVWH HP
HVSHFLILFDUXPREMHWLYRDYDOLDUDVLWXDomRYLJHQWHSDUDVDEHUFRPRHODGLIHUHGRREMHWLYRHS{UHP
SUiWLFD XPD VpULH GH RSHUDo}HV SDUD UHGX]LU D GLIHUHQoD´ 3LQNHU  ³,QWHOLJrQFLD p D
FDSDFLGDGHSDUDDSUHQGHUDSDUWLUGDH[SHULrQFLDXVDQGRSURFHVVRVPHWDFRJQLWLYRVSDUDPHOKRUDUD
DSUHQGL]DJHPHDFDSDFLGDGHSDUDDGDSWDUVHDRDPELHQWH FLUFXQGDQWHTXHSRGHH[LJLU GLIHUHQWHV
DGDSWDo}HVGHQWURGHGLIHUHQWHVFRQWH[WRVVRFLDLVHFXOWXUDLV´6WHUQEHUJ
$ LQWHOLJrQFLD HVWi UHODFLRQDGD j FDSDFLGDGH GH UHVROYHU SUREOHPDV QRYRV GH DGDSWDomR GH
VtQWHVHHDQiOLVHGHDEVWUDomRHJHQHUDOL]DomRGHGLVWLQomRHQWUHRHVVHQFLDOHRDFHVVyULRGHOLGDU
FRP FRQFHLWRV MXOJDU H UDFLRFLQDU H GH XWLOL]DU R SHQVDPHQWR GH IRUPD HILFLHQWH H SURGXWLYD $
VROXomRGHSUREOHPDVFRQVLVWHHPFRPSUHHQGHUDVLWXDomRID]HUDVVRFLDo}HVHFRUUHODo}HVSURGX]LU
LGHLDV QRYDV FRQVWUXomR GH KLSyWHVHV FULWLFDU RX WHVWDU DV KLSyWHVHV H ILQDOPHQWH DGDSWDUVH
1REUH GH 0HOR  2 SHQVDPHQWR LQWHOLJHQWH FDUDFWHUL]DVH SHOD ULTXH]D GH FRQFHLWRV SRU
MXt]RVTXHFRUUHVSRQGHPjUHDOLGDGHHSRUXPUDFLRFtQLRTXHVHJXHRVSULQFtSLRVGDOyJLFDIRUPDO
7DOYH]DLQWHOLJrQFLDQmRVHMDSURSULDPHQWHXPDIXQomRSVtTXLFDHVSHFtILFDHVLPXPDPHGLGDGH
UHQGLPHQWRGRSHQVDPHQWRSDUWLFXODUPHQWHGRUDFLRFtQLR

Ŷ Condições instrumentais e promotoras da inteligência

$V FRQGLo}HV LQVWUXPHQWDLV RX SUpFRQGLo}HV GD LQWHOLJrQFLD VmR D DWLYLGDGH VHQVRULDO D
PHPyULDDKDELOLGDGHPRWRUDDKDELOLGDGHYHUEDOHDUHVLVWrQFLDjIDGLJD$VFRQGLo}HVSURPRWRUDV
VmRDDWHQomRDYLYDFLGDGHGRVSURFHVVRVLQVWLQWLYRVHDIHWLYRVHDXQLILFDomRGDYRQWDGH-DVSHUV
$VFRQGLo}HVLQVWUXPHQWDLVHSURPRWRUDVQmRVmRRPHVPRTXHDLQWHOLJrQFLDPDVVmRSUp
UHTXLVLWRVSDUDDH[SUHVVmRGHOD
Ŷ Inteligência e conhecimentos
8PD YDVWD JDPD GH FRQKHFLPHQWRV HP XPD SHTXHQD iUHD GH LQWHUHVVH p FRPSDWtYHO FRP XPD
LQWHOLJrQFLDDEDL[RGDPpGLDFRPRQRFDVRGRVLGLRWDVViELRVLQGLYtGXRVFRPUHWDUGRPHQWDOTXH
DSUHVHQWDPXPDKLSHUPQpVLDGHIL[DomR>YHU&DS±0HPyULD@6HJXQGR$ORQVR)HUQiQGH]
RVYHUGDGHLURVFRQKHFLPHQWRVVmRFDSWDGRVDWUDYpVGHXPDDSUHQGL]DJHPUDFLRQDOHFRPSUHHQVLYDH
QmRPHFkQLFD

Ŷ Uma inteligência geral ou vários tipos de inteligência?

6SHDUPDQ H 7KXUVWRQH WLQKDP SRVLo}HV RSRVWDV D UHVSHLWR GD LQWHOLJrQFLD 6SHDUPDQ GHIHQGLD D
LGHLDGHH[LVWLUXPIDWRUJHUDOXQLWiULRGHLQWHOLJrQFLDIDWRU*TXHVHULDHVSHFLDOPHQWHUHODFLRQDGR
jFDSDFLGDGHGHDEVWUDomR0DV7KXUVWRQHDFUHGLWDYDTXHDLQWHOLJrQFLDFRQVLVWLDHPXPDHQWLGDGH
PXOWLIDWRULDO FRPSRVWD GH XPD VpULH GH FDSDFLGDGHV RX DSWLG}HV PDLV RX PHQRV LQGHSHQGHQWHV H
OLVWRX R TXH FKDPRX GH FDSDFLGDGHV SULPiULDV FRPSUHHQVmR YHUEDO IOXrQFLD SDUD SDODYUDV
KDELOLGDGHFRPQ~PHURVRULHQWDomRQRHVSDoRPHPyULDUDSLGH]SHUFHSWXDOHUDFLRFtQLR$YHUGDGH
SDUHFHHVWDUQXPDFRQFLOLDomRHQWUHDVGXDVKLSyWHVHV(VWXGRVHVWDWtVWLFRVGHDQiOLVHIDWRULDOGD
DSOLFDomR GH WHVWHV GH LQWHOLJrQFLD HP DPRVWUDV UHSUHVHQWDWLYDV GD SRSXODomR JHUDO HYLGHQFLDP D
H[LVWrQFLDGHXPFRPSRQHQWHFRPXPUHIHUHQWHDRGHVHPSHQKRHPWRGDVDVWDUHIDVRIDWRU*PDV
HVWH QmR H[SOLFD WRGDV DV VXSHUSRVLo}HV GH UHVXOWDGRV VHQGR HQFRQWUDGRV WDPEpP IDWRUHV FRPXQV
FRPSOHPHQWDUHVLQGHSHQGHQWHVGRIDWRU*DVFDSDFLGDGHVSULPiULDV
*DUGQHU IRUPXORX D WHRULD GDV LQWHOLJrQFLDV P~OWLSODV 6HJXQGR HOH KDYHULD VHWH LQWHOLJrQFLDV
PXVLFDO YHUEDO OyJLFRPDWHPiWLFD HVSDFLDO FLQHVWpVLFD RX FRQWUROH FRUSRUDO LQWUDSHVVRDO
DXWRHQWHQGLPHQWR H LQWHUSHVVRDO HQWHQGLPHQWR VRFLDO (VVDV LQWHOLJrQFLDV VHULDP LQGHSHQGHQWHV
HQWUHVLHQmRSDUWHVGHXPFRQMXQWRFRPRQDWHRULDGDVFDSDFLGDGHVSULPiULDVGH7KXUVWRQH
&DWWHO SRU VXD YH] Yr D LQWHOLJrQFLD GLYLGLGD HP GRLV VXEIDWRUHV D LQWHOLJrQFLD IOXLGD H D
LQWHOLJrQFLD FULVWDOL]DGD $ SULPHLUD HVWi UHODFLRQDGD DR UDFLRFtQLR DEVWUDWR j FDSDFLGDGH GH
FRPSUHHQGHUUHODo}HVHVSHFLDLVHQWUHDVFRLVDVQDDXVrQFLDGHH[SHULrQFLDFRPHODV3RUH[HPSORD
SDUWLU GD IUDVH ³/2*2 HVWi SDUD 181&$´ SRGHPRV GL]HU SRU DQDORJLD TXH ³3(572 HVWi SDUD
/8*$51(1+80´-iDVHJXQGDVHUHIHUHDRFRQKHFLPHQWRDGTXLULGRDWUDYpVGDH[SHULrQFLD

Ŷ Períodos críticos
'HWHUPLQDGDVIDVHVGRGHVHQYROYLPHQWRGDFULDQoDRVSHUtRGRVFUtWLFRVVmRLPSRUWDQWHVSDUDD
DTXLVLomR GH KDELOLGDGHV HVSHFtILFDV 6H D DSUHQGL]DJHP QmR RFRUUHX DR ILQDO GH GHWHUPLQDGR
SHUtRGR SRGH QmR VHU SRVVtYHO D REWHQomR GD KDELOLGDGH SRVWHULRUPHQWH 'HILFLrQFLDV VHQVRULDLV
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Ŷ ALTERAÇÕES DA INTELIGÊNCIA
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MENTAIS

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GHVHQYROYHQGRVHHQWmRRSHQVDPHQWR6RPHQWHHVWHSRVVLELOLWDXPDDomRHIHWLYDSDUDDVDWLVIDomR
(QWUHDDOXFLQDomRHRSHQVDPHQWRHVWiVLWXDGDDIDQWDVLD(VWDpDPDWpULDSULPDGRVGHYDQHLRVH
GD FULDomR DUWtVWLFD $V PHVPDV IDQWDVLDV TXH VH H[SUHVVDP QR EULQFDU GD FULDQoD FRQWLQXDP D VHU
UHSUHVHQWDGDVQRGHYDQHLRQRVRQKRHQDSURGXomRDUWtVWLFDGRDGXOWR7RGRVHVWHVWrPHPFRPXPD
UHDOL]DomRGLVIDUoDGDGHGHVHMRVTXHHPJHUDOpIUXVWUDGDSHODUHDOLGDGH$DUWHGLIHUHQWHPHQWH
GRV VLQWRPDV FRQVWLWXL XP VXEVWLWXWR GD UHDOL]DomR GH GHVHMR DSURYDGR SHOR VXSHUHJR RX VHMD p
UHVXOWDGRGHXPDVXEOLPDomR

Ŷ CONTRIBUIÇÕES DAS NEUROCIÊNCIAS

'HDFRUGRFRPDFLrQFLDFRJQLWLYDDFULDWLYLGDGHHVWiUHODFLRQDGDDXPSURFHVVRGHSHQVDPHQWR
GLYHUJHQWH H DR LQVLJKW 2 SURFHVVR GH SHQVDPHQWR GLYHUJHQWH FRQVLVWH QD SURGXomR GH XP YDVWR
Q~PHUR GH VROXo}HV DOWHUQDWLYDV SDUD XP GDGR SUREOHPD 3RU LQVLJKW FKDPDPRV D V~ELWD
FRPSUHHQVmR GH XP SUREOHPD RX GD HVWUDWpJLD SDUD UHVROYrOR GH XPD IRUPD FRPSOHWDPHQWH
LQXVLWDGD6WHUQEHUJ
Ŷ INTRODUÇÃO
3RUFRQDomRGHILQLPRVRFRQMXQWRGHDWLYLGDGHVSVtTXLFDVGLUHFLRQDGDVSDUDDDomR,QFOXHPVH
HQWUHDVIXQo}HVFRQDWLYDVRVLPSXOVRVHDYRQWDGH

Ŷ Impulsos
,PSXOVR±WDPEpPFKDPDGRHVWDGRPRWLYDFLRQDORXSXOVmR±UHSUHVHQWDXPHVWDGRLQWHUQRXPD
YLYrQFLDDIHWLYDTXHLQGX]RLQGLYtGXRDDWXDUQRVHQWLGRGHVDWLVID]HUXPDQHFHVVLGDGHEDVLFDPHQWH
XPDQHFHVVLGDGHFRUSRUDO
2V LPSXOVRV QmR GHYHP VHU FRQIXQGLGRV FRP RV LQVWLQWRV (VWHV FRQVLVWHP QmR HP YLYrQFLDV
DIHWLYDV PDV HP FRPSRUWDPHQWRV 6mR FRPSRUWDPHQWRV FRPSOH[RV HVWHUHRWLSDGRV H LQDWRV
FRPSDUWLOKDGRV SHORV DQLPDLV GH XPD PHVPD HVSpFLH H TXH VHUYHP j FRQVHUYDomR GD YLGD RX j
SHUSHWXDomRGDHVSpFLH

Ŷ Vontade
$YRQWDGHFRQVWLWXLXPSURFHVVRSVtTXLFRGHHVFROKDGHXPDHQWUHYiULDVSRVVLELOLGDGHVGHDomR
XPDDWLYLGDGHFRQVFLHQWHGHGLUHFLRQDPHQWRGDDomR7UDWDVHGHXPDHODERUDomRFRJQLWLYDUHDOL]DGD
DSDUWLUGRVLPSXOVRVVHQGRLQIOXHQFLDGDSRUIDWRUHVLQWHOHFWLYRVHVRFLRFXOWXUDLV

Ŷ O processo volitivo
2SURFHVVRYROLWLYRGLYLGHVHHP TXDWURHWDSDV LQWHQomRRXSURSyVLWRGHOLEHUDomR RX
DQiOLVH  GHFLVmR H  H[HFXomR $ IDVH GH LQWHQomR RX SURSyVLWR p UHSUHVHQWDGD SRU XPD
WHQGrQFLDSDUDDDomRHHVWiLQWLPDPHQWHUHODFLRQDGDDRVLPSXOVRV$IDVHGHGHOLEHUDomRFRQVLVWH
QXPD SRQGHUDomR FRQVFLHQWH D UHVSHLWR GDV DOWHUQDWLYDV GH DomR VHQGR DQDOLVDGRV RV DVSHFWRV
SRVLWLYRV H QHJDWLYRV DVVLP FRPR DV SRVVtYHLV LPSOLFDo}HV GH FDGD XPD $ IDVH GH GHFLVmR
UHSUHVHQWDDRSomRSRUXPDGHVVDVDOWHUQDWLYDVGHDomR(DIDVHGHH[HFXomRUHIHUHVHjDWLYLGDGH
SVLFRPRWRUD
Ŷ ALTERAÇÕES QUANTITATIVAS

Ŷ Hipobulia/abulia
+LSREXOLDHDEXOLDVLJQLILFDPUHVSHFWLYDPHQWHGLPLQXLomRHDEROLomRGDDWLYLGDGHFRQDWLYD$
KLSREXOLDHDDEXOLDFDUDFWHUL]DPVHSRUXPDVHQVDomRGHLQGLVSRVLomRIUDTXH]DGHVkQLPRRXIDOWD
GH HQHUJLD SHUGD GD LQLFLDWLYD GD HVSRQWDQHLGDGH H GR LQWHUHVVH SHOR PXQGR H[WHUQR LQGHFLVmR
GLILFXOGDGHGHWUDQVIRUPDUDVGHFLV}HVHPDo}HVHLQLELomRGDSVLFRPRWULFLGDGH
2FRUUHPQDGHSUHVVmRQDHVTXL]RIUHQLDQRGHOLULXPVHPSVLFRVHHPDOJXQVFDVRVGHGHPrQFLD
RXUHWDUGRPHQWDOHQRXVRFU{QLFRGHQHXUROpSWLFRV

Ŷ Enfraquecimento de impulsos específicos

'LVW~UELRV FRPR D GLPLQXLomR RX SHUGD GR DSHWLWH DQRUH[LD GD VHGH H GD OLELGR DOpP GH
LQV{QLDUHSUHVHQWDPXPHQIUDTXHFLPHQWRGRVLPSXOVRVXPGHELOLWDPHQWRGDVWHQGrQFLDVQDWXUDLVj
VDWLVIDomRGDVQHFHVVLGDGHVFRUSRUDLV
$DQRUH[LDpREVHUYDGDQDGHSUHVVmRQDDQRUH[LDQHUYRVDHPDOJXQVTXDGURVGHDQVLHGDGHHHP
GLYHUVDVFRQGLo}HVPpGLFDVJHUDLV$DQRUH[LDGHYHVHUGLVWLQJXLGDGDVLWLRIRELDQDTXDODUHFXVD
DOLPHQWDUVHGHYHDPDQLIHVWDo}HVIyELFDVRXGHOLUDQWHVQmRKDYHQGRXPDUHDOUHGXomRGRDSHWLWH
$LQV{QLDSRGHVHUFODVVLILFDGDHPLQLFLDOTXDQGRKiGLILFXOGDGHSDUDDGRUPHFHULQWHUPHGLiULD
FDUDFWHUL]DGDSRUGLYHUVRVGHVSHUWDUHVQRWXUQRVHWHUPLQDOTXDQGRRSDFLHQWHDFRUGDPXLWRFHGRH
QmRFRQVHJXHYROWDUDGRUPLU$LQV{QLDDSDUHFHQDGHSUHVVmRSRGHQGRVHULQLFLDORXWHUPLQDOQDV
VtQGURPHV GH DQVLHGDGH HP JHUDO LQLFLDO RX LQWHUPHGLiULD QD PDQLD QRV TXDGURV GH DJLWDomR
SVLFRPRWRUD QDV LQWR[LFDo}HV SRU SVLFRHVWLPXODQWHV DQIHWDPLQD FRFDtQD FDIHtQD HWF H HP
TXDGURVGHDEVWLQrQFLDDDOJXPDVGURJDVSVLFRDWLYDVRSLiFHRVEHQ]RGLD]HStQLFRViOFRROHWF
$ SHUGD GD OLELGR p REVHUYDGD QD GHSUHVVmR H QR XVR GH VXEVWkQFLDV DQWLDQGURJrQLFDV GH
QHXUROpSWLFRVHGHDOJXQVDQWLGHSUHVVLYRVHVSHFLDOPHQWHRVWULFtFOLFRVHRVVHURWRQLQpUJLFRV

Ŷ Hiperbulia
$ KLSHUEXOLD FDUDFWHUL]DVH SRU XP VHQWLPHQWR VXEMHWLYR GH IRUoD GH HQHUJLD GH GLVSRVLomR
REVHUYDVHXPDXPHQWRGDLQLFLDWLYDGDHVSRQWDQHLGDGHHGRLQWHUHVVHHPUHODomRDRPXQGRH[WHUQR
FRVWXPD KDYHU GHVLQLELomR H DXPHQWR GD SVLFRPRWULFLGDGH 2FRUUH SULQFLSDOPHQWH QD VtQGURPH
PDQtDFD
Ŷ Intensificação de impulsos específicos
$EXOLPLDRXVLWLRPDQLDRXVLWLRILOLDFRQVLVWHQXPDXPHQWRSDWROyJLFRGRDSHWLWH3RGHRFRUUHU
HPGLVW~UELRVKLSRWDOkPLFRVQDVtQGURPHGHDEVWLQrQFLDUHODFLRQDGDjDQIHWDPLQDHPDOJXQVFDVRV
GHGHSUHVVmRQRWUDQVWRUQRGLVIyULFRSUpPHQVWUXDOHHPTXDGURVGHDQVLHGDGH(VWiUHODFLRQDGDj
KLSHUIDJLD±LQJHVWmRH[FHVVLYDGHDOLPHQWRV±HjREHVLGDGH
$ VHGH H[FHVVLYD p GHQRPLQDGD SRWRPDQLD D LQJHVWmR H[DJHUDGD GH iJXD SROLGLSVLD (VWD p
REVHUYDGDQRGLDEHWHVPHOLWRQRGLDEHWHVLQVtSLGRHQDVtQGURPHGHDQVLHGDGH
+LSHUVRQLDRXOHWDUJLDVLJQLILFDVRQRHPH[FHVVR(ODpREVHUYDGDHPDOJXQVGHSULPLGRVSRGH
VHUXPHIHLWRFRODWHUDOGHPHGLFDPHQWRVFRPREHQ]RGLD]HStQLFRVDQWLSVLFyWLFRVHDQWLGHSUHVVLYRVH
RFRUUHGHIRUPDSDUR[tVWLFDQDQDUFROHSVLD
2 GHVHMR VH[XDO SDWRORJLFDPHQWH DXPHQWDGR QR KRPHP p FKDPDGR VDWLUtDVH H QD PXOKHU
QLQIRPDQLD2DXPHQWRGDOLELGRpXPDDOWHUDomRWtSLFDGDPDQLD

Ŷ ALTERAÇÕES QUALITATIVAS
$VDOWHUDo}HVTXDOLWDWLYDVGDFRQDomRVmRJHQHULFDPHQWHFKDPDGDVGHGLVEXOLDVRXSDUDEXOLDV

Ŷ Atos impulsivos
2V DWRV LPSXOVLYRV FDUDFWHUL]DPVH SRU VHUHP V~ELWRV LQFRHUFtYHLV H LQFRQWUROiYHLV 6mR DWRV
GHVSURYLGRV GH ILQDOLGDGH FRQVFLHQWH 3XODPVH DV HWDSDV GH GHOLEHUDomR H GHFLVmR GR SURFHVVR
YROLWLYRLQGRVHGLUHWRGDLQWHQomRSDUDDDomR3UHVXPLYHOPHQWHRVDWRVLPSXOVLYRVRFRUUHPHP
IXQomR GH XP DXPHQWR GD LQWHQVLGDGH GRV LPSXOVRV RX GH XP HQIUDTXHFLPHQWR GRV PHFDQLVPRV GH
LQLELomRHUHIUHDPHQWR
2V DWRV LPSXOVLYRV WRUQDPVH SDWROyJLFRV TXDQGR VmR HPSDWLFDPHQWH LQFRPSUHHQVtYHLV SDUD R
REVHUYDGRU $OJXQV FRPSRUWDPHQWRV KHWHURDJUHVVLYRV DXWRDJUHVVLYRV H VXLFLGDV D IUDQJRILOLD D
SLURPDQLD D GURPRPDQLD D GLSVRPDQLD H RV DWDTXHV GH KLSHULQJHVWmR DOLPHQWDU GD EXOLPLD
QHUYRVDSRGHPWHUDVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVGHXPDWRLPSXOVLYR
2V FRPSRUWDPHQWRV KHWHURDJUHVVLYRV LPSXOVLYRV RFRUUHP GH IRUPD QmR SUHPHGLWDGD VHQGR
PXLWDVYH]HVLPRWLYDGRV3RGHPDOJXPDVYH]HVUHVXOWDUHPKRPLFtGLR
$IUDQJRILOLDUHSUHVHQWDXPDIRUPDHVSHFLDOGHFRPSRUWDPHQWRDJUHVVLYR1HVVHFDVRDDomRpD
GHGHVWUXLUREMHWRV±GHL[iORVHPIUDQJDOKRV±FRPRURXSDVPyYHLVFROFK}HVHWF
$SLURPDQLDFRQVWLWXLXPDSURSHQVmRDDWHDUIRJRSURYRFDUXPLQFrQGLR0XLWDVYH]HVWUDWDVH
GHXPDUHDomRDJUHVVLYDDXPDFRQWUDULHGDGH
2VDWRVLPSXOVLYRVKHWHURDJUHVVLYRVDIUDQJRILOLDHDSLURPDQLDVmRREVHUYDGRVQRVWUDQVWRUQRV
GH SHUVRQDOLGDGH DQWLVVRFLDO ERUGHUOLQH H H[SORVLYD DVVLP FRPR QD PDQLD QD HVTXL]RIUHQLD QR
UHWDUGRPHQWDOQDGHPrQFLDHQRHVWDGRFUHSXVFXODUHSLOpSWLFR
 $ GURPRPDQLD SRULRPDQLD DXWRPDWLVPR DPEXODWyULR RX IXJD FRQVLVWH QXPD QHFHVVLGDGH GH
DIDVWDUVHGHPXGDUGHOXJDUTXHVHPDQLIHVWDFRPRXPDGHDPEXODomRVHPILQDOLGDGHRXFRPRXPD
FRUULGD V~ELWD H LPRWLYDGD $ IXJD SURSRUFLRQD DOtYLR SDUD XP HVWDGR GH GLVIRULD UHODFLRQDGR D
FLUFXQVWkQFLDV GR DPELHQWH 2FRUUH QRV HVWDGRV FUHSXVFXODUHV KLVWpULFR H HSLOpSWLFR QD
HVTXL]RIUHQLDQDGHPrQFLDHQRUHWDUGRPHQWDO
$ GLSVRPDQLD UHSUHVHQWD XPD WHQGrQFLD SHULyGLFD SDUD D LQJHVWmR GH JUDQGH TXDQWLGDGH GH
iOFRRO DIHWDQGR SHVVRDV TXH HVWmR HP JHUDO DEVWrPLDV $SyV R LQtFLR GD LQJHVWmR DOFRyOLFD R
LQGLYtGXRSHUGHLQWHLUDPHQWHRFRQWUROHVREUHHVWDHEHEHDWpFDLULQFRQVFLHQWH
1D EXOLPLD QHUYRVD RFRUUHP DWDTXHV GH KLSHULQJHVWmR DOLPHQWDU TXH VH FDUDFWHUL]DP SHOR
FRPSRUWDPHQWR GH FRPHU UDSLGDPHQWH XPD JUDQGH TXDQWLGDGH GH DOLPHQWRV H SULQFLSDOPHQWH SHOD
VHQVDomRGHSHUGDGHFRQWUROHVREUHDLQJHVWmR

Ŷ Atos compulsivos (ou compulsões)

$V FRPSXOV}HV TXH IRUDP GHVFULWDV SRU (VTXLURO HP  VmR DWRV TXH R LQGLYtGXR VH VHQWH
FRPSHOLGRDUHDOL]DU7RGDYLDDRFRQWUiULRGRTXHRFRUUHQRVDWRVLPSXOVLYRVDH[HFXomRQmRVHGi
GH LPHGLDWR H VLP VRPHQWH DSyV DOJXPD GHOLEHUDomR FRQVFLHQWHKDYHQGR FRP IUHTXrQFLD OXWD RX
UHVLVWrQFLDFRQWUDDVXDH[HFXomR7DPEpPGLIHUHQWHPHQWHGRVDWRVLPSXOVLYRVRVDWRVFRPSXOVLYRV
QHPVHPSUHOHYDPDXPDVHQVDomRGHSUD]HUPXLWDVYH]HVSURGX]HPDSHQDVFHUWRDOtYLRHPJHUDO
WHPSRUiULRSDUDXPDYLYrQFLDGLVIyULFD
1RWUDQVWRUQRREVHVVLYRFRPSXOVLYRDVFRPSXOV}HVSRGHPVHUVHFXQGiULDVDLGHLDVREVHVVLYDV
XPDIRUPDGHFRPEDWHUHVVDVLGHLDVGHUHGX]LUDDQVLHGDGHSURYRFDGDSRUHODVRXHQWmRFRQVLVWHP
HP FRPSRUWDPHQWRV UHSHWLWLYRV TXH UHTXHUHP XP SDGUmR UtJLGR GH UHDOL]DomR H TXH PXLWDV YH]HV
DVVXPHPDIRUPDGHYHUGDGHLURVULWXDLV3RUH[HPSORYHPjPHQWHGRSDFLHQWHDLGHLDGHTXHVHX
SDLYDLPRUUHUHHOHVHYrLPSHOLGRDEDWHUFRPDFROKHUQD[tFDUDGHFDIpFLQFRYH]HVSDUDHYLWDU
TXHWDOWUDJpGLDRFRUUDODYDUDVPmRVGH]HQDVGHYH]HVDRGLDHPIXQomRGRPHGRGHFRQWDPLQDomR
SRU JHUPHV FRQIHULU VH GHVOLJRX R JiV LQ~PHUDV YH]HV DR VDLU GH FDVD 8PD MRYHP QmR SRGLD LU
GRUPLU VHP DQWHV FRORFDU XP FRODU QR SHVFRoR H DQpLV HP VHXV GHGRV SUHVHQWHDGRV SRU SHVVRDV
SUy[LPDVDHODWHPHQGRTXHVHQmRRIL]HVVHSXGHVVHDFRQWHFHUDOJRWHUUtYHOFRPHODV7RGDYH]HP
TXHVDtDSDUDSDVVHDUGHFDUURXPUDSD]QmRFRQVHJXLDGHL[DUGHVRPDURVDOJDULVPRVGDVSODFDVGH
WRGRVRVDXWRPyYHLVTXHYLDHILFDYDPXLWRDQVLRVRDWpTXHXPDVRPDUHVXOWDVVHQXPP~OWLSORGH
QRYH R TXH OKH DVVHJXUDYD TXH QDGD GH PDO LULD RFRUUHU 2 SDFLHQWH FRP WUDQVWRUQR REVHVVLYR
FRPSXOVLYRUHFRQKHFHRFDUiWHUDEVXUGRGHVXDVFRPSXOV}HVHWHQWDUHVLVWLUDHODV&RPSXOV}HVVmR
FRPXQVWDPEpPQDGHSUHVVmRHQDVtQGURPHGH7RXUHWWH
3RVVXHP LJXDOPHQWH XP FDUiWHU FRPSXOVLYR R SDGUmR GH XVR GH GURJDV SVLFRDWLYDV QD
GHSHQGrQFLDTXtPLFDWR[LFRILOLDRFRPSRUWDPHQWRDOLPHQWDUQDREHVLGDGHKLSHUIiJLFDFRPXPHP
TXH QmR Ki DWDTXHV GH KLSHULQJHVWmR R MRJR SDWROyJLFR D FOHSWRPDQLD H FHUWRV SDGU}HV GH
FRPSRUWDPHQWRUHODWLYRVDRFRPSUDUHDRHQYROYLPHQWRDPRURVR
2FRPSRUWDPHQWRGHXPLQGLYtGXRHPUHODomRjFRPLGDDRMRJRHDRREMHWRVH[XDOSRGHSRVVXLU
RVPHVPRVDVSHFWRVREVHUYDGRVQRVTXDGURVGHGHSHQGrQFLDTXtPLFDHPUHODomRjGURJDDYLGH]
kQVLD SRU FRPLGD SHOR MRJR RX SHOR SDUFHLUR VH[XDO SHQVDPHQWRV UHFRUUHQWHV TXDQWR DRV
PHVPRVQHJDomRGDGHSHQGrQFLDVLQWRPDVGHDEVWLQrQFLDHDRFRUUrQFLDGHSUHMXt]RVSVLFRVVRFLDLV
VLJQLILFDWLYRV
1D FOHSWRPDQLD R LQGLYtGXR PDLV IUHTXHQWHPHQWH XPD PXOKHU YrVH LPSHOLGR D URXEDU
GHWHUPLQDGRREMHWRGRTXDOQDYHUGDGHQmRQHFHVVLWDHFXMRYDORUILQDQFHLURpLUUHOHYDQWH2DWRGH
URXEDU p SUHFHGLGR GH DQVLHGDGH H DFRPSDQKDVH GH XP DOtYLR GHVVD DQVLHGDGH DOpP GH FHUWD
H[FLWDomRHSUD]HU$FRPSXOVmRSRUFRPSUDURXRQLRPDQLDWHPFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVVHPHOKDQWHV

Ŷ Comportamentos desviantes em relação aos impulsos

2VFRPSRUWDPHQWRVGHDXWRPXWLODomRHVXLFLGDSRGHPVHUFRQVLGHUDGRVGHVYLRV GRVLPSXOVRV
GH DXWRSUHVHUYDomR )RUPDV OHYHV H PRGHUDGDV GH DXWRPXWLODomR RFRUUHP PDLV HP SDFLHQWHV FRP
UHWDUGRPHQWDORXWUDQVWRUQRGHSHUVRQDOLGDGHERUGHUOLQH-iIRUPDVPDLVJUDYHVVmRPDLVFRPXQVQD
HVTXL]RIUHQLD 2 VXLFtGLR p XP ULVFR LPSRUWDQWH HVSHFLDOPHQWH QD GHSUHVVmR QR DOFRROLVPR H QD
HVTXL]RIUHQLDHPERUDQHPVHPSUHHVWHMDUHODFLRQDGRDXPDGRHQoDPHQWDO
$DORWULRIDJLDUHSUHVHQWDXPGHVYLRGRVLPSXOVRVGHQXWULomRXPDSHUYHUVmRGRDSHWLWHFRPRVH
FKDPDYDDQWLJDPHQWH&RQVLVWHQDLQJHVWmRGHFRLVDVHVWUDQKDVRXLQDGHTXDGDV3RUH[HPSORFRPHU
DQLPDLV UHSXJQDQWHV ODJDUWL[D EDUDWD PLQKRFD H[FUHPHQWRV FRSURIDJLD VXEVWkQFLDV QRFLYDV H
REMHWRVSHULJRVRVWLQWDERW}HVDOILQHWHV VDEmRHWF8PSDFLHQWHFRVWXPDYDFRPHU DV PRODVGR
FROFKmRVREUHRTXDOGRUPLDDVTXDLVWLYHUDPTXHVHUUHWLUDGDVGHVHXDEG{PHQSRUPHLRGHXPD
LQWHUYHQomR FLU~UJLFD 2FRUUH PDLV IUHTXHQWHPHQWH QR UHWDUGR PHQWDO H QD GHPrQFLD H DLQGD QD
HVTXL]RIUHQLDUHVLGXDOHQDPDQLD
$VSDUDILOLDVSHUYHUV}HVVH[XDLVFRQVWLWXHPXPGHVYLRGRFRPSRUWDPHQWRVH[XDO&RQVLVWHPQD
SUHIHUrQFLDSRUREMHWRVRXVLWXDo}HVVH[XDLVQmRXVXDLVTXHVHWRUQDPXPDFRQGLomRQHFHVViULDSDUD
DH[FLWDomRVH[XDOHRRUJDVPR1DTXDVHWRWDOLGDGHGDVYH]HVDVSDUDILOLDVDFRPHWHPSHVVRDVGR
VH[R PDVFXOLQR 1R IHWLFKLVPR R LQWHUHVVH VH[XDO VH FRQFHQWUD VREUH SDUWHV QmR JHQLWDLV GR FRUSR
IHPLQLQRSpVFDEHORVQXFDHWFRXSHoDVGRYHVWXiULRVDSDWRVURXSDVtQWLPDVPHLDVHWF1R
H[LELFLRQLVPR R FRPSRUWDPHQWR FRQVLVWH QD H[SRVLomR GRV yUJmRV JHQLWDLV JHUDOPHQWH FRQWUD D
YRQWDGH GD SHVVRD TXH REVHUYD 1D HVFRSRILOLD YR\HXULVPR R SUD]HU SURYpP EDVLFDPHQWH GD
REVHUYDomRGHXPDSHVVRDTXHHVWiWHQGRXPDUHODomRVH[XDORXTXHHVWiQXDRXWLUDQGRDURXSD1R
VDGRPDVRTXLVPR R SUD]HU HVWi YLQFXODGR j GRU KXPLOKDomR RX GRPLQDomR H VXEPLVVmR 1D
FRSURILOLD D H[FLWDomR GHSHQGH GR XVR GH H[FUHPHQWRV QR DWR VH[XDO 3RU ILP QD SHGRILOLD
JHURQWRILOLD ]RRILOLD H QHFURILOLD RV REMHWRV VH[XDLV SUHIHUHQFLDLV VmR UHVSHFWLYDPHQWH FULDQoDV
LGRVRVDQLPDLVHFDGiYHUHV
Ŷ Ambitendência
$DPELWHQGrQFLDWDPEpPpGHQRPLQDGDDPELYDOrQFLDYROLWLYD&RQVLVWHQXPDLQFDSDFLGDGHSDUD
GHFLGLUHPIXQomRGDSUHVHQoDQDFRQVFLrQFLDGHWHQGrQFLDVYROLWLYDVRSRVWDV3RUH[HPSORTXHUHU
ILFDU SHUWR GH DOJXpP H DR PHVPR WHPSR QmR TXHUHU H WHPHU WDO DSUR[LPDomR $ DPELWHQGrQFLD
SRGHRFRUUHUQDHVTXL]RIUHQLD
8P IHQ{PHQR GHVVD QDWXUH]D RFRUUH HP SDFLHQWHV REVHVVLYRV 1HVWHV Ki XP H[FHVVR GH
GHOLEHUDomR RX VHMD WRGDV DV DOWHUQDWLYDV SRVVtYHLV GH FRQGXWD VmR PLQXFLRVD H UHSHWLGDPHQWH
H[DPLQDGDVRTXHLPSHGHTXHVHFKHJXHjHWDSDGHGHFLVmRGRSURFHVVRYROLWLYR

Ŷ Negativismo
2 QHJDWLYLVPR TXH IRL GHVFULWR SRU .DKOEDXP FRQVLVWH QXPD UHVLVWrQFLD QmR GHOLEHUDGD
LPRWLYDGD H LQFRPSUHHQVtYHO jV VROLFLWDo}HV H[WHUQDV 1R QHJDWLYLVPR SDVVLYR R SDFLHQWH
VLPSOHVPHQWH QmR ID] R TXH OKH p SHGLGR QR DWLYR HOH ID] R RSRVWR DR VROLFLWDGR 3RGHP VHU
PDQLIHVWDo}HV GR QHJDWLYLVPR SDVVLYR R PXWLVPR D UHFXVD D IDODU H D VLWLRIRELD D UHFXVD GH
DOLPHQWRV 6LPV  UHODWD XP FDVR GH QHJDWLYLVPR DWLYR 2 SDFLHQWH DR VHU FRQYLGDGR SHOR
PpGLFR D HQWUDU QR FRQVXOWyULR GHX GRLV SDVVRV SDUD WUiV 6y HQWURX TXDQGR VH RUGHQRX TXH IRVVH
HPERUD6HQWRXVHDSHQDVTXDQGRVROLFLWDGRDILFDUHPSp2QHJDWLYLVPRpREVHUYDGRHPTXDGURV
FDWDW{QLFRVFRPRQDHVTXL]RIUHQLDHQDGHSUHVVmR

Ŷ Reação do último momento

$ UHDomR GR ~OWLPR PRPHQWR FRQVLVWH QR GHVDSDUHFLPHQWR V~ELWR GH XPD FRQGXWD QHJDWLYLVWD
MXVWDPHQWHQRPRPHQWRHPTXHRH[DPLQDGRUGHVLVWHGRVHXHPSHQKRHPID]HUFRPTXHRSDFLHQWH
DWHQGD j VXD VROLFLWDomR 3RU H[HPSOR R LQGLYtGXR VH UHFXVD D UHVSRQGHU D TXDOTXHU SHUJXQWD SRU
PDLVGHXPDKRUDHSHUPDQHFHRWHPSRWRGRHPVLOrQFLRVHPVHTXHUROKDUSDUDRH[DPLQDGRU0DV
TXDQGRHVWHYDLVHUHWLUDURGRHQWHFRPHoDDFRRSHUDU7RGDYLDDIDOWDGHFRRSHUDomRHPJHUDOVH
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Ŷ Amígdala
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JHUDOLPSXOVRVH[XDOH[FHVVLYRKLSHUIDJLDHDOWHUDo}HVGRVKiELWRVDOLPHQWDUHV
Ŷ Hipocampo
$HVWLPXODomRGHGLIHUHQWHViUHDVGRKLSRFDPSRSRGHFDXVDUSDVVLYLGDGHHKLSHUVH[XDOLGDGH

Ŷ Bioquímica
'LYHUVRVFLUFXLWRVQHXURQDLVHVWmRDVHUYLoRGDKRPHRVWDVHGRRUJDQLVPRDTXDOpHVVHQFLDOSDUD
DVREUHYLYrQFLD2FpUHEURpDXWRPDWLFDPHQWHLQIRUPDGRTXDQGRGHWHUPLQDGDVXEVWkQFLDYLWDODWLQJH
QtYHLVHOHYDGRVRXEDL[RVGHPDLVRTXHROHYDDDWLYDURVSURFHVVRVGHUHJXODomRTXHYmRID]HUFRP
TXHDVXEVWkQFLDUHWRUQHDRQtYHOGHVHMDGRRXSRQWRIL[R
2FRPSRUWDPHQWRDOLPHQWDUpLQIOXHQFLDGRSRUYiULRVKRUP{QLRVFRPRRVHVWHURLGHVVH[XDLVR
JOXFDJRQDLQVXOLQDHRKRUP{QLRGRFUHVFLPHQWRHDLQGDSHORVQtYHLVGDJOLFHPLD$QRUHSLQHIULQD
H R QHXURSHSWtGLR < DXPHQWDP D LQJHVWmR DOLPHQWDU SDUWLFXODUPHQWH GH FDUERLGUDWRV 2 SHSWtGLR
JDODQLQD ID] DXPHQWDU D LQJHVWmR GH JRUGXUDV H RV RSLiFHRV GH SURWHtQDV 2 KRUP{QLR
FROHFLVWRFLQLQD OLEHUDGR QR LQWHVWLQR SUR[LPDO PDV WDPEpP SUHVHQWH QR FpUHEUR SDUHFH VHU R
UHVSRQViYHOSHODVDFLHGDGH$IHQIOXUDPLQDHDDQIHWDPLQDTXHDXPHQWDPDOLEHUDomRGHVHURWRQLQD
QRKLSRWiODPRFDXVDPGLPLQXLomRGRDSHWLWH
(PDQLPDLVREVHUYDVHXPDFRUUHODomRGLUHWDHQWUHRFRPSRUWDPHQWRVH[XDOHDFRQFHQWUDomRGH
WHVWRVWHURQD 1R KRPHP R QtYHO GHVVH KRUP{QLR VH HOHYD HP IXQomR GD H[SRVLomR D HVWtPXORV GH
QDWXUH]DVH[XDO
$GRSDPLQDpRQHXURWUDQVPLVVRUGRVLVWHPDGHUHFRPSHQVDRXVLVWHPDKHG{QLFRGRTXDOID]HP
SDUWH D iUHD WHJPHQWDO YHQWUDO H R Q~FOHR DFFXPEHQV $V VXEVWkQFLDV SVLFRDWLYDV TXH FDXVDP
GHSHQGrQFLD±FRPRiOFRROQLFRWLQDFRFDtQDHKHURtQD±DWXDPQHVVHVLVWHPDHOHYDQGRRQtYHOGH
GRSDPLQD SDUWLFXODUPHQWH QR Q~FOHR DFFXPEHQV HOHYDomR HVVD TXH SURGX] QR LQGLYtGXR XPD
VHQVDomRGHSUD]HU$LQJHVWmRGHiJXDRXFRPLGDHDFySXODDWLYDPHVVHPHVPRFLUFXLWRFHUHEUDO
3RVWXODVH TXH KDMD XPD UHODomR HQWUH SHUGD GR FRQWUROH GRV LPSXOVRV H KLSRIXQomR
VHURWRQLQpUJLFD9iULRVHVWXGRVHYLGHQFLDUDPXPDGLPLQXLomRGDFRQFHQWUDomRQROLTXRUGR+,$$
iFLGRKLGUR[LLQGRODFpWLFR±RSULQFLSDOPHWDEyOLWRGDVHURWRQLQD±HPLQGLYtGXRVTXHWHQWDUDPR
VXLFtGLRRXTXHDSUHVHQWDYDPRXWURVFRPSRUWDPHQWRVLPSXOVLYRV
 3UDJPDWLVPR p D FDSDFLGDGH GH FRORFDU HP SUiWLFD GH UHDOL]DU GH IRUPD HILFD] DTXLOR TXH VH
GHVHMDRXTXHIRLSODQHMDGR3RUWDQWRHOHQmRSRGHVHUDYDOLDGRVHDFRQDomRHVWiGLPLQXtGDVHR
SDFLHQWHQDGDTXHURGLVW~UELRQmRHVWiQDWUDQVSRVLomRGRTXHUHUSDUDDUHDOL]DomR
'HFHUWDIRUPDRSUDJPDWLVPRVHUYHFRPRXPDPHGLGDGRJUDXGHHILFiFLDGDVIXQo}HVSVtTXLFDV
HPVHXFRQMXQWR0RWWD2SUDJPDWLVPRVySRGHVHDOWHUDUTXDQWLWDWLYDPHQWHHSDUDPHQRV
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2 H[DPH GR SUDJPDWLVPR LPSOLFD HP SULPHLUR OXJDU LGHQWLILFDU RV LQWHUHVVHV H REMHWLYRV GR
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7RGRVRVWUDQVWRUQRVPHQWDLVOHYDPDFHUWRJUDXGHKLSRSUDJPDWLVPRXQVPDLVRXWURVPHQRV2
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PXGDPFRQVWDQWHPHQWHHHOHQmRFRQVHJXHWHUPLQDUQDGDTXHLQLFLD
Ŷ INTRODUÇÃO

Ŷ A motilidade
1HPWRGRVRVPRYLPHQWRVFRUSRUDLVVHHQFRQWUDPQRkPELWRGDSVLFRORJLDHGDSVLFRSDWRORJLD
PDV VRPHQWH DV Do}HV SVLFRPRWRUDV $TXHOHV PRYLPHQWRV FRUSRUDLV LQYROXQWiULRV H LQGHSHQGHQWHV
GRSVLTXLVPRLQWHUHVVDPDSHQDVjQHXURORJLD
$VDo}HVSVLFRPRWRUDVSRVVXHPXPFRQWH~GRSVLFROyJLFRVmRXPDH[SUHVVmRGRSVLTXLVPR6mR
YROXQWiULDV LVWR p FRQVFLHQWHV TXDQWR j PRWLYDomR H ILQDOLGDGH 5HSUHVHQWDP D TXDUWD HWDSD GR
SURFHVVRYROLWLYRDH[HFXomR
$PRWLOLGDGHFRQVLVWHQDYLDILQDOGHWRGRHYHQWRSVtTXLFRHpD~QLFDIRUPDGHDFHVVRTXHWHPRV
DRSVLTXLVPRGHXPDRXWUDSHVVRD
1D SVLFRPRWULFLGDGH HVWi LQFOXtGD D IDOD PDV HVWD ID] MXV D XP FDStWXOR j SDUWH >&DS  ±
/LQJXDJHP@2VPRYLPHQWRVH[SUHVVLYRVGDPtPLFD±HPERUDHVWHMDPGLUHWDPHQWHUHODFLRQDGRVDR
SVLTXLVPRSDUWLFXODUPHQWHjDIHWLYLGDGH±QmRVmRHVWXGDGRVDTXLSRUQmRVHUHPVHJXQGR-DVSHUV
YROXQWiULRVQHPLQWHQFLRQDLV

Ŷ ALTERAÇÕES QUANTITATIVAS

Ŷ Apraxia
$ DSUD[LD FRQVLVWH QD GLILFXOGDGH RX LPSRVVLELOLGDGH GH UHDOL]DU DWRV PRWRUHV LQWHQFLRQDLV
YROXQWiULRVQDDXVrQFLDGHSDUHVLDRXSDUDOLVLDGHGpILFLWVHQVRULDOHGHLQFRRUGHQDomRPRWRUD$
DSUD[LDUHSUHVHQWDDSHUGDGRPRYLPHQWRDSUHQGLGR
$V DSUD[LDV HVWmR UHODFLRQDGDV D OHV}HV FRUWLFDLV JHUDOPHQWH QR KHPLVIpULR GRPLQDQWH
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+i EDVLFDPHQWH GXDV IRUPDV GH DSUD[LDV D LGHRPRWRUD H D LGHDWLYD $ DSUD[LD LGHRPRWRUD p D
SHUGDGDFDSDFLGDGHGHUHDOL]DUPRYLPHQWRVVLPSOHVHPUHVSRVWDjVROLFLWDomRGRH[DPLQDGRUSRU
H[HPSOR EDWHU QXP SUHJR FRP XP PDUWHOR ID]HU XP DFHQR VLJQLILFDQGR DGHXV HVFRYDU RV GHQWHV
HWF2SDFLHQWHSRGHFRQVHJXLUH[HFXWDURPHVPRDWRGHIRUPDHVSRQWkQHD$DSUD[LDLGHDWLYDSRU
VXD YH] p D SHUGD GD FDSDFLGDGH GH UHDOL]DU PRYLPHQWRV VHTXHQFLDLV SRU H[HPSOR GREUDU XPD
FDUWD FRORFiOD HP XP HQYHORSH ODFUDU R HQYHORSH H HP VHJXLGD FRORFDU XP VHOR 2V SDFLHQWHV
FRQVHJXHPH[HFXWDULQGLYLGXDOPHQWHRVPRYLPHQWRVTXHLQWHJUDPDVHTXrQFLD

Ŷ Hipocinesia/acinesia
$KLSRFLQHVLDRXLQLELomRSVLFRPRWRUDFDUDFWHUL]DVHSHODGLPLQXLomRDFHQWXDGDHJHQHUDOL]DGD
GRV PRYLPHQWRV YROXQWiULRV 2V PRYLPHQWRV WRUQDPVH OHQWRV H VmR UHDOL]DGRV FRP JUDQGH
GLILFXOGDGH(PJHUDOKiLQLELomRGRSHQVDPHQWRHGDIDODHPSREUHFLPHQWRGDPtPLFDKLSRPLPLD
HGLPLQXLomRGDYRQWDGHKLSREXOLD
1DDFLQHVLDRXHVWXSRUKiDEROLomRGRVPRYLPHQWRVYROXQWiULRV2SDFLHQWHSRGHILFDUSRUXP
ORQJRSHUtRGRUHVWULWRDROHLWRVHPTXDOTXHUUHDomRDRDPELHQWHDSUHVHQWDQGRPXWLVPRDEROLomRGD
H[SUHVVmRIDFLDODPLPLDUHFXVDGHDOLPHQWRVVLWLRIRELDHLQFRQWLQrQFLDXULQiULDHIHFDOJDWLVPR
DOpPGHDEXOLD
2 HVWXSRU H D KLSRFLQHVLD SRGHP RFRUUHU QD HVTXL]RIUHQLD FDWDW{QLFD QD GHSUHVVmR JUDYH QRV
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DWDTXHVGHSkQLFRUHDo}HVGHFRQJHODPHQWR
4XDQGR R HVWXSRU VH DFRPSDQKD GH ULJLGH] PXVFXODU FRP UHGXomR GD PRELOLGDGH SDVVLYD H
PDQXWHQomR GD SRVWXUD FRUSRUDO WUDWDVH GD FDWDOHSVLD TXH p WDPEpP XPD IRUPD GH HVWHUHRWLSLD
>YHMDDGLDQWH@1HVVHFDVRRSDFLHQWHSRGHDVVXPLUHVSRQWDQHDPHQWHSRVLo}HVEDVWDQWHLQF{PRGDV
SRUXPWHPSRSURORQJDGRSRUH[HPSORPDQWHURVEUDoRVHOHYDGRVILFDUGHLWDGRFRPDVSHUQDVSDUD
RDURXDLQGDSHUPDQHFHUFRPDFDEHoDLQFOLQDGDSDUDDIUHQWHFRPRVHHVWLYHVVHDSRLDGDHPXP
WUDYHVVHLURLPDJLQiULRWUDYHVVHLURSVtTXLFR
$VSDUDOLVLDVGDFRQYHUVmRKLVWpULFDFRQVWLWXHPXPHVWDGRGHDFLQHVLDORFDOL]DGDUHVWULWDDXPRX
PDLVPHPEURV

Ŷ Hipercinesia
$KLSHUFLQHVLDRXH[DOWDomRSVLFRPRWRUDFDUDFWHUL]DVHSRUXPDXPHQWRSDWROyJLFRGDDWLYLGDGH
PRWRUD YROXQWiULD (VVD H[DOWDomR GD SVLFRPRWULFLGDGH SRGH VH GDU HP WUrV QtYHLV GH JUDYLGDGH
LQTXLHWDomRDJLWDomRHIXURUGRPHQRVSDUDRPDLVLQWHQVR
&RPXPHQWHDKLSHUFLQHVLDDFRPSDQKDVHGHORJRUUHLDIDODH[FHVVLYDHGHKHWHURDJUHVVLYLGDGH
7UDWDVHGHXPDDOWHUDomRSVLFRSDWROyJLFDEDVWDQWHFRPXPHLQHVSHFtILFDSRGHQGRVHUREVHUYDGDQD
HVTXL]RIUHQLD FDWDW{QLFD QD PDQLD QD GHSUHVVmR DQVLRVD HP TXDGURV GH GHOLULXP FRP VLQWRPDV
SVLFyWLFRV HP HVWDGRV FUHSXVFXODUHV KLVWpULFRV H HSLOpSWLFRV HP VtQGURPHV GH DQVLHGDGH HP
VtQGURPHVGHOLUDQWHVHPDOJXQVSDFLHQWHVFRPUHWDUGRPHQWDORXGHPrQFLDHQRWUDQVWRUQRGHGpILFLW
GHDWHQomRHKLSHUDWLYLGDGH
Ŷ ALTERAÇÕES QUALITATIVAS

Ŷ Ecopraxia
$HFRSUD[LDFRQVLVWHQDUHSHWLomRDXWRPiWLFDHGHVSURSRVLWDGDGDVDo}HVPRWRUDVH[HFXWDGDVSRU
RXWUD SHVVRD TXH HVWi GLDQWH GR SDFLHQWH 6mR LPLWDGRV JHVWRV D SRVWXUD D IDOD HFRODOLD RX D
H[SUHVVmRILVLRQ{PLFDHFRPLPLD
$ HFRSUD[LD HVWi UHODFLRQDGD j VXJHVWLRQDELOLGDGH SDWROyJLFD >&DS  ± &RQDomR@ 3RGH VHU
REVHUYDGD SULQFLSDOPHQWH QD VtQGURPH FDWDW{QLFD H DLQGD QR UHWDUGR PHQWDO QR GHOLULXP H HP
SURFHVVRVGHPHQFLDLV

Ŷ Estereotipias
$V HVWHUHRWLSLDV TXH IRUDP HVWXGDGDV LQLFLDOPHQWH SRU )DOUHW FRQVWLWXHP Do}HV PRWRUDV
GHVSURYLGDVGHILQDOLGDGHHGHVHQWLGRSDUDRSUySULRGRHQWHVHQGRUHSHWLGDVGHPDQHLUDXQLIRUPH
HFRPJUDQGHIUHTXrQFLD
$V HVWHUHRWLSLDV SRGHP VHU GH JHVWRV RX PRYLPHQWRV GHVGH VLPSOHV PRYLPHQWRV GH GHGRV DWp
PDUFKDVGHSRVLomRHVWHUHRWLSLDDFLQpWLFDRXFDWDOHSVLD±DPDQXWHQomRGHXPDSRVWXUDFRUSRUDO
JHUDOPHQWHH[WUDYDJDQWHGXUDQWHORQJRWHPSRGHOXJDUDEXVFDUHLWHUDGDVHPUD]mRSODXVtYHOGH
XPPHVPRORFDORXGHSDODYUDVHIUDVHVFKDPDGDGHYHUELJHUDomR
8P LQGLYtGXR TXH VRIULD GH HVTXL]RIUHQLD ILFDYD GLDULDPHQWH VHQWDGR QD FDOoDGD HP IUHQWH j
PHVPD ORMD GH WDSHWHV HP &RSDFDEDQD FRP SDSHO H XPD FDQHWD QD PmR ID]HQGR RV PHVPRV
GHVHQKRVGXUDQWHRGLDLQWHLUR$XWRUHVFOiVVLFRVFRPR%OHXOHUH0D\HU*URVVHWDO
QRV IRUQHFHP YiULRV RXWURV H[HPSORV GH HVWHUHRWLSLDV 2V SDFLHQWHV SRGHP SHUPDQHFHU LPyYHLV H
UtJLGRVFRPRXPDHVWiWXDGXUDQWHPLQXWRVRXKRUDVFRPRVEUDoRVHVWLUDGRVSRUH[HPSORFRPRVH
IRVVHP &ULVWR QD FUX] 3RGHP VHU REVHUYDGRV PRYLPHQWRV UHSHWLWLYRV WDLV FRPR D SURWUXVmR GRV
OiELRVHPIRFLQKRID]HUFDUHWDVJLUDUDFDEHoDSDUDRODGRFKDFRDOKDURVEUDoRVEDWHUFRPRSp
HVIUHJDUDPmRQRSHLWR8PDPXOKHUHVTXL]RIUrQLFDDJDUUDYDHDSHUWDYDFRPIRUoDTXDOTXHUFRLVD
TXHHVWLYHVVHDRVHXDOFDQFHIRVVHXPDFDGHLUDXPSHGDoRGHSDSHORXREUDoRGHXPDHQIHUPHLUD
$OJXQV SDFLHQWHV DQGDP SHOR MDUGLP VHPSUH SHORV PHVPRV FDPLQKRV RV TXDLV FRQVHTXHQWHPHQWH
ILFDPPDUFDGRV
6XS}HVHTXHDVHVWHUHRWLSLDVUHSUHVHQWHPUHVtGXRVGHDo}HVPRWRUDVTXHRULJLQDOPHQWHSRVVXtDP
ILQDOLGDGHHVHQWLGRPDVTXHIRUDPHPSREUHFLGDVRXGHIRUPDGDV
$V HVWHUHRWLSLDV RFRUUHP QD VtQGURPH FDWDW{QLFD HP HVWDGRV FUHSXVFXODUHV HSLOpSWLFRV H QR
DXWLVPR

Ŷ Flexibilidade cerácea
 $OJXQVDXWRUHVFRORFDPHTXLYRFDGDPHQWHIOH[LELOLGDGHFHUiFHDHFDWDOHSVLD FRPRVLQ{QLPRV
1D IOH[LELOLGDGH FHUiFHD FRPR QD FDWDOHSVLD Ki ULJLGH] PXVFXODU SRUpP HVWD QR FDVR GD
IOH[LELOLGDGHFHUiFHDpIDFLOPHQWHYHQFLGD,VVRSHUPLWHTXHRH[DPLQDGRUFRORTXHXPVHJPHQWRGR
FRUSRGRSDFLHQWH±XPPHPEURDFDEHoDRXRWURQFR±QDVPDLVGLYHUVDVSRVLo}HVHRSDFLHQWHLUi
PDQWHU D SRVWXUD FRUSRUDO HP TXH IRL SDVVLYDPHQWH FRORFDGR SRU EDVWDQWH WHPSR PHVPR TXH WDO
SRVWXUDVHMDGHVFRQIRUWiYHO2FRUSRGRSDFLHQWHpDPROGiYHOFRPRVHIRVVHGHFHUD
$IOH[LELOLGDGHFHUiFHDpHQFRQWUDGDHPTXDGURVFDWDW{QLFRVQDHVTXL]RIUHQLDQRVWUDQVWRUQRV
GRKXPRUQDHQFHIDOLWHOHWiUJLFDQRSDUNLQVRQLVPRHQDVtQGURPHQHXUROpSWLFDPDOLJQD
3DUD %XPNH R WHUPR IOH[LELOLGDGHFHUiFHD Vy FDEHULD DRV TXDGURV GH RULJHP RUJkQLFD VHQGR
PDLV DSURSULDGD QD HVTXL]RIUHQLD D H[SUHVVmR SVHXGRIOH[LELOLGDGHFHUiFHD 7RGDYLD LVVR p PXLWR
FULWLFiYHOSRUVHEDVHDUQXPDGLIHUHQFLDomRHWLROyJLFDHQmRUHDOPHQWHIHQRPHQROyJLFD

Ŷ Maneirismos
0DQHLULVPRV VmR PRYLPHQWRV H[SUHVVLYRV ± LVWR p PRYLPHQWRV TXH VHUYHP D XP SURSyVLWR GH
FRPXQLFDomR WDLV FRPR JHVWRV PtPLFDV YRFDOL]DomR ± TXH VH WRUQDP H[DJHUDGRV TXDQWR j VXD
DPSOLWXGHWRUQDPVHDIHWDGRVUHEXVFDGRVHVWLOL]DGRVRXGHVDUP{QLFRVSHUGHPVXDJUDoDQDWXUDOH
SDUHFHPH[WUDYDJDQWHVDRREVHUYDGRU
2EVHUYDPVH PDQHLULVPRV QD HVTXL]RIUHQLD FDWDW{QLFD RX KHEHIUrQLFD QR UHWDUGR PHQWDO QD
KLVWHULDHPGRHQoDVFHUHEUDLVRUJkQLFDVHQRKRPRVVH[XDOLVPR
2FRPSRUWDPHQWRGHXPSDFLHQWHTXHWRGDYH]HPTXHYrVHXPpGLFRDMRHOKDVHHEHLMDDVPmRV
GHVWHSRGHVHUFRQVLGHUDGRDPDQHLUDGR8PRXWURH[HPSORGHPDQHLULVPRpRGHXPDSHUWRGHPmR
TXHGXUDPDLVGHXPPLQXWRFRPPRYLPHQWRVH[FHVVLYDPHQWHYLJRURVRV

Ŷ Interceptação cinética
$LQWHUFHSWDomRFLQpWLFDFRQVLVWHQXPDLQWHUUXSomREUXVFDHLQFRPSUHHQVtYHOGHXPDDomRPRWRUD
Mi LQLFLDGD TXH SDUD QR PHLR 2 SDFLHQWH PXLWDV YH]HV DWULEXL D LPSRVVLELOLGDGH GH FRPSOHWDU R
PRYLPHQWRDXPDLQIOXrQFLDH[WHUQD
$LQWHUFHSWDomRFLQpWLFDpDOJRHTXLYDOHQWHDRURXERGRSHQVDPHQWRDOWHUDomRGDFRQVFLrQFLDGR
HXSRGHQGRWDPEpPRFRUUHUQDHVTXL]RIUHQLDFDWDW{QLFD

Ŷ Perseveração motora
$ SHUVHYHUDomR PRWRUD UHSUHVHQWD XPD UHSHWLomR VHP VHQWLGR GH XPD DomR PRWRUD GH LQtFLR
H[HFXWDGDDGHTXDGDPHQWH3RUH[HPSORVROLFLWDVHDRSDFLHQWHTXHFRORTXHDOtQJXDSDUDIRUDRTXH
HOHID]HHPVHJXLGDTXHHOHDFRORTXHSDUDGHQWURRTXHHOHWDPEpPID]WRGDYLDRSDFLHQWHDJRUD
SDVVD D UHDOL]DU UHSHWLGDPHQWH RV PHVPRV PRYLPHQWRV FRP D OtQJXD VHP TXH KDMD XPD QRYD
VROLFLWDomRSRUSDUWHGRH[DPLQDGRU
$SHUVHYHUDomRPRWRUDRFRUUHQDHVTXL]RIUHQLDFDWDW{QLFDHHPTXDGURVUHODFLRQDGRVDGRHQoDV
FHUHEUDLVFRPRSURFHVVRVGHPHQFLDLVUHWDUGRPHQWDOHWF

Ŷ O EXAME DA PSICOMOTRICIDADE

Ŷ Aspectos gerais
$PDLRUSDUWHGDVDOWHUDo}HVGDSVLFRPRWULFLGDGHVXUJHHVSRQWDQHDPHQWHHVXDGHWHFomRGHSHQGH
DSHQDV GD VLPSOHV REVHUYDomR SRU SDUWH GR H[DPLQDGRU &RQWXGR GHWHUPLQDGRV SURFHGLPHQWRV
SRGHPVHU~WHLVSDUDDLGHQWLILFDomRGHDOJXQVGLVW~UELRVHPHVSHFLDO

Ŷ Apraxia
3DUD DYDOLDU D SUHVHQoD GH DSUD[LD LGHRPRWRUD SRGHP VHU GDGDV DR SDFLHQWH RUGHQV FRPR DV
VHJXLQWHV³0RVWUHPHFRPRYRFrID]XPDFHQRGHDGHXV´³0RVWUHPHFRPRYRFrFRUWDULDFRPXPD
WHVRXUD´ ³0RVWUHPH FRPR YRFr HVFRYDULD VHXV GHQWHV FRP XPD HVFRYD´ 'HYHVH IULVDU SDUD R
SDFLHQWHSRUH[HPSORTXHHOHQmRGHYHID]HURPRYLPHQWRFRPRVHVHXVGHGRVIRVVHPDHVFRYDGH
GHQWHVHVLPFRPRVHHOHHVWLYHVVHVHJXUDQGRXPDHVFRYD
3DUDDYDOLDUDSUHVHQoDGHDSUD[LDLGHDWLYDSRGHPVHUGDGDVDVVHJXLQWHVRUGHQVTXHVHUHIHUHP
DWDUHIDVVHTXHQFLDLV³(XYRXOKHGDUXPSHGDoRGHSDSHO4XDQGRHXIL]HULVVRSHJXHRSDSHOFRP
DVXDPmRGLUHLWDGREUHRDRPHLRFRPDPEDVDVPmRVHFRORTXHRQRFKmR´

Ŷ Perseveração motora
(VVHGLVW~UELRSRGHPDQLIHVWDUVHTXDQGRGDPRVRUGHQVDRSDFLHQWHQRH[DPHGDSUD[LD

Ŷ Ecopraxia
2 H[DPLQDGRU SRGH SURSRVLWDOPHQWH UHDOL]DU GXUDQWH D HQWUHYLVWD GHWHUPLQDGRV JHVWRV RX
H[SUHVV}HV IDFLDLV GLDQWH GR SDFLHQWH SDUD YHU VH HVWH R LPLWD 2EYLDPHQWH LVVR VH WRUQD
GHVQHFHVViULR VH R SDFLHQWH HVSRQWDQHDPHQWH H[LEH HFRSUD[LDV UHODFLRQDGDV jV Do}HV PRWRUDV
QDWXUDLVGRH[DPLQDGRU

Ŷ Flexibilidade cerácea
 $SUHVHQoDGHIOH[LELOLGDGHFHUiFHDVyGHYHVHUWHVWDGDHPSDFLHQWHVHVWXSRURVRVFDWDOpSWLFRV2
SURFHGLPHQWRPDLVFRPXPpHOHYDUREUDoRGRSDFLHQWHGHL[DQGRRQXPDSRVLomRTXHVHPDQWLGD
SRUDOJXPWHPSRWRUQDVHGHVFRQIRUWiYHO7RGDYLDGHYHILFDUFODURSDUDRSDFLHQWHTXHHOHQmRp
REULJDGRDPDQWHUDSRVWXUDSRLVHOHSRGHSHQVDUWUDWDUVHGHXPWHVWHGHUHVLVWrQFLDPXVFXODUSRU
H[HPSOR %OHXOHU UHFRPHQGDYD TXH VH GHYHULD OHYDQWDU R EUDoR GR SDFLHQWH SDUD WRPDU R SXOVR
DUWHULDOXPDSHVVRDQRUPDODEDL[DULDREUDoRDVVLPTXHRPpGLFRRVROWDVVH

Ŷ A PSICOMOTRICIDADE NOS PRINCIPAIS TRANSTORNOS

MENTAIS

Ŷ Esquizofrenia
([FHWXDQGRVH D DSUD[LD D IRUPD FDWDW{QLFD GD HVTXL]RIUHQLD SRGH H[LELU TXDOTXHU XPD GDV
DOWHUDo}HV TXDQWLWDWLYDV RX TXDOLWDWLYDV GD SVLFRPRWULFLGDGH $ FDWDWRQLD D ORXFXUD GD WHQVmR
PXVFXODU IRL GHVFULWD SRU .DKOEDXP HP  VHQGR PDLV WDUGH LQFRUSRUDGD SRU .UDHSHOLQ j
GHPrQFLDSUHFRFH
(PDOJXQVFDVRVGHFDWDWRQLDPRPHQWRVGHJUDQGHDJLWDomRSVLFRPRWRUDSRGHPDOWHUQDUVHFRP
HVWDGRV HVWXSRURVRV $ DJLWDomR GR HVTXL]RIUrQLFR UHIOHWH D LQFRHUrQFLD GR VHX SHQVDPHQWR p
GHVSURSRVLWDGD FDyWLFD GHVRUJDQL]DGD H LQGHSHQGHQWH GRV HVWtPXORV H[WHUQRV 0DQHLULVPRV VmR
FRPXQVWDQWRQDIRUPDFDWDW{QLFDFRPRQDKHEHIUrQLFD
$ H[SUHVVmR HVWXSRU FDWDW{QLFR TXH p PXLWDV YH]HV XWLOL]DGD SDUD VH UHIHULU DR HVWXSRU QD
HVTXL]RIUHQLDpLQDGHTXDGD3ULPHLURSRUTXHDSUHVHQoDGHHVWXSRUYDLVHPSUHLPSOLFDUDGHVFULomR
GHXPDVtQGURPHFDWDW{QLFDDVVLPHVWXSRUFDWDW{QLFRpSUDWLFDPHQWHXPSOHRQDVPR(PVHJXQGR
OXJDUDVtQGURPHFDWDW{QLFDQmRpH[FOXVLYDGDHVTXL]RIUHQLDSRGHQGRVHUREVHUYDGDQDGHSUHVVmR
LQLELGDQRSDUNLQVRQLVPRQDHQFHIDOLWHOHWiUJLFDHWF

Ŷ Mania
1DPDQLDDDJLWDomRSVLFRPRWRUDpEDVWDQWHFRPXP(ODpPDLVRUJDQL]DGDHPDLVUHODFLRQDGDDR
DPELHQWHGRTXHDTXHRFRUUHQDHVTXL]RIUHQLD

Ŷ Depressão
1D GHSUHVVmR FRVWXPD KDYHU KLSRFLQHVLD H QRV FDVRV PDLV JUDYHV HVWXSRU 1R HVWXSRU
GHSUHVVLYRHPJHUDOQmRRFRUUHFDWDOHSVLDHDPtPLFDGHWULVWH]DHVWiSUHVHQWHHPFRQWUDVWHFRPD
LQGLIHUHQoDDIHWLYDREVHUYDGDQRHVWXSRUHVTXL]RIUrQLFR
1DVGHSUHVV}HVDQVLRVDVSRGHKDYHULQTXLHWDomRRXDJLWDomRSVLFRPRWRUD
Ŷ Delirium
1RV TXDGURV QmR SVLFyWLFRV Ki KLSRFLQHVLD RX DFLQHVLD H QRV SVLFyWLFRV KLSHUFLQHVLD $
DJLWDomR QR GHOLULXP p HP JHUDO GHVRUGHQDGD H UHIOHWH D GLILFXOGDGH GH DSUHHQVmR GR DPELHQWH
(YHQWXDOPHQWHKiHFRSUD[LD

Ŷ Demência
1DVGHPrQFLDVFRUWLFDLVSRGHKDYHUDSUD[LDPXLWDVYH]HVDVVRFLDGDDDIDVLDRXDJQRVLD4XDGURV
GHPHQFLDLVSRGHPH[LELUDLQGDSHUVHYHUDomRPRWRUDHHFRSUD[LD6tQGURPHVDQVLRVDVRXGHOLUDQWHV
HPGHPHQWHVSRGHPFXUVDUFRPDJLWDomR(PTXDGURVDYDQoDGRVGHGHPrQFLDSRGHKDYHUHVWXSRU

Ŷ Retardo mental
1DROLJRIUHQLDHUpWLFD Ki DJLWDomR H QD ROLJRIUHQLD DSiWLFD LQLELomR SVLFRPRWRUD 1R UHWDUGR
PHQWDOSRGHPRFRUUHUWDPEpPPDQHLULVPRVHHFRSUD[LD

Ŷ Transtorno de déficit de atenção e hiperatividade

(TDAH)
1R7'$+FRPRRQRPHMiGL]KiDXPHQWRGDSVLFRPRWULFLGDGH

Ŷ Transtorno conversivo e transtornos dissociativos

1D DQWLJD KLVWHULD RV JHVWRV JHUDOPHQWH WHDWUDLV SRGHP FRQVWLWXLU PDQHLULVPRV (P TXDGURV
GLVVRFLDWLYRVSRGHKDYHUDJLWDomRRXHVWXSRU1RVFRQYHUVLYRVREVHUYDVHGLPLQXLomRRXDEROLomR
GDIRUoDPXVFXODUHPJHUDOGHXPPHPEUR

Ŷ Epilepsia
(P HVWDGRV FUHSXVFXODUHV HSLOpSWLFRV SRGHP RFRUUHU HVWHUHRWLSLDV RV DXWRPDWLVPRV H
KLSHUFLQHVLDDTXDOSRGHFKHJDUDRQtYHOGHXPIXURU

Ŷ CONTRIBUIÇÕES DAS NEUROCIÊNCIAS

Ŷ Área motora primária
$ iUHD PRWRUD SULPiULD HVWi ORFDOL]DGD QR JLUR SUpFHQWUDO TXH FRUUHVSRQGH j iUHD  GH
%URGPDQQ QR FyUWH[ GR ORER IURQWDO (OD UHFHEH LQIRUPDo}HV GR FyUWH[ VRPDWRVVHQVRULDO H GR
WiODPRFRQHFWDVHUHFLSURFDPHQWHFRPDViUHDVSUpPRWRUDVFRPRFHUHEHORHFRPRVJkQJOLRVGD
EDVH H DWLYD DV FRQWUDo}HV PXVFXODUHV DWUDYpV GH VXD FRQH[mR FRP RV PRWRQHXU{QLRV GD PHGXOD
HVSLQKDO TXH FRQVWLWXL R WUDWR FRUWLFRHVSLQKDO RX VLVWHPD SLUDPLGDO /HV}HV QHVVH WUDWR OHYDP D
SDUHVLDRXSDUDOLVLD
$ iUHD PRWRUD SULPiULD SRVVXL XPD RUJDQL]DomR VRPDWRWySLFD PDSDV PRWRUHV 2 VHX SDSHO
SULPRUGLDOpRGHSDUWLFLSDomRQDLQLFLDomRGRPRYLPHQWR

Ŷ Áreas pré-motoras
$V iUHDV SUpPRWRUDV FRUUHVSRQGHP j iUHD  GH %URGPDQQ WDPEpP QR ORER IURQWDO 3RVVXHP
FRQH[}HV UHFtSURFDV FRP D iUHD PRWRUD SULPiULD FRP R FHUHEHOR H FRP RV JkQJOLRV GD EDVH
UHFHEHPLQIRUPDo}HVGRFyUWH[VRPDWRVVHQVRULDOHSURMHWDPVHSDUDDPHGXODHVSLQKDO'DPHVPD
IRUPDTXHDiUHDPRWRUDSULPiULDDViUHDVSUpPRWRUDVWrPXPDRUJDQL]DomRVRPDWRWySLFDHHVWmR
UHODFLRQDGDVFRPRVLVWHPDSLUDPLGDOGRTXDOGHSHQGHRFRQWUROHYROXQWiULRGRVPRYLPHQWRV
$V iUHDV SUpPRWRUDV VmR EDVLFDPHQWH GXDV D iUHD PRWRUD VXSOHPHQWDU H R FyUWH[ SUpPRWRU
$PEDV WrP FRPR IXQomR SULQFLSDO R SODQHMDPHQWR GRV PRYLPHQWRV GLUHFLRQDGRV D XP REMHWLYR $
iUHD PRWRUD VXSOHPHQWDU HVWi HVSHFLDOPHQWH HQYROYLGD QR DSUHQGL]DGR GH PRYLPHQWRV VHTXHQFLDLV
FRPSOH[RV HQTXDQWR R FyUWH[ SUpPRWRU DWXD SULQFLSDOPHQWH VREUH PRYLPHQWRV TXH UHSUHVHQWDP
UHVSRVWDVDGHL[DVYLVXDLVRXDXGLWLYDV

Ŷ Cerebelo
2FHUHEHORUHFHEHHSURFHVVDDVLQIRUPDo}HVTXHDViUHDVPRWRUDVHQYLDPSDUDDPHGXOD8PD
YH] SURFHVVDGDV SHOR FHUHEHOR HVVDV LQIRUPDo}HV UHWRUQDP DR FyUWH[ PRWRU DWUDYpV GR WiODPR 2
FHUHEHOR QmR HQYLD SURMHo}HV SDUD D PHGXOD HVSLQKDO PDV UHFHEH GLUHWDPHQWH GHVWD LQIRUPDo}HV
VRPDWRVVHQVRULDLVUHFHEHQGRWDPEpPLQIRUPDo}HVGRFyUWH[
2FHUHEHORSDUHFHWHURSDSHOGHUHJXODUGLUHWDPHQWHDH[HFXomRPRWRUD(OHDWXDULDFRPSDUDQGR
RSODQHMDPHQWRGRVPRYLPHQWRVFRPDVXDH[HFXomRGHWHFWDQGRDVVLPSRVVtYHLVHUURVFRUULJLQGRR
PRYLPHQWR HP FXUVR H SURSLFLDQGR R DSHUIHLoRDPHQWR GRV PRYLPHQWRV VXEVHTXHQWHV (OH
SRVVLYHOPHQWHDUPD]HQDSURJUDPDVPRWRUHVSHUPLWLQGRFRPLVVRTXHPRYLPHQWRVFRPSOH[RVVHMDP
UHDOL]DGRVDXWRPDWLFDPHQWHVHPDSDUWLFLSDomRGDFRQVFLrQFLDH[FHWRTXDQGRGRFRPDQGRLQLFLDO
3DUWLFLSDWDPEpPGDFRRUGHQDomRPRWRUDGRHTXLOtEULRHGRFRQWUROHGRW{QXVPXVFXODU
Ŷ Gânglios da base
2VJkQJOLRVGDEDVHUHFHEHPLQIRUPDo}HVGHWRGRRFyUWH[FHUHEUDOPDVQmRSRVVXHPQHQKXPD
FRQH[mRGLUHWDFRPDPHGXODHVSLQKDO3URMHWDPVHSDUDRVFyUWH[PRWRUHSUpPRWRUHWDPEpPSDUD
R FyUWH[ DVVRFLDWLYR SUpIURQWDO 3UHVXPLYHOPHQWH SDUWLFLSDULDP GRV DVSHFWRV FRJQLWLYRV GD
PRWULFLGDGHLQIOXHQFLDULDPRSODQHMDPHQWRHDRUJDQL]DomRGHPRYLPHQWRVFRPSOH[RV

Ŷ Hemisfério esquerdo
1DPDLRULDGDVSHVVRDVRKHPLVIpULRHVTXHUGRpRGRPLQDQWHQRFRQWUROHGRVPRYLPHQWRVILQRV
GHGHGRVPmRVHEUDoRVTXHpFRQWUDODWHUDO3RULVVRRVLQGLYtGXRVGHVWURVVmREHPPDLVFRPXQV
QDSRSXODomR
Ŷ INTRODUÇÃO

Ŷ Definição de afetividade
2V DIHWRV FRQVLVWHP HP HVWDGRV SVtTXLFRV VXEMHWLYRV TXH VH FDUDFWHUL]DP SHOD SURSULHGDGH GH
VHUHPDJUDGiYHLVRXGHVDJUDGiYHLV
2V DIHWRV SRGHP VHU YLVWRV FRPR XPD FRQVHTXrQFLD GDV Do}HV GR LQGLYtGXR TXH YLVDP j
VDWLVIDomRGHVXDVQHFHVVLGDGHVFRUSRUDLVRXSVtTXLFDV6HHVVDVDo}HVVmREHPVXFHGLGDVRDIHWR
pDJUDGiYHOFDVRFRQWUiULRRDIHWRpGHVDJUDGiYHO
2VDIHWRVSRVVXHPSHORPHQRVTXDWURFRPSRQHQWHVDDYDOLDomRVXEMHWLYD±RLQGLYtGXRVHGi
FRQWDGHTXHHVWiDOHJUHSRUH[HPSORDVFUHQoDVFRJQLWLYDV±HOHDWULEXLVXDDOHJULDjRFRUUrQFLD
GHXPGHWHUPLQDGRHYHQWRSRVLWLYRRVSURFHVVRVILVLROyJLFRV±DVDOWHUDo}HVYLVFHUDLVHD
H[SUHVVmRDIHWLYD±PtPLFDJHVWRVSRVWXUDHSURVyGLDTXHWrPDILQDOLGDGHGHFRPXQLFDUDRVRXWURV
FRPRDTXHOHLQGLYtGXRHVWiVHVHQWLQGR
2FRQFHLWRGHDIHWLYLGDGHDEUDQJHDVHPRo}HVRVVHQWLPHQWRVDVSDL[}HVHRKXPRU

Ŷ Afetos, emoções, sentimentos, paixões, humor

([LVWHXPJUDQGHGHVDFRUGRHQWUHRVDXWRUHVTXDQWRjGHILQLomRHGHOLPLWDomRGHVVHVFRQFHLWRV
1DSUiWLFDHVVHVWHUPRVVmRXWLOL]DGRVGHIRUPDPDLVRXPHQRVLQWHUFDPELiYHO
$IHWR YHP GR ODWLP DIILFHUH TXH VLJQLILFD LQIOXHQFLDUDIHWDU (VVH WHUPR SRGH VHU XVDGR SDUD
GHVLJQDUJHQHULFDPHQWHRVHOHPHQWRVGDDIHWLYLGDGHLQFOXLQGRHPRo}HVVHQWLPHQWRVHKXPRUPDV
RXWUDVYH]HVpHPSUHJDGRFRPRVLQ{QLPRGHHPRomR
2 WHUPR HPRomR FRUUHVSRQGH DR IUDQFrV HPRXYRLU TXH VLJQLILFD FRPRYHU HPRFLRQDU H HVWi
OLJDGR D XPD LGHLD GH PRYLPHQWR (PRomR HP JHUDO UHSUHVHQWD XP HVWDGR DIHWLYR V~ELWR GH FXUWD
GXUDomR H JUDQGH LQWHQVLGDGH TXH VH DFRPSDQKD GH DOWHUDo}HV FRUSRUDLV UHODFLRQDGDV D XPD
KLSHUDWLYLGDGHDXWRQ{PLFD
6HQWLPHQWR GHULYDVH GR ODWLP VHQWLUH TXH VLJQLILFD VHQVDomR SHUFHEHU DWUDYpV GRV VHQWLGRV
GDUVHFRQWD(VVHWHUPRHPJHUDOVHUHIHUHDXPHVWDGRDIHWLYRPHQRVLQWHQVRHPDLVSURORQJDGR
TXHDVHPRo}HVHVHPDVDOWHUDo}HVILVLROyJLFDVHQFRQWUDGDVQHVWDV7DOYH]VHSRVVDGL]HUTXHRV
VHQWLPHQWRVUHVXOWHPGHXPSURFHVVDPHQWRFRJQLWLYRPDLRUGRTXHKDYHULDQDVHPRo}HV
$V SDL[}HV WrP D LQWHQVLGDGH GDV HPRo}HV SRUpP XPD GXUDomR PDLRU (ODV PRQRSROL]DP H
GLUHFLRQDPRVSHQVDPHQWRVHDo}HVGRLQGLYtGXR
2 KXPRU RX HVWDGR GH kQLPR RX W{QXV DIHWLYR UHSUHVHQWD XP VRPDWyULR RX VtQWHVH GRV DIHWRV
SUHVHQWHVQDFRQVFLrQFLDHPXPGDGRPRPHQWR&RQVWLWXLRHVWDGRDIHWLYREDVDOHIXQGDPHQWDOTXH
VH FDUDFWHUL]D SRU VHU GLIXVR LVWR p QmR UHODFLRQDGR D XP REMHWR HVSHFtILFR H SRU VHU HP JHUDO
SHUVLVWHQWH H QmRUHDWLYR2 KXPRURVFLODHQWUH RVSRORVGDDOHJULD GDWULVWH]DHGDLUULWDELOLGDGH
DVVLP FRPR HQWUH D FDOPD H D DQVLHGDGH 2 WHUPR GLVIRULD FRUUHVSRQGH D XP HVWDGR GH KXPRU
GHVDJUDGiYHO

Ŷ A classificação de Max Scheler

6HJXQGR 6FKHOHU KDYHULD TXDWUR WLSRV GH VHQWLPHQWRV DIHWRV VHQVRULDLV YLWDLV SVtTXLFRV RX
DQtPLFRVHHVSLULWXDLV
2VVHQWLPHQWRVVHQVRULDLVORFDOL]DPVHHPGHWHUPLQDGDSDUWHGRFRUSRHHVWmRUHODFLRQDGRVjV
VHQVDo}HVGHSUD]HUHGHGRU
2V VHQWLPHQWRV YLWDLV DVVLP FRPR RV DQWHULRUHV VmR VHQWLPHQWRV FRUSRUDLV SRUpP QmR VmR
ORFDOL]DGRV H UHODFLRQDPVH FRP R RUJDQLVPR FRPR XP WRGR 3RU H[HPSOR DV VHQVDo}HV GH PDO
HVWDUEHPHVWDUIDGLJDGHVkQLPRYLJRURUJDVPRIRPHHVHGHHPERUDHVWDVGXDV~OWLPDVSRVVXDP
WDPEpPFRPSRQHQWHVVHQVRULDLVORFDOL]DGRVQRHVW{PDJRHQDFDYLGDGHRUDOUHVSHFWLYDPHQWH2V
VHQWLPHQWRVYLWDLVJXDUGDPFHUWDDXWRQRPLDTXDQWRDRPXQGRH[WHUQRLVWRpQmRVmRUHDWLYRV$OpP
GLVVRSRVVXHPXPFDUiWHUGHLQWHQFLRQDOLGDGHDIRPHSURYRFDDSURFXUDSHORDOLPHQWRRFDQVDoR
H[LJHRUHSRXVR
2V VHQWLPHQWRV SVtTXLFRV QmR VmR VHQWLPHQWRV FRUSRUDLV 1mR VH SUHQGHP D HOHPHQWRV
VHQVRSHUFHSWLYRV HVWmR VLP OLJDGRV DR VLJQLILFDGR GR TXH p SHUFHELGR &RQVWLWXHP UHDo}HV D
DFRQWHFLPHQWRVH[WHUQRVHVmRGRWDGRVGHLQWHQFLRQDOLGDGHILFDUDOHJUHRXWULVWHHPIXQomRGHXPD
QRWtFLDVHQWLUUDLYDRXPHGRGHXPDSHVVRDVHQWLUVHFXOSDGRSRUXPSHFDGR
2V VHQWLPHQWRV HVSLULWXDLV UHIHUHPVH D XP VLVWHPD GH YDORUHV FRPSDUWLOKiYHLV LQIOXHQFLiYHO
SHODFXOWXUD6mRVHQWLPHQWRVHVWpWLFRVEHORIHLRPRUDLVFHUWRHUUDGRHUHOLJLRVRV

Ŷ ALTERAÇÕES QUANTITATIVAS1

Ŷ Exaltação afetiva
([DOWDomR DIHWLYD FRUUHVSRQGH D XP DXPHQWR GD LQWHQVLGDGH RX GXUDomR GRV DIHWRV RX D XPD
UHDomRDIHWLYDGHVSURSRUFLRQDOHPUHODomRjVLWXDomRRXDRREMHWRTXHDPRWLYRX3RUH[HPSORQD
PDQLDKiXPDH[DOWDomRGRKXPRUDOHJUHRXLUULWDGRHQDGHSUHVVmRGRKXPRUWULVWH
 0XLWR IUHTXHQWHPHQWH VmR XWLOL]DGRV RV WHUPRV KLSHUWLPLD H KLSRWLPLD SDUD VH UHIHULU jV
DOWHUDo}HV TXDQWLWDWLYDV GD DIHWLYLGDGH QRV WUDQVWRUQRV GR KXPRU 3UDWLFDPHQWH WRGRV RV DXWRUHV
UHVWULQJHPDGHILQLomRGHKLSHUWLPLDDXPDDOHJULDRXLUULWDELOLGDGHSDWROyJLFDFRPRDTXHRFRUUH
QD VtQGURPH PDQtDFD UHVHUYDQGR SDUD RV HVWDGRV GHSUHVVLYRV R WHUPR KLSRWLPLD 3URYDYHOPHQWH
LVVR RFRUUH SRU LQIOXrQFLD GH .XUW 6FKQHLGHU  TXH HQWUH DV SHUVRQDOLGDGHV SVLFRSiWLFDV
LQFOXLXDVKLSHUWtPLFDVTXHGHVFUHYHXFRPRFDUDFWHUL]DGDVSRU³KXPRUEiVLFRDOHJUHWHPSHUDPHQWR
YLYRVDQJXtQHRHXPDFHUWDDWLYLGDGH´
7RGDYLDSDUHFHVHULQFRHUHQWHGL]HUTXHSRUH[HPSORQXPTXDGURGHSUHVVLYRJUDYH±HPTXHKi
XPD WULVWH]D PXLWR LQWHQVD H SURORQJDGD ± RFRUUD KLSRWLPLD H QmR KLSHUWLPLD 6H FKDPDPRV GH
KLSRWLPLD D WULVWH]D GR GHSULPLGR HVWDPRV DSUR[LPDQGRD GR HPERWDPHQWR DIHWLYR >YHU DGLDQWH@
TXH VH REVHUYD QR HVTXL]RIUrQLFR 3DUD SHOR PHQRV XP DXWRU &) $OYLP FLWDGR SRU 6i 
LQGHSHQGHQWHPHQWH GH TXDO VHMD R HVWDGR GH KXPRU GRPLQDQWH ± DOHJULD WULVWH]D RX DQVLHGDGH ±
GHYHULDVHUDSOLFDGRRWHUPRKLSHUWLPLDVHPSUHTXHHVWLYHUKDYHQGRXPDH[DFHUEDomRGHVVHHVWDGR
GHKXPRU$VVLPQDV~PXODSVLFRSDWROyJLFDGHXPSDFLHQWHPDQtDFRDSRQWDUtDPRV³KXPRUDOHJUH
RXLUULWDGR´H³KLSHUWLPLD´HQRFDVRGHXPGHSULPLGR³KXPRUWULVWH´H³KLSHUWLPLD´1DYHUGDGH
QD GHSUHVVmR R TXH VH HQFRQWUD GLPLQXtGD p D FRQDomR D HQHUJLD YLWDO H QmR D LQWHQVLGDGH GD
H[SUHVVmRDIHWLYD
2EVHUYDVH H[DOWDomR DIHWLYD QmR Vy HP UHODomR j DOHJULD LUULWDELOLGDGH H WULVWH]D ± FRPR QDV
VtQGURPHVDIHWLYDVSULPiULDVHVHFXQGiULDV±PDVWDPEpPHPUHODomRjDQVLHGDGH±HVSHFLDOPHQWH
QRWUDQVWRUQRGHSkQLFRQRWUDQVWRUQRGHDQVLHGDGHJHQHUDOL]DGDQRVWUDQVWRUQRVIyELFRVHWF
$DQVLHGDGHWRUQDVHSDWROyJLFDTXDQGRpH[FHVVLYDSDUDOLVDQWH±QmROHYDDRHQIUHQWDPHQWRRX
IXJD GR SHULJR ± RX WUD] SUHMXt]RV ItVLFRV ± DV FKDPDGDV GRHQoDV SVLFRVVRPiWLFDV ± RX
SVLFRVVRFLDLV
$ H[DOWDomR DIHWLYD SRGH DLQGD VHU HQFRQWUDGD HP DOJXQV WUDQVWRUQRV GH SHUVRQDOLGDGH FRPR
ERUGHUOLQH H H[SORVLYD LUULWDELOLGDGH HP DOJXQV FDVRV GH GHPrQFLD RX GH UHWDUGR PHQWDO HP
TXDGURV GH GHOLULXP FRP VLQWRPDV SVLFyWLFRV H HP TXDGURV SVLFyWLFRV FRP LGHDomR GH QDWXUH]D
SHUVHFXWyULD

Ŷ Embotamento afetivo
(PERWDPHQWR DIHWLYR RX GLVWDQFLDPHQWR HPSREUHFLPHQWR HVPDHFLPHQWR HVYD]LDPHQWR
DSODLQDPHQWRDIHWLYRVLJQLILFDGLPLQXLomRGDLQWHQVLGDGHHGDH[FLWDELOLGDGHGRVDIHWRVVHMDPHOHV
SRVLWLYRVRXQHJDWLYRV
1RV HVWDGRV GH GLPLQXLomR GD DIHWLYLGDGH R GRHQWH WRUQDVH LQGLIHUHQWH DR PHLR jV RXWUDV
SHVVRDVHDOJXPDVYH]HVDVLSUySULRVHQGRDH[SUHVVmRHPRFLRQDOEDVWDQWHUHVWULWD3RGHRFRUUHU
DLQGDDQHGRQLDTXHpDSHUGDGDFDSDFLGDGHGHVHQWLUSUD]HU
2 HPERWDPHQWR DIHWLYR RFRUUH SULQFLSDOPHQWH QD HVTXL]RIUHQLD ± HP HVSHFLDO QDV IRUPDV
KHEHIUrQLFDHUHVLGXDO±QRVWUDQVWRUQRVGHSHUVRQDOLGDGHHVTXL]RWtSLFDHHVTXL]RLGHQDGHPrQFLD
DYDQoDGD HP DOJXQV FDVRV GH UHWDUGR PHQWDO QR GHOLULXP VHP SVLFRVH QR FRPD QD VtQGURPH GR
ORERIURQWDOHQRWUDQVWRUQRGHHVWUHVVHSyVWUDXPiWLFR
,QGLYtGXRVFRPWUDQVWRUQRGHSHUVRQDOLGDGHDQWLVVRFLDODSUHVHQWDPXPHPERWDPHQWRDIHWLYRPDLV
FLUFXQVFULWRUHODFLRQDGRHVSHFLILFDPHQWHjDQVLHGDGHHDVHQWLPHQWRVGHFXOSD
3RGHRFRUUHUHPERWDPHQWRDIHWLYRPRPHQWkQHRGHFXUWDGXUDomRORJRDSyVXPHYHQWRWUDXPiWLFR
GHJUDQGHPDJQLWXGHFRPRQRWUDQVWRUQRGHHVWUHVVHDJXGRRTXHpFKDPDGRGHHVWXSRUHPRFLRQDO
RXSDUDOLVLDDIHWLYDDJXGD
8PDIRUPDHVSHFLDOGHHPERWDPHQWRDIHWLYRpDPyULDWHUPRFULDGRSRU%UXQVH-DVWURZLW]$
PyULD FDUDFWHUL]DVH SRU XPD DOHJULD YD]LD WROD H SXHULO VHP FRQWH~GR DIHWLYR (OD SRGH VHU
HQFRQWUDGD HP LQGLYtGXRV FRP OHVmR GR ORER IURQWDO QR UHWDUGR PHQWDO QD GHPrQFLD H QD
HVTXL]RIUHQLDKHEHIUrQLFD
6HJXQGRDGHVFULomRGH.XUW6FKQHLGHUDOJXQVSDFLHQWHVHVSHFLDOPHQWHGHSULPLGRVTXHL[DPVH
GH XP VHQWLPHQWR GH IDOWD GH VHQWLPHQWRV H SDUDGR[DOPHQWH VRIUHP HP IXQomR GLVVR 7RGDYLD
QHVVHVFDVRVDH[SHULrQFLDVXEMHWLYDGRLQGLYtGXRHVWiHPGHVDFRUGRFRPDREVHUYDomRREMHWLYDMi
TXHRH[DPLQDGRULGHQWLILFDFODUDPHQWHXPDSUHVHUYDomRGDH[SUHVVLYLGDGHDIHWLYD

Ŷ ALTERAÇÕES QUALITATIVAS3
$V DOWHUDo}HV TXDOLWDWLYDV GD DIHWLYLGDGH SRGHP VHU GLYLGLGDV HP GLVW~UELRV GD PRGXODomR RX
UHJXODomR DIHWLYD H GLVW~UELRV GR FRQWH~GR GRV DIHWRV (QWUH RV GLVW~UELRV GD PRGXODomR DIHWLYD
HVWmR D ODELOLGDGH DIHWLYD D LQFRQWLQrQFLD DIHWLYD H D ULJLGH] DIHWLYD (QWUH RV GLVW~UELRV GR
FRQWH~GRGRVDIHWRVHVWmRDSDUDWLPLDDDPELWLPLDHDQHRWLPLD

Ŷ Labilidade afetiva
$ODELOLGDGHDIHWLYD±WDPEpPFKDPDGDGHLQVWDELOLGDGHRXYROXELOLGDGHDIHWLYD±FRQVWLWXLXPD
GLILFXOGDGHQRFRQWUROHGRVDIHWRV&DUDFWHUL]DVHSRUPXGDQoDVGRKXPRUIUHTXHQWHVHEUXVFDVTXH
VmRLPRWLYDGDVRXLQHVSHUDGDV2VDIHWRVDWLQJHPJUDQGHLQWHQVLGDGHH[DOWDomRDIHWLYDPDVVmRGH
FXUWD GXUDomR 2 HVWDGR DIHWLYR HVWi FRQWLQXDPHQWH RVFLODQGR H Gi YHUGDGHLURV VDOWRV HQWUH RV
GLYHUVRVSRORVDIHWLYRVSRU H[HPSORRKXPRUGRSDFLHQWHSDVVDGLUHWRGDDOHJULDSDUD D WULVWH]D
ORJRDSyVUHWRUQDSDUDDDOHJULDHDVHJXLUSDVVDSDUDDLUULWDELOLGDGH
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Ŷ Comunicação não verbal do afeto

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Ŷ A AFETIVIDADE NOS PRINCIPAIS TRANSTORNOS

MENTAIS

Ŷ Mania
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Ŷ Demência
1D GHPrQFLD WLSLFDPHQWH Ki ODELOLGDGH RX LQFRQWLQrQFLD DIHWLYD PDV WDPEpP SRGH RFRUUHU
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Ŷ Transtornos de ansiedade
1RV WUDQVWRUQRV GH DQVLHGDGH Ki XPD DQVLHGDGH SDWROyJLFD H[DOWDomR DIHWLYD TXH DWLQJH XPD
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Ŷ Transtorno de estresse pós-traumático (TEPT)

1R 7(37 RFRUUHP VLQWRPDV GHSUHVVLYRV H DQVLRVRV DOpP GH LUULWDELOLGDGH PDV WDPEpP SRGH
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Ŷ Transtorno disfórico pré-menstrual (TDPM)

2 7'30 FDUDFWHUL]DVH SHOD SUHVHQoD GH H[DOWDomR DIHWLYD SULQFLSDOPHQWH LUULWDELOLGDGH PDV
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Ŷ CONTRIBUIÇÕES DA PSICANÁLISE

Ŷ Afeto
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Ŷ Ansiedade
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Ŷ Teoria do apego
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Ŷ A função das emoções

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Ŷ Estruturas e regiões cerebrais

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Ŷ O hipotálamo
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D OLEHUDomR GHVVH JOLFRFRUWLFRLGH 'XUDQWH HYHQWRV WUDXPiWLFRV QtYHLV PXLWR HOHYDGRV GH FRUWLVRO
SRGHPGHVWUXLUFpOXODVKLSRFDPSDLVRFDVLRQDQGRXPSUHMXt]RGDPHPyULDH[SOtFLWD

Ŷ O córtex orbitofrontal
$ HVWLPXODomR HOpWULFD GR FyUWH[ RUELWRIURQWDO SURGX] UHVSRVWDV DXWRQ{PLFDV -i OHV}HV QHVVD
PHVPD UHJLmR OHYDP D XPD UHGXomR GD DJUHVVLYLGDGH H GD UHVSRVWD DXWRQ{PLFD (VWXGRV GH
QHXURLPDJHPGHPRQVWUDPXPDXPHQWRGDDWLYLGDGHQRORERIURQWDOGLUHLWRQDFULDQoDTXHpVHSDUDGD
GHVXDPmHHQRDGXOWRTXHUHDJHQHJDWLYDPHQWHDXPILOPH
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2 FyUWH[ RUELWRIURQWDO UHDJH D HVWtPXORV PDLV FRPSOH[RV TXH D DPtJGDOD H HVWi UHODFLRQDGR j
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EDVHDQGRVH QRV UHJLVWURV PQrPLFRV GDV UHVSRVWDV DXWRQ{PLFDV GD HPRomR UHIHUHQWHV D
FLUFXQVWkQFLDVVLPLODUHVDQWHULRUHV

Ŷ A experiência consciente da emoção

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GLYHUVDVHVWUXWXUDVUHODFLRQDGDVjVHPRo}HVFRPRRWiODPRRKLSRWiODPRHDDPtJGDOD$OpPGLVVR
DVLQIRUPDo}HVVREUHDVDOWHUDo}HVYLVFHUDLVHPRWRUDVVmRSHUFHELGDVQRFyUWH[VRPDWRVVHQVRULDO
'H DFRUGR FRP D WHRULD GH -DPHV/DQJH TXH FRQWUDULD R VHQVR FRPXP D GHVFDUJD DXWRQ{PLFD
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GD LQWHQVLGDGH GDV HPRo}HV (VWXGRV UHFHQWHV WrP LQGLFDGR TXH HVWDGRV HPRFLRQDLV GLIHUHQWHV VH
DFRPSDQKDPGHSDGU}HVGLIHUHQWHVGHUHVSRVWDDXWRQ{PLFDHGHQHXURLPDJHPIXQFLRQDO8PDWHRULD
RSRVWDpDGH&DQQRQ%DUGVHJXQGRDTXDODH[SHULrQFLDVXEMHWLYDSUHFHGHDUHVSRVWDILVLROyJLFD
VHQGR DPEDV GHVHQFDGHDGDV SDUDOHODPHQWH SRU HVWtPXORV DPELHQWDLV $OpP GLVVR DV PRGLILFDo}HV
FRUSRUDLV VHULDP EDVLFDPHQWH DV PHVPDV QDV GLYHUVDV HPRo}HV &RPSURYRXVH TXH DQLPDLV TXH
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±DVVLPFRPRFRQVWUyLDVLPDJHQVSHUFHSWLYDVDSDUWLUGRVHVWtPXORVVHQVRULDLVUHODFLRQDQGRHVWHV
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VHMDDVUHVSRVWDVILVLROyJLFDV
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FRQVFLHQWH TXH HVWi UHODFLRQDGD j PHPyULD GH WUDEDOKR >YHU &DS  ± 0HPyULD@ Vy VH Gi QXP
VHJXQGR PRPHQWR TXDQGR FKHJDP DR FyUWH[ DV LQIRUPDo}HV GD DPtJGDOD GDV YtVFHUDV H GRV
P~VFXORVDVVLPFRPRDVLQIRUPDo}HVTXtPLFDV

Ŷ Apego
(P H[SHULrQFLDV FRP DQLPDLV REVHUYRXVH TXH VXEVWkQFLDV HQGyJHQDV FRPR D R[LWRFLQD H D
YDVRSUHVVLQD LQGX]HP R FRPSRUWDPHQWR GH DSHJR $ LQIXVmR GH DJRQLVWDV EHQ]RGLD]HStQLFRV
GLUHWDPHQWH QD DPtJGDOD GLPLQXL R HVWUHVVH GH ILOKRWHV QD VHSDUDomR HQTXDQWR D GH DQWDJRQLVWDV
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±XPDQWDJRQLVWDRSLRLGH±DXPHQWDRFRPSRUWDPHQWRGHUHXQLmRWDQWRQRVILOKRWHVFRPRQDVPmHV
HQTXDQWRDPRUILQDWHPHIHLWRFRQWUiULR

Ŷ Empatia
(PSDWLD p D FDSDFLGDGH GH FRPSUHHQGHU R TXH R RXWUR HVWi VHQWLQGR (VWXGRV GH QHXURLPDJHP
IXQFLRQDOFRPKXPDQRVPRVWUDPTXHTXDQGRXPLQGLYtGXRREVHUYDXPRXWURTXHHVWiVHQWLQGRGRURX
QRMRRXTXHHVWiVHQGRWRFDGRDVPHVPDViUHDVFHUHEUDLVVmRDWLYDGDVHPDPERV*DOOHVH
Ŷ Neuroquímica da ansiedade
2V VLVWHPDV JDEDpUJLFRV QRUDGUHQpUJLFRV H VHURWRQLQpUJLFRV SDUHFHP HVWDU UHODFLRQDGRV j
DQVLHGDGH(VVDVXSRVLomREDVHLDVHHQWUHRXWUDVFRLVDVQRIDWRGHSRVVXtUHPHIHLWRDQVLROtWLFRRV
EHQ]RGLD]HStQLFRV ± TXH DXPHQWDP D DWLYLGDGH GR *$%$ iFLGR JDPDDPLQREXWtULFR ± RV
DQWLGHSUHVVLYRV WULFtFOLFRV ± TXH EORTXHLDP D UHFDSWDomR GD VHURWRQLQD H GD QRUDGUHQDOLQD ± RV
LQLELGRUHVVHOHWLYRVGDUHFDSWDomRGDVHURWRQLQDHDEXVSLURQD±XPDJRQLVWDSDUFLDOGRVUHFHSWRUHV
VHURWRQLQpUJLFRV+7$ 

Ŷ Neuroquímica da depressão
3UDWLFDPHQWH WRGRV RV DQWLGHSUHVVLYRV DXPHQWDP D DWLYLGDGH GDV YLDV QRUDGUHQpUJLFDV
VHURWRQLQpUJLFDV RX GRSDPLQpUJLFDV HP JHUDO EORTXHDQGR D UHFDSWDomR GHVVDV PRQRDPLQDV RX
LQLELQGR D VXD GHJUDGDomR (P IXQomR GLVVR IRL IRUPXODGD D KLSyWHVH GH TXH D GHSUHVVmR HVWDULD
UHODFLRQDGDDXPDGHILFLrQFLDGHQRUDGUHQDOLQDVHURWRQLQDRXGRSDPLQD7RGDYLDHVVDKLSyWHVHWHP
VHPRVWUDGRSRUGHPDLVVLPSOLVWDHKRMHHPGLDDFUHGLWDVHTXHDVDOWHUDo}HVHVWHMDPDRQtYHOGRV
UHFHSWRUHVHGRVVHJXQGRVPHQVDJHLURV$OpPGLVVRUHFHQWHPHQWHIRLVLQWHWL]DGDXPDVXEVWkQFLDD
WLDQHSWLQDTXHDSHVDUGHDXPHQWDUDUHFDSWDomRGHVHURWRQLQDpHILFD]QRWUDWDPHQWRGDGHSUHVVmR

QUADRO 6
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1$9HU48$'52QRILQDOGRFDStWXOR
Ŷ INTRODUÇÃO

Ŷ Definição de orientação
2ULHQWDomRpDFDSDFLGDGHGHVHVLWXDUHPUHODomRDVLPHVPRHDRDPELHQWH1mRpSURSULDPHQWH
XPD IXQomR SVtTXLFD FRQVLVWH GH IDWR QR UHVXOWDGR GRV UHQGLPHQWRV H GD LQWHJUDomR GH GLYHUVDV
IXQo}HVSVtTXLFDV±FRPRDSHUFHSomRDDWHQomRDPHPyULDRSHQVDPHQWRDLQWHOLJrQFLDHRDIHWR
$ RULHQWDomR UHVXOWD HVSHFLDOPHQWH GD DWLYLGDGH GH DSHUFHSomR RX DSUHHQVmR $ DSHUFHSomR
UHSUHVHQWD D FDSDFLGDGH GH UHODFLRQDU HQWUH VL DV SHUFHSo}HV SDUD DOFDQoDU D VLJQLILFDomR GR
FRQWH[WR 3RU H[HPSOR QD WHOD GR WHOHYLVRU YHPRV XP H[WHQVR JUDPDGR FRP DOJXPDV PDUFDo}HV
EUDQFDVHGXDVWUDYHVDOpPGHXPDERODHKRPHQVXQLIRUPL]DGRVFRUUHQGRHDWUDYpVGDDSHUFHSomR
FRQFOXtPRVTXHVHWUDWDGHXPDSDUWLGDGHIXWHERO

Ŷ Tipos de orientação
$RULHQWDomRGLYLGHVHHPDXWRSVtTXLFDHDORSVtTXLFDFODVVLILFDomRHVWDSURSRVWDSRU:HUQLFNH
$RULHQWDomRDXWRSVtTXLFDUHIHUHVHjSUySULDSHVVRDHFRQVLVWHQXPGRVHOHPHQWRVGDFRQVFLrQFLD
GRHX$RULHQWDomRDORSVtTXLFDUHIHUHVHDRPXQGRH[WHUQRHSRGHVHUVXEGLYLGLGDHPRULHQWDomR
WHPSRUDORULHQWDomRHVSDFLDORULHQWDomRTXDQWRjVRXWUDVSHVVRDVHRULHQWDomRVLWXDFLRQDO

Ŷ Orientação no tempo
(VWDURULHQWDGRWHPSRUDOPHQWHVLJQLILFDVDEHURGLDGDVHPDQDRGLDGRPrVRPrVHRDQRHP
TXHVHHVWi$RULHQWDomRWHPSRUDOpDGTXLULGDPDLVWDUGLDPHQWHTXHDHVSDFLDOQRGHVHQYROYLPHQWR
GDFULDQoD
Ŷ Orientação no espaço
(VWDURULHQWDGRHVSDFLDOPHQWHVLJQLILFDVDEHUH[DWDPHQWHRQGHVHHVWi±SRUH[HPSORVHHVWLYHU
LQWHUQDGRVDEHUTXHVHHVWiQXPKRVSLWDOHRQRPHGHVWH±LQFOXLQGRDUXDREDLUURDFLGDGHHWF

Ŷ Orientação quanto às outras pessoas

(VWDU RULHQWDGR TXDQWR jV RXWUDV SHVVRDV VLJQLILFD SRGHU UHFRQKHFrODV LGHQWLILFiODV
FRUUHWDPHQWH

Ŷ Orientação situacional
(VWDURULHQWDGRTXDQWRjVLWXDomRVLJQLILFDVDEHUDUD]mRSHODTXDOVHHVWiHPGHWHUPLQDGROXJDUH
TXHWLSRGHUHODomRVHWHP FRPDVSHVVRDV DOL SUHVHQWHV3RU H[HPSORR LQGLYtGXRVDEHU TXHHVWi
QXPKRVSLWDOFRPRSDFLHQWH H TXHHVWiVHQGRH[DPLQDGRSRUXPPpGLFR$RULHQWDomR VLWXDFLRQDO
HVWi HVWUHLWDPHQWH UHODFLRQDGD FRP DV RXWUDV IRUPDV GH RULHQWDomR DORSVtTXLFD H WDPEpP FRP D
RULHQWDomRDXWRSVtTXLFD

Ŷ ALTERAÇÕES DA ORIENTAÇÃO ALOPSÍQUICA

2VFRPSRQHQWHVGDRULHQWDomRQmRVmRQHFHVVDULDPHQWHDIHWDGRVGHIRUPDXQLIRUPH$RULHQWDomR
DXWRSVtTXLFD SRGH HVWDU DOWHUDGD H D DORSVtTXLFD SUHVHUYDGD H YLFHYHUVD 0HVPR GHQWUR GD
RULHQWDomR DORSVtTXLFD RV GLVW~UELRV SRGHP VHU GHVLJXDLV RULHQWDomR HVSDFLDO QRUPDO FRP
RULHQWDomRWHPSRUDOSUHMXGLFDGDSRUH[HPSOR
8P GLVW~UELR GD RULHQWDomR SRGH VHU SDUFLDO RX WRWDO 1D RULHQWDomR WHPSRUDO SRU H[HPSOR R
GLVW~UELRpSDUFLDOVHRSDFLHQWHVDEHRPrVHRDQRPDVQmRVDEHRGLDGRPrVRXRGLDGDVHPDQD
eWRWDOHHPSULQFtSLRPDLVJUDYHVHDWpRDQRpGHVFRQKHFLGRSHORLQGLYtGXR
9LDGHUHJUDDRULHQWDomRQRWHPSRDOWHUDVHPDLVSUHFRFHPHQWHTXHDHVSDFLDO$RULHQWDomRQR
WHPSRpPDLVIUiJLOSRLVGHPDQGDXPDDGDSWDomRTXHSUHFLVDVHUFRQVWDQWHPHQWHUHQRYDGD
1D SUiWLFD D RULHQWDomR DORSVtTXLFD QmR VH DOWHUD SULPDULDPHQWH RV GLVW~UELRV GD RULHQWDomR
DORSVtTXLFDVmRVHPSUHRUHVXOWDGRGRFRPSURPHWLPHQWRGHRXWUDVIXQo}HVSVtTXLFDV
$VDOWHUDo}HVGDRULHQWDomRDORSVtTXLFDSRGHPVHUGLYLGLGDVHPTXDQWLWDWLYDVGHVRULHQWDo}HVH
TXDOLWDWLYDVIDOVDVRULHQWDo}HV
Ŷ ALTERAÇÕES QUANTITATIVAS
$ GHVRULHQWDomR DORSVtTXLFD PXLWDV YH]HV VH DFRPSDQKD GH SHUSOH[LGDGH GH YLYrQFLDV GH
HVWUDQKH]D ± GH QmR IDPLOLDULGDGH ± HP UHODomR DR PXQGR H[WHUQR FRPR DFRQWHFH QD VtQGURPH GH
GHVUHDOL]DomR2LQGLYtGXRQmRFRQVHJXHDSUHHQGHUSOHQDPHQWHDVLQIRUPDo}HVVHQVRSHUFHSWLYDVD
DWLYLGDGHGHDSHUFHSomRHVWiSUHMXGLFDGD
$V GHVRULHQWDo}HV SRGHP VHU FODVVLILFDGDV GH DFRUGR FRP D DOWHUDomR SVLFRSDWROyJLFD
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HVWUHLWDPHQWRGDFRQVFLrQFLD

Ŷ Desorientação confusional
$ GHVRULHQWDomR FRQIXVLRQDO HVWi UHODFLRQDGD D XP UHEDL[DPHQWR GR QtYHO GD FRQVFLrQFLD H
FRQVHTXHQWHPHQWHDXPSUHMXt]RGDDWHQomRHGDVGHPDLVIXQo}HVFRJQLWLYDV2FRUUHQRGHOLULXP

Ŷ Desorientação amnéstica
$ GHVRULHQWDomR DPQpVWLFD HVWi UHODFLRQDGD D XP SUHMXt]R GD PHPyULD SULQFLSDOPHQWH GD
FDSDFLGDGH GH IL[DomR 2FRUUH QR WUDQVWRUQR DPQpVWLFR H QDV GHPrQFLDV H DLQGD QRV WUDQVWRUQRV
GLVVRFLDWLYRVFRPRDDPQpVLDSVLFRJrQLFD

Ŷ Desorientação apática
$ GHVRULHQWDomR DSiWLFD HVWi UHODFLRQDGD D XP SUHMXt]R TXDQWLWDWLYR GR DIHWR RX GD FRQDomR 2
SDFLHQWHQmRVHVLWXDHPUHODomRDRPXQGRH[WHUQRHPIXQomRGHGHVLQWHUHVVH2FRUUHQRVTXDGURV
HVTXL]RIUrQLFRVHPTXHSUHGRPLQDPRVVLQWRPDVQHJDWLYRVHQDGHSUHVVmR

Ŷ Desorientação delirante
8P H[HPSOR GH GHVRULHQWDomR GHOLUDQWH VHULD R GD VtQGURPH GH &DSJUDV >YHU &DS  ±
3HQVDPHQWR ,, GHOtULR@ 1HVWD R SDFLHQWH QmR UHFRQKHFH XP IDPLOLDU RX DPLJR FRPR WDO
DFUHGLWDQGRTXHRPHVPRIRLVXEVWLWXtGRSRUXPVyVLDILVLFDPHQWHLGrQWLFR$VtQGURPHGH&DSJUDV
SRGHVHUFRQVLGHUDGDXPDIRUPDGHMDPDLVYX>YHU&DS±0HPyULD@(ODRFRUUHQDHVTXL]RIUHQLD
HPWUDQVWRUQRVDIHWLYRVHRUJkQLFRVSVLFyWLFRVHQRWUDQVWRUQRGHOLUDQWH
$GHVRULHQWDomRDPQpVWLFDDDSiWLFDHDGHOLUDQWHIRUDPGHVFULWDVSRU.UDHSHOLQ
Ŷ Desorientação por déficit intelectivo
8P GpILFLW LQWHOHFWLYR FRPR RFRUUH QD GHPrQFLD H QR UHWDUGR PHQWDO GLILFXOWD D DSUHHQVmR GR
PXQGRH[WHUQRHSRGHFDXVDUGHVRULHQWDomR

Ŷ Desorientação por estreitamento da consciência

1DGHVRULHQWDomRSRUHVWUHLWDPHQWRGDFRQVFLrQFLDDDOWHUDomRTXDOLWDWLYDGDDWHQomRSUHMXGLFDD
DSUHHQVmRGRPXQGRH[WHUQR,VVRpREVHUYDGRQRVHVWDGRVFUHSXVFXODUHVHSLOpSWLFRHKLVWpULFR

Ŷ ALTERAÇÕES QUALITATIVAS
$V IDOVDV RULHQWDo}HV SRGHP VHU FODVVLILFDGDV GH DFRUGR FRP D DOWHUDomR SVLFRSDWROyJLFD
FRQVLGHUDGD SULPiULD HP FRQIXVRRQLURLGH SDUDPQpVWLFD GHOLUDQWH H SRU HVWUHLWDPHQWR GD
FRQVFLrQFLD

Ŷ Falsa orientação confuso-oniroide

1DIDOVDRULHQWDomRFRQIXVRRQLURLGHTXHRFRUUHQRVTXDGURVGHGHOLULXPDOpPGRUHEDL[DPHQWR
GR QtYHO GH FRQVFLrQFLD Ki GLVW~UELRV VHQVRSHUFHSWLYRV (VWHV OHYDP R SDFLHQWH SRU H[HPSOR D
DFUHGLWDUTXHHVWiHPFDVDTXDQGRQDYHUGDGHVHHQFRQWUDQRKRVSLWDORXDFRQIXQGLURPpGLFRFRP
XPIDPLOLDUVHX

Ŷ Falsa orientação paramnéstica

1DIDOVDRULHQWDomRSDUDPQpVWLFDDOpPGHGHVRULHQWDomRDPQpVWLFDKiXPDIDOVDRULHQWDomRTXH
VXUJH HP IXQomR GH XPD IDEXODomR >YHU &DS ± 0HPyULD@ ,VVR p HQFRQWUDGR QD GHPrQFLD H QR
WUDQVWRUQRDPQpVWLFR

Ŷ Falsa orientação delirante

1D IDOVD RULHQWDomR GHOLUDQWH D RULHQWDomR YHUGDGHLUD p VXEVWLWXtGD SRU XPD IDOVD GH QDWXUH]D
GHOLUDQWH3RUH[HPSORRSDFLHQWHGHVFRQKHFHTXHHVWiQRKRVSLWDOHDILUPDTXHHVWiQRFpX
$OWHUQDWLYDPHQWHDIDOVDRULHQWDomRSRGHFRH[LVWLUFRPDYHUGDGHLUDRTXHFRQVWLWXLXPDGXSOD
RULHQWDomR3RUH[HPSORRSDFLHQWHVDEHTXHHVWiQRKRVSLWDOPDVDFUHGLWDTXHDRPHVPRWHPSRVH
HQFRQWUDQRFpX(VVHIHQ{PHQRSRGHVHUREVHUYDGRQDHVTXL]RIUHQLD
8P FDVR HVSHFLDO GH IDOVD RULHQWDomR GHOLUDQWH p D VtQGURPH GH )UHJROL >YHU &DS  ±
3HQVDPHQWR,,GHOtULR@2SDFLHQWHLGHQWLILFDLQFRUUHWDPHQWHXPDSHVVRDIDPLOLDUHPXPHVWUDQKR
HPERUDUHFRQKHFHQGRTXHHVWHpILVLFDPHQWHGLIHUHQWHGDSHVVRDTXHOKHpSUy[LPD$VtQGURPHGH
)UHJROLSDUHFHHVWDUUHODFLRQDGDDRIHQ{PHQRFRQKHFLGRFRPRGpMDYX>YHU&DS±0HPyULD@ $
WtWXOR GH FXULRVLGDGH )UHJROL QmR IRL R SVLTXLDWUD TXH GHVFUHYHX D VtQGURPH PDV VLP XP DWRU
LWDOLDQRTXHHUDIDPRVRSRUVXDFDSDFLGDGHGHPXGDUUDSLGDPHQWHGHPDTXLDJHPHURXSDVGXUDQWH
VXDVDSUHVHQWDo}HV

Ŷ Falsa orientação por estreitamento da consciência

1DIDOVDRULHQWDomRSRUHVWUHLWDPHQWRGDFRQVFLrQFLDRSDFLHQWHHVWiWmRDGHULGRDGHWHUPLQDGDV
YLYrQFLDV LQWHUQDV HP GHWULPHQWR GD SHUFHSomR GR PXQGR H[WHUQR TXH HVVDV YLYrQFLDV SRGHP VHU
XWLOL]DGDVHUURQHDPHQWHFRPRUHIHUrQFLDSDUDDRULHQWDomRDORSVtTXLFD8PH[HPSORSDUWLFXODUpR
GRIHQ{PHQRGDHFPQpVLD>YHU&DS±0HPyULD@HPTXHRSDFLHQWHVHFRPSRUWDFRPRVHHVWLYHVVH
YLYHQGR HP XPD RXWUD pSRFD GH VXD YLGD (VVD IRUPD GH IDOVD RULHQWDomR RFRUUH QRV HVWDGRV
FUHSXVFXODUHVHSLOpSWLFRHKLVWpULFR

Ŷ O EXAME DA ORIENTAÇÃO ALOPSÍQUICA

Ŷ Interrogatório
$ RULHQWDomR DORSVtTXLFD p IDFLOPHQWH DYDOLDGD VROLFLWDQGRVH DR SDFLHQWH TXH QRV GLJD D GDWD
FRUUHQWHTXHLGHQWLILTXHRORFDOGDHQWUHYLVWDHDVSHVVRDVSUHVHQWHVHTXHQRVIDOHDUD]mRGHHOH
HVWDUDOL(VVDVSHUJXQWDVSRGHPWRUQDUVHGHVQHFHVViULDVVHRFRPSRUWDPHQWRGRSDFLHQWHGXUDQWHD
HQWUHYLVWD H R PRGR FRPR HOH ID] R UHODWR GH VXD KLVWyULD LQGLFDUHP GH IRUPD FODUD TXH HOH HVWi
SOHQDPHQWH RULHQWDGR 3DFLHQWHV TXH YmR VR]LQKRV j FRQVXOWD PpGLFD H FKHJDP QR KRUiULR FHUWR
SURYDYHOPHQWHHVWmREHPRULHQWDGRV

Ŷ Expressão fisionômica
8PDIiFLHVTXHH[SUHVVDSHUSOH[LGDGHLQGLFDGHVRULHQWDomR
Ŷ Orientação temporal
2 IDWR GH R SDFLHQWH FRQVHJXLU RUGHQDU FURQRORJLFDPHQWH DV LQIRUPDo}HV TXH HOH SUHVWD
HVSHFLDOPHQWHDVPDLVUHFHQWHVLQGLFDXPDSUHVHUYDomRGDRULHQWDomRQRWHPSR8PHUURGHXPRX
GRLVGLDVTXDQWRjGDWDpFRQVLGHUDGRQRUPDO0DVXPHUURJURVVHLURDRLQIRUPDUDSUySULDLGDGH
SRGHVLJQLILFDUXPDGHVRULHQWDomRQRWHPSR$RILQDOGDHQWUHYLVWDSRGHVHSHGLUDRSDFLHQWHTXH
IDoDXPDHVWLPDWLYDGHTXDQWRWHPSRVHSDVVRXGHVGHRVHXLQtFLR

Ŷ Orientação espacial
3DUD XPD DYDOLDomR PDLV SUHFLVD GD RULHQWDomR HVSDFLDO SRGHVH SHUJXQWDU SRU H[HPSOR TXH
FDPLQKRRSDFLHQWHIDULDSDUDYROWDUGRKRVSLWDOSDUDDVXDFDVD'HYHVHFRQVLGHUDUVHRORFDORQGH
VH HQFRQWUD R SDFLHQWH HUD SUHYLDPHQWH FRQKHFLGR SRU HOH (VWDU HVSDFLDOPHQWH GHVRULHQWDGR QD
SUySULDFDVDpEHPPDLVJUDYHGRTXHQXPDHQIHUPDULDHPTXHHOHHVWiFKHJDQGRSHODSULPHLUDYH]

Ŷ Orientação quanto à situação e às outras pessoas

eLPSRUWDQWHREVHUYDUVHRSDFLHQWHVHFRPSRUWDFRPRVHHVWLYHVVHHQWHQGHQGRRTXHVHSDVVDj
VXDYROWDHREVHUYDUFRPRHOHVHUHODFLRQDFRPVHXVIDPLOLDUHVVHSDUHFHUHFRQKHFrORVFRPRWDLV

Ŷ A ORIENTAÇÃO ALOPSÍQUICA NOS PRINCIPAIS

TRANSTORNOS MENTAIS

Ŷ Demência
1DGHPrQFLDDRULHQWDomRWHPSRUDOpQDPDLRULDGDVYH]HVDPDLVSUHFRFHPHQWHSHUGLGD&RPR
DYDQoRGRTXDGURVmRVXFHVVLYDPHQWHDWLQJLGDVDRULHQWDomRVLWXDFLRQDODHVSDFLDOHSRU~OWLPRD
DXWRSVtTXLFD 3RGHPRFRUUHUIDOVDVRULHQWDo}HV IDEXODWyULDV $ GHVRULHQWDomR GHYHVH EDVLFDPHQWH
DRVGpILFLWVPQrPLFRHLQWHOHFWLYR+iXPDGLILFXOGDGHHPDYDOLDUDSDVVDJHPGRWHPSR

Ŷ Transtorno amnéstico
1R WUDQVWRUQR DPQpVWLFR RFRUUH GHVRULHQWDomR DPQpVWLFD H IDOVDV RULHQWDo}HV IDEXODWyULDV (VWi
SUHMXGLFDGDDRULHQWDomRDORSVtTXLFDFRPSUHVHUYDomRGDDXWRSVtTXLFD
Ŷ Delirium
1R GHOLULXP Ki GHVRULHQWDomR FRQIXVLRQDO RX IDOVDV RULHQWDo}HV FRQIXVRRQLURLGHV (VWi
SUHMXGLFDGDDRULHQWDomRDORSVtTXLFDFRPSUHVHUYDomRGDDXWRSVtTXLFD

Ŷ Esquizofrenia
1RV TXDGURV SDUDQRLGHV GD HVTXL]RIUHQLD SRGH KDYHU IDOVDV RULHQWDo}HV GHOLUDQWHV GXSOD
RULHQWDomR GHOLUDQWH ± XPD GXSOD FURQRORJLD RX XPD GXSOD ORFDOL]DomR QR HVSDoR ± H PDLV
UDUDPHQWH D VtQGURPH GH &DSJUDV 1RV TXDGURV DSiWLFRDE~OLFRV REVHUYDVH XPD GHVRULHQWDomR
DSiWLFD3RGHKDYHUDLQGDXPDUHLILFDomRGRWHPSRLVWRpHVWHpWUDWDGRQmRFRPRXPFRQFHLWRPDV
FRPRXPDHQWLGDGHFRQFUHWD

Ŷ Mania
$SDVVDJHPGRWHPSRpSHUFHELGDFRPRDFHOHUDGDQDPDQLD

Ŷ Depressão
2SDFLHQWHVHQWHRWHPSRSDVVDUYDJDURVDPHQWHQDGHSUHVVmR2FRUUHXPDGHVRULHQWDomRDSiWLFD

Ŷ Intoxicação por alucinógenos

6XEVWkQFLDV FRPR R /6' H D PHVFDOLQD SRGHP DOWHUDU D VHQVDomR GD SDVVDJHP GR WHPSR TXH
SDUHFHPDLVDFHOHUDGDRXDOHQWHFLGD

Ŷ Retardo mental
1RUHWDUGRPHQWDORFRUUHGHVRULHQWDomRSRUGpILFLWLQWHOHFWLYR2SDFLHQWHSRGHQmRVHUFDSD]GH
FRPSUHHQGHUFRQFHLWRVVLPSOHVFRPRWHPSRRQWHPDPDQKmPrVDQRHWF

Ŷ Transtornos dissociativos
1RVTXDGURVGHDPQpVLDHWUDQVHSVLFRJrQLFRVSRGHPRFRUUHUWDQWRDOWHUDo}HVTXDQWLWDWLYDVFRPR
TXDOLWDWLYDV GD RULHQWDomR DORSVtTXLFD 2 SDGUmR SRGH VHU EHP GLIHUHQWH GR TXH VH HQFRQWUD QRV
TXDGURV GH HWLRORJLD RUJkQLFD SRU H[HPSOR GHVRULHQWDomR DXWRSVtTXLFD FRP SUHVHUYDomR GD
RULHQWDomRDORSVtTXLFD
Ŷ Epilepsia
1RV HVWDGRV FUHSXVFXODUHV HSLOpSWLFRV SRGH RFRUUHU GHVRULHQWDomR DORSVtTXLFD )DOVDV
RULHQWDo}HVSRGHPHVWDUSUHVHQWHVHVSHFLDOPHQWHVHRFRUUHPYLYrQFLDVGHOLUDQWHVRXDOXFLQDWyULDV

Ŷ CONTRIBUIÇÕES DAS NEUROCIÊNCIAS

Ŷ Córtex parietal e parietoccipital

$iUHDDVVRFLDWLYDWHUFLiULDGRORERSDULHWDOSRVWHULRUHRFyUWH[SDULHWRFFLSLWDOHVSHFLDOPHQWH
GRKHPLVIpULRGLUHLWRSHUPLWHPDORFDOL]DomRQRHVSDoRGHWRGDVDVSDUWHVGRFRUSRDVVLPFRPRGR
TXHFHUFDRFRUSR/HV}HVQHVVDViUHDVSRGHPOHYDUDXPDGHVRULHQWDomRH[FOXVLYDPHQWHHVSDFLDO

Ŷ Reconhecimento de faces
$ FDSDFLGDGH SDUD UHFRQKHFHU IDFHV SURVRSRJQRVLD HVWi UHODFLRQDGD DR KHPLVIpULR GLUHLWR
SDUWLFXODUPHQWHDXPDiUHDTXHFRPSUHHQGHDVVXSHUItFLHVLQIHURPHGLDLVGRVORERVRFFLSLWDLVHDV
VXSHUItFLHVYHQWURPHGLDLVGRORERVWHPSRUDLV

Ŷ Ritmos biológicos
9iULDVPRGLILFDo}HVGRVQRVVRVRUJDQLVPRVRFRUUHPGHDFRUGRFRPSHUtRGRVGHILQLGRVULWPRV
FLUFDGLDQRV D YDULDomR GLiULD GD WHPSHUDWXUD FRUSRUDO H GD VHFUHomR GR KRUP{QLR
DGUHQRFRUWLFRWUySLFRHRFLFORVRQRYLJtOLDFLFORVPHQVDLVRFLFORPHQVWUXDOYDULDo}HVVD]RQDLV
DVHVWDo}HVGRDQRHDVGLYHUVDVHWDSDVGDYLGDGDLQIkQFLDjYHOKLFH2Q~FOHRVXSUDTXLDVPiWLFR
GRKLSRWiODPRHVWiHQYROYLGRQDUHJXODomRGRVULWPRVFLUFDGLDQRV
7RGRVHVVHVULWPRVELROyJLFRVSDUHFHPVHULPSRUWDQWHVSDUDDVD~GHPHQWDOHHVWDUUHODFLRQDGRVD
DOJXPDV IRUPDV GH DGRHFLPHQWR 3RU H[HPSOR QD GHSUHVVmR RV VLQWRPDV SLRUDP GH PDQKm Ki
LQV{QLDWHUPLQDOHUHGXomRGDODWrQFLDGRVRQR5(0HPDOJXQVSDFLHQWHVRVHSLVyGLRVGHSUHVVLYRV
VmRPDLVFRPXQVQRLQYHUQRHQDVPXOKHUHVRVVLQWRPDVDIHWLYRVWHQGHPDVXUJLURXVHDJUDYDUQR
SHUtRGRSUpPHQVWUXDOVHQGRRVHSLVyGLRVGHSUHVVLYRVPDLVIUHTXHQWHVQDIDL[DHWiULDTXHYDLGRV
DRVDQRV
Ŷ INTRODUÇÃO

Ŷ O que é a consciência do eu
$YLQFXODomRDRHXpXPDTXDOLGDGHLQHUHQWHDWRGDVDVYLYrQFLDVSVtTXLFDVQRUPDLV
$FRQVFLrQFLDGRHXUHSUHVHQWDDSURSULHGDGHSVtTXLFDDWUDYpVGDTXDO³RHXVHID]FRQVFLHQWHGH
VLPHVPR´-DVSHUV&RQWUDS}HVHjFRQVFLrQFLDGRVREMHWRV$EUDQJHWDQWRXPHXSVtTXLFR
FRPRXPHXFRUSRUDOTXHQDYHUGDGHVmRLQGLVVRO~YHLVHLQWHJUDPXP~QLFRHDXWrQWLFRHX

Ŷ As características da consciência do eu
-DVSHUVGHVFUHYHXTXDWURFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVGDFRQVFLrQFLDGRHXDFRQVFLrQFLDGDDWLYLGDGHGRHXD
FRQVFLrQFLDGDXQLGDGHGRHXDFRQVFLrQFLDGDLGHQWLGDGHGRHXHDFRQVFLrQFLDGRHXHPRSRVLomR
DR H[WHULRU H DRV RXWURV RX FRQVFLrQFLD GRV OLPLWHV GR HX . 6FKQHLGHU DFUHVFHQWRX XPD TXLQWD
FDUDFWHUtVWLFD D FRQVFLrQFLD GD H[LVWrQFLD GR HX TXH -DVSHUV LQFOXLX FRPR XP VXEWLSR GD
FRQVFLrQFLDGDDWLYLGDGHGRHX

Ŷ A consciência da existência do eu
$FRQVFLrQFLDGDH[LVWrQFLDGRHX±GHQRPLQDGDSRU6FKDUIHWWHUFRQVFLrQFLDGDYLWDOLGDGH
GR HX ± p D FRQVFLrQFLD GH HVWDU YLYR GH H[LVWLU SOHQDPHQWH GH HVWDU ILVLFDPHQWH SUHVHQWH (VWi
UHODFLRQDGDDRVVHQWLPHQWRVYLWDLV

Ŷ A consciência da atividade do eu
$ FRQVFLrQFLD GD DWLYLGDGH GR HX ± WDPEpP FKDPDGD GH FRQVFLrQFLD GD DXWRQRPLD GR HX RX
FRQVFLrQFLDGHH[HFXomRGRHX±pDFRQVFLrQFLDGHTXHWRGDVDVQRVVDVYLYrQFLDV±SHQVDPHQWRV
VHQWLPHQWRV Do}HV MXt]RV SHUFHSo}HV UHFRUGDo}HV HWF ± SHUWHQFHP D QyV HPDQDP GH QyV H VmR
UHDOL]DGDVSRUQyVPHVPRVeDFRQVFLrQFLDGHVHURVXMHLWRGDVSUySULDVYLYrQFLDV
Ŷ A consciência da unidade do eu
$FRQVFLrQFLDGDXQLGDGHGRHXpDFRQVFLrQFLDGHTXHHPGHWHUPLQDGRPRPHQWRRHXp~QLFR
LQWHLURHLQGLYLVtYHO(VWiUHODFLRQDGDDXPDTXDOLGDGHGHFRHUrQFLDHGHFRRUGHQDomRH[HUFLGDSHOR
HXDTXLORTXHIDoRpUHVXOWDGRGRTXHSHQVHLRXGHVHMHL

Ŷ A consciência da identidade do eu
$ FRQVFLrQFLD GD LGHQWLGDGH GR HX p D FRQVFLrQFLD GH VHU R PHVPR QD VXFHVVmR GR WHPSR e R
VHQWLPHQWR GH GXUDQWH WRGD D YLGD H QDV PDLV GLYHUVDV VLWXDo}HV WHU VLGR VHPSUH LGrQWLFR D VL
SUySULR DSHVDU GDV LQFHVVDQWHV H QDWXUDLV PXGDQoDV GH PXLWRV DVSHFWRV GD SHUVRQDOLGDGH (VWi
UHODFLRQDGD D XPD TXDOLGDGH GH FRQWLQXLGDGH $EDUFD D RULHQWDomR DXWRSVtTXLFD VDEHU R SUySULR
QRPHLGDGHSURILVVmRHVWDGRFLYLOHQGHUHoRHWF

Ŷ A consciência dos limites do eu

$FRQVFLrQFLDGRVOLPLWHVGRHXpDFRQVFLrQFLDGDGLVWLQomRHQWUHRHXHRQmRHXGDVHSDUDomR
HQWUH R HX H R DPELHQWH &RQVLVWH HP HVWDEHOHFHU XPD FODUD GHPDUFDomR HQWUH R QRVVR FRUSR H RV
REMHWRVGRPXQGRH[WHUQRHHQWUHDVQRVVDVYLYrQFLDVHDVYLYrQFLDVGDVRXWUDVSHVVRDV

Ŷ ALTERAÇÕES DA CONSCIÊNCIA DO EU
1D SUiWLFD p IUHTXHQWH TXH XP PHVPR VLQWRPD HQYROYD PDLV GH XPD GDV FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV GD
FRQVFLrQFLDGRHX3RUWDQWRDVXEGLYLVmRHPDOWHUDo}HVGDFRQVFLrQFLDGDH[LVWrQFLDGDDWLYLGDGH
GDXQLGDGHGDLGHQWLGDGHHGRVOLPLWHVGRHXDWHQGHEDVLFDPHQWHDILQVGLGiWLFRV
2V SDFLHQWHV YLYHQFLDP DV DOWHUDo}HV GD FRQVFLrQFLD GR HX FRPR DOJR FRQFUHWR H UHDO QmR VH
H[SUHVVDPQXPVHQWLGRPHUDPHQWHPHWDIyULFR³FRPRVH´

Ŷ ALTERAÇÕES QUANTITATIVAS

Ŷ Alterações da consciência da existência do eu

$ FRQVFLrQFLD GD H[LVWrQFLD GR HX SRGH HVWDU GLPLQXtGD R SDFLHQWH VH TXHL[D GH TXH VXDV
VHQVDo}HV FRUSyUHDV VHXV VHQWLPHQWRV VXDV UHFRUGDo}HV RX VXD PRWLYDomR HVWmR PHQRV LQWHQVRV
,VVRHVWiUHODFLRQDGRjWULVWH]DYLWDOTXHRFRUUHQDGHSUHVVmR
$FRQVFLrQFLDGDH[LVWrQFLDGRHXSRGHHVWDUDEROLGDRSDFLHQWHDILUPDTXHQmRH[LVWHPDLV±RX
TXH QXQFD H[LVWLX ± TXH QmR HVWi YLYR (VVH IHQ{PHQR HVWi UHODFLRQDGR D XP GHOtULR GH QHJDomR
HQFRQWUDGRQDVtQGURPHGH&RWDUGTXHRFRUUHQDGHSUHVVmRHQDHVTXL]RIUHQLD
$ FRQVFLrQFLD GD H[LVWrQFLD GR HX SRGH HVWDU DXPHQWDGD HP IXQomR GH XPD H[DFHUEDomR GR
VHQWLPHQWRYLWDOTXHVHREVHUYDQDVtQGURPHPDQtDFD

Ŷ Desorientação autopsíquica
$GHVRULHQWDomRDXWRSVtTXLFDFRQVLVWHHPXPDGLPLQXLomRRXSHUGDGDFRQVFLrQFLDGDLGHQWLGDGH
GR HX 1D GHVRULHQWDomR DXWRSVtTXLFD WRWDO R SDFLHQWH QmR VDEH PDLV TXHP p GHVFRQKHFH DWp R
SUySULRQRPH,VVRRFRUUHQRWUDQVWRUQRGLVVRFLDWLYRFRQKHFLGRFRPRDPQpVLDSVLFRJrQLFDHDLQGD
HPTXDGURVGHPHQFLDLVH[WUHPDPHQWHDYDQoDGRV1DGHVRULHQWDomRDXWRSVtTXLFDSDUFLDORSDFLHQWH
SRGH SRU H[HPSOR OHPEUDUVH GR SUySULR QRPH PDV QmR VDEHU VXD LGDGH 7DO VLWXDomR SRGH VHU
HQFRQWUDGDQDDPQpVLDSVLFRJrQLFDQDGHPrQFLDQRGHOLULXPHQRUHWDUGRPHQWDO

Ŷ ALTERAÇÕES QUALITATIVAS

Ŷ Alterações da consciência da atividade do eu

4XDQGRDFRQVFLrQFLDGDDWLYLGDGHGRHXHVWiDOWHUDGDRSDFLHQWHWRUQDVHXPPHURREVHUYDGRU
SDVVLYRGHVXDVYLYrQFLDVSVtTXLFDVDVTXDLVQmRUHFRQKHFHFRPRSUySULDV2TXHSHQVDVHQWHID]
RXTXHUpLPSRVWRRXFRQWURODGRSRURXWUDVSHVVRDVRXSRUDOJXPDIRUoDH[WHUQDRTXHFDUDFWHUL]DRV
GHOtULRVGHLQIOXrQFLD2SDFLHQWHVHQWHVHFRPRXPIDQWRFKHDFUHGLWDHVWDUVHQGRWHOHJXLDGR6HQWH
WHU SHUGLGR D DXWRQRPLD VREUH VHX FRUSR H VXD PHQWH +i FRPXPHQWH XPD LGHDomR GHOLUDQWH
SHUVHFXWyULD DVVRFLDGD R SDFLHQWH HP JHUDO MXOJDVH YtWLPD GD DomR PDOLJQD GH RXWURV DWUDYpV GH
KLSQRVHWHOHSDWLDPDFXPEDPDJLDRQGDVHOHWURPDJQpWLFDVVDWpOLWHVWHOHYLVmRHWF
6mR H[HPSORV GH DOWHUDo}HV GD FRQVFLrQFLD GD DWLYLGDGH GR HX LPSRVLomR RX LQVHUomR GR
SHQVDPHQWR±TXHFRUUHVSRQGHjYLYrQFLDGHSHQVDPHQWRVIHLWRVRXIDEULFDGRVFRORFDGRVHP VXD
PHQWH LQGHSHQGHQWHPHQWH GH VXD YRQWDGH ± URXER RX VXEWUDomR GR SHQVDPHQWR ± R SDFLHQWH
DFUHGLWD TXH VHXV SHQVDPHQWRV IRUDP UHWLUDGRV GH VXD PHQWH ± VHQVDo}HV FRUSRUDLV DOXFLQDo}HV
FHQHVWpVLFDV LPSRVWDV LQWHUFHSWDomR FLQpWLFD ± R PRYLPHQWR SDUD QR PHLR RX QHP VH LQLFLD ±
LQWHUFHSWDomR GD DWHQomR RX IUXVWUDomR GR REMHWLYR ± R SDFLHQWH QmR FRQVHJXH GLULJLU
YROXQWDULDPHQWH VXD DWHQomR SDUD GHWHUPLQDGR REMHWR ± H VHQWLPHQWRV GHVHMRV H Do}HV PRWRUDV
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HVWDGRVGHSRVVHVVmR(VWHVFRQVWLWXHPTXDGURVGLVVRFLDWLYRVGHQDWXUH]DKLVWpULFDQRVTXDLVRHX
QRUPDOFRPRTXHVHUHWLUD GHL[DQGRRSRVWRSDUDRLQYDVRUXPHVStULWR RGHP{QLRHWF3RGHVH
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LGHQWLGDGHGRHX
2V GLVW~UELRV GD FRQVFLrQFLD GD DWLYLGDGH GR HX ± TXH SRGHP VHU GHQRPLQDGRV IHQ{PHQRV GH
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GDFRQVFLrQFLDGRVOLPLWHVGRHX

Ŷ Alterações da consciência da unidade do eu

4XDQGRDFRQVFLrQFLDGDXQLGDGHGRHXHVWiFRPSURPHWLGDRLQGLYtGXRYLYHQFLDXPDGLYLVmRGR
VHX HX HP GXDV RX PDLV SDUWHV DV TXDLV H[LVWHP GH IRUPD VLPXOWkQHD SRUpP FRQIOLWXRVD QmR
KDUP{QLFDRXHQWmRHOHVHQWHVHUGXDVRXPDLVSHVVRDVDRPHVPRWHPSR8PH[HPSORGRSULPHLUR
FDVR p R GH XP SDFLHQWH TXH DR VHU SHUJXQWDGR VREUH FRPR HVWDYD SDVVDQGR UHVSRQGHX ³2 PHX
ODGRGLUHLWRHVWiIHOL]PDVRHVTXHUGRHVWiWULVWH´
1RVHVWDGRVGHSRVVHVVmRSRGHKDYHUDOWHUDo}HVGDFRQVFLrQFLDGDXQLGDGHGRHXGHVGHTXHR
LQYDVRUQmRVXEVWLWXDRYHUGDGHLURHXPDVILTXHDRODGRGHVWH1RIHQ{PHQRGDDXWRVFRSLDVyKi
DOWHUDomR GD FRQVFLrQFLD GD XQLGDGH GR HX VH R LQGLYtGXR WHP DOpP GR IHQ{PHQR SHUFHSWLYR D
YLYrQFLDGHXPGHVGREUDPHQWRGRVHXHX
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GXSOD RULHQWDomR DORSVtTXLFD HVWDU HP GRLV OXJDUHV DR PHVPR WHPSR D SDUDWLPLD XPD
GLVFRUGkQFLD HQWUH SHQVDPHQWR H DIHWR D DPELYDOrQFLD DIHWLYD VHQWLPHQWRV RSRVWRV VLPXOWkQHRV
UHODFLRQDGRV D XP PHVPR REMHWR H D DPELWHQGrQFLD LQWHQo}HV FRQWUDGLWyULDV TXH VmR
FRQFRPLWDQWHV
$OWHUDo}HV GD FRQVFLrQFLD GD XQLGDGH GR HX VmR HQFRQWUDGDV EDVLFDPHQWH QD HVTXL]RIUHQLD H
HYHQWXDOPHQWHQDLQWR[LFDomRSRUDOXFLQyJHQRV/6'PHVFDOLQDHWF

Ŷ Alterações da consciência da identidade do eu

4XDQGR D FRQVFLrQFLD GD LGHQWLGDGH GR HX HVWi DOWHUDGD R SDFLHQWH YLYHQFLD XPD SURIXQGD
WUDQVIRUPDomR GH VXD SHUVRQDOLGDGH RX GR VHX FRUSR 6HQWHVH FRPR VH QmR IRVVH PDLV D PHVPD
SHVVRDHVSHFLDOPHQWHHPFRPSDUDomRjSHVVRDTXHHUDDQWHVGRSULPHLURVXUWRSVLFyWLFR(OHSRGH
DFUHGLWDU HP DOJXQV FDVRV TXH D VXD H[LVWrQFLD DQWHULRU IRL QD YHUGDGH YLYLGD SRU RXWUR 3RGH
DFRQWHFHU WDPEpP GH R SDFLHQWH HP IXQomR GH XP GHOtULR DVVXPLU XPD QRYD LGHQWLGDGH HP
VXEVWLWXLomR j DQWHULRU HOH QHJD VHU -RmR GD 6LOYD H DILUPD VHU -HVXV &ULVWR IDOVD RULHQWDomR
GHOLUDQWH
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D VL PHVPR $ GHVSHUVRQDOL]DomR SRGH HVWDU DVVRFLDGD j GHVUHDOL]DomR TXDQGR HVVHV PHVPRV
VHQWLPHQWRVHVWmRUHODFLRQDGRVDRPXQGRH[WHUQR
$OWHUDo}HV GD FRQVFLrQFLD GD LGHQWLGDGH GR HX RFRUUHP QD HVTXL]RIUHQLD ± HVSHFLDOPHQWH QR
WUHPD±QDGHSUHVVmRJUDYHQDFULVHGHSkQLFRQRHVWDGRFUHSXVFXODUHSLOpSWLFRHQDLQWR[LFDomR
SRUDOXFLQyJHQRV
1R WUDQVWRUQR GH SHUVRQDOLGDGH P~OWLSOD XP TXDGUR GLVVRFLDWLYR KLVWpULFR Ki DOWHUDomR GD
FRQVFLrQFLD GD LGHQWLGDGH GR HX 'XDV RX PDLV SHUVRQDOLGDGHV VH DOWHUQDP QD FRQVFLrQFLD GR
LQGLYtGXRFRPRVHIRVVHPLGHQWLGDGHVGLIHUHQWHV
*UDXVOHYHVGHGHVSHUVRQDOL]DomRRFRUUHPHPSHVVRDVQRUPDLVSULQFLSDOPHQWHQDDGROHVFrQFLD

Ŷ Alterações da consciência dos limites do eu

8PFRPSURPHWLPHQWRGDFRQVFLrQFLDGRVOLPLWHVGRHXFDUDFWHUL]DVHSRUXPDIXVmRGRHXFRPR
PXQGRH[WHUQRRHQIHUPRLGHQWLILFDVHFRPRVREMHWRVGRPXQGRH[WHUQRHQmRVHGLVWLQJXHGHOHV
1D DSURSULDomR R TXH DFRQWHFH FRP RV REMHWRV LQDQLPDGRV RX FRP DV RXWUDV SHVVRDV p
H[SHULPHQWDGR FRPR XPD YLYrQFLD SUySULD SRU H[HPSOR VH FRUWDP XP JDOKR GH XPD iUYRUH R
SDFLHQWH VHQWH GRU 8P SDFLHQWH HVTXL]RIUrQLFR TXH HVWDYD ID]HQGR XP FXUVR GH LQIRUPiWLFD QmR
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Ŷ Divulgação do pensamento
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TRANSTORNOS MENTAIS

Ŷ Transtornos psicóticos
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Ŷ Mania
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Ŷ Memória
$ IDEXODomR RX FRQIDEXODomR IRL GHVFULWD SRU .RUVDNRII PDV WDO GHQRPLQDomR IRL GDGD SRU
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SDUDPQpVLDQHPHPDOXFLQDomRGHPHPyULDSUHIHULQGRRWHUPRSVHXGRPQpVLD

Ŷ Linguagem
1D HVTXL]RIUHQLD H QD DIDVLD VHQVRULDO HYHQWXDOPHQWH RFRUUH XPD FRPSOHWD GHVRUJDQL]DomR GD
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FRPQHRORJLVPRVRTXHWRUQDRGLVFXUVRVHPTXDOTXHUVHQWLGRLQLQWHOLJtYHO$TXLHQFRQWUDPRVXP
ERP H[HPSOR GH XPD PHVPD DQRUPDOLGDGH SVLFRSDWROyJLFD TXH UHFHEH P~OWLSODV GHQRPLQDo}HV
MDUJRQRIDVLD HVTXL]RIDVLD VDODGD GH SDODYUDV FRQIXVmR GH OLQJXDJHP
FRQIXVmR GH IDOD H SDUDJUDPDWLVPR 6i IDOD DLQGD HP JORVVRODOLD WHUPR QR HQWDQWR HP JHUDO
HPSUHJDGR HP XPD RXWUD VLWXDomR FOtQLFD R LQGLYtGXR SDUHFH HVWDU IDODQGR XPD RXWUD OtQJXD HOH
SURGX]VRQVLQLQWHOLJtYHLVSRUpPPDQWpPRVDVSHFWRVSURVyGLFRVGDIDODQRUPDO
3DUDUUHVSRVWDV VmR UHVSRVWDV WRWDOPHQWH GLVSDUDWDGDV HP UHODomR jV SHUJXQWDV 3RU H[HPSOR
³4XDO p R VHX QRPH"´ ± 5HVSRVWD ³$FKR TXH YDL FKRYHU´ 6mR HQFRQWUDGDV QD HVTXL]RIUHQLD H QD
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GLIHUHQWHV GR TXH IRL DQWHULRUPHQWH GHVFULWR 2 SDFLHQWH HPERUD FRPSUHHQGD SHUIHLWDPHQWH D
SHUJXQWD H FRQKHoD D UHVSRVWD FRUUHWD GHOLEHUDGDPHQWH Gi XPD UHVSRVWD HUUDGD PDV TXH HVWi
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GLVVRFLDWLYDFRQKHFLGRFRPRVtQGURPHGH*DQVHUGHVFULWRSRU*DQVHUHP

Ŷ Pensamento
'LYHUVRV DXWRUHV LQFOXHP HQWUH DV DOWHUDo}HV GR SHQVDPHQWR R URXER D LPSRVLomR
 D GLYXOJDomR H D VRQRUL]DomR GR SHQVDPHQWR (VWD ~OWLPD QR HQWDQWR p HP JHUDO

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DOWHUDo}HV GR FXUVR GD IRUPD RX GR FRQWH~GR GR SHQVDPHQWR HPERUD SRVVDP VH DFRPSDQKDU GH
DOWHUDo}HV GR SHQVDPHQWR D SUHVHQoD GH DOWHUDo}HV GD FRQVFLrQFLD GR HX LPSOLFD DWLYLGDGH
GHOLUDQWHHRURXERGRSHQVDPHQWROHYDDXPDLQWHUUXSomRGRFXUVR
$VGHVFULo}HVGHSHQVDPHQWRGHVDJUHJDGRGLVVRFLDGRLQFRHUHQWH
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QD DVVRFLDomR GH LGHLDV FRP D IRUPDomR GH DVVRFLDo}HV QRYDV TXH VmR LQFRPSUHHQVtYHLV
LUUDFLRQDLV H H[WUDYDJDQWHV &RPR FRQVHTXrQFLD DOWHUDVH D VLQWD[H GR GLVFXUVR TXH VH WRUQD
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$ORQVR)HUQiQGH]DILUPDKDYHUXPDLGHQWLGDGHHQWUHDGHVDJUHJDomRHDLQFRHUrQFLD$SHVDUGLVVR
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TXDOLWDWLYDVHQWUHHVVHVFRQFHLWRV3LR$EUHXSRUH[HPSORUHIHUHTXHRSHQVDPHQWRGHVDJUHJDGR
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TXH DIURX[DPHQWR GHVFDUULODPHQWR H GHVDJUHJDomR FRQVWLWXHP XPD VHTXrQFLD SURJUHVVLYD GH
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GH DQRUPDOLGDGHV GH RXWUDV IXQo}HV SVtTXLFDV FRPR D FRQVFLrQFLD D VHQVRSHUFHSomR H R KXPRU
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DQRUPDOLGDGH VHULD PHUDPHQWH TXDQWLWDWLYD -i &DEDOHLUR *RDV VHSDUD DV LGHLDV GHOLURLGHV GRV
GHOtULRVVHFXQGiULRVDILUPDQGRTXHDVSULPHLUDVVHULDPPDLVIDFLOPHQWHLQIOXHQFLiYHLVHFRUULJtYHLV
HVWDULDP UHODFLRQDGDV D XPD FRQYLFomR PDLV GpELO 2V GHOtULRV VHFXQGiULRV DLQGD VHJXQGR HOH
SRGHULDPWHUDVPHVPDVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVREVHUYDGDVQRVGHOtULRVSULPiULRVH[FHWRSRUVXDJrQHVH2
FRQFHLWR GH LGHLD GHOLURLGH DGRWDGR SRU -DVSHUV H 1REUH GH 0HOR SDUHFH VHU HVSHFLDOPHQWH
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LGHLDVSUHYDOHQWHV RXLGHLDV HUU{QHDVSRUVXSHUHVWLPDomRDIHWLYDRHUURRFRUUHHP IXQomRGH
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FLHQWtILFDVRXUHOLJLRVDVSRUH[HPSOR±HDLQGDHPDOJXQVWUDQVWRUQRVPHQWDLV±FRPRDKLSRFRQGULD
± JDQKD SUHSRQGHUkQFLD HP UHODomR jV GHPDLV H RULHQWD XQLODWHUDOPHQWH D FRQGXWD 2V
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GHFRQYLFomRPDLRUSRGHULDPVHUFODVVLILFDGDVFRPRLGHLDVGHOLURLGHV

Ŷ Vontade
2V WHUPRV KLSREXOLD H DEXOLD VmR DPSODPHQWH XWLOL]DGRV QRV WH[WRV GH SVLFRSDWRORJLD FRP R
VLJQLILFDGRGHGLPLQXLomRHDEROLomRGDHQHUJLDGRVHQWLPHQWRGHIRUoDGRYLJRUGDPRWLYDomR
GDHVSRQWDQHLGDGH GDLQLFLDWLYDHGDFDSDFLGDGHGHGHFLVmR +LSREXOLDHDEXOLDVmR DVVRFLDGDVD
YiULRVWUDQVWRUQRVPHQWDLVHVSHFLDOPHQWHjGHSUHVVmR&RQWXGRRWHUPRKLSHUEXOLDp
PHQRV IUHTXHQWHPHQWH HQFRQWUDGR H p GHILQLGR GH IRUPD KHWHURJrQHD FRPR DXPHQWR GD ³IRUoD GH
YRQWDGH´RXSHUVLVWrQFLDGDFDSDFLGDGHGHGHFLVmRGRVLPSXOVRVRXGRVHQWLPHQWRGHIRUoD6H
KLSREXOLDHKLSHUEXOLDVmRRSRVWRVVHULDHVSHUDGRTXHHVWDIRVVHDVVRFLDGDjVtQGURPHPDQtDFDR
TXHSRUpPVy+HQULTXH5R[RH6iID]HP
Ŷ Psicomotricidade
'LYHUVRV DXWRUHV FRQVLGHUDP IOH[LELOLGDGH FHUiFHD H FDWDOHSVLD FRPR VLQ{QLPRV
3RUpP SDUD RXWURV Ki XPD FODUD GLVWLQomR HPERUD HP DPERV RV IHQ{PHQRV KDMD ULJLGH]
PXVFXODUVRPHQWHQRFDVRGDIOH[LELOLGDGHFHUiFHDHVVDULJLGH]pIDFLOPHQWHYHQFLGD$FDWDOHSVLD
UHSUHVHQWDXPDHVWHUHRWLSLDGHSRVLomRSRVLomRHVWDTXHRGRHQWHHVSRQWkQHDHDWLYDPHQWHPDQWpP
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FDEHoD RX R WURQFR ± QDV PDLV GLYHUVDV SRVLo}HV H R SDFLHQWH LUi PDQWHU SDVVLYDPHQWH D SRVWXUD
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VHIRVVHGHFHUD(PPXLWRVOLYURVGHSVLFRSDWRORJLDSXEOLFDGRVHPSRUWXJXrVHP
YH]GHFHUiFHD±DGMHWLYRUHODWLYRDFHUD±HQFRQWUDPRVRWHUPR³FpUHD´RTXDOFRPRQRVDOHUWD
1REUHGH0HORQmRSHUWHQFHjQRVVDOtQJXD'LIHUHQWHPHQWHGRVGHPDLV/HPH/RSHVFODVVLILFDD
IOH[LELOLGDGHFHUiFHDFRPRXPDIRUPDGHFDWDOHSVLD'HOJDGR1REUHGH0HORH3DLPSRU VXD
YH]FLWDP%XPNHTXHDILUPDTXHRWHUPRIOH[LELOLGDGHFHUiFHDVyVHULDDGHTXDGRSDUDRVTXDGURV
GH RULJHP RUJkQLFD VHQGR PDLV DSURSULDGD QD HVTXL]RIUHQLD D H[SUHVVmR SVHXGRIOH[LELOLGDGH
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D SRVLomR GH 9DOOHMR 1iJHUD TXH UHIHUH TXH D SVHXGRIOH[LELOLGDGH FHUiFHD VH GLIHUHQFLD GD
IOH[LELOLGDGHFHUiFHDSRUDSUHVHQWDUWDPEpPXPFRPSRQHQWHDWLYRQDUHDOL]DomRGRPRYLPHQWR

Ŷ Afetividade
9iULRV DXWRUHV UHVWULQJHP D GHILQLomR GH KLSHUWLPLD D XPD DOHJULD RX LUULWDELOLGDGH
SDWROyJLFDFRPRDTXHRFRUUHQDVtQGURPHPDQtDFDUHVHUYDQGRSDUDRVHVWDGRVGHSUHVVLYRVRWHUPR
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UHVSHFWLYDPHQWHDRDXPHQWRHjGLPLQXLomRGDLQWHQVLGDGHHGXUDomRGRVDIHWRV´HFRHUHQWHPHQWH
FRPHVVDVGHILQLo}HV&OyYLVGH)DULD$OYLPFLWDGRSRU6iGHIHQGHTXHRWHUPRKLSHUWLPLDVHMD
RPDLVDGHTXDGRSDUDGHVLJQDUXPHVWDGRGHH[DOWDomRDIHWLYDVHMDSDUDRSRORGDDOHJULDRXSDUDR
SRORGDWULVWH]D

Ŷ Consciência do eu
$ FRQVFLrQFLD GD H[LVWrQFLD GR HX FRQFHLWR FULDGR SRU .XUW 6FKQHLGHU IRL FRQVLGHUDGD SRU
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SURFHVVRVSVtTXLFRVLQWHUQRVHDVHQVRSHUFHSomRGRH[WHULRU´

Ŷ DISCUSSÃO
2 GHVHQYROYLPHQWR GH PpWRGRV FRPSOHPHQWDUHV GH LQYHVWLJDomR GLDJQyVWLFD FDGD YH] PDLV
SUHFLVRVSDUHFHHVWDUFDXVDQGRXPDFHUWDGHVYDORUL]DomRGDVHPLRORJLDQDSUiWLFDPpGLFD0XLWRV
FDUGLRORJLVWDV SRU H[HPSOR Mi QmR DXVFXOWDP R FRUDomR GH VHXV SDFLHQWHV H ORJR VROLFLWDP XP
HFRFDUGLRJUDPD 3DUWLFXODUPHQWH QD SVLTXLDWULD ERD SDUWH GRV PpGLFRV SULQFLSDOPHQWH RV PDLV
MRYHQV KRMH HP GLD SRXFR VH LQWHUHVVD SHOR HVWXGR GD SVLFRSDWRORJLD GHVFULWLYD DSUHVHQWDQGR XP
UDFLRFtQLRPDLVRXPHQRVDVVLP³pSHUGDGHWHPSRGLVWLQJXLUVHXPDLGHLDGHOLUDQWHGHXPDLGHLD
GHOLURLGH RX XPD DOXFLQDomR YHUGDGHLUD GH XPD SVHXGRDOXFLQDomR Mi TXH RV DQWLSVLFyWLFRV LUmR
DWXDUVREUHHVVHVVLQWRPDVGRPHVPRMHLWR´
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PRGHUQRV ± GR 5'& H GR '60,,, j &,' H R '60,9 ± FRP FULWpULRV GLDJQyVWLFRV
RSHUDFLRQDLV OHYRX D XPD rQIDVH H[FHVVLYD QR GLDJQyVWLFR QRVROyJLFR H QD VXD ILGHGLJQLGDGH HP
GHWULPHQWR GH TXHVW}HV UHODWLYDV DR UHFRQKHFLPHQWR GDV DOWHUDo}HV SVLFRSDWROyJLFDV TXH VmR
GHILQLGDVGHIRUPDLPSUHFLVDHDPEtJXD$SHVDUGLVVRVHJXQGR2WKRQ%DVWRVDVOLVWDVGHVLQWRPDV
HJORVViULRVGHVVHV PDQXDLVGLDJQyVWLFRV IUHTXHQWHPHQWHVmRXVDGDVSRULQLFLDQWHVHPVXEVWLWXLomR
DRVOLYURVGHVHPLRORJLDHGHSVLFRSDWRORJLDGHVFULWLYD
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GHVFULomRVHFRPSOHPHQWDPVySRGHYLUDVHUH[SOLFDGRRTXHDQWHVIRLGHVFULWR
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DSDUrQFLDQRV
DWLWXGHQRV
FRQDomRQRV
FRQVFLrQFLDQRV
OLQJXDJHPQRV
PHPyULDQR
SVLFRPRWULFLGDGHQRV
VHQVRSHUFHSomRQRV
GRKXPRU
FRQVFLrQFLDQRV
GHOtULRHP
VHQVRSHUFHSomRQRV
PHQWDLVFRQVFLrQFLDGRHXHP
REVHVVLYRFRPSXOVLYR72&
FRQDomRQRV
FRQVFLrQFLDGDPRUELGDGH
SHQVDPHQWRQR
SVLFyWLFRVFRQVFLrQFLDGDPRUELGDGH
VRPDWRIRUPHV
7UDYHVVHLURSVtTXLFR
7UHPD
7ULFRWLORPDQLD
7ULXQIRPDQtDFR

V
9HUELJHUDomR
9HUERUUDJLD
9HUERUUHLD
9LJLOkQFLD
HPFRQVFLrQFLD
QDDWHQomR
9LWDOLGDGHGRHXFRQVFLrQFLDGD
9LYrQFLDV
DOXFLQDWyULDV±
IRUPDVHVSHFLDLVGH
QDVGLYHUVDVPRGDOLGDGHVVHQVRULDLV
GHOLUDQWHVSULPiULDV
9RQWDGH
DXVrQFLDGHLQIOXrQFLDSHOD
SRVVLELOLGDGHGHLQIOXrQFLDSHOD
9R\HXULVPR

:HFKVOHU%HOOHYXHHVFDODGH
:HUQLFNH
DIDVLD
iUHDGH

=RRILOLD