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KEITH 8 divided into

,
WAGNER
& BARKER
hypertensive retinopathy different stages
1939
-
GRADING

T Blood → Arteriolar → M vasomotor tone

pressure spasm Mild to Moderate

L
}
Consequent narrowing renal sclerosis
of
or
narrowing
the smaller arterioles
arterioles to control of
foe optimal
.

'
blood volume
'
VASO CONSTRICTIVE
PHASE
-

( Arteriolar attenuation ) I

Persistent elevated BP → Sclerotic

phase ( Inti mal
thickening ,
medial wall

hyperplasia 4 hyaline degeneration )

Acute constricted arterioles
angled branching of

} "nYes
after
IfI
Ia
I AV CROSSING 8 the vein " " A
Artery crosses over

① compresses
artery
vein iovenous
crossing
&
AV NIPPING ( inset)

BONNET SIGN -
Distal the blood
banking of
Perpendicular placement g tapering
GUNN SIGN vein a
of
-

SALU 's SIGN vein

Deflection of
-

I It ②
'

Silver or
Copper wiring
HI ③
( ooo Arteriolar wall
opacifi
cation )

Flamed
shaped
hemorrhage

④
Hard exudates

arranged
II in the

stars @ macula
Micro
aneurysms form of radiating
I
MALIGNANT HYPERTENSION
Cotton Wool Spot
↳ All features of Grade HI
⑦
BIL papilledema
f Norotading
① •

A trio venous

Nipping

Focal
Narrowing

Silver
Copper Wiring
or

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③

Flame -

shaped
Retinal

Hemorrhage

Micro
aneurysms

Retinal Colton Wool

spot
hemorrhages
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 Malignant Hypertension

@ medwnikkicee Papiledema