tical fibres are either made as a single fibre or a flexible b aonber of fibres in a single jacket, tndle of cable. A bu is se of cladding is to confine the li f vyasio propose Ol ig the light to the core as the light fall sriking core cladding interface at angle greater than the critical angle will be roles _ sp. PROPAGATION OF LIGHT THROUGH FIBRE as 829 fain function ofthe optical fibre isto accept maximum light and transmit the same with mi; , ‘minimum snuation. , atte Light gathering ability of a fibre depends on two factors: (i Core size Gi) Numerical aperture Numerical aperture of fibre is determined by acceptance angle and fractional refraction index change- 30. ACCEPTANCE ANGLE AND ACCEPTANCE CONE Consider an optical fibre through which light is being sent. The end at which light enters is called launching end. Let the refractive indices of the core and cladding be n, and ny respectively; 1, <1, Let the refractive index of the medium k through which light is launched be Ny. Let the light beam enter at an angle ; to the axis of the fibre. The ray gets refracted at an angle rand strikes the core cladding interface at an angle @. For angle 4 more than the critical angle C. } light will undergo total internal reflection. The ray will also undergo total internal reflection at interface as 7, > 7. It means that so long as 9 is greater than critical angle C, light will stay within the fibre. Let us now compute the incident angle / for which @ (max) = sin“! (NA) = sin! (0.15) =8.6°, Example 4. A glass clad fibre is made with the core glass of refractive index 1.5 and the cladding is doped to give a fractional index difference of 0.0005. Determine (i) the cladding index, (ithe critical internal reflection index, (iii) the external critical acceptance ‘angle, (iv) the numerical erture. olution: Given, 1m, =1.5, A = 0.0005 (i) Let the refractive index of cladding be n,. So we have A aticm ™ 0.0005 = 155% “TS ny = 1.5 — 1.5 * 0.005 = 1.4925 (i) Let the critical internal reflection angle be C sin C a C =sin? [2] = sin"! ] sin~! (0.9995) ™ d = 88.2° i) Let the external critical acceptance angle be Q, so we have,