Logic for EEL Le EES A.G. HamiltonLOGIC FOR MATHEMATICIANS A. G. HAMILTON Lecturer in mathematics at the University of Stirling CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS CAMBRIDGE LONDON + NEW YORK + MELBOURNEPublished by the Syndics of the Cambridge University Press The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge CB2 IRP Bentley House, 200 Euston Road, London NWI 2DB 32 East 57th Street, New York, NY 10022, USA 296 Beaconsfield Parade, Middle Park, Melbourne 3206, Australia © Cambridge University Press 1978 First published 1978 Printed in Great Britain by J. W. Arrowsmith Lid., Bristol BS3 2NT Library of Congress cataloguing in publication data Hamilton, Alan G., 1943- Logic for mathematicians Bibliography: p. 215 Includes index 1, Logie, symbolic and mathematical I. Title QA.9.H298 511'.3. 77-84802 ISBN 0 521 21838 1 hard covers ISBN 0 521 29291 3 paperback if UNIVERSITY OF N.S.W. 68421 17.JAN79 LIBRARY | Contents Preface 1 Informal statement calculus 1.1 Statements and connectives 1.2 Truth functions and truth tables 1.3 Rules for manipulation and substitution 1.4 Normal forms 1.5 Adequate sets of connectives 1.6 Arguments and validity 2. Formal statement calculus 2.1 The formal system L 2.2 The Adequacy Theorem for L 3. Informal predicate calculus 3.1 Predicates and quantifiers 3.2 First order languages 3.3. Interpretations 3.4 Satisfaction, truth 4 Formal predicate calculus 4.1. The formal system Ky 4.2 Equivalence, substitution 4.3 Prenex form 4.4 The Adequacy Theorem for K 4.5 Models 5 Mathematical systems 5.1 Introduction 5.2 First order systems with equality 5.3 The theory of groups 5.4 First order arithmetic 5.5 Formal set theory 5.6 Consistency and models vii 10 15 19 22 27 37 45 49 57 59 te: 78 84 89 edi 101 a 108 112 116 a3)