Sliding System – Twinning – Inverse Polar Figure –

Euler Angles
Carlo Mapelli
Dipartimento di Meccanica, Politecnico di Milano
carlo.mapelli@polimi.it
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fcc

Prof.Ing.Carlo Mapelli
bcc-1 T<(TM/4)

Prof.Ing.Carlo Mapelli
bcc-2 (TM/4)<T<(TM/2)

Prof.Ing.Carlo Mapelli
bcc-3 T>(TM/2)

Prof.Ing.Carlo Mapelli
Exagonal Basis for hcp

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hcp (Basal System)

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hcp (Prismatic System)

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Hcp (Pyramidal System)

Prof.Ing.Carlo Mapelli
There is not only sliding

……but also TWINNING

Prof.Ing.Carlo Mapelli
Characteristics of Twinning

Distributed over entire volume and not confined to a single plane

Happens very quickly (speed of sound in material)
Cooperative motion of many planes of atoms with each plane moving
only a small distance
Lattice is rotated not distorted »NOTa phase transformation

Prof.Ing.Carlo Mapelli
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Microscopic Evidence

Prof.Ing.Carlo Mapelli
 (α ) (α ) (α ) (α )
τ = ±si σ ij m j ≥ τ c

Prof.Ing.Carlo Mapelli
Resolved Shear Stress

$( ) !
α
! n1 s1m1 $
# & # &
# n2 & # s2 m2 &
# & # & (α ) (α )
# n3 & =# s3m3 & ±ni σ i ≥ τ c
# n4 & # s2 m3 + s3m2 &
# & # &
# n5 & # s1m3 + s3m1 &
# n6 & # s m +s m &
" % " 1 2 2 1 %

Prof.Ing.Carlo Mapelli
 Hardening and Rotation

(α )∗ (α ) (α )* * (α )* (α )* * (α )* (α )* * (α )*
dτ = dτ = dsi σ m jij + si dσ m jij + si σ dm j
ij

Induction of the anisotropy due to crystal

rotation

Prof.Ing.Carlo Mapelli
Inverse Polar Figure

Represents the fraction of the elementary cells aligned with a reference

direction.

Prof.Ing.Carlo Mapelli
 Euler’s Angles
& Orinetation Distribution Function ODF

on the website

file:///Users/carlo/Documents/DIDATTICA-LIBRI-FILMATI/Deformazione%20Plastica/cristallografia-tessiture%20Enrique/
AluMatter%20(anisotropy)/metallurgy/anisotropy/euler_angles_space_and_odf_revised.swf?targetFrame=EulerSpace

Prof.Ing.Carlo Mapelli
Textures and Anisotropy
(example for bcc elementary cell)

Prof.Ing.Carlo Mapelli