Sabrina Bailey 32009519

American American Psychological Association Style Sample 

Assignment 6: Essay sample

                                 Sabrina Bailey

Table of Content

INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................................................................. 2

DISCUSSION................................................................................................................................................................................... 2

EXAMPLES........................................................................................................................................................................................ 2

FORMAT............................................................................................................................................................................................ 3

SUMMARY......................................................................................................................................................................................... 4

REFERENCES............................................................................................................................................................................. 5

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Introduction

The American Psychological Association (APA) style is primarily used in

the social science disciplines. It is formatted like Modern Language

Association (MLA), and shows many similarities, but is unique in several

key points. This paper discusses the APA in detail. Addressing plagiarism

has become a major challenge in education and educating students in

referencing correctly with the APA 6th is one way of trying to overcome the

problem (Bretag, 2013; Manar & Shameem, 2014).

Discussion

APA uses parenthetical (or in-text) citations within sentences, but rather than

indicating the author's name and page number, APA includes author's name

and date of publication. The page number, represented with a p. or a pp., is

only added to the citation when using a direct quote (not a summary or

paraphrase). If the author's name is mentioned in the sentence, then place the

date of publication in parentheses directly after the name. If the name is not

mentioned include the author's name and date in parentheses at the end of

the source material. And, if you use a direct quote, place the page number

after the publication date within the parentheses.

Examples

Note the difference between the following three examples:

Terrence (2007) has presented poignant examples from 150 interviews.

However, it has been pointed out that the research was conducted in a

selective, highly biased, way (Strong & Porter, 1998). All of the

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interviewees have been called “exceptions to the norm” (Strong & Porter,

1998).

Note the first example paraphrases an author that is named in the sentence,

the second example paraphrases authors that are not named in the sentence,

and the third example provides a direct quote (thus the inclusion of the page

numbers) but also does not identify the authors within the sentence. If the

authors were identified within the sentence in the third example, the authors'

names would be followed by the year of publication and only the page

numbers would be in the parentheses at the end of the quote.

Format

Finally, the bibliographic page in APA style differs from MLA, what APA

calls the Reference page. You will notice a few immediate differences from

the MLA Works Cited format. With APA you include the initial of the

author's first name rather than the complete name, the publication date

immediately follows the author's name in parentheses, and titles of articles

are not surrounded with quotation marks. The lists are still alphabetized by

author's last name (or title in the absence of an author) and the first line is

flush left while subsequent lines in the same entry are indented in

(approximately 5 spaces or one tab). A good resource to help you with

referencing is Notre Dame’s referencing guide at

http://library.nd.edu.au/referencing/apa#s-lg-box-3040351. There is also a

summary downloadable help document available at:

http://library.nd.edu.au/ld.php?content_id=8053459. In APA Style, you

include a reference list rather than a bibliography with your paper (APA,

2019). A reference list consists of all sources cited in the text of a paper

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whereas a bibliography may include resources that were consulted but not

cited in the text as well as an annotated description of each one.

Summary

The School of Education, University of Notre Dame Australia, uses the APA

6th referencing style for all written documents. In addition to in text

referencing and the reference list there are a number of formatting

requirements to ensure your essay complies with APA standards. Get to

know the APA 6th.

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References

APA. (2019) Bibliography versus reference list. Retrieved from

http://www.apastyle.org/learn/quick-guide-on-references.aspx#Bibliography

Bretag, T. (2013). Challenges in addressing plagiarism in education. PLoS

Medicine, 10(12), e1001574.

Manar, H., & Shameem, F. (2014). Attitude of students towards cheating and

plagiarism: University case study. Journal of Applied Sciences, 14(8), 748-

757. doi:10.3923/jas.2014.748.757

Strong, R. L.,  Porter, M. (1998), Grammatical Combinations. In S. Parker & K. 

Gibson (Eds.), Language and Literacy (p 540­578) Cambridge: Cambridge 

University Press

Terrence, H. S. (2007, November 1). Student Success in Community Colleges. The 

West Australian, p. 6­7