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SECE411 04 Overvoltages PDF
SECE411 04 Overvoltages PDF
Chapter 4 - 1
Overvoltages
Overvoltages in
in Power
Power Systems
Systems
Chapter 4 - 2
Overvoltages in Power Systems
INTRODUCTION
Chapter 4 - 3
TYPES OF OVERVOLTAGE
• The voltage stresses on transmission network insulation are found
to have a variety of Origins.
• In normal operation AC (or DC) voltages do not stress the insulation
severely.
• Over voltage stressing a power system can be classified into two
main types:
Chapter 4 - 4
Overvoltages in Power Systems
LIGHTNING OVERVOLTAGES
Chapter 4 - 5
LIGHTNING OVERVOLTAGES
The cloud becomes negatively charged and has a larger
layer of positive charge at its top.
As the separation of charge proceeds in the cloud, the
potential difference between the centers of charges'
increases and the vertical electric field along the cloud also
increases.
The total potential difference between the two main charge
centers may vary from l00 to 1000 MV.
Only a part of the total charge-several hundred coulombs-is
released to earth by lightning; the rest is consumed in inter-
cloud discharges.
The height of the thundercloud dipole above earth may reach
5 km in tropical regions.
Chapter 4 - 6
Overvoltages in Power Systems
LIGHTNING OVERVOLTAGES
Chapter 4 - 7
LIGHTNING OVERVOLTAGES
Stepped Leader
Chapter 4 - 8
Overvoltages in Power Systems
LIGHTNING OVERVOLTAGES
Streamers
Chapter 4 - 9
Chapter 4 - 10
Overvoltages in Power Systems
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LIGHTNING PHENOMENON
Chapter 4 - 12
Overvoltages in Power Systems
LIGHTNING PHENOMENON
Chapter 4 - 13
Chapter 4 - 14
Overvoltages in Power Systems
Chapter 4 - 15
Chapter 4 - 16
Overvoltages in Power Systems
1) Air terminal
2) Conductors
3) Ground termination
4) Surge protection
Chapter 4 - 17
200,000 Volts
Step Voltage
Current
flow
thru earth
generates
voltage
8,000 volts
across feet
0 Volts far away (Typical)
Chapter 4 - 18
Overvoltages in Power Systems
Chapter 4 - 19
Chapter 4 - 20
Overvoltages in Power Systems
Chapter 4 - 21
Chapter 4 - 22
Overvoltages in Power Systems
EFFECT OF LIGHTNING
Chapter 4 - 23
EFFECT OF LIGHTNING
Chapter 4 - 24
Overvoltages in Power Systems
SWITCHING OVERVOLTAGES
Chapter 4 - 25
SWITCHING OVERVOLTAGES
Chapter 4 - 26
Overvoltages in Power Systems
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Chapter 4 - 28
Overvoltages in Power Systems
Chapter 4 - 29
1-Line energization
2-Reclosing (energization of a line
with trapped charges)
3-low voltage side Energization of a
line
4- Energization a line terminated by an
unloaded transformer
5- Load rejection at the receiving end
of a line
6- Load rejection at the receiving end
of a line followed by line dropping at
the sending end
Chapter 4 - 30
Overvoltages in Power Systems
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Chapter 4 - 32
Overvoltages in Power Systems
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Chapter 4 - 34
Overvoltages in Power Systems
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Chapter 4 - 36
Overvoltages in Power Systems
TEMPORARYOVERVOLTAGES
Chapter 4 - 37
Load Rejection:
Chapter 4 - 38
Overvoltages in Power Systems
Load Rejection:
V = E( Xc / (Xc –Xs))
Chapter 4 - 39
Ferranti Effect
Chapter 4 - 40
Overvoltages in Power Systems
Ground Fault
Chapter 4 - 41
Chapter 4 - 42