PROBLEM 10.

61
Using the method of Section 10.8, solve Problem 10.31.

SOLUTION

Spring: AE = x = 2 ( 2l sin θ ) = 4l sin θ

Unstretched length: x0 = 4l sin 30° = 2l

Deflection of spring s = x − x0

s = 2l ( 2sin θ − 1)

1 2
V = ks + PyC
2

1
k  2l ( 2sin θ − 1)  + P ( l cosθ )
2
=
2

V = 2kl 2 ( 2sin θ − 1) + Pl cosθ

2

dV
= 4kl 2 ( 2sin θ − 1) 2cosθ − Pl sin θ = 0
dθ

cosθ P
(1 − 2sin θ ) + =0
sin θ 8kl

P 2sin θ − 1
=
8kl tan θ
 PROBLEM 10.61 CONTINUED

With P = 160 N, l = 200 mm, and k = 300 N/m

Have
(160 N ) =
2sin θ − 1
8 ( 300 N/m )( 0.2 m ) tan θ

2sin θ − 1 1
or =
tan θ 3

Solving numerically, θ = 39.65° and 68.96°

θ = 39.7°
θ = 69.0°
 PROBLEMS 10.62 AND 10.63
10.62: Using the method of Section 10.8, solve Problem 10.33.

10.63: Using the method of Section 10.8, solve Problem 10.34.

SOLUTION

Problem 10.62

Have P = 150 lb, l = 15 in., and k = 12.5 lb/in.

150 lb
Then (1 − cosθ ) tan θ =
4 (12.5 lb/in.)(15 in.)

= 0.2

Solving numerically, θ = 40.2°

1 2
Problem 10.63 V = ks + PyB
2

1
k ( 2l − xC ) + PyB
2
V =
2

xC = 2l cosθ and yB = −l sin θ

1
k ( 2l − 2l cosθ ) − Pl sin θ
2
Thus, V =
2

= 2kl 2 (1 − cosθ ) − Pl sin θ

2

dV
= 2kl 2 2 (1 − cosθ ) sin θ − Pl cosθ = 0
dθ

P
or (1 − cosθ ) tan θ =
4kl
 PROBLEM 10.64
Using the method of Section 10.8, solve Problem 10.35.

SOLUTION

 90° + θ 
Spring v = 2l sin  
 2 

 θ
v = 2l sin  45° + 
 2

Unstretched (θ = 0 )

v0 = 2l sin 45° = 2l

 θ
Deflection of spring s = v − v0 = 2l sin  45° +  − 2l
 2

2
1 2 1   θ 
V = ks + Py A = kl 2  2sin  45° +  − 2  + P ( −l sin θ )
2 2   2  

dV   θ   θ
= kl 2  2sin  45° +  − 2  cos  45° +  − Pl cosθ = 0
dθ   2    2

  θ  θ  θ  P
 2sin  45° + 2  cos  45° + 2  − 2 cos  45° + 2   = kl cosθ
      

 θ P
cosθ − 2 cos  45° +  = cosθ
 2  kl

Divide each member by cosθ

 θ
cos  45° + 
 2 P
1− 2 =
cosθ kl
 PROBLEM 10.64 CONTINUED

Then with P = 150 lb, l = 30 in. and k = 40 lb/in.

 θ
cos  45° + 
 2 150 lb
1− 2 =
cosθ ( 40 lb/in.)( 30 in.)
= 0.125

 θ
cos  45° + 
or  2
= 0.618718
cosθ

Solving numerically, θ = 17.83°

 PROBLEM 10.65
Using the method of Section 10.8, solve Problem 10.36.

SOLUTION

Using the results of Problem 10.64 with P = 600 N, l = 800 mm, and k = 4 kN/m , have

 θ
cos  45° + 
 2 P
1− 2 =
cosθ kl

600 N
=
( 4000 N/m )( 0.8 m )
= 0.1875

 θ
cos  45° + 
or  2
= 0.57452
cosθ

Solving numerically, θ = 30.985° θ = 31.0°

 PROBLEM 10.66
Using the method of Section 10.8, solve Problem 10.38.

SOLUTION 1 2
Spring VSP = kyC
2

where yC = d AC tan θ d AC = 15 in.

1 2
∴ VSP = kd AC tan 2 θ
2

Force P : VP = − PyP

where yP = rθ r = 3 in.

∴ VP = − Prθ

Then V = VSP + VP

1 2
= kd AC tan 2 θ − Prθ
2

dV
Equilibrium = 0: kd AC
2
tan θ sec2 θ − Pr = 0
dθ

or ( 4 lb/in.)(15 in.)2 tan θ sec2 θ − ( 96 lb )( 3 in.) = 0

or 3.125 tan θ sec 2 θ − 1 = 0

Solving numerically, θ = 16.4079° θ = 16.41°

 PROBLEM 10.67
Show that the equilibrium is neutral in Problem 10.1.

SOLUTION

We have yA = u

yD = −4.5u

yG = 2.5u

Have V = ( 300 N ) y A + (100 N ) yD + P ( yE ) = 0

V = 300u + 100 ( −4.5u ) + P ( 2.5u ) = 0

V = ( −150 + 2.5P ) u

dV
= −150 + 2.5P = 0 so that P = 60 N
du

Substitute P = 60 N in expression for V: V =  −150 + 2.5 ( 60 )  u

=0

∴ V is constant and equilibrium is neutral

 PROBLEM 10.68
Show that the equilibrium is neutral in Problem 10.2.

SOLUTION

Consider a small disturbance of the system so that θ  1

Have xC = xD , 5θ  15φ

θ
or φ =
3

Potential energy V = M θ − QxE + PyG

where xE = (10 in.) φ

 10 
=  θ  in.
 3 

and
 (  )
yG =  4 2 in. φ  cos 45°
 PROBLEM 10.68 CONTINUED

10 4
Then V = Mθ − Qθ + Pθ
3 3

 10 4 
=  M + Q + P θ
 3 3 

dV 10 4
and =M − Q+ P
dθ 3 3

dV 10 4
For equilibrium = 0: M − Q + P = 0
dθ 3 3

∴ At equilibrium, V = 0, a constant, for all values of θ .

Hence, equilibrium is neutral

Q.E.D.
 PROBLEM 10.69
Two identical uniform rods, each of weight W and length L, are attached
to pulleys that are connected by a belt as shown. Assuming that no
slipping occurs between the belt and the pulleys, determine the positions
of equilibrium of the system and state in each case whether the
equilibrium is stable, unstable, or neutral.

SOLUTION

Let each rod be of length L and weight W. Then the potential energy V is
L  L 
V = W  sin θ  + W  cos 2θ 
2  2 
Then
dV W
= L cosθ − WL sin 2θ
dθ 2
For equilibrium
dV W
= 0: L cosθ − WL sin 2θ = 0
dθ 2
or cosθ − 2sin 2θ = 0
Solving numerically or using a computer algebra system, such as Maple, gives four solutions:
θ = 1.570796327 rad = 90.0°

θ = −1.570796327 rad = 270°

θ = 0.2526802551 rad = 14.4775°

θ = 2.888912399 rad = 165.522°

Now
d 2V 1
= − WL sin θ − 2WL cos 2θ
dθ 2
2
1 
= −WL  sin θ + 2cos 2θ 
2 
 PROBLEM 10.69 CONTINUED

At θ = 14.4775°

d 2V 1 
= −WL  sin14.4775° + 2 cos  2 (14.4775° )  
dθ 2
2 

= −1.875WL ( < 0 ) ∴ θ = 14.48°, Unstable

At θ = 90°

d 2V 1 
= −WL  sin 90° + 2 cos180° 
dθ 2  2 

= 1.5WL ( > 0 ) ∴ θ = 90°, Stable

At θ = 165.522°

d 2V 1 
= −WL  sin165.522° + 2 cos ( 2 × 165.522° ) 
dθ 2
2 

= −1.875WL ( < 0 ) ∴ θ = 165.5°, Unstable

At θ = 270°

d 2V 1 
= −WL  sin 270° + 2 cos 540° 
dθ 2
2 

= 2.5WL ( > 0 ) ∴ θ = 270°, Stable

 PROBLEM 10.70
Two uniform rods, each of mass m and length l, are attached to gears as
shown. For the range 0 ≤ θ ≤ 180o , determine the positions of
equilibrium of the system and state in each case whether the equilibrium
is stable, unstable, or neutral.

SOLUTION

l  l 
Potential energy V = W  cos1.5θ  + W  cosθ  W = mg
 2   2 
dV Wl Wl
= ( −1.5sin1.5θ ) + ( − sin θ )
dθ 2 2
Wl
=− (1.5sin1.5θ + sin θ )
2

d 2V Wl
= − ( 2.25cos1.5θ + cosθ )
dθ 2
2
dV
For equilibrium = 0: 1.5sin1.5θ + sin θ = 0
dθ
Solutions: One solution, by inspection, is θ = 0, and a second angle less than 180° can be found numerically:
θ = 2.4042 rad = 137.8°

d 2V Wl
Now = − ( 2.25cos1.5θ + cosθ )
dθ 2
2
 PROBLEM 10.70 CONTINUED

d 2V Wl
At θ = 0: = − ( 2.25cos 0° + cos 0° )
dθ 2
2
Wl
=− ( 3.25) ( < 0 ) ∴ θ = 0, Unstable
2

d 2V Wl
At θ = 137.8°: =−  2.25cos (1.5 × 137.8° ) + cos137.8° 
dθ 2
2 
Wl
= ( 2.75) ( > 0 ) ∴ θ = 137.8°, Stable
2