Millersville University Name Answer Key

Department of Mathematics
MATH 161, Calculus I, Test 4
December 2, 2008

Please answer the following questions. Your answers will be evaluated on their correctness,
completeness, and use of mathematical concepts we have covered. Please show all work and
write out your work neatly. Answers without supporting work will receive no credit. The
point values of the problems are listed in parentheses.

1. (6 points) Use a Riemann sum with n = 50 and midpoint evaluation to approximate

the following definite integral. Z 3
2
e−x dx
0

b−a 3−0 3
∆x = = =
n 50 50
1 1 3 1 3
ci = a + (i − )∆x = 0 + (i − ) = (i − )
2 2 50 2 50
for i = 1, 2, . . . , 50.
Z 3 50  
2 X 2
e−x dx ≈ e−ci ∆x
0 i=1
50 
3

−((i− 12 ) 50
3 2
)
X
= e
i=1 50
≈ 0.886207

2. (6 points) Find the average value of the function f (x) = 3x − 2x2 on the interval [0, 1].

1 b Z
favg = f (x) dx
b−a a
1
Z 1 Z 1
2
= (3x − 2x ) dx = (3x − 2x2 ) dx
1−0 0 0
3 2 2 3 1
 
= x − x 
2 3 0
3 2 9−4 5
= − = =
2 3 6 6
3. (8 points each) Evaluate the following indefinite integrals.
1
Z
(a) √ √ dx
x( x + 1)
Integrate by substitution letting
√
u = x+1
1
du = √ dx
2 x
1
2 du = √ dx.
x

Thus
Z
1 Z
1
√ √ dx = 2 du
x( x + 1) u
1
Z
= 2 du
u
= 2 ln |u| + C
√
= 2 ln( x + 1) + C

ex
Z
(b) dx
1 + e2x
Integrate by substitution letting

u = ex
du = ex dx.

Thus
ex 1
Z Z
dx = ex dx
1 + e2x 1 + (ex )2
1
Z
= du
1 + u2
= tan−1 u + C
= tan−1 ex + C
 ln x
Z
(c) dx
x
Integrate by substitution letting

u = ln x
1
du = dx.
x
Thus
ln x 1
Z Z
dx = ln x dx
x Z x
= u du
1 2
= u +C
2
1
= (ln x)2 + C
2

x2
Z
(d) dx
x3 + 1
Integrate by substitution letting

u = x3 + 1
du = 3x2 dx
1
du = x2 dx
3
Thus
x2 1
Z Z
dx = x2 dx
x3 + 1 x3 +1
1 1
Z
= du
u 3
1 1
Z
= du
3 u
1
= ln |u| + C
3
1
= ln |x3 + 1| + C
3
4. (6 points) Use properties of the definite integral to express the following as a single
definite integral. Z 2 Z 3 Z 3
f (x) dx − f (x) dx + f (x) dx
0 4 2

Z 2 Z 3 Z 3
f (x) dx − f (x) dx + f (x) dx
0 4 2
Z 2 Z 4 Z 3
= f (x) dx + f (x) dx + f (x) dx
0 3 2
Z 2 Z 3 Z 4
= f (x) dx + f (x) dx + f (x) dx
0 2 3
Z 4
= f (x) dx
0

5. (6 points) Find the derivative of the following function.

Z 3x2 +2x+1
f (x) = sin t dt
3

According to the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus Part II:

d
Z 3x2 +2x+1
f ′ (x) = sin t dt
dx 3
d
= sin(3x2 + 2x + 1) (3x2 + 2x + 1)
dx
= sin(3x2 + 2x + 1) (6x + 2)
= (6x + 2) sin(3x2 + 2x + 1).
6. (8 points each) Evaluate the following definite integrals exactly (no decimal approxi-
mations).
Z 1
(a) (ex − e−x ) dx
0

Z 1  1
(ex − e−x ) dx = ex + e−x 

0 0
   
1
= e +e − e0 + e0 −1

1
= e+ −2
e

Z 3
(b) x sin(πx2 ) dx
1
Integrate by substitution letting

u = πx2
du = 2πx dx
1
du = x dx.
2π
Thus
3 9π 1
Z Z
x sin(πx2 ) dx = sin u du
1 π 2π
1 9π
Z
= sin u du
2π π
1 9π
 
= − cos u 
2π π
1 1
= − cos 9π + cos π
2π 2π
1 1
= −
2π 2π
= 0.
 2 x2 − 3x + 4
Z
(c) dx
1 x2

Z 2 x2 − 3x + 4 Z 2 2
x 3x 4
2
dx = 2
− 2 + 2 dx
1 x 1 x x x
Z 2
= (1 − 3x−1 + 4x−2 ) dx
1
 2
= x − 3 ln |x| − 4x−1 

1
4 4
   
= 2 − 3 ln 2 − − 1 − 3 ln 1 −
2 1
= −3 ln 2 + 3

Z
x1
(d) √
dx
0 +1 x2
Integrate by substitution letting

u = x2 + 1
du = 2x dx
1
du = x dx.
2
Thus
1 x 2 1
Z Z
√ dx = √ du
0 2
x +1 1 2 u
√ 2
= u
√ 1
= 2−1
 235
7. (6 points each) The half-life of uranium U is approximately 0.7 × 109 years.
235
(a) What is the decay constant of U?

ln 2
t1/2 = −
k
ln 2
k = −
t1/2
ln 2
= −
0.7 × 109
≈ −9.9 × 10−10 yr−1

(b) If 100 grams of 235 U is buried at Yucca Mountain in Nevada, how much will remain
after 100, 000 years?
The differential equation describing exponential decay is

y ′(t) = ky(t)

where we have as an initial condition y(0) = 100 grams. Thus the amount of 235 U
present at time t is given by the function

y(t) = 100ekt ≈ 100e(−9.9×10

−10 )t
.

Thus when t = 100, 000 years

y(100000) ≈ 100e(−9.9×10
−10 )100000
≈ 99.99 grams.