THE PHILOSOPHY

OF PHILIPPINE
EDUCATION
 “No one can step twice in
the same river, for fresh
waters are ever flowing in
upon him”
 PRE-SPANISH PERIOD
Education was informal, unstructured, and
devoid of methods.
Children were provided more vocational
training and less academics (3Rs) by their
parents and in the houses of tribal tutors.

R
eading
writing
ithmetic
 SPANISH ERA
 The tribal tutors were replaced by the Spanish Missionaries.
 Education:
 religion-oriented.
 for the elite.
 provided for the establishment of at least one primary school for
boys and girls in each town under the responsibility of the
municipal government. (Educational Decree 1863)
 Establishment of normal school for male teachers under the
supervision on the Jesuits.
 Primary instruction was free and the teaching of Spanish
was compulsory.
 Education during that period was inadequate, suppressed
and controlled.
 AMERICAN ERA
 Education should be universal and free
all regardless of sex, age, religion, and
socio-economic status of the individual.
 The means of giving people an
orientation towards a democratic way
of life.
 Carried out by the civilian teachers of
English called “Thomasites.”
 JAPANESE OCCUPATION
 Education was at its nadir, and was used
as an instrument for indoctrinating the
people to embrace Japanese Ideologies.
 Educational system under the Japanese
military government were articulated in
Executive Order No. 2 issued on Feb. 17,
1942, by the Commander-in-Chief of the
Japanese Imperial Army.
 PHILIPPINE INDEPENDENCE
 The educational philosophy was in accordance with
the provisions of Article XIV Section 5 of the 1935
Constitution which provides that:
 All educational institutions shall be under the supervision
and subject to the regulation by the State. The government
shall establish and maintain a complete and adequate
system of public education, and shall provide at least free
primary instruction and citizenship training to adult citizens.
All schools shall aim moral character, and vocational
efficiency and to reach the duties of citizenship. Optional
religious instruction shall be maintained by law. Universities
established by the State shall enjoy academic freedom. The
state shall create scholarship in arts, sciences, and letters
for especially gifted citizens.
PROCLAMATION OF MARTIAL LAW
 As far as education concerned, the Marcos
Constitution of 1973, Article XV Sec. 8 states that:
 All educational institutions shall be under the
supervision and subject to the regulation by the State.
The State shall establish and maintain a complete,
adequate and integrated system of education relevant to
the goals of national development, All institutions shall
aim to inculcate love for country, teach the duties of
citizenship, and develop moral character, personal
discipline and scientific and technological and
vocational efficiency. The State shall maintain a system
of free public elementary education and in areas where
finances permit, establish and maintain at least up to
the secondary level. The state shall provide citizenship
and vocational training to adult citizens and out-of-
school youth, and create and maintain scholarships for
poor and deserving students.
 EDUCATION ACT OF 1982
 This was an act that provided for the establishment and
maintenance of an integrated system of education.
Sec. 2, This act shall apply to and govern both formal and non-formal system in
public and private schools in all levels of the entire educational system.

Sec. 3. Declaration of Basic Policy.

 CHAPTER 2 Rights  CHAPTER 3 Duties and Obligations
 Sec. 8. Rights of Parents  Sec. 14. Duties of Parents.
 Sec. 9. Right of Students in School.  Sec. 15. Duties and Responsibilities of
 Sec. 10. Rights of all School Personnel. Students.
 Sec. 11. Special Rights and/or Privileges  Sec. 16. Teacher's Obligations.
of Teaching or Academic Staff  Sec. 17. School Administrators'
 Sec. 12. Special Rights of School Obligations.
Administration.  Sec. 18. Obligations of Academic Non-
 Sec. 13. Rights of Schools. Teaching Personnel.
 MAINTENANCE OF QUALITY EDUCATION
 The Education Act of 1982 has provided measures to maintain
quality education. One of them is voluntarily accreditation.
 Voluntarily accreditation refers to the recognition of an educational program or,
where applicable, of an educational institution as processing certain standards
of quality or excellence.
 Programs or institutions desiring to be accredited generally have to pass
through these stages:
 Applicant status – a stage where an institution is officially listed by the

accrediting agency as an applicant institution for a maximum period of

three years.
 Candidate status – the period where an institution has already completed

its preliminary survey and starts preparing for formal survey. This usually
lasts until the institutional is granted accreditation status which takes place
between one or two years.
 Member institution – this distinction is granted to an institution who

satisfies all the requirements for accreditation. This initial accreditation

status lasts for three years.
 Several Accrediting Agencies

 PAASCU - Philippine Accrediting Association of

Schools, College and Universities
 ACSC-AA - Association of Christian Schools
and Colleges – Accrediting Association
 PACU-COA - Philippine Association of College
and Universities-Commission on Accreditation.
 These existing accrediting agencies comprise the
Federation of Accrediting Agencies of the
Philippines (FAAP),
 AQUINO ADMINISTRATION
 “EDSA People Power Revolution” on February 22-23, 1986

 1987 Constitution which provided the present philosophy of education

in the Philippines as stated in Article XIV, Sec. 3 (2) thus:
 All educational institution shall inculcate patriotism and

nationalism, foster love of humanity, respect for human rights,

appreciation of the role of national heroes in the historical
development of the country, teach the rights and duties of
citizenship, strengthen ethical and spiritual values, develop moral
character, and personal discipline, encourage critical and creative
thinking broaden scientific and technological knowledge and
provide vocational efficiency.
THE 1987 CONSTITUTION OF THE PHILIPPINES

 The 1987 Constitution provides in

Article XIV, Section 1 that the State
shall protect and promote the right of
all citizens to quality education at all
levels and shall take appropriate steps
to make such education accessible to
all.
 ARTICLE XIV (1987 CONSTITUTION)
EDUCATION, SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, ARTS,
CULTURE AND SPORTS

Section 1. The State shall protect and promote the right of

all citizens to quality education at all levels, and shall take
appropriate steps to make such education accessible to all.
Sec. 2 (1) System of education Sec. 4 (1) State power over
relevant to society. educational institutions.
Sec. 2 (2) Free public education Sec. 4 (2) Ownership and
Sec. 2 (3) Scholarship program administration of schools
Sec. 2 (4) Non-formal, informal, and Sec. 4 (3) Tax exemptions
indigenous learning Sec. 5 (1) Regional and sectoral needs
Sec. 5 (2) Academic freedom
Sec. 2 (5) Special education and
adult education Sec. 5 (2) Right of every citizen to
select a profession.
Sec. 3 (1) Optional religious Sec. 5 (2) Right of teachers to
instruction. professional growth.
EDUCATION FOR ALL (EFA)
 President Aquino has declared the period of 1990
– 1999 as the “Decade of Education for All”
 Education for All encompasses four major
programs
 Institutionalization of Early Childhood Care and
Development (ECCD)
 Universalization of Quality Primary Education (UQPE)
 Eradication of Illiteracy
 Continuing Education and Development
 EDITORIAL
(TEMPO, April 26, 2010 issue)
 EDITORIAL
(TEMPO, April 26, 2010 issue)
MEETING THE GOALS OF EDUCATION FOR ALL
 Due to the sustained implementation of education reforms, the
Philippines is steadily moving towards the Education for All
(EFA) goal by 2015, the deadline set by the United Nations
Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).
 The Six EFA goals which Philippines has committed itself
include:
 expanding early childhood care and education;

 providing free and compulsory education for all;

 providing learning and life skill to young people and

adults;
 increasing adult literacy by 50 percent;

 achieving gender equality by 2015; and

 improving the quality of education.

 The Philippines has been making sustained
progress in education in the last few years.
After a temporary decline, the Philippines
has posted modest but consistent gains since
2006.
 To increase enrolment and retention in school
the education department has also strictly
implemented the “no collection” and “no
mandatory uniform policy”
 Some of the measures taken to address drop-outs
 1. Project Reach which enlists the help of local
government units in finding the school children, reaching
out to them, and keeping them in school.
 2. Other schemes which provide learners with an array of
alternative delivery modes of learning for them to
complete elementary and high school are:
 Drop-Out Reduction Program (DORP)
 MISOSA or Modified In-School and
 Off-School Approach and IMPACT or Instructional Management
by Parents Community and Teachers.
 Another intervention that has improved school retention
is the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) as
centerpiece of the government’s poverty reduction
measure.
 Other programs currently being implemented by the
government under its poverty reduction thrusts which
have direct impact on health and education are the Food
for School and Essential Health Care Package which
was recently recognized internationally.
 THE RAMOS ADMINISTRATION
ONWARDS TO PHILIPPINES 2000
 President Ramos stressed that the delivery of quality education
to all the people as mandated by the Constitution is the chief
means to empower the masses. In another state of the nation
address the President emphasized his educational platform,
summarized in these statements:
 “If we are to develop, we must invest in our people . . . The most
profitable human investment is in basic education . . . We have to
learn to talk of growth not in terms of statistics, but in terms of
people . . . And invest in people, for it will take 110 years to
eradicate illiteracy, according to the findings of the department
of education, if government does it alone.”
THANK YOU…..
 REPORTER:
 MELGAZAR