ELEMENTS OF ENGINEERING

ASSIGNMENT
Engineering Graphics

Laboratory Manual

Course Code:
B. Tech 1st Year ME144
Course Code: ME101.01

B. Tech 1st Year

DEPSTAR (CE/IT/CSE)
 CHAROTAR UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
DEVEANG PATEL INSTITUTE OF ADVANCE TECHNOLOGY & RESEARCH
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Elements of Engineering (ME144) F.Y.B.TECH

Assignment 1: Orthographic Projections & IsometricView

Orthographic Projections

Figure 1 Figure 2

Draw the following View for Figure 1

a) Front View
b) Top View
c) Right hand side View

Draw the following View for Figure 2

a) Front View
b) Top View
c) Left hand side View

Draw the following View for Figure 3

a) Front View
b) Top View
c) Right hand side View
Figure 3

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 CHAROTAR UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
DEVEANG PATEL INSTITUTE OF ADVANCE TECHNOLOGY & RESEARCH
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Elements of Engineering (ME144) F.Y.B.TECH

Isometric Views/Projections

Figure 1

Figure 2 Figure 3

1. Draw the Isometric views of the object shown pictorially in Figure 1 and 2.
2. Draw the Isometric Projections of the object shown pictorially in Figure 3
3. A pentagonal pyramid of side of base 30 mm and height 70 mm is resting with its base on
H.P. Draw the isometric drawing of the pyramid.
4. Draw the isometric drawing of an object which has FV and TV as equilateral triangle
and LHSV as a Circle of 60 mm Diameter.

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 CHAROTAR UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
DEVEANG PATEL INSTITUTE OF ADVANCE TECHNOLOGY & RESEARCH
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Elements of Engineering (ME144) F.Y.B.TECH

Assignment 2: Projections of Solids & Sections of Solids

Projections of Solids
1. A square prism side of base 30 mm and height 45 mm is resting on HP on one of the
edges of the base. The side on which it rests on HP makes 450 with VP. Rectangular
face containing that edge on which rests on HP makes an angle 600 with HP. Draw
the projections of the prism.
2. A hexagonal pyramid of 30 mm side of base and 45 mm length of axis is resting on
one of its triangular faces on HP. Draw the projections of the pyramid when its edge of
base which is in HP is inclined at 600 to the VP.
3. A right regular pentagonal pyramid side of base 50 mm and height 80 mm rests on one
of the corners of its base on the HP, the base being tilted up until the apex is 60 mm
above HP. Draw the projections of the pyramid with the edge of base opposite to the
corner on which it is resting is made parallel to VP.
4. A pentagonal pyramid with sides of its base 30 mm and height 80 mm rests on an edge
of the base. The base is tilted until its apex is 50 mm above the level of the edge on which
it rests. Draw the projections of the pyramid when the edge on which it rests is parallel
to the V.P. Use auxiliary plane method.
5. A Pentagonal pyramid, edge of base 30 mm and height 60 mm, is resting on HP with
base such that the true shape of one of the slant face visible in plan & the plan of the axis
inclined at 450 to the VP.
6. A frustum of a cone, having base diameter 60 mm, top base diameter 25 mm and axis 45
mm, is resting on one of its generators on the H.P. The top view of the axis of the frustum
makes an angle of 30° with the V.P. Draw the projections of the solid.
7. A triangular pyramids of base sides 40 mm and axis length 70 mm is resting on HP on
one of its triangular faces. Draw its projections when the top of axis is inclined at 450 to
the VP with its apex 30mm from VP.
8. A tetrahedron of 30 mm side is resting with one of its edges on H.P. The edge on
which it rests is inclined at 450 to VP and a face containing that edge is inclined 300 to
HP. Draw the projections of solid.
9. A hexagonal pyramid of 30 mm side and axis length 60 mm is resting on VP on one of
its triangular faces. Draw its projections when it’s rotated such that the apex is nearer to
HP than its base and its front view of axis as well as the base edge which is resting on
VP is equally inclined to HP.
10. A pentagonal prism, edge of base 30 mm and height 55 mm , is resting on a of its base
in HP and 45 mm in front of VP. The longer edge, containing that corner inclined at 450

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 CHAROTAR UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
DEVEANG PATEL INSTITUTE OF ADVANCE TECHNOLOGY & RESEARCH
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Elements of Engineering (ME144) F.Y.B.TECH

to HP and a vertical plane containing that edge and the axis inclined at 300 to VP. Draw
the projection of prism.

Sections of Solids
1. A pentagonal pyramid, sides of the base 50 mm and height 80 mm, is resting on HP on
one of its base with one of the edges of base away from VP and is parallel to VP. It is
cut by an AIP bisecting the axis, the distance of the section plane from the apex being
15 mm. Draw the elevation sectional plan and the true shape of the section. Find also
the inclination of AIP.
2. A cone of diameter 70 mm & 80 mm height is cut by a section plane such that the true
shape of section is parabola of 70 mm axis and true shape available in plan. Find the
inclination of section plane with both the reference plane and axis of cone.
3. A cone having base diameter 50 mm and axis 60 mm long is resting on its base on
HP. A section plane cuts it perpendicular to both the reference planes in such a way that
the true shape of the section is hyperbola of 45 mm base. Draw projection of the cone;
show position of section plane and true shape of the section.
4. A cylinder of 50 mm diameter of base and 75 mm height of axis has one of its ends on
the H.P. Its cut by and A.I.P. in such a way that the true shape of the section is an ellipse
of largest possible major axis. Draw the sectional plan, true shape and find the inclination
of the sectional plane.
5. A cone of diameter 60 mm is rest on HP with base. It is cut by the section plane such
that the true shape of the section is equilateral triangle of 40 mm. Draw the front view,
sectional top view, true shape of section and find inclination of section plane & height
of cone.
6. A square pyramids, side of base 40 mm and axis 60 mm long, has its base in HP and all
edges of the base are equally inclined to VP. It is cut by a sectional plane so that the true
shape of section is isosceles triangle of base 40 mm and altitude 40 mm. Find the
inclination with HP. Draw the front view, sectional top view and true shape of the section.

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 CHAROTAR UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
DEVEANG PATEL INSTITUTE OF ADVANCE TECHNOLOGY & RESEARCH
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Elements of Engineering (ME144) F.Y.B.TECH

Assignment 3: Engineering Curves & Engineering Scales

Engineering Curves
1. The distance between two coplanar fixed points is 110 mm. Trace the complete path
of a point G moving in the same plane in such a way that the sum of the distance
from the fixed points is always 150 mm. Name the curve & find its eccentricity.
Draw normal and tangent at any point on the curve.
2. Two points A & Bare 100 mm apart. A point C is 75 mm from A and 45 mm from B.
Draw an ellipse passing through points A, B, and C so that AB is a major axis.
3. ABCD is a rectangle of 100mm x 60mm. Draw an ellipse passing through all the four
corners A, B, C and D of the rectangle considering mid points of the smaller sides as
focal points. Use concentric circle method and find its eccentricity. Draw normal and
tangent at any point on the curve.
4. Two points A & Bare 100 mm apart: A point C is 75 mm from A and 45 mm from B.
Draw an ellipse passing through points A, B, and C so that AB is not a major axis.
5. Draw an ellipse passing through 60° corner Q of a 30°-60° set square having smallest
side PQ vertical & 40 mm long while the foci of the ellipse coincide with corners P &
R of the set square. Use oblong method. Find its eccentricity. Draw normal and tangent
at any point on the curve.
6. Two fixed straight lines OA and OB are at right angle to each other. A point P is at a
distance of 20 mm from OA and 50 mm from OB. Draw a rectangular hyperbola
passing through point P.
7. A semi circle with O2 as centre and radius equal to 30 mm is fixed as shown in the Figure.
O1P0 is the inelastic string of 132 mm length. The end O1 of the string is fixed. Point O1
is 18 mm on upper side and 18 mm on left side of O2 The string is turned in anticlockwise
direction and simultaneously wound around the surface of the semicircle. Draw the locus
of the point P0, the free end of the string. Name the curve.

8. Draw an Involute of a pentagon having side as 30 mm. Draw normal and tangent at any

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 CHAROTAR UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
DEVEANG PATEL INSTITUTE OF ADVANCE TECHNOLOGY & RESEARCH
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Elements of Engineering (ME144) F.Y.B.TECH

point on the curve.

9. Show by means of drawing that when the diameter of rolling circle is half the diameter
of directing circle, the hypocycloid is a straight line.
10. A Point P is 80 mm from point O. It starts moving towards O and reaches it in two
revolutions around it Draw locus of point P (To draw a Spiral of TWO convolutions).

Engineering Scales
1. Draw a scale 1 cm = 1m to read decimeters, to measure maximum distance of 6 m. Show
on it a distance of 4 m and 6 dm.
2. In a map a 72 km distance is shown by a line 90 cm long. Calculate the R.F. and construct
a plain scale to read kilometers and hectometers, for max. 12 km. Show a distance of 8.3
km on it.
3. The distance between two stations is 210 km. A passenger train covers this distance in 7
hours. Construct a plain scale to measure time up to a single minute. RF is 1/200,000
Indicate the distance traveled by train in 29 minutes.

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 CHAROTAR UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
DEVEANG PATEL INSTITUTE OF ADVANCE TECHNOLOGY & RESEARCH
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Elements of Engineering (ME144) F.Y.B.TECH

Assignment 4: Basics of Mechanical Engineering & Steam and

Steam Generator
1. What is prime mover? Give types of prime movers on basis of resources utilized.
2. Define pressure, standard atmospheric pressure, and absolute pressure, vacuum and
draw schematic diagram showing relation between different pressures.
3. Define high and low grade energy and also give two examples of each.
4. State similarities and dissimilarities of work and heat.
5. Define path, process and cycle and explain them with suitable sketch.
6. Define
 specific heat
 internal energy
 enthalpy
 brake power
 indicated power
 Friction power.
7. State zeroth and first law of thermodynamics and explain these laws with suitable
example.
8. Derive the equation for combine gas law.
9. Prove that cp – cv = R.
10. Explain the formation of steam at constant pressure with suitable sketch.
11. Explain different states of steam.
12. Define the following terms
 Saturation temperature
 Latent heat of vaporization
 sensible heat
 degree of superheat
 amount of superheat
 dryness fraction
13. What is difference between dry saturated steam and wet steam?
14. Why steam is superheated? Give pros and cons of superheated steam.
15. Define boiler. List essential parts of boiler.
16. What is difference between boiler and steam generator?
17. Give classification of boiler.
18. State merits and demerits of water tube boiler over fire tube boiler.
19. Explain the working of Cochran boiler with neat sketch.
20. How natural circulation is achieved in boiler?

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 CHAROTAR UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
DEVEANG PATEL INSTITUTE OF ADVANCE TECHNOLOGY & RESEARCH
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Elements of Engineering (ME144) F.Y.B.TECH

21. State application of steam boiler.

22. Write the function of the following terms in the boiler
 Steam stop valve
 Blow of cock
 Fusible plug
 Pressure gauge
 Water level indicator
23. Enlist various boiler mounting and accessories.
24. A reciprocating compressor piston having an area of 100 cm2 moves a distance of 120
mm inside the cylinder. Find amount of work required if the pressure developed by
compressor is (i) 50 kPa (ii) 120 kPa.
25. An aluminum component has a mass of 15 kg and an initial temperature of 2500 C. if
the component losses heat to the value of 900 kJ. What will be the final temperature
assume specific heat capacity of aluminum is 300 J/kg K.
26. 1 kg of gas, occupying 0.5 m3, had an original temperature of 25o C. it was then heated
at constant volume until its temperature becomes 150o C. how much heat was
transferred to the gas and what was its final pressure? Take cv = 0.72 kJ/kg K and R =
0.29 kJ/kg K.
27. 1 kg of air at 400 kPa and occupying 0.25 m3 is heated at constant volume until the
temperature has risen to 270o C. determine (i) initial temperature of air, (ii) final
pressure (iii) heat supplied, (iv) change in internal energy per kg and (v) change in
enthalpy during process. Take cp =1.005 kJ/ kg K and cv = 0.710 kJ/kg K.
28. In a cyclic process there are four heat transfers who are as under: Q1-2 = +925 kJ, Q2-3
= -110 kJ, Q3-4 = -770 kJ, Q4-1 = +220 kJ. The work done during three process are W1-
2 = +70 kJ, W2-3 = - 50 kJ, and W4-1 = +170 kJ. Calculate the work done during process
3-4. What is change in internal energy during cyclic process?

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 CHAROTAR UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
DEVEANG PATEL INSTITUTE OF ADVANCE TECHNOLOGY & RESEARCH
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Elements of Engineering (ME144) F.Y.B.TECH

Assignment 5: Internal Combustion Engines & Refrigeration

and Air Conditioning Systems
1. Make comparison between I.C. and E.C. engine.
2. Give classification of I.C engine in detail.
3. Enlist different component of I.C. engine and explain function of connecting road,
carburetor, fuel pump, fuel injector and spark plug.
4. Explain dead centers, Clearance volume, stroke volume and stroke length with
suitable neat sketch.
5. Describe the all the four strokes of four stoke single cylinder petrol engine with
suitable figures.
6. Give the difference between working of petrol and diesel engine.
7. Explain with neat sketch working of 2 stroke single cylinder diesel engine.
8. Differentiate between four stroke and two stroke I.C. engine.
9. Justify the statement “power developed by two stroke engine is more than four stroke
engine”.
10. Why the diesel engine cars are more costly than petrol engine cars?
11. “Two stroke engines are lighter in weight and compact in size compare to four stroke
engine”, is the statement true? If it is true than give the reasons.
12. Give the application of refrigeration.
13. Write the properties for ideal refrigerant.
14. Define refrigeration and explain the working of vapor compression refrigeration cycle
with suitable diagram.
15. Define refrigeration effect, a ton of refrigeration and Co-efficient of performance.
16. Explain principle of air conditioning and give two main application of air
conditioning.
17. Give the classification of air conditioning system in detail.
18. Explain working of widow air conditioner with diagram.
19. What are the advantages of split A.C. over window A.C.?
20. Explain domestic vapor compression refrigerator.

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 CHAROTAR UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
DEVEANG PATEL INSTITUTE OF ADVANCE TECHNOLOGY & RESEARCH
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Elements of Engineering (ME144) F.Y.B.TECH

Assignment 6: Introduction to Surveying

1. Construct a plain scale with RF = 1: 400 to read up to meter and show

a distance of 76 m on it.

2. Construct a diagonal scale 1 cm = 2 km and represent 48.6 km on it.

3. Construct a plain scale of 1cm = 2 m to show up to a meter and show

37m on the scale.

4. Construct a plain scale of 1cm = 5 m to show up to a meter and show

58m on the scale.

5. Construct a plain scale of RF 1:50 and show 4.3m on the scale.

6. Construct a diagonal scale with RF = 1:400 and represent 34.6 m on

it.

7. Construct a plain scale of RF 1:500 and show 75.6m on the scale.

8. RF of scale 1cm = 5 km is____________.

9. RF of scale 1cm = 3m is____________.

10. An area of 36 cm2 of a map represents an area of 1296 m2. Find scale
and RF of a map.

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 CHAROTAR UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
DEVEANG PATEL INSTITUTE OF ADVANCE TECHNOLOGY & RESEARCH
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Elements of Engineering (ME144) F.Y.B.TECH

Assignment 7: Building Construction

1. Enlist different types of building based on occupancy and explain any

two in detail.
2. Differentiate load bearing structure and framed structure.

3. Enlist the types of loads acting on building and explain wind load.

4. Define following term :

1. Dead load 2. Live load
3. Super structure 4. Sub structure
5. Plinth 6. Column
7. Beam 8. Door
9. Window 10.Lintel
11.Sill 12.Slab
13.Stair 14.Chajja
15.Spread footing 16.Step footing
17.Combine footing 18. Step
19. Riser 20.Tread
5. List down the Components of building & states their functions.

6. Write nominal dimension of following:

1. foundation- depth 2. window& Door- depth
-width -width
3. Plinth height 4. Sill height
5. Steps: riser and tread
7. Draw the sketches of following:
1. Foundation of 20 cm and 30 cm thick wall
2. Cross section of 30 cm thick wall showing all building
components

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 CHAROTAR UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
DEVEANG PATEL INSTITUTE OF ADVANCE TECHNOLOGY & RESEARCH
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Elements of Engineering (ME144) F.Y.B.TECH

8. If the plinth height is 45 cm and riser height is 15 cm calculate the

number of riser and tread.
9. What is design load? Describe various design loads in detail.

10. Differentiate between following terms:

1. Dead load & live load
2. Foundation and plinth
3. Institutional buildings & assembly buildings
4. Framed structure & Composite structure
5. Framed structure & Load bearing structure
6. Substructure & super structure
7. Sill & Lintel

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