PREPARATION GUIDE TEST OF ENGLISH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE @ Written by testing experts @ Intensive grammar review @ Thorough analysis of each exam area @ Cross-referenced answers and explanations @ Ideal for individual or classroom use @ Six full-length practice tests py Michael A Pyle, MA and ary Ellen Murioz Page, MA series Editor *rry Bobrow, Ph D . AN n@e:22>ae at) tea mom Cele oe cea ey This Clif fs Preparation Guide can help you score higher It provid understanding of the TOEFI, which can help you take the test s backgrouna 1 | with m, make the kind of score hat can g? e you a wide choice of colleges orgs Stine vyand uate schools, Our testing experts designed this Preparation Guide to help you ge: ' it while using your study time effectively Right from the start, you'll ‘ind that Torre concise, to the po nt and asy to understand This Guide includes thorough, Analysis of Each Type of Question and Explanation of the Most Successful Approaches to each area tested Listening Comprehenston, Structure and Whitten Express! ©, Reading Comprehension, and the Test of Written English (essay) Intensive Grammar Review, Exercises and Mini-Tests to guide and simphfy sour study Six Full-Length Practice Tests that correspond to the actual TOEFL in type and number of questions Answers and Explanations, C:oss-Referenced to the Review, for each practice test Self-Scoring Charts 0 analy72 your performance on the sample tests Two Audio Cassettes containing six Listening Comprehention sections for realistic test preparation Complete Table of Contents and Index to help you quickly find wha: you are Jooking for Be ready Give yourself an edge in taking the TOEFL by using this Cliffs Preparation Guide You'll be glad you did Michael A. Pyle recerveu a Master of Arts from the University of Fiorida tn linguistics and teaching English a a second language He was the coordinater of the reading classes and tavaht grammar, composition and spoken Engush at !a1 University of Florida's English Language institute for several years He has presented workshops er 4 papers at regional and national conterences on various aspects of teaching English as a second language, including the Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Lanquages (TESOL) conference in 1994 Mary Ellen Munoz Page received a IMaster of Arts from Western Reserve University n Cleveland, Ohio She teaches English to foregn students at Valencia Community College in Orlando, Florida, ard has taught English, orimarly to foreign students at the college and university levels since 1976 She has also present =4 sumerous workshop to student teachers and other teachers of English in Costa Rica She developed iour English classes at Santa Fe Community College in Gainesville, Florida, and collaborated with Mr ®yle in develop ng the English for the Foreign Born Test Rewew classes there Students in these English classes, which were offered ‘n conunction with the English canguage Instrtute, extensively tested the materials in this guide and received them enthusiastically Jerry Bobrow Js executive director of Bobrow Test Preparation Services and coriducts test preparation programs at over twenty five colleges, and law schools ISBN 0-8220-2079-3 | | ‘iu < SEMANA UMMACKNOWLEDGMENTS We are indebted to many for providing us incentive and support during the time that we were writing this manuscript. We dedicate this book to our families, including Maria, Maria Elena, Rita, Louie, and our parents; their understand- ing and support during the many months of writing was essential. We are also grateful to Dr. Clyde C. Clements, Jr, Dean of Community Education at Santa Fe Community College, for providing us the opportunity to organize a class for test preparation and supporting us in our quest to write this book. Special thanks are due Dr. Patricia Byrd, Assistant Director of the University of Florida’s English Language Institute, for providing us classroom Space, equipment, students, publicity, and encouragement. We wish to thank Dr. Manuel Lopez Figuera, Maria Lopez de Pyle, Dr. Felipe Sierra, Dr. José Zaglul, and Paul F. Schmidt for writing materials for the practice tests. We also wish to thank Jerry Bobrow of Bobrow Test Preparation Services for recommending our book and Michele Spence of Cliffs Notes, Inc., for her invaluable assistance in editing. We are indebted to our students, who acted as our critics while we were Preparing the materials. We have revised this book several times since it was first written. The changes in this edition are extensive to parallel the 1995 changes to the TOEFL. We are now indebted to even more people who provided reading and listening passages or reviewed materials for us. They include Margarita Bardgett, Elizabeth Eschbach, Joe Romero, Sherry Keyes, Harry Gebert, and Dr. Dana Griffin, III. Michael Pyle is especially thankful for all the help his wife Maria provided in suggesting materials and typing. In addition to the superb editing work of Michele Spence, the authors were very fortunate to be provided the editing expertise of Linnea Fredrickson. Neither the authors nor Cliffs Notes, Inc., is affiliated with Educational Testing Service or involved in the development or administration of the TOEFL. Neither the directions nor any sample questions were provided or approved by Educational Testing Service. ISBN 0-8220-2081-5 FIFTH EDITION ‘© Copyright 1995 by Michael A. Pyle and Mary Ellen Mufioz Page Previous editions © Copyright 1991, 1986, 1983, 1982 by Michael A. Pyle and Mary Ellen Muiioz All Rights Reserved Printed in U.S.A.