PROBLEM 10.

31
Solve Problem 10.30 assuming that force P is moved to C and acts
vertically downward.

SOLUTION

yC = l cosθ , δ yC = −l sin θδθ

Spring:

Unstretched length = 2l

x = 2 ( 2l sin θ ) = 4l sin θ

δ x = 4l cosθδθ

F = k ( x − 2l )

F = k ( 4l sin θ − 2l )

Virtual Work:

δ U = 0: − Pδ yC − F δ x

− P ( −l sin θδθ ) − k ( 4l sin θ − 2l )( 4l cosθδθ ) = 0

P sin θ − 8kl ( 2sin θ − 1) cosθ = 0

P cosθ
or = ( 2sin θ − 1)
8kl sin θ

With l = 200 mm, k = 300 N/m, and P = 160 N

(160 N ) = ( 2sin θ − 1)
cosθ
8 ( 300 N/m )( 0.2 ) sin θ

cosθ 1
or ( 2sin θ − 1) =
sin θ 3

Solving numerically, θ = 39.65°

and θ = 68.96°

θ = 39.7°

and θ = 69.0°
 PROBLEM 10.32
For the mechanism shown, block A can move freely in its guide and rests
against a spring of constant 15 lb/in. that is undeformed when θ = 45°.
For the loading shown, determine the value of θ corresponding to
equilibrium.

SOLUTION

First note yD = 10sin θ ( in.)

Then δ yD = 10 cosθδθ ( in.)

Also x A = 2 (12cosθ ) in.

Then ( x A )0 = ( 24 in.) cos 45°

and δ x A = −24sin θδθ ( in.)

With δθ < 0: Virtual Work: δ U = 0: ( 60 lb ) δ yD − FSP δ xA =0

where FSP = k  x A − ( x A )0 

= (15 lb/in.)( 24cosθ − 24 cos 45° )( in.)

= ( 360 lb )( cosθ − cos 45° )

Then ( 60 )(10 cosθδθ ) − 360 ( cosθ − cos 45° )  ( 24sin θδθ ) = 0

or 5 − 72 tan θ ( cosθ − cos 45° ) = 0

Solving numerically, θ = 15.03° and θ = 36.9°

 PROBLEM 10.33 AND 10.34
10.33: A force P of magnitude 150 lb is applied to the linkage at B. The
constant of the spring is 12.5 lb/in., and the spring is unstretched when
AB and BC are horizontal. Neglecting the weight of the linkage and
knowing that l = 15 in., determine the value of θ corresponding to
equilibrium.
10.34: A vertical force P is applied to the linkage at B. The constant of
the spring is k, and the spring is unstretched when AB and BC are
horizontal. Neglecting the weight of the linkage, derive an equation in θ ,
P, l, and k that must be satisfied when the linkage is in equilibrium.

SOLUTION

xC = 2l cosθ δ xC = −2l sin θδθ

yB = l sin θ δ yB = l cosθδθ

F = ks = k ( 2l − xC ) = 2kl (1 − cosθ )

Virtual Work: δ U = 0: F δ xC + W δ yB = 0

2kl (1 − cosθ )( −2l sin θδθ ) + W ( l cosθδθ ) = 0

4kl 2 (1 − cosθ ) sin θ = Wl cosθ

W
or (1 − cosθ ) tan θ =
4kl
Problem 10.33: Given: l = 0.3 m, W = 600 N, k = 2500 N/m
600 N
Then (1 − cosθ ) tan θ =
4 ( 2500 N/m )( 0.3 m )

or (1 − cosθ ) tan θ = 0.2

Solving numerically, θ = 40.22°

θ = 40.2°
W
Problem 10.34: From above (1 − cosθ ) tan θ =
4kl
 PROBLEM 10.35
Knowing that the constant of spring CD is k and that the spring is
unstretched when rod ABC is horizontal, determine the value of θ
corresponding to equilibrium for the data indicated.
P = 150 lb, l = 30 in., k = 40 lb/in.

SOLUTION

y A = l sin θ

δ y A = l cosθδθ
Spring: v = CD
Unstretched when θ =0
so that v0 = 2l
For θ :

 90° + θ 
v = 2l sin  
 2 

 θ
δ v = l cos  45° +  δθ
 2
Stretched length:
 θ
s = v − v0 = 2l sin  45° +  − 2l
 2

  θ 
Then F = ks = kl  2sin  45° +  − 2 
  2 
Virtual Work:
δ U = 0: Pδ y A − F δ v = 0

  θ   θ
Pl cosθδθ − kl  2sin  45° +  − 2  l cos  45° +  δθ = 0
  2   2

P 1   θ  θ  θ 
or = 2sin  45° +  cos  45° +  − 2 cos  45° +  
kl cosθ   2   2   2 

1   θ  θ  θ 
=
cosθ  2sin  45° + 2  cos  45° + 2  cosθ − 2 cos  45° + 2  
      

 θ
cos  45° + 
 2
=1− 2
cosθ
 PROBLEM 10.35 CONTINUED

Now, with P = 150 lb, l = 30 in., and k = 40 lb/in.

 θ
cos  45° + 
(150 lb ) =1− 2  2
( 40 lb/in.)( 30 in.) cosθ

 θ
cos  45° + 
 2
or = 0.61872
cosθ

Solving numerically, θ = 17.825° θ = 17.83°

 PROBLEM 10.36
Knowing that the constant of spring CD is k and that the spring is
unstretched when rod ABC is horizontal, determine the value of θ
corresponding to equilibrium for the data indicated.
P = 600 N, l = 800 mm, k = 4 kN/m.

SOLUTION

From the analysis of Problem 10.35, we have

 θ
cos  45° + 
P  2
=1− 2
kl cosθ

With P = 600 N, l = 800 mm, and k = 4 kN/m

 θ
cos  45° + 
( 600 N ) =1− 2  2
( 4000 N/m )( 0.8 m ) cosθ

 θ
cos  45° + 
 2
or = 0.57452
cosθ

Solving numerically, θ = 30.98° θ = 31.0°

 PROBLEM 10.37
A horizontal force P of magnitude 160 N is applied to the mechanism at
C. The constant of the spring is k = 1.8 kN/m, and the spring is
unstretched when θ = 0. Neglecting the mass of the mechanism,
determine the value of θ corresponding to equilibrium.

SOLUTION

Have s = rθ δ s = rδθ
F = ks = krθ
and xC = l sin θ

δ xC = l cosθδθ
Virtual Work:
δ U = 0: Pδ xC − F δ s = 0

Pl cosθδθ − krθ ( rδθ ) = 0

Pl θ
or =
kr 2 cosθ

(160 N )( 0.24 m ) =
θ
(1800 N/m )( 0.1 m )2 cosθ

θ
2.1333 =
cosθ
Solving numerically, θ = 1.054 rad = 60.39° θ = 60.4°
 PROBLEM 10.38
A cord is wrapped around drum A which is attached to member AB.
Block D can move freely in its guide and is fastened to link CD.
Neglecting the weight of AB and knowing that the spring is of constant
4 lb/in. and is undeformed when θ = 0, determine the value of θ
corresponding to equilibrium when a downward force P of magnitude
96 lb is applied to the end of the cord.

SOLUTION

Have yC = 15 tan θ ( in.)

Then δ yC = 15sec2 θδθ ( in.)

Virtual Work: δ U = 0: Pδ sP − FSPδ yC = 0

where δ sP = ( 3 in.) δθ

and FSP = kyC

= ( 4 lb/in.)(15 in.) tan θ

= 60 tan θ ( lb )

Then ( 96 lb )( 3 in.) δθ ( )
− ( 60 tan θ ) lb   15sec 2 θδθ in. = 0
 

or 3.125 tan θ sec 2 θ = 1

Solving numerically, θ = 16.41°
 PROBLEM 10.39
The lever AB is attached to the horizontal shaft BC which passes through
a bearing and is welded to a fixed support at C. The torsional spring
constant of the shaft BC is K; that is, a couple of magnitude K is required
to rotate end B through 1 rad. Knowing that the shaft is untwisted when
AB is horizontal, determine the value of θ corresponding to the position
of equilibrium when P = 400 lb, l = 10 in., and K = 150 lb ⋅ ft/rad.

SOLUTION

Have y A = l sin θ

δ y A = l cosθδθ

Virtual Work:

δ U = 0: Pδ y A − M δθ = 0

Pl cosθδθ − Kθδθ = 0

θ Pl
or = (1)
cosθ K

With P = 400 lb, l = 10 in., and K = 150 lb ⋅ ft/rad

( 400 lb ) 
10 in. 
θ 
=  12 in./ft 
cosθ 150 lb ⋅ ft/rad

θ
or = 2.2222
cosθ

Solving numerically, θ = 61.25° θ = 61.2°

 PROBLEM 10.40
Solve Problem 10.39 assuming that P = 1.26 kips, l = 10 in., and
K = 150 lb ⋅ ft/rad . Obtain answers in each of the following quadrants:
0 < θ < 90°, 270° < θ < 360°, and 360° < θ < 450°.

SOLUTION

Using Equation (1) of Problem 10.39 and

P = 1.26 kip, l = 10 in., and K = 150 lb ⋅ ft/rad

(1260 lb ) 
10 in. 
θ 
we have =  12 in./ft 
cosθ 150 lb ⋅ ft/rad

θ
or =7 or θ = 7 cosθ (1)
cosθ

The solutions to this equation can be shown graphically using any appropriate graphing tool, such as Maple,
(
with the command: plot {theta, 7 * cos ( theta )} , t = 0..5 * Pi/2 ; )
Thus, we plot y = θ and y = 7 cosθ in the range

5π
0 ≤θ ≤
2

We observe that there are three points of intersection, which implies that Equation (1) has three roots in the
specified range of θ .

π 
0 ≤ θ ≤ 90°   ; θ = 1.37333 rad, θ = 78.69° θ = 78.7°
2

 3π 
270 ≤ θ ≤ 360°  ≤ θ ≤ 2π  ; θ = 5.65222 rad, θ = 323.85° θ = 324°
 2 

 5π 
360 ≤ θ ≤ 450°  2π ≤ θ ≤ ; θ = 6.61597 rad, θ = 379.07 θ = 379°
 2 