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Some Aspects of The Design of Face Loaded Slender Precast Concrete Wall Panels - SESOC Journal Vol29 No2 Sep 2016
Some Aspects of The Design of Face Loaded Slender Precast Concrete Wall Panels - SESOC Journal Vol29 No2 Sep 2016
BUILDING REVIEWS, SEISMIC parts provision. This applies to face loaded SPCWPs and
ASSESSMENTS & CPENG any upper horizontal beam, connections between the
upper beam and portals and connections of the panels
COMPETENCE
to the upper beam and/or the portal leg. (Note the parts
Assessments indicate significant variations in practice provision loads do not apply to the portal frame).
for the design of SPCWPs typically used in single story
Despite the guidance available observed design practice
industrial, warehousing and commercial buildings.
varies considerably.
Typical structures are portal framed supporting
Lateral Restraint
lightweight roofing on cold rolled steel purlins with
SPCWP’s spanning either horizontally between portal The upper horizontal beam frequently has little lateral
legs or vertically from the ground. SPCWPs spanning restraint at the ends and often has minimal torsional
vertically have either pinned or fixed base connections restraint between supports. The design of this horizontal
and are usually supported near the top by a horizontal beam must therefore take account of the restraint
spanning steel beam (often called eaves beams, girts, conditions.
transoms or walers). Designers have been observed assuming full lateral
These notes refer to face loaded concrete wall panels. restraint despite none being available to an outstanding
For the complete design of SPCWPs, ‘in plane’ actions flange. This lack of restraint often results in significant
and concurrent loads should also be considered. reduction of member capacity. HERA publication R4-
92 (Restraint Classifications for beam member moment
Numerous examples of poor practice in the design capacity determination to NZS 3404:1997) provides
of these structures have been observed by SESOC guidance on restraints. A detail frequently encountered
members and these relate to: is shown below. (This detail is recommended in the
• Determination of design actions Russell A Poole report). The connection provides little
• No consideration of lateral support torsional resistance for the outstanding flange but can
• No consideration of deformation compatibility allow for thermal and shrinkage movement between
the panel and the PFC depending on the extent of the
• Detailing of members
clamping action. If the fixing allows for movement then
Design Actions there is limited lateral restraint to the PFC.
Reference manuals and design guides give clear
guidance on the determination of design actions for
the SPCWP’s and the supporting structure (where the
walls are not explicitly modelled in the analysis). These
include:
• The CCANZ Red books published in 1998 and 2008
which have examples using the parts provisions of
NZS 1170.5.
GENERAL DESIGN ISSUES
• The 2007 BRANZ Design Guide Slender Precast Connections
Concrete Panels with Low Axial Loads which uses the Fixings of the SPCWPs to steel members are made
parts provisions of NZS 1170.5. using weld plates, cast in inserts, through bolts, epoxied
In addition MBIE Building Determination 2013/057 bolts or drilled in fasteners.
provides authoritative guidance and requires SPCWPs and Due to cyclical earthquake loading and possible elevated
their connections to be designed using the NZS 1170.5 temperatures for fire conditions (as many walls are fire