SUBTRACTION, MULTIPLICATION, AND DIVISION

OF RATIONAL NUMBERS
A PAPER

Submitted to fulfill one of the structured tasks of

English for Mathematics
Lecturers :
Dian Ekawati, M.Pd.
Ida Nuraida, M.PMat.

Created by :
Group of 2
1. M. Bainandhika B P (1162050055)
2. Muhammad Jihan Amrullah (1162050068)
3. Pipih Maesaroh (1162050079)

MATHEMATICS EDUCATION
FACULTY OF TARBIYAH AND TEACHERS
UIN SUNAN GUNUNG DJATI BANDUNG
2017/2018
 PREFACE

In the name of Allah SWT, The all-Merciful. Authors praises great thanks
to Him who has bestowed mercy, guidance, and belssings to authors, so that
authors can complete this paper entitled “Subtraction, Multiplication, and
Division of Natural Numbers”
Shalawat and salaam may Allah keep gives over Prophet Muhammad
SAW, to his family, to his Shahabat, and to all of his followers..
This paper has been arranged as well as possible and received assistance
from many people who made this paper created easier. Therefore, authors give
thanks to all participants who have contributed in the process of creating this
paper.
Apart from all that, Authors are fully aware that this paper still lack of tie
in terms of words structure and grammar. Therefore, it’s open to all readers who
have suggestions and criticisms to suggest and criticize so that authors can
improve this paper.
For the last, authors hope this paper can provide benefits and inspiration to
readers.

Bandung, March 4, 2019

Authors

i
 CONTENTS

SUBSTRACTION OF RATIONAL NUMBER ..................................................... 1

MULTIPLICATION OF RATIONAL NUMBER ................................................. 1
DIVISION OF RATIONAL NUMBERS ............................................................... 2
BIBLIOGRAPHY ................................................................................................... 4

ii
SUBSTRACTION OF RATIONAL NUMBER
We will learn about subtraction of rational numbers. If a/b and c/d are two
rational numbers, then subtracting c/d from a/b means adding additive inverse
(negative) of c/d to a/b. The subtracting of c/d from a/b is written as a/b - c/d.
Thus, we have a/b - c/d = a/b + (-c/d), [Since additive inverse of c/d is -c/d]
For the examples :
Subtract 2/5 from 4/7
The additive inverse of 2/5 is -2/5
Therefore, 4/7 - 2/5 = 4/7 + (-2/5)
⇒ 4/7 - 2/5 = 4 × 5/7 × 5 + (-2) × 7/5 × 7
= 20/35 + -14/35
= 20 + (-14)/35
= 6/35
Therefore, 4/7 - 2/5 = 6/35
MULTIPLICATION OF RATIONAL NUMBER
To learn multiplication of rational numbers let us recall how to multiply
two fractions. The product of two given fractions is a fraction whose numerator is
the product of the numerators of the given fractions and whose denominator is the
product of the denominators of the given fractions.
In other words, product of two given fractions = product of their
numerators/product of their denominators.
Similarly, we will follow the same rule for the product of rational
numbers.
Therefore, product of two rational numbers = product of their
numerators/product of their denominators.
Thus, if a/b and c/d are any two rational numbers, then
a/b × c/d = a × c/b × d
For the examples
Multiply 2/7 by 3/5
Solution:
2/7 × 3/5

1
 = 2 × 3/7 × 5
= 6/35
Multiply 5/9 by (-3/4)
Solution:
5/9 × (-3/4)
= 5 × -3/9 × 4
= -15/36
= -5/12
DIVISION OF RATIONAL NUMBERS
To learn division of rational numbers let us recall how to divide a fraction
by another fraction. We know division of fractions is the inverse of multiplication.
Similarly, in case of rational number also, division is the inverse of
multiplication as defined below:
Division: If m and n two rational numbers such that n ≠ 0, then the result
of dividing m by n is the rational number obtained on multiplying m by the
reciprocal of n. When x is divided by y, we write m ÷ n. Thus m ÷ n = m ×
1/n. If w/x and y/z are two rational numbers such that y/z ≠ 0, then w/x ÷
y/z = w/x × (y/z)^-1 = w/x × z/y
Dividend: The number to be divided is called the dividend.
Divisor: The number which divides the dividend is called the divisor.
Quotient: When dividend is divided by the divisor, the result of the
division is called the quotient. If w/x is divided by y/z, then w/x is the
dividend, y/z is the divisor and w/x ÷ y/z = w/x × z/y is the quotient.
Note: It should be noted that division by 0 is not defined.
For the examples :
(i) 9/16 ÷ 5/8
= 9/16 × 8/5
= (9 × 8)/(16 × 5)
= 72/80
= 9/10
(ii) -6/25 ÷ 3/5

2
= -6/25 × 5/3
= {(-6) × 5}/(25 × 3)
= -30/75
= -2/5

3
 BIBLIOGRAPHY
Division of Rational Numbers. Quoted on February 25, 2019, from Math-Only-
Math.com: http//www.math-only-math.com/division-of-rational-
numbers.html
Multiplication of Rational Numbers. Quoted on February 25, 2019, from Math-
Only-Math.com: http:/www.math-onlymath.com/multiplication-of-
rational-numbers.html
Subtraction of Rational Numbers. Quoted on February 25, 2019, from Math-Only-
Math.com: http://www.math-only-math.com/subtraction-of-rational-
numbers.html