Question 1. What Is A Circuit Breaker?

Answer :Circuit Breaker is a mechanical device designed to close or

open contact members, thus closing or opening an electrical circuit
under the normal or abnormal conditions.

Question 2. How Does A Circuit Breaker Differs From a Switch?

Answer :Switch is just a device when can be able to open and close the
circuit during normal operation. Whereas on the other hand circuit
breaker has the ability to open and close the contacts during abnormal
or fault conditions. Thus circuit breaker has the potential to break and
make heavy short circuit currents. Auto-reclosures in the circuit beaker
has the ability to re-close after certain designed duration to verify
whether the short circuit was cleared.

Question 3. What Is Meant By Making Capacity Of The Circuit Breaker?

Answer :The making capacity of the circuit breaker when closed on a

short circuit is the peak value of the maximum current wave (including
dc component) in the first cycle of the current after the circuit is closed
by the circuit breaker.

Question 4. Why Current Chopping Is Not Common In Oil Circuit

Breakers?
Answer :Current chopping is not common in oil circuit breakers because
in most of the oil circuit breakers the arc extinguishing power is
proportional to the magnitude of current to be interrupted.

Question 5. Name The Materials Used For The Contacts Of Vacuum

Circuit Breakers?

Answer :Copper-Bismuth, Copper-lead, Copper-tellurium, Silver-

bismuth, Silver-lead and Silver-tellurium are some of the alloys
employed as contact materials in the vacuum circuit breakers.

Question 6. Why Current Chopping Considered As Serious Drawback In

A Circuit Breaker?

Answer :The current chopping is considered as serious drawback

because it sets up high voltage transient across the breaker contacts.

Question 7. For Ehv Applications Which Type Of Circuit Breaker Is

Mostly Preferred?

Answer :For Exta High Voltage (EHV) applications SF6 gas insulated
switchgear is preferred.

Question 8. What Are The Duties Of Circuit Breakers?

Answer :
Some of the duties of the circuit breakers are listed below:

Interruption of small inductive currents

Switching of unloaded transmission lines and unloaded cables
Switching of capacitor banks and reactors
Interruption of terminal faults
Interruption of short line faults
Asynchronous switching
Question 9. What Is The Meaning Of Rupturing Capacity Of A Circuit
Breaker?

Answer :

Rupturing capacity of a circuit breaker means the maximum power a

circuit breaker can interrupt under a fault. It is usually expressed in
Mega volt Ampere (MVA) and it is then the product of the rated
breaking current in kilo amperes and rated voltage expressed in kilo
volts.

Question 10. What Do You Mean By The Term “making Current” And
“breaking Current” Of A Circuit Breaker?

Answer :

The ‘Making Current’ of a circuit breaker is the total maximum current

peak which occurs during the first cycle immediately after the circuit is
closed on a short circuit.
The ‘Breaking Current’ of a circuit breaker is the total maximum current
peak that can be safely broken by the circuit breaker at the time of
separation of the contacts at its rated voltage.

Question 11. What Do You Understand By The Term “short Circuit

Mva”? How S The Breaking Capacity Specified?

Answer :

“Short Circuit MVA” is the rupturing capacity or breaking capacity of a

circuit breaker in case of a three phase symmetrical fault which
determines the size of the circuit breaker. The breaking capacity of a
circuit breaker is specified either in terms of symmetrical breaking
current/MVA or asymmetrical breaking current/MVA.

Question 12. Why Is It Necessary To Know The Fault Level At The

Incoming Point Of Supply? Who Furnishes This Information ?

Answer :

To select the MVA rating of the circuit breaker of a high voltage

installation the fault level at the incoming point of supply must be
known. Power supply authority furnishes the fault level.

Question 13. In What Value The Making Current Of A 3-phase 3000

Mva, 33 Kv Breaker?
Answer :

the making current is normally specified in peak value.

Breaking current = 3000/(√3×33) KA = 52.48 KA

Making current = 2.55 × 52.48 = 133.82 KA.

Question 14. What Do You Mean By “asymmetrical Breaking Current”

And “symmetrical Breaking Current”?

Answer :

The asymmetrical breaking current is the r.m.s. the value of the total
current at the initial instant of contact separation and is equal to the
square root of the sum of the squares of the symmetrical breaking
current and of the direct component of the current at the same instant.
The symmetrical breaking current is the r.m.s. the value of the
symmetrical current (a.c. component of current) at the initial instant of
contact separation. Actually, the rating of the breaker is specified in
terms of symmetrical breaking current & voltage.

Question 15. Why Is The Rating Of A Circuit Breaker Decided On The

Basis Of Symmetrical Short Circuit Currents?

Answer :
As the symmetrical fault is most severe in a three phase line and
imposes the heavy duty on the control gear, therefore, the circuit
breaker is rated on the basis of symmetrical short circuit currents.

Question 16. Why Is Symmetrical Fault More Severe Than The

Unsymmetrical Fault In A 3-phase System?

Answer :

In a symmetrical fault since all the three conductors are short circuit
together causing equal fault currents to flow through the line then the
symmetrical fault because more severe.

Question 17. What Is The Importance Of Base Kva In Short Circuit

Calculations?

Answer :

As the various equipment used in the power system have different KVA
rating with different percentage reactances so for easy calculation it is
necessary to find the percentage reactances of all equipment on a
common KVA rating. This common KVA rating is known as base KVA.

Question 18. Does The Value Of Short Circuit Current Vary For Different
Values Of Base Kvas?

Answer :
No. Whatever may be the value of base KVA the value of short circuit
current remains unchanged.

Question 19. What Do You Mean By The ‘recovery Voltage’ Of A Circuit

Breaker?

Answer :

The recovery voltage is defined to be the r.m.s. the value of the line
voltage of service frequency that reappears across the poles of the
circuit breaker short after arc extinction in all the poles and after
damping of the transient phenomena.

Question 20. What Do You Mean By The Term ‘restriking Voltage’ Of A

Circuit Breaker?

Answer :

The restriking voltage or the transient recovery voltage is the voltage

between the contacts of a pole of the circuit breaker after the
extinction of the arcs while the transient state persists.

Question 21. Why The Circuit Breakers To Be Used On 6.6 Kv, 11 Kv, 33
Kv, 66 Kv, And 132 Kv Lines Should Be Of Rated Voltage 7.2 Kv, 12 Kv,
36 Kv, 72 Kv, And 145 Kv Respectively?

Answer :
As the voltage rating of circuit breaker corresponds to highest system
voltage so the circuit breaker to be used on 6.6 kV line should be of
rated voltage 7.2 kV and so on.

Question 22. On What Factors Does The Rate Of Rising Of Restriking

Voltage Depend?

Answer :

The rate of rising of restriking voltage depends upon the inductance

and capacitance of the system.

Question 23. Why Is Current Interruption Easier In An A.c. Circuit Than

In A D.c. Circuit ?

Answer :

Due to natural current zeros in alternating current waves interruption

of an a.c. circuit becomes more easier.

Question 24. Is An A.c. Circuit Breaker Suitable For D.c. Supply Line?

Answer :

Generally a.c. the circuit breaker is not suitable for d.c. supply line
because of a.c. circuit breaker quenches arc easily at current zero of an
alternating wave which is not possible in d.c. due to nonexistence of
current zero.
Question 25. (a) Is A 50 Hz Circuit Breaker Suitable For 60 Hz Supply? (b)
Can A 12 Kv Circuit Breaker Be Used For 6.6 Kv Application?

Answer :

(a) It is possible only when the breaker is type tested at 60 Hz

frequency, otherwise not.

(b) A 12 kV circuit breaker can use for any voltage up to its rated
voltage under the condition that the breaking current is within its
breaking capacity.

Question 26. What Is The Difference Between Low Voltage Circuit

Breakers And High Voltage Circuit Breakers?

Answer :

Low voltage circuit breakers are used in indoor control gears for
controlling power consuming devices of circuits below rated voltage
1000 volt a.c. or 1200 volts d.c. whereas high voltage circuit breakers
are used in both indoor and outdoor controllers in high voltage supply
system.
Low voltage circuit breakers operate frequently than the high voltage
circuit breaker.
Low voltage circuit breakers are more compact than high voltage circuit
breakers because of less phase to phase and phase to ground
clearances.
Testing requirements of a high voltage circuit breaker are quite
different from those of low voltage circuit breakers.
Question 27. How Are The Rating Of A Circuit Breaker Given?

Answer :

The rating of a circuit breaker are given by

the maximum voltage in kV,

the maximum continuous current carrying capacity in amperes,
the maximum interrupting capacity in MVA and kilo amperes (kA),
the supply frequency
the making capacity in amperes.
Multiple Choice:

1. trip circuit is normally a part of __________. A. Circuit Breakers

2. acting ground is also known as __________ fault. A. earth
3. a circuit breaker is
A power factor correcting device
B a device to neutralized the effect of transients
C a waveform correcting device
D a current interrupting device
4. low voltage circuit breaker have rated voltage of less than
A 220v b. 400V c.1,000V d. 10,000V
5. the fault clearing time of a circuit breaker is usually
A few minutes
B few seconds
C one second
D few cycles of supply voltage
6.is the path of current
A pvc b electrical circuit c transformer d copper

7. This is a circuit protective device that automatically blows and cut the current when an
overload or shirt circuit happens.

A. circuit breaker B. fuse C. switch D. transformer

8. A unit of measure of electric current.

A. volts B. watts C. ohms D. ampere

9. A protective device used to automatically cut-off the current when trouble in the circuit
such as short circuit or overload occurs.

A. transformer B. circuit breaker C. fuse D. outlet

10.